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International audience

An ultrarapid three- and four-color primed in situ (PRINS) procedure has been developed for rapid chromosome identification and aneuploidy assessment on isolated cells. Based on the direct in situ mixing of fluorochromes (fluorescein isothiocyanate, tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate, Cascade Blue), this multicolor PRINS procedure is described on unfertilized human oocytes and isolated human blastomeres.

Based on the direct in situ mixing of the colors of different fluorochromes (fluorescein isothiocyanate, tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate, Cascade Blue) incorporated in sequential primed in situ labeling (PRINS) reactions, a new multicolor PRINS procedure is described, allowing the rapid and distinct in situ labeling of three or four human chromosomes. Each PRINS reaction consists of a unique 5-min step for annealing and elongation. In combination with the 0.5 M NaOH pretreatment for simultaneous in situ denaturation and decondensation of sperm nuclei, this technique has been adapted to human sperm nuclei for the direct assessment of aneuploidy.

International audience

International audience; Due to the high input of organic soil substances in infiltrated water, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is an interesting tracer to determine water origin in hydrosystems. The aim of this study was to use continuous measurements of DOC natural fluorescence in spring water to characterize infiltration in a karst system at the event time scale. Hydrological data were recorded at the outlet of a small perennial spring within a cliff at Fertans in the French Jura mountains since July 2009. Our results showed that the response of the system was fast (response time of 3 hours) and was produced by two combined flow types. First, discharge and turbidity peaks, and electrical conductivity troughs were produced by a piston-type flow enabling an unclogging of the fractures. Second, this fast infiltration process was followed by a slower one enriched in DOC, produced by a more diffuse-type flow through the matrix compartment.

Due to the high input of organic soil substances in infiltrated water, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is an interesting tracer to determine water origin in hydrosystems. The aim of this study was to use continuous measurements of DOC natural fluorescence in spring water to characterize infiltration in a karst system at the event time scale. Hydrological data were recorded at the outlet of a small perennial spring within a cliff at Fertans in the French Jura mountains since July 2009. Our results showed that the response of the system was fast (response time of 3 hours) and was produced by two combined flow types. First, discharge and turbidity peaks, and electrical conductivity troughs were produced by a piston-type flow enabling an unclogging of the fractures. Second, this fast infiltration process was followed by a slower one enriched in DOC, produced by a more diffuse-type flow through the matrix compartment.

International audience; Many studies have been carried on the Fontaine de Vaucluse karst system (south-east of France) and have proved the complexity of the hydrodynamic behaviour of this system. The question of water storage and water movement in this karst system must still be considered. This spring, famous for its considerable mean flow rate of around 20 m3/s, with maximum flow rate of 100 m3/s, has been time object of curiosity for a long, and, since 1877, the runoff of the spring has been regularly noted. Thus, at present, a 127 years long database of runoff measurement is available. After a review of the old data (1877-1965), the bias induced by the displacement of the gauging station in 1965 has been quantified. We then built a complete and homogeneous monthly runoff database. The analyse and the comparison of monthly runoff and rainfall databases confirms a rapid time response of the system, compared to the large surface of the recharge area. But this analyse has also pointed out unusual high runoff during dry periods occurring after long humid periods (several decades). Whereas an expected deficit is observed on runoff if the dry period occurred after a period characterised by mean amount of precipitation. This seems to confirm the existence of a routing zone of great capacity, characterised by slow water transfer. Thus, it is of great importance to take correctly into account the role of this zone in the response of the system to precipitation, especially to improve the rainfall-runoff simulation.

International audience; The calcareous media contains discontinuous groundwater bodies, ranging from fissured quasi-homogeneous aquifers to highly karstified ones, according to their geological history. Three levels of heterogeneities can be classified in carbonate areas: vertical, with an unsaturated zone splitted into epikarst and unsaturated zone, laying upon the saturated zone, spatial with microfissured blocks surrounded by conduits and annex-to-drain subsystems, in the recharge with diffuse infiltration, locally concentrated in karst depressions, and finally pin-point recharge in ponors. This huge diversity, because of variable geochemical conditions induced by environmental conditions (open or closed media vs oxygen or carbon dioxyde, hydraulic conductivity and related residence time,...) is able to set specific tracings, visible at the outlets of the system (springs, boreholes), despite the rather homogeneous lithological context.

International audience