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1. APOL1 Renal Risk Variants and Kidney Function in HIV-1–Infected People From Sub-Saharan Africa

Author

Armel Poda, Ndeye Fatou Ngom-Gueye, Sabrina Eymard-Duvernay, Aoua Semde, Victor A. David, Cheryl A. Winkler, L. Ciaffi, Adrien Sawadogo, Elizabeth Binns-Roemer, Nongodo Firmin Kaboré, Sophie Limou, Amandine Cournil, Nicolas Meda, Sinata Koulla-Shiro, Jacques Zoungrana, Charles Kouanfack, Centre Muraz [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Etablissement Français du Sang [Occitanie] (EFS Occitanie), Université Polytechnique Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso (UNB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou [Bobo-Dioulasso] (CHUSS), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Montpellier (UM), Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Argumentation, Décision, Raisonnement, Incertitude et Apprentissage (IRIT-ADRIA), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Yaoundé I, Hôpital Central de Yaoundé [Yaoundé], Centre Régional de recherche et de Formation à la prise en charge Clinique de Fann (CRCF), CHNU Fann, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo [Ouagadougou] (UJZK), Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie - Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (U1064 Inserm - CR2TI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Nantes Université - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (Nantes Univ - UFR MEDECINE), Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Team 3 : Integrative transplantation, HLA, Immunology and genomics of kidney injury (U1064 Inserm - CR2TI), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Nantes Université - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (Nantes Univ - UFR MEDECINE), École Centrale de Nantes (Nantes Univ - ECN), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), KERANDEL-DION, Céline, Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques er émergentes (TransVIHMI), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Nantes Université - École Centrale de Nantes (Nantes Univ - ECN)

Subjects
business.industry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Ethnic group, Renal function, HIV, [INFO] Computer Science [cs], [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Kidney risk, Carriage, Nephrology, parasitic diseases, Genotype, Cohort, Africa, Burkina Faso, eGFR, Medicine, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Allele, APOL1, business, Allele frequency, Viral load, Demography
Abstract

International audience; APOL1 G1 and G2 alleles have been associated with kidney-related outcomes in people living with HIV (PLHIV) of Black African origin. No APOL1-related kidney risk data have yet been reported in PLHIV in West Africa, where high APOL1 allele frequencies have been observed. Methods: We collected clinical data from PLHIV followed in Burkina Faso (N = 413) and in the ANRS-12169/2LADY trial (Cameroon, Senegal, Burkina Faso, N = 369). APOL1 G1 and G2 risk variants were genotyped using TaqMan assays, and APOL1 high-risk (HR) genotype was defined by the carriage of 2 risk alleles. Results: In West Africa (Burkina Faso and Senegal), the G1 and G2 allele frequencies were 13.3% and 10.7%, respectively. In Cameroon (Central Africa), G1 and G2 frequencies were 8.7% and 8.9%, respectively. APOL1 HR prevalence was 4.9% in West Africa and 3.4% in Cameroon. We found no direct association between APOL1 HR and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) change over time. Nevertheless, among the 2LADY cohort participants, those with both APOL1 HR and high baseline viral load had a faster eGFR progression (β = −3.9[−7.7 to −0.1] ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year, P < 0.05) than those with low-risk (LR) genotype and low viral load. Conclusion: Overall, the APOL1 risk allele frequencies in PLHIV were higher in the West African countries than in Cameroon, but much lower than previously reported in some Nigeria ethnic groups, which strongly advocates for further investigation in the African continent. This study suggested that the virological status could modulate the APOL1 impact on kidney function, hence reinforcing the need for early therapeutic interventions.

Published
2021
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2. Prevalence of human leukocyte antigen HLA-B*57:01 in individuals with HIV in West and Central Africa

Author

Mounerou Salou, Jacques Zoungrana, Didier K. Ekouevi, Malewe Kolou, Esther Konou, Tatiana Dokpomiwa, Zellica Diallo, Abdoul-Salam Ouédraogo, Serge Eholié, Lionèle Mba-Tchounga, Marielle Bouyout-Akoutet, Armel Poda, André Bigot, Université de Lomé [Togo], Université Polytechnique Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso (UNB), Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB), University of Abomey Calavi (UAC), Site de recherche ANRS [Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou [Bobo-Dioulasso] (CHUSS), Université des Sciences de la Santé [Libreville, Gabon], Team MORPH3EUS (INSERM U1219 - UB - ISPED), Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université d’Abomey-Calavi = University of Abomey Calavi (UAC), and Malbec, Odile

Subjects
Adult, 0301 basic medicine, Allergy, medicine.medical_specialty, Genotype, Anti-HIV Agents, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Immunology, Prevalence, HIV Infections, Human leukocyte antigen, Drug Hypersensitivity, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, And Central Africa, Abacavir, Interquartile range, Internal medicine, parasitic diseases, Humans, Medicine, Africa, Central, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, 030212 general & internal medicine, Allele, Genetic Association Studies, West, business.industry, Research, Middle Aged, RC581-607, medicine.disease, HIV infection, Dideoxynucleosides, HLA-B, HLA-B*57:01, 3. Good health, Antiretroviral, Hypersensitivity reaction, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Africa, Western, HLA-B Antigens, HIV-1, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

BackgroundThe presence of the human leukocyte antigen HLA-B*57:01 is associated with the development of a hypersensitivity reaction to abacavir (ABC). Limited data exist on HLA-B*57:01 prevalence in individuals with HIV-1 in Africa. This study aimed to estimate HLA-B*57:01 prevalence in individuals with HIV-1 in West and Central Africa.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in four countries in West and central Africa (Burkina-Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Gabon, and Togo) from January 2016 to February 2020 to determine the status of HLA-B*57:01 in adults with HIV-1. The presence of HLA-B*57:01 was determined by using Single Specific Primer-Polymerase Chain Reaction (SSP-PCR) in blood samples. Prevalence rates were stratified based on country.ResultsA total of 4016 (69.8% women) individuals with HIV were enrolled. Their median age was 45, and the interquartile range was 38–52. We included 500 (12.4%) patients in Burkina-Faso, 1453 (36.2%) in Côte d’Ivoire, 951 (23.7%) in Gabon, and 1112 (27.7%) in Togo. The overall HLA-B*57:01 prevalence was 0.1% [95% CI: 0.0–0.2%]. The prevalence of HLA-B*57:01 was similar according to the four countries. Only one case was reported in each country except Togo, with no cases.ConclusionsHLA-B*57:01 prevalence is low in individuals with HIV in West and central Africa, and there is no difference among countries. This study does not confirm the utility of HLA-B*57:01 allele testing for abacavir use in this region.

Published
2021
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3. HIV Med

Author

Aoua Semde, Antoine Jaquet, Akouda Patassi, Nongodo Firmin Kabore, Karen Malateste, Armel Poda, François Dabis, Eugène Messou, N. de Rekeneire, Y. Bikinga, Didier K. Ekouevi, Henri Chenal, A. Cournil, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Bordeaux population health (BPH), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, SENEGAL, COTE D'IVOIRE, Anti-HIV Agents, Renal function, HIV Infections, Article, West africa, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, TOGO, medicine, BENIN, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, BURKINA FASO, Framingham Risk Score, [INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], business.industry, Health Policy, Incidence (epidemiology), medicine.disease, 030112 virology, Confidence interval, 3. Good health, Africa, Western, Infectious Diseases, Cohort, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Kidney disease, Cohort study
Abstract

Objectives: A risk score for long-term prediction of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in people living with HIV (PLHIV) has been developed using data from the D:A:D cohort. We assessed the performance of the D:A:D risk score in a cohort of PLHIV in West Africa. Methods : Data from PLHIV starting antiretroviral treatment in four clinics in Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire and Togo participating in the IeDEA West Africa collaboration were analysed. CKD was defined as two consecutive estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) of ≤ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The D:A:D score (short version) was calculated using age, gender, nadir CD4 and baseline eGFR and was categorized into low, medium, and high-risk groups. Results : In 14 930 participants (70% female, median age = 38 years; median nadir CD4 count = 183 cells/µL) followed for a median duration of 5.7 years, 660 (4.4%) progressed to CKD, with an incidence [95% confidence interval (CI)] of 7.8 (7.2-8.4) per 1000 person-years (PY). CKD incidence rates were 2.4 (2.0-2.8), 8.1 (6.8-9.6) and, 30.9 (28.0-34.1) per 1000 PY in the low-, medium- and high-risk groups, respectively. In the high-risk group, 14.7% (95% CI: 13.3; 16.3) had progressed to CKD at 5 years. Discrimination was good [C-statistics = 0.81 (0.79-0.83)]. In all, 79.4% of people who progressed to CKD were classified in the medium- to high-risk group at baseline (sensitivity) and 66.5% of people classified in the low risk group at baseline did not progress to CKD (specificity). Conclusions : These findings confirm the validity of the D:A:D score in identifying individuals at risk of developing CKD who could benefit from enhanced kidney monitoring in West African HIV clinics

Published
2021
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4. Advocacy for Increased International Efforts for Antimicrobial Stewardship Actions in Low-and Middle-Income Countries on Behalf of Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antimicrobials (APUA), Under the Auspices of the International Society of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (ISAC)

Author

Pierre, Tattevin, Gabriel, Levy Hara, Adnene, Toumi, Mushira, Enani, Geoffrey, Coombs, Andreas, Voss, Heiman, Wertheim, Armel, Poda, Ziad, Daoud, Ramanan, Laxminarayan, Dilip, Nathwani, Ian, Gould, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Hospital Carlos G. Durand, Université de Monastir - University of Monastir (UM), King Fahad Medical City [Riyadh, Saudi Arabia], Murdoch University, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital [Nijmegen, The Netherlands], Radboud university [Nijmegen], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou [Bobo-Dioulasso] (CHUSS), University of Balamand - UOB (LIBAN), Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy (CDDEP), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School [Dundee], and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen

Subjects
resistance, antimicrobial stewardship, education, low- and middle- income countries, income countries, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Perspective, Medicine, General Medicine, and middle, low, antibiotics
Abstract

International audience; Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is a set of coordinated strategies to improve the use of antimicrobials, to enhance patient outcomes, reduce antimicrobial resistance, and decrease unnecessary costs. The pioneer years of AMS were restricted to high-income countries (HIC), where overconsumption of antibiotics was associated with emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. AMS in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) is also necessary. However, programs effective in HIC may not perform as well in LMIC, because (i) While decreased consumption of antibiotics may be an appropriate target in overconsuming HIC, this may be dangerous in LMIC, where many patients die from the lack of access to antibiotics; (ii) although AMS programs in HIC can be designed and monitored through laboratory surveillance of resistance, surveillance programs are not available in many LMIC; (iii) the heterogeneity of health care systems implies that AMS programs must be carefully contextualized. Despite the need to individually tailor AMS programs in LMIC, international collaborations remain highly valuable, through the dissemination of high-quality documents and educational material, that may be shared, adapted where needed, and adopted worldwide. This process, facilitated by modern communication tools, combines many benefits, including: (i) saving time, a precious dimension for health care workers, by avoiding the duplication of similar works in different settings; (ii) taking advantage of colleagues skills, and initiatives, through open access to the work performed in other parts of the world; (iii) sharing experiences, so that we all learn from each others' successes and failures.

Published
2020
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5. Chronic kidney disease and HIV in the era of antiretroviral treatment : findings from a 10-year cohort study in a west African setting

Author

Nongodo Firmin Kaboré, Sophie Limou, Amandine Cournil, Eric Delaporte, Ollo Da, Aoua Semde, Jacques Zoungrana, Laura Ciaffi, Nicolas Meda, Issouf Yaméogo, Adrien Sawadogo, Armel Poda, Department of Clinical Research [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso], Centre Muraz [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso], Department of Infectious Diseases [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso], University Hospital Souro Sanou [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso], Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso], Université Nazi Boni [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso], Biochemistry Department [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso], Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Department of nephrology [Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso], Département des Maladies Infectieuses [CHRU Montpellier], Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo [Ouagadougou] (UJZK), Institut de transplantation urologie-néphrologie (ITUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN), Basic Research Laboratory [Frederick, MD, USA] (NIH/NCI), Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR)-Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc [Frederick, MD, USA], Translational ImmunoGenetic in AutoImmunity and Transplantation (Team 5 - U1064 Inserm - CRTI), Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (U1064 Inserm - CRTI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Le Bihan, Sylvie, Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques er émergentes (TransVIHMI), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)

Subjects
Nephrology, Male, Time Factors, Epidemiology, 030232 urology & nephrology, HIV Infections, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, lcsh:RC870-923, Gastroenterology, Cohort Studies, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Abacavir, Risk Factors, Prevalence, Didanosine, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Incidence, Stavudine, Age Factors, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Creatinine, Hypertension, Female, Zidovudine, medicine.drug, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Anti-HIV Agents, Renal function, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Burkina Faso, medicine, CKD, Humans, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Tenofovir, business.industry, HIV, medicine.disease, lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, Dideoxynucleosides, Antiretroviral treatment, chemistry, Africa, Linear Models, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Kidney disease, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUND:It has been reported that people living with HIV in West Africa exhibited the highest risks for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the world. Here, we aimed at determining the CKD frequency and changes in kidney function during antiretroviral treatment (ART) in a large cohort of HIV-patients followed in Burkina Faso.METHODS:We included ART-naive adults who initiated ART at the Day Care Unit of the Souro Sanou University Hospital between 01/01/2007 and 12/31/2016. We assessed the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by serum creatinine using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation. Following the K/DOQI recommendations, CKD was defined as eGFR

Published
2019
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6. High Nasal Carriage Rate of Staphylococcus aureus Containing Panton-Valentine leukocidin- and EDIN-Encoding Genes in Community and Hospital Settings in Burkina Faso

Author

Abdoul-Salam OUEDRAOGO, Catherine Dunyach-Remy, Aimée Kissou, Soufiane Sanou, Armel Poda, Carole Gilberte Kyelem, Jerôme Solassol, Anne Laure Bañuls, Philippe Van De Perre, Rasmata Ouédraogo, Hélène Jean Pierre, Jean-Philippe Lavigne, Sylvain Godreuil, Service de Biopathologie [CHRU Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Pathogénèse et contrôle des infections chroniques (PCCI), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Virulence bactérienne et maladies infectieuses (VBMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Du gène à l'écosystème (MIVEGEC-GeneSys), Pathogènes, Environnement, Santé Humaine (EPATH), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (CHU Montpellier )

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Staphylococcus aureus, food.ingredient, medicine.drug_class, 030106 microbiology, Antibiotics, lcsh:QR1-502, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, lcsh:Microbiology, Agar plate, 03 medical and health sciences, Antibiotic resistance, food, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Burkina Faso, medicine, Agar, Agar diffusion test, Original Research, carriage, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, bacterial infections and mycoses, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 3. Good health, oligonucleotide array, Carriage, PVL, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Panton–Valentine leukocidin, EDIN
Abstract

International audience; The objectives of the present study were to investigate the rate of S.aureus nasal carriage and molecular characteristics in hospital and community settings in Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Nasal samples (n = 219) were collected from 116 healthy volunteers and 103 hospitalized patients in July and August 2014. Samples were first screened using CHROMagar Staph aureus chromogenic agar plates, and S. aureus strains were identified by mass spectrometry. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested using the disk diffusion method on Müller-Hinton agar. All S. aureus isolates were genotyped using DNA microarray. Overall, the rate of S. aureus nasal carriage was 32.9% (72/219) with 29% in healthy volunteers and 37% in hospital patients. Among the S. aureus isolates, only four methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains were identified and all in hospital patients (3.9%). The 72 S. aureus isolates from nasal samples belonged to 16 different clonal complexes, particularly to CC 152-MSSA (22 clones) and CC1-MSSA (nine clones). Two clones were significantly associated with community settings: CC1-MSSA and CC45-MSSA. The MRSA strains belonged to the ST88-MRSA-IV or the CC8-MRSA-V complex. A very high prevalence of toxinogenic strains 52.2% (36/69), containing Panton-Valentine leucocidin- and EDIN-encoding genes, was identified among the S. aureus isolates in community and hospital settings. This study provides the first characterization of S. aureus clones and their genetic characteristics in Burkina Faso. Altogether, it highlights the low prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, high diversity of methicillin-sensitive S. aureus clones and high frequency of toxinogenic S. aureus strains.

Published
2016
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