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1. Magnetic Helicoidal Dichroism with XUV Light Carrying Orbital Angular Momentum

Author: Mauro Fanciulli, Matteo Pancaldi, Emanuele Pedersoli, Mekha Vimal, David Bresteau, Martin Luttmann, Dario De Angelis, Primož Rebernik Ribič, Benedikt Rösner, Christian David, Carlo Spezzani, Michele Manfredda, Ricardo Sousa, Ioan-Lucian Prejbeanu, Laurent Vila, Bernard Dieny, Giovanni De Ninno, Flavio Capotondi, Maurizio Sacchi, Thierry Ruchon, Laboratoire Interactions, Dynamiques et Lasers (ex SPAM) (LIDyl), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux et des Surfaces (LPMS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), SPINtronique et TEchnologie des Composants (SPINTEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Croissance et propriétés de systèmes hybrides en couches minces (INSP-E8), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Attophysique (ATTO), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire Interactions, Dynamiques et Lasers (ex SPAM) (LIDyl), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Nova Gorica
Subjects: History, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Computer Science Applications, Education
Abstract: Circularly polarized light is a fundamental tool in magnetic studies, notably for magnetization dynamics. It is less common in magneto-optics to exploit the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of value ℓ carried by light beams possessing a helical wavefront. After finding many applications in the visible range, recently OAM pulses with ultra-short duration and XUV wavelengths became available, widening the range of experiments that can be envisaged. We modelled the interaction of an XUV OAM beam with non-uniform magnetic structures, showing that the far field scattered intensity profile encodes the symmetry of the magnetic structure in a way that depends on the sign and value of ℓ. In analogy with magnetic circular dichroism, this effect, named magnetic helicoidal dichroism (MHD), can be observed by inverting the sign of either the orbital momentum or of the magnetization. We obtained experimental evidence of MHD by measuring ℓ-dependent resonant scattering from a magnetic vortex. The results of recent complementary experiments match well the theoretical predictions, confirming the potential of the new toolset provided by MHD for studying the laser-triggered ultrafast dynamics of complex magnetic materials.
Published: 2022
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2. Hard X-ray helical dichroism of disordered molecular media

Author: Jérémy R. Rouxel, Benedikt Rösner, Dmitry Karpov, Camila Bacellar, Giulia F. Mancini, Francesco Zinna, Dominik Kinschel, Oliviero Cannelli, Malte Oppermann, Cris Svetina, Ana Diaz, Jérôme Lacour, Christian David, Majed Chergui, and Rouxel, Jérémy
Subjects: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], chirality, Physics::Optics, FOS: Physical sciences, carbon k-edge, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, orbital angular-momentum, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], twisted light, Physics - Chemical Physics, optical vortices, natural circular-dichroism, absorption, Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract: Chirality is a structural property of molecules lacking mirror symmetry that has strong implications in diverse fields, ranging from life to materials sciences. Established spectroscopic methods that are sensitive to chirality, such as circular dichroism (CD), exhibit weak signal contributions on an achiral background. Helical dichroism (HD), which is based on the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light, offers a new approach to probe molecular chirality, but it has never been demonstrated on disordered samples. Furthermore, in the optical domain the challenge lies in the need to transfer the OAM of the photon to an electron that is localized on an {\AA}-size orbital. Here, we overcome this challenge using hard X-rays with spiral Fresnel zone, which can induce an OAM. We present the first HD spectra of a disordered powder sample of enantiopure molecular complexes of [Fe(4,4'-diMebpy)3]2+ at the iron K-edge (7.1 keV) with OAM-carrying beams. The HD spectra exhibit the expected inversions of signs switching from a left to a right helical wave front or from an enantiomer to the other. The asymmetry ratios for the HD spectra are within one to five percent for OAM beams with topological charges of one and three. These results open a new window into the studies of molecular chirality and its interaction with the orbital angular momentum of light., Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2022

3. An Integrated Study of Water Weakening and Fluid Rock Interaction Processes in Porous Rocks: Linking Mechanical Behavior to Surface Properties

Author: Davide Geremia, Christian David, Rachid Ismail, Alae El Haitami, and CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)
Subjects: water weakening, Technology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, QH301-705.5, QC1-999, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, rock mechanics, chalk, surface energy, fluid–rock interactions, General Materials Science, Biology (General), Instrumentation, QD1-999, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Process Chemistry and Technology, Physics, General Engineering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), Computer Science Applications, Chemistry, TA1-2040, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; We investigated the impact of water weakening on the mechanical behavior of Obourg Chalk and Ciply Chalk (Mons Basin, Belgium). Different mechanical tests were conducted to estimate the unconfined compressive strength (UCS), tensile strength, Young’s modulus, mechanical strength under triaxial loading, critical pressure, fracture toughness, cohesion, and internal friction coefficient on samples either dry or saturated with water or brine. This extensive dataset allowed us to calculate wet-to-dry ratios (WDR), i.e., the ratio between any property for a dry sample to that for the water-saturated sample. For both chalks, we found that water has a strong weakening effect with WDR ranging from 0.4 to 0.75. Ciply Chalk exhibits more water weakening than Obourg Chalk. The highest water weakening effect was obtained for UCS, critical pressure, and Young’s modulus. Weakening effects are still present in brine-saturated samples but their magnitude depends on the fluid composition. The mechanical data were correlated to variations in surface energy derived from three different methods: fracture mechanics, contact angle goniometry, and atomic force microscopy. Water weakening in the tested chalks can be explained by a clear reduction in surface energy and by the existence of repulsive forces which lower the cohesion.
Published: 2021
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4. Continuous Recording of Viscoelastic Relaxation Processes at a Constant Ultrasonic Frequency Due To Wave‐Induced Fluid Flow in a Microporous Carbonate Rock

Author: Christian David, Davide Geremia, and CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)
Subjects: Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Microporous material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Viscoelasticity, Geophysics, Fluid dynamics, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Carbonate rock, P-wave, Relaxation (physics), Ultrasonic sensor, Composite material, Dispersion (water waves), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021
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5. Water-Induced Damage in Microporous Carbonate Rock by Low-Pressure Injection Test

Author: Davide Geremia, Fanny Descamps, Christian David, Sara Vandycke, Joel Sarout, Lionel Esteban, Beatriz Menéndez, Jeremie Dautriat, Christophe Barnes, Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement Cergy (GEC), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE (I-MAT), CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine, and CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)
Subjects: Work (thermodynamics), Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Injection tests, Mechanical tests, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, Microporous material, Deformation (meteorology), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Overburden pressure, 01 natural sciences, Piezoelectricity, Carbonate rocks, Coupling (piping), Carbonate rock, Geotechnical engineering, Differential stress, Chalk, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, Water-weakening, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: International audience; In the present work, we investigate the mechanical weakening and deformation induced by water on a microporous carbonate rock, the Obourg Chalk from Mons Basin (Belgium), through conventional triaxial tests and injection tests. The injection tests were conducted by waterflooding critically loaded rock samples, initially in dry condition, in a way to minimize the variations in the effective pressures. Furthermore, the samples were instrumented with P-wave piezoelectric transducers to provide active ultrasonic monitoring while injecting. The results show a significant reduction in the mechanical strength of this chalk. Analysis of the mechanical tests and the associated deformation allows us to describe the mechanical behavior as a function of the confining pressure, which draws a brittle-ductile transition spanning from low to high confining pressure. The injection tests, moreover, revealed that the amount of water injected before triggering mechanical instability decreases exponentially with respect to the applied differential stress on the rock sample. The data, therefore, suggest that the failure might be controlled by a mechanical coupling between the water-invaded zone and the dry one. Since water-weakening plays an important role in several fields like oil industry, through secondary and tertiary recovery of hydrocarbons, Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS), as well as in the mechanical stability of underground cavities, the outcome of this work is of primary importance in mitigating any kind of problems related to these operations.
Published: 2021
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6. Spectral optical vortex modulation from geometric phase diamond metasurface arrays

Author: Saulius Juodkazis, Mikaël Ghadimi Nassiri, Etienne Brasselet, Gediminas Seniutinas, Christian David, Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine (LOMA), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Angular momentum, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), business.industry, Multispectral image, Diamond, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Vortex, Wavelength, Optics, Modulation, 0103 physical sciences, engineering, Photonics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Optical vortex
Abstract: International audience; Agile management of the optical orbital angular momentum encompasses temporal, spatial, and spectral aspects that, once combined, offer new perspectives in our way to manipulate light. To date the spectral control is mainly limited to tunable operating wavelength and polychromatic capabilities. Recently, a multispectral approach has been proposed [Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 213901 (2018)] to achieve independent orbital angular momentum state control on multiple spectral channels. Here we report on the design, fabrication and implementation of a solid-state multispectral approach that consists of arrays of optical diamond micro-metasurfaces. Obtained device exhibits superior performances with respect to the original attempt, both regarding the spectral vortex purity, the ability to deal with high photon flux, and the orbital angular momentum diversity across the spectrum. These results motivate further development of metasurface-based integrated spin-orbit photonics technologies.
Published: 2021
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7. Time-Resolved XUV Absorption Spectroscopy and Magnetic Circular Dichroism at the Ni M 2,3 -Edges

Author: Boris Vodungbo, Benjamin Watts, Marco Zangrando, Denys Naumenko, Gregory Malinowski, Emanuele Pedersoli, Armin Kleibert, Romain Jarrier, Flavio Capotondi, Gheorghe S. Chiuzbaian, Tatiana Savchenko, Michel Hehn, Christian David, Ignacio Lopez-Quintas, Emmanuelle Jal, Valentin Chardonnet, Jan Lüning, Benedikt Rösner, Marcel Hennes, Renaud Delaunay, Ivaylo Nikolov, Florian Döring, Aladine Merhe, Maxime Lebugle, Vitaliy A. Guzenko, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement (LCPMR), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste
Subjects: Materials science, Photon, Absorption spectroscopy, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, lcsh:Technology, lcsh:Chemistry, ultrafast spectroscopy, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, Spin (physics), Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Instrumentation, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter - Materials Science, femtomagnetism, XUV FEL, magnetic circular dichroism, XUV-FEL, Magnetic circular dichroism, lcsh:T, Process Chemistry and Technology, Fermi level, General Engineering, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, lcsh:QC1-999, Computer Science Applications, lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:QD1-999, lcsh:TA1-2040, Femtosecond, symbols, 0210 nano-technology, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), lcsh:Physics
Abstract: Ultrashort optical pulses can trigger a variety of non-equilibrium processes in magnetic thin films affecting electrons and spins on femtosecond timescales. In order to probe the charge and magnetic degrees of freedom simultaneously, we developed an X-ray streaking technique that has the advantage of providing a jitter-free picture of absorption cross-section changes. In this paper, we present an experiment based on this approach, which we performed using five photon probing energies at the Ni M2,3-edges. This allowed us to retrieve the absorption and magnetic circular dichroism time traces, yielding detailed information on transient modifications of electron and spin populations close to the Fermi level. Our findings suggest that the observed absorption and magnetic circular dichroism dynamics both depend on the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) probing wavelength, and can be described, at least qualitatively, by assuming ultrafast energy shifts of the electronic and magnetic elemental absorption resonances, as reported in recent work. However, our analysis also hints at more complex changes, highlighting the need for further experimental and theoretical studies in order to gain a thorough understanding of the interplay of electronic and spin degrees of freedom in optically excited magnetic thin films.
Published: 2020
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8. Acoustics and petrophysical investigations on upper cretaceous carbonate rocks from northern Lebanon

Author: Mohammad Alqudah, Christian David, Mohamed K. Salah, and CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Petrophysics, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, Aquifer, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Diagenesis, Sedimentary depositional environment, Petrography, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Carbonate, Carbonate rock, Porosity, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: Carbonate rocks represent significant aquifers and reservoir rocks in many parts of the world. In this study, twenty-one carbonate samples collected from the exposed rocks at Batroun and Chekka, northern Lebanon, are studied to investigate their lithological characteristics, nannofossil content, and their acoustic and petrophysical properties. Four microfacies are recognized in the studied rocks including packstone, wackstone, wack-mudstone, and the wack-packstone. Nannofossils are detected in the top part of the studied section indicating marine-type depositional conditions for the upper Cretaceous carbonate rocks. The Petrographic analysis revealed also that the studied rocks have moderate to high porosity which is consistent with the measured porosity on core samples. The low porosity of some samples is induced by cementation, which also reduced their permeability. The bulk density varies widely because of the many diagenetic processes that impacted the studied rocks. Moreover, because the primary and secondary wave velocities (Vp, and Vs) are greatly influenced by porosity and density, the samples exhibit extreme variations in acoustic velocities from low values which characterize soft, highly-porous, rocks to higher velocities which are characteristic of compact, massive, and highly-cemented carbonates. Some relationships between the measured petrophysical and acoustic parameters are studied to investigate their mutual dependence, and discuss the impacts of rock composition and diagenetic alterations on the petrophysical properties of the collected rocks. The obtained results are also important in characterizing their mechanical strength, and in the analysis of seismic reflection profiles acquired for equivalent offshore limestone reservoirs in the Levant and the Eastern Mediterranean regions.
Published: 2020
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9. Petrophysical and acoustic assessment of carbonate rocks, Zahle area, central Lebanon

Author: Christian David, Mohamed K. Salah, Mohammad Alqudah, and CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)
Subjects: Lithology, Petrophysics, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Mineralogy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, 02 engineering and technology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, 01 natural sciences, Seismic wave, chemistry.chemical_compound, Permeability (earth sciences), chemistry, Carbonate, Carbonate rock, Imbibition, Porosity, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Transport and acoustic measurements have been conducted on fifteen rock samples collected from central Lebanon to characterize the rock properties and to assess the impact of lithology, pore types, pore sizes, and textural parameters on the storage capacity and elastic characteristics. The spontaneous imbibition of selected samples was examined by detecting the moving capillary front across a sample. The coefficient of capillarity derived from the spontaneous imbibition is positively correlated with permeability. Seismic velocities in the studied rocks vary widely and are positively correlated with the rock density. Matrix-supported rocks with a larger proportion of micropores have lower seismic wave velocities, whereas the grain-supported carbonates exhibit low to moderate porosity and higher acoustic velocities. The elastic properties of the studied carbonates indicate a granular, rather than a crystalline, texture for the majority of the studied rocks. The widely variable elastic behavior of basically carbonate rocks implies that seismic reflection profiles in carbonate sequences may contain seismic reflections that do not result from non-carbonate intercalations but which result mainly from variable porosity, pore types, and shapes in the carbonate rocks themselves. This study provides important information on the textural, petrophysical, and elastic properties of carbonate rocks which are crucial for the assessment and understanding of the seismic reflection sections in subsurface carbonate reservoirs.
Published: 2020
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10. Petrophysical and acoustic characteristics of Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks from Central Lebanon

Author: Christian David, Ali J. Monzer, Mohammad Alqudah, Mohamed K. Salah, and CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)
Subjects: Calcite, 010506 paleontology, Petrophysics, Mineralogy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Diagenesis, Sedimentary depositional environment, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, Facies, Carbonate rock, Porosity, Quartz, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: We conducted several petrophysical and acoustic measurements on 49 core samples collected from the Jurassic and Cretaceous strata exposed at west central Lebanon to evaluate their petrophysical and elastic properties and study the effects of the depositional conditions, sediment composition, and subsequent diagenetic processes on the measured parameters. First, these rocks were petrographically studied to identify their facies, porosity, and the main diagenetic features. In addition, these rocks were investigated under the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to identify their mineralogy. The petrophysical measurements were performed on the core samples where porosity, permeability, bulk, and grain densities were first determined, followed by measuring the seismic wave velocities under dry and water-saturation conditions. Both carbonates and siliciclastics are encountered in the studied formations. The SEM and XRD analyses revealed that the main constituting minerals are quartz, calcite and dolomite. The studied rocks have generally low to moderate porosity and very low permeability with averages of 0.05, and 0.31 mD, respectively. The bulk density is moderate to high and varies narrowly between 2.03 and 2.79 with an average of 2.64 g/cm3, whereas the average grain density is 2.77 g/cm3. The average primary and secondary wave velocities (Vp and Vs) are 4263, and 2323 m/s, respectively, with an average Vp/Vs of 1.83. Water-saturation has significantly impacted the elastic properties of the studied rocks. From the obtained measurements, we further calculated the elastic coefficients of the studied rocks and constructed several relationships between the measured properties to investigate their mutual interdependence and evaluate the effects of porosity, rock composition, depositional and diagenetic processes on the rock characteristics. We found that some samples, mainly carbonates, deviate significantly from the expected porosity-velocity and density-velocity trends. Originally present micro- and intercrystalline pores and characteristic diagenetic processes in these carbonate rocks, and possibly coring-induced microcracking in few samples, may account for the observed outliers.
Published: 2020
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11. Laboratory testing for monitoring of reservoir properties during water injection

Author: Davide Geremia, Joel Sarout, Christophe Barnes, Christian David, Jeremie Dautriat, Lionel Esteban, Sara Vandycke, Fanny Descamps, Beatriz Menéndez, and Girard, Solène
Subjects: Petroleum engineering, Water injection (oil production), [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Environmental science, Laboratory testing
Abstract: Since the performances of geological reservoirs are continuously changing during the production history, tools capable of characterizing these changes are becoming day by day of relevant importance. A time-lapse monitoring is an important and widely used way to explore the variations induced by the oil depletion. In an enhanced oil recovery scenario, the seismic survey method has been mostly used to monitor the remaining oil fraction with respect to the injected water, however no particular attention has been addressed to the effects generated by the water-rock interaction, which might induce deformation with no stress variation. Indeed, it is well known that water can induce important mechanical weakening in reservoir rocks.For that purpose, we performed injection tests on carbonate rocks in a conventional triaxial cell. An essential characteristic of these tests is the very low injection pressure, in order to minimize changes in the effective stresses and focus specifically on the rock - fluid interaction. The test consists in injecting water from the bottom in a critically loaded sample, initially in a dry state, until deformation is induced by the water-air substitution and failure is reached. While testing, the rock sample is instrumented with either 6 (at UCP, GEC lab) or 16 (at CSIRO, Geomechanics and Geophysics lab) P-wave transducers allowing us to perform an active ultrasonic survey with a narrow time intervals.The described methodology allowed us to monitor how P-wave attributes (amplitude, velocity and frequency), elastic moduli, as well as, permeability and injection rate change while water is flooding the sample increasing the water saturation, and damage is produced by the water – rock interaction. For instance, injecting water into a dry rock sample could produce several patterns of variations in the P-wave velocity, which we ascribed to 1) partial water saturation; 2) water-induced damage with no failure; 3) water-induced failure and, in some cases, 4) total water saturation. More experiments are planned to mimic real EOR operation, like injecting water in an oil-saturated rock sample, with acoustic monitoring as well.The outcome of this study indicates that combining multiple data sets from different sources is an effective tool for monitoring the exploitation of underground resources. This can certainly enhance our understanding of reservoir properties changing over time and target the attention toward the areas of greatest interest.
Published: 2020

12. Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), Far Detector Technical Design Report, Volume I Introduction to DUNE

Author: Abi, Babak, Acciarri, Roberto, Acero, Mario, Adamov, Giorge, Adams, David, Adinolfi, Marco, Ahmad, Zubayer, Ahmed, Jhanzeb, Alion, Tyler, Alonso Monsalve, Saul, Alt, Christoph, Anderson, John, Andreopoulos, Costas, Andrews, Michael P, Andriamirado, Manoa, Andrianala, Fenompanirina, Andringa, Sofia, Ankowski, Artur, Anthony, Jack, Antoniu, Iliescu, Antonova, Maria, Antusch, Stefan, Aranda Fernandez, Alfredo, Ariga, Akitaka, Arnold, Lukas, Arroyave, Manuel, Asaadi, Jonathan, Aurisano, Adam, Aushev, Vladimir, Autiero, Dario, Azfar, Farrukh, Back, Ashley, Back, Henning, Back, John, Backhouse, Chris, Baesso, Paolo, Bagby, Linda, Bajou, Raphael, Balasubramanian, Supraja, Baldi, Pierre, Bambah, Bindu, Barao, Fernando, Barenboim, Gabriela, Barker, Gary J, Barkhouse, Wayne, Barnes, Christopher, Barr, Giles, Barranco Monarca, Juan, Barros, Nuno, Barrow, Joshua, Bashyal, Amit, Basque, Vincent, Bay, Fatih, Bazo Alba, J.L., Beacom, John, Bechetoille, Edouard, Behera, Biswaranjan, Bellantoni, Leo, Bellettini, Giorgio, Bellini, Vincenzo, Beltramello, Olga, Belver, D., Benekos, Nektarios, Bento Neves, Francisco, Berger, Joshua, Berkman, Sophie, Bernardini, Paolo, Berner, Roman, Berns, Hans-Gerd, Bertolucci, Sergio, Betancourt, Minerba, Bezawada, Y., Bhattacharjee, maharnab, Bhuyan, Bipul, Biagi, Simone, Bian, Jianming, Biassoni, Matteo, Biery, Kurt, Bilki, Burak, Bishai, Mary, Bitadze, Alexander, Blake, Andrew, Blanco Siffert, Beatriz, Blaszczyk, Flor de Maria, Blazey, Gerald C, Blucher, Edward, Boissevain, Jan, Bolognesi, Sara, Bolton, Timothy, Bonesini, Maurizio, Bongrand, Mathieu, Bonini, Filiberto, Booth, Alexander, Booth, Chris, Bordoni, Stefania, Borkum, Aran, Boschi, Tommaso, Bostan, Nilay, Bour, Petr, Boyd, Steve B, Boyden, Daniel, Bracinik, Juraj, Braga, Davide, Brailsford, Dominic, Brandt, Andrew, Bremer, Johan, Brew, Chris, Brianne, Eldwan, Brice, Stephen, Brizzolari, Claudia, Bromberg, Carl, Brooijmans, Gustaaf, Brooke, Jim, Bross, Alan, Brunetti, Giulia, Buchanan, Norman, Budd, Howard, Caiulo, Davide, Calafiura, Paolo, Calcutt, Jacob, Calin, Marius, Calvez, Steven, Calvo, Enrique, Camilleri, Leslie, Caminata, Alessio, Campanelli, Mario, Caratelli, David, Carini, Gabriella, Carlus, Bruno, Carniti, Paolo, Caro Terrazas, Ivan, Carranza, Hector, Castillo, Andrés, Castromonte, Cesar, Cattadori, Carla, Cavalier, Fabien, Cavanna, Flavio, Centro, Sandro, Cerati, Giuseppe, Cervelli, Alberto, Cervera Villanueva, Anselmo, Chalifour, Michel, Chang, C., Chardonnet, Etienne, Chatterjee, Animesh, Chattopadhyay, Subhasish, Chaves, Jorge, Chen, Hucheng, Chen, Mu-Chun, Chen, Yifan, Cherdack, Daniel, Chi, Cheng-Yi, Childress, Sam, Chiriacescu, Ana, Cho, Kihyeon, Choubey, Sandhya, Christensen, Anne, Christian, David, Christodoulou, Georgios, Church, Eric, Clarke, Peter, Coan, Thomas, Cocco, Alfredo, Coelho, Joao, Conley, Erin, Conrad, Janet M, Convery, Mark, Corwin, Luke, Cotte, Philippe, Cremaldi, Lucien, Cremonesi, Linda, Crespo-Anadón, Jose I, Cristaldo, Esteban, Cross, Ryan, Cuesta, Clara, Cui, Yanou, Cussans, David, Dabrowski, Mieczyslaw, Da Motta, Helio, Peres, L. Da Silva, David, Quentin, Davies, Gavin, Davini, Stefano, Dawson, Jaime, De, Kaushik, de Almeida, Rogerio, Debbins, Paul, De Bonis, Isabelle, Decowski, M Patrick, de Gouvea, Andre, de Holanda, Pedro, de Icaza Astiz, Iker, Deisting, Alexander, De Jong, Paul, Delbart, Alain, Delepine, David, Delgado, Maritza, Dell'Acqua, Andrea, De Lurgio, Patrick, Ewart, Kevin, Grant, Nick, Hernandez Morquecho, Miguel Angel, Hewes, Jeremy, Huang, Junting, Huang, Junying, Leigui de Oliveira, M A, Li, Shaorui, Li, Shirley W, Ramirez Delgado, Manuel Alejandro, Singh, Jaydip, Singh, Jyotsna, Smith, Adryanna, Smith, Andrew, Todd, Jacob, Torres de Mello Neto, Joao, DeMuth, David, Dennis, Steve, Densham, Chris, Gregor Recalde, Derlis, De Roeck, Albert, De Romeri, Valentina, Jan De Vries, Joris, Dharmapalan, Ranjan, Diaz, Felix, Diaz, Jorge S, Di Domizio, Sergio, Di Giulio, Letizia, Ding, Pengfei, Di Noto, Lea, Distefano, Carla, Diurba, Richard, Diwan, Milind, Djurcic, Zelimir, Dokania, Neha, Dolinski, Michelle J, Domine, Laura, Douglas, Daniel, Drielsma, Francois, Duchesneau, Dominique, Duffy, Kirsty, Dunne, Patrick, Durkin, Tim, Duyang, Hongyue, Dvornikov, Olexiy, Dwyer, Daniel A, Dyshkant, Alexandre S, Eads, Michael, Edmunds, Daniel, Eisch, Jonathan, Emery, Sandrine, Ereditato, Antonio, Escobar, Carlos O, Escudero Sanchez, Lorena, Evans, Justin, Ewart, E., Ezeribe, Anthony, Fahey, Kevin, Falcone, Andrea, Farnese, Christian, Farzan, Yasaman, Felix, Julian, Fernandez-Martinez, Enrique, Fernandez Menendez, Pablo, Ferraro, Federico, Fields, Laura, Filkins, A., Filthaut, Frank, Fitzpatrick, Rory, Flanagan, Will, Fleming, Bonnie, Flight, Robert, Fowler, Jack, Fox, Walt, Franc, Jiri, Francis, Kurt, Franco, Domenico, Freeman, John, Freestone, Julian, Fried, Jack, Friedland, Alex, Fuess, Stu, Furic, Ivan, Furmanski, Andrew, Gago, A., Gallagher, Hugh, Gallego-Ros, Ana, Gallice, Niccolo, Galymov, Vyacheslav, Gamberini, Enrico, Gamble, Trevor, Gandhi, Raj, Gandrajula, Reddy, Gao, Shanshan, Garcia-Gamez, Diego, García-Peris, Miguel, Gardiner, Steven, Gastler, Dan, Ge, Guanqun, Gelli, Bruno, Gendotti, Adamo, Gent, Stephen, Ghorbani-Moghaddam, Zahra, Gibin, Daniele, Gil-Botella, Ines, Girerd, Claude, Giri, Anjan Kumar, Gnani, D., Gogota, Olga, Gold, Michael, Gollapinni, Sowjanya, Gollwitzer, Keith, Gomes, Ricardo, Gomez Bermeo, Laura Vanessa, Gomez Fajardo, Luz, Gonnella, Francesco, Gonzalez-Cuevas, Juan Alberto, Goodman, Maury, Goodwin, Owen, Goswami, Srubabati, Gotti, Claudio, Goudzovski, Evgueni, Grace, Carl, Graham, Mathew, Gramellini, E., Gran, Rik, Granados, Everardo, Grant, Alan, Grant, Christopher, Gratieri, Diego, Green, Patrick, Green, Steven, Greenler, Leland, Greenwood, M., Greer, Joel, Griffith, Clark, Groh, Micah, Grudzinski, James, Grzelak, Katarzyna, Gu, Wenqiang, Guarino, Victor, Guenette, Roxanne, Guglielmi, Alberto, Guo, Bing, Guthikonda, K K, Gutierrez, Rafael, Guzowski, Pawel, Guzzo, Marcelo, Gwon, Sunwoo, Habig, Alec, Hackenburg, A., Hadavand, Haleh, Haenni, Roger, Hahn, Alan, Haigh, Jennifer, Haiston, James, Hamernik, Thomas, Hamilton, Philip, Han, Jiyeon, Harder, Kristian, Harris, Debbie, Hartnell, Jeffrey, Hasegawa, Takyua, Hatcher, Robert, Hazen, Eric, Heavey, Anne, Heeger, Karsten, Hennessy, Karol, Henry, Sarah, Herner, Kenneth, Hertel, Lars, Hewes, V., Higuera Pichardo, Aaron, Hill, Tony, Hillier, Stephen, Himmel, Alexander, Hoff, James, Hohl, Christian, Holin, Anna, Hoppe, Eric, Horton-Smith, Glenn, Hostert, Matheus, Hourlier, Adrien, Howard, Bruce, Howell, Ryan, Hugon, Justin, Iles, Gregory, Illingworth, Robert, Ioannisian, Ara, Itay, Ran, Izmaylov, Alexander, James, Eric, Jargowsky, B., Jediny, Filip, Jesús-Valls, César, Ji, Xiangpan, Jiang, L., Jiménez, Sergio, Jipa, Alexandru, Johnson, Connor, Johnson, Randy, Jones, Benjamin, Jones, Sebastian, Jung, Chang Kee, Junk, Thomas, Jwa, Yeon-jae, Kabirnezhad, Monireh, Kaboth, Asher, Kadenko, I, Kamiya, Felipe, Karagiorgi, Georgia, Karcher, A., Karolak, Mark, Karyotakis, Yannis, Kasai, Seiji, Kasetti, Siva, Kashur, Lane, Kazaryan, Narine, Kearns, Edward, Keener, Paul, Kelly, Kevin, Kemp, Ernesto, Ketchum, Wes, Kettell, Steve H, Khabibullin, Marat, Khotjantsev, Alexei, Khvedelidze, Arsen, Kim, D., King, Bonnie, Kirby, Brian, Kirby, Mike, Klein, Joshua, Koehler, Kevin, Koerner, Lisa, Kohn, Sam, Koller, Patrick, Kordosky, Mike, Kosc, Thomas, Kose, Umut, Kostelecky, V Alan, Kothekar, Kunal, Krennrich, Frank, Kreslo, Igor, Kudenko, Yury, Kudryavtsev, Vitaly A, Kulagin, Sergey, Kumar, Jason, KUMAR, Rajeev, Kuruppu, Chatura, Kus, Vaclav, Kutter, Thomas, Lambert, A., Lande, Kenneth, Lane, Charles, Lang, Karol, Langford, Thomas, Lasorak, Pierre, Last, David, Lastoria, Chiara, Laundrie, Andy, Lawrence, A., Lazanu, Ionel, LaZur, Ryan, Le, Trung, Learned, John, LeBrun, Patrice, Lehmann Miotto, Giovanna, Lehnert, Ralf, Leitner, M., Leyton, Michael, Li, Lingge, Li, Teng, Li, Yichen, Liao, Heng-Ye, Lin, Cheng-Ju Stephen, Lin, Shih-Kai, Lister, Adam, Littlejohn, Bryce, Liu, J., Lockwitz, Sarah, Loew, Timothy, Lokajicek, Milos, Lomidze, Irakli, Long, Ken, Loo, Kai, Lorca, David, Lord, Tom, LoSecco, John M, Louis, William, Luk, Kam-Biu, Luo, Xiao, Lurkin, Nicolas, Lux, Thorsten, Luzio, Vitor Prestes, MacFarlane, David, Machado, Ana Amelia, Machado, Pedro, Macias, Christopher Thomas, Macier, Jolie R, Maddalena, Antonello, Madigan, Peter, Magill, Steve, Mahn, Kendall, Maio, Amélia, Maloney, James, Mandrioli, Gianni, Maneira, José, Manenti, Laura, Manly, Steve, Mann, Anthony, Manolopoulos, Konstantinos, Manrique Plata, Maria, Marchionni, Alberto, Marciano, William, Marfatia, Danny, Mariani, Camillo, Maricic, Jelena, Marinho, Franciole, Marino, Alysia, Marshak, Marvin, Marshall, Chris, Marshall, John, Marteau, Jacques, Martin-Albo, Justo, Martinez, Norman, Martinez Caicedo, David, Martynenko, Sergey, Mason, Katie, Mastbaum, Andrew, Masud, Mehedi, Matsuno, Shigenobu, Matthews, James, Mauger, Christopher, Mauri, Nicoletta, Mavrokoridis, Konstantinos, Mazza, Roberto, Mazzacane, Anna, Mazzucato, Edoardo, McCluskey, Elaine, McConkey, Nicola, McFarland, Kevin, McGrew, Clark, McNab, Andrew, Mefodiev, Alexander, Mehta, Poonam, Melas, Pantelis, Mellinato, Michele, Mena, Olga, Menary, Scott, Mendes Santos, Lucas, Mendez, Hector, Menegolli, A, Meng, Guang, Messier, Mark, Metcalf, William, Mewes, Matthew, Meyer, Holger, Miao, Ting, Michna, Gregory, Miedema, Thijs, Migenda, Jost, Milincic, Radovan, Miller, William, Mills, Joshua, Milne, Cody, Mineev, Oleg, Miranda, Omar, Miryala, Sandeep, Mishra, C Shekhar, Mishra, Sanjib R, Mislivec, Aaron, Mladenov, Dimitar, Mocioiu, Irina, Moffat, Kristian, Moggi, Niccolo, Mohanta, Rukmani, Mohayai, Tanaz, Mokhov, Nikolai, Molina, Jorge, Molina Bueno, Laura, Montanari, Alessandro, Montanari, Claudio, Montanari, David, Montano Zetina, Luis, Moon, Jarrett, Mooney, Michael, Moreno, Deywis, Morgan, Ben, Morris, Casandra, Mossey, Chris, Motuk, Erdem, Moura, Célio, Mousseau, Joel, Mu, Wei, Mualem, Leon, Mueller, Justin, Muether, Mathew, Mufson, Stuart, Muheim, Franz, Muir, Alan, Mulhearn, Mike, Muramatsu, Hajime, Murphy, Sebastien, Musser, Jim, Nachtman, Jane, Nagu, S., Nalbandyan, Mikayel, Nandakumar, Raja, Naples, Donna, Narita, Shinya, Navas-Nicolas, D., Nayak, Nitish, Nebot-Guinot, Miquel, Necib, Lina, Negishi, Kentaro, Nelson, Jeff, Nesbit, Jake, Nessi, Marzio, Newbold, David, Newcomer, Mitch, Newhart, Duane, Nichol, Ryan, Niner, Evan, Nishimura, Kurtis, Norman, Andrew, Northrop, Rich, Novella, Pau, Nowak, Jaroslaw, Oberling, Michael, Olivares Del Campo, Andres, Olivier, Andrew, Onel, Yasar, Onishchuk, Yuriy, Ott, Jordan, Pagani, Luca, Pakvasa, Sandip, Palamara, Ornella, Palestini, Sandro, Paley, Jonathan, Pallavicini, Marco, Palomares, Carmen, Pantic, Emilija, Paolone, Vittorio, Papadimitriou, Vaia, Papaleo, Riccardo, Papanestis, Antonis, Paramesvaran, Sudarshan, Parke, Stephen, Parsa, Zohreh, Parvu, Mihaela, Pascoli, Silvia, Pasqualini, Laura, Pasternak, Jaroslaw, Pater, Joleen, Patrick, Cheryl, Patrizii, Laura, Patterson, Ryan, Patton, Simon John, Patzak, Thomas, Paudel, Ajib, Paulos, Bob, Paulucci, Laura, Pavlovic, Zarko, Pawloski, Greg, Payne, David, Pec, Viktor, Peeters, Simon, Penichot, Yves, Pennacchio, Elisabetta, Penzo, Aldo, Peres, Orlando, Perry, James, Pershey, Daniel, Pessina, Gianluigi, Petrillo, Gianluca, Petta, Catia, Petti, Roberto, Piastra, Francesco, Pickering, Luke, Pietropaolo, Francesco, Pillow, James, Plunkett, Robert, Poling, Ronald, Pons, Xavier, Poonthottathil, Navaneeth, Pordes, Stephen, Potekhin, Maxim, Potenza, Renato, Potukuchi, B.V.K.S., Pozimski, Juergen, Pozzato, Michele, Prakash, Suprabh, Prakash, Tarun, Prince, Sebastien, Pugnere, Denis, Qi, K., Qian, Xin, Raaf, Jennifer L, Raboanary, R., Radeka, Veljko, Rademacker, Jonas, Radics, Balint, Rafique, Aleena, Raguzin, Eric, Rai, Mousam, Rajaoalisoa, Miriama, Rakhno, Igor, Rakotondramanana, H.T., Rakotondravohitra, Laza, Ramachers, Yorck A, Rameika, Regina, Ramson, Bryan, Rappoldi, A, Raselli, GL, Ratoff, Peter, Ravat, Sylvain, Razafinime, H., Real, Jean-Sebastien, Rebel, Brian, Redondo, David, Reggiani-Guzzo, Marina, Rehak, Tyler, Reichenbacher, Juergen, Reitzner, S, Renshaw, Andrew, Rescia, Sergio, Resnati, Filippo, Reynolds, Aidan, Riccobene, Giorgio, Rice, Logan, Rielage, Keith, Rigaut, Yann-Axel, Rivera, David, Rochester, Leon, Roda, Marco, Rodrigues, Philip, Rodriguez Alonso, Manual Jesus, Rodriguez Rondon, Jairo, Roeth, Alison J, Rogers, Hannah, Rosauro-Alcaraz, Salvador, Rossella, M, Rout, Jogesh, Roy, Samiran, Rubbia, Andre, Rubbia, Carlo, Russell, Brooke, Russell, James, Ruterbories, Daniel, Saakyan, Ruben, Sacerdoti, Sabrina, Safford, Twymun, Sahu, Narendra, Sala, Paola, Samios, Nicholas, Sanchez, Mayly, Sanders, David, Sankey, David, Santana, Samuel, Santos-Maldonado, Marvin, Saoulidou, Niki, Sapienza, Piera, Sarasty, Carlos, Sarcevic, Ina, Savage, Geoffrey, Savinov, Vladimir, Scaramelli, Alberto, Scarff, Andrew, Scarpelli, Andrea, Schaffer, Tom, Schellman, Heidi, Schlabach, Philip, Schmitz, David, Scholberg, Kate, Schukraft, Anne, Segreto, Ettore, Sensenig, Jon, Seong, Ilsoo, Sergi, Antonino, Sergiampietri, F., Sgalaberna, Davide, Shaevitz, Michael H, Shafaq, Sheeba, Shamma, M., Sharma, Hans, Sharma, Rahul, Shaw, Terri, Shepherd-Themistocleous, Claire, Shin, Seodong, Shooltz, Dean, Shrock, Robert, Simard, Laurent, Simos, Nikolaos, Sinclair, James, Sinev, Gleb, Sipos, Roland, Sippach, F W, Sirri, Gabriele, Sitraka, Andriaseta, Siyeon, Kim, Smargianaki, D., Smith, Erica, Smith, Paul, Smolik, Jan, Smy, Michael, Snopok, Pavel, Soares Nunes, Mônica, Sobel, Henry, Soderberg, Mitch, Solano Salinas, Carlos, Söldner-Rembold, Stefan, Solomey, Nicholas, Solovov, Vladimir, Sondheim, Walter, Sorel, Michel, Soto-Oton, Jose, Sousa, Alexandre, Soustruznik, Karel, Spagliardi, Fabio, Spanu, Maura, Spitz, Joshua, Spooner, Neil JC, Spurgeon, Kyle, Staley, Richard, Stancari, Michelle, Stanco, Luca, Steiner, Herbert M, Stewart, James, Stillwell, Ben, Stock, Jason, Stocker, Francesca, Stokes, Tyler, Strait, Matthew, Strauss, Thomas, Striganov, Sergei, Stuart, Alexander, Summers, Don, Surdo, Antonio, Susic, Vasja, Suter, Louise, Sutera, Concetta Maria, Svoboda, Robert, Szczerbinska, Barbara, Szelc, Andrzej, Talaga, Richard, Tanaka, Hirohisa, Tapia Oregui, Beatriz, Tapper, Alexander, Tariq, Salman, Tatar, E., Tayloe, Rex, Teklu, Abraham Meles, Tenti, Matteo, Terao, Kazuhiro, Ternes, Christoph, Terranova, Francesco, Testera, Gemma, Thea, Alessandro, Thompson, Joshua, Thorn, Craig, Timm, Steven C, Tonazzo, Alessandra, Torti, Marta, Tortola, Mariam, Tortorici, Francesco, Totani, Dante, Toups, Matthew, Touramanis, Christos, Trevor, Jason, Trzaska, Wladyslaw, Tsai, Yun-Tse, Tsamalaidze, Zviadi, Tsang, Ka Vang, Tsverava, Nikolozi, Tufanli, Serhan, Tull, Craig, Tyley, E., Tzanov, Martin, Uchida, Melissa, Urheim, Jon, Usher, Tracy, Vagins, Mark R, Vahle, Patricia, Valdiviesso, Gustavo, Valencia, E., Vallari, Zoya, Valle, Jose, Vallecorsa, Sofia, Van Berg, Rick, Van de Water, Richard, Vanegas Forero, David, Varanini, Filippo, Vargas, Danaisis, Varner, Gary, Vasel, Justin, Vasseur, Georges, Vaziri, Kamran, Ventura, Sandro, Verdugo, Antonio, Vergani, Stefano, Vermeulen, Milo, Verzocchi, Marco, Vieira de Souza, Henrique, Vignoli, Chiara, Vilela, Cristovao, Viren, Brett, Vrba, Tomas, Wachala, Tomasz, Waldron, Abigail, Wallbank, Michael, Wang, Hanguo, Wang, Jingbo, Wang, Yi, Wang, Yue, Warburton, Karl, Warner, David, Wascko, Morgan, Waters, David, Watson, Alan, Weatherly, Pierce, Weber, Alfons, Weber, Michele, Wei, Hanyu, Weinstein, Amanda, Wenman, Dan, Wetstein, Matthew, Yang, Shaokai, Zeller, Geralyn (Sam), While, M.R., White, Andy, Whitehead, Leigh, Whittington, Denver, Wilking, Michael, Wilkinson, Callum, Williams, Zachary, Wilson, Fergus, Wilson, Robert, Wolcott, Jeremy, Wongjirad, Taritree, Wood, Kevin, Wood, Lynn, Worcester, Elizabeth, Worcester, Matthew, Wret, Clarence, Wu, Wanwei, Xiao, Y., Yang, Guang, Yang, Tingjun, Yershov, Nikolai, Yonehara, Katsuya, Young, Tim, Yu, Bo, Yu, Jae, Zalesak, Jaroslav, Zambelli, Laura, Zamorano, Bruno, Zani, Andrea, Zazueta, Luis, Zeller, G.P., Zennamo, Joseph, Zeug, Kyle, Zhang, Chao, Zhao, Manhong, Zhivun, Elena, Zhu, Guanying, Zimmerman, Eric, Zito, Marco, Zucchelli, Stefano, Zuklin, Josef, Zutshi, Vishnu, Zwaska, Robert, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), DUNE, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: detector: technology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, hep-ex, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, far detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), time projection chamber: liquid argon, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), neutrino: deep underground detector, near detector, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], High Energy Physics::Experiment, data management, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, physics.ins-det, Particle Physics - Experiment, activity report, detector: design
Abstract: The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay -- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector technical design report (TDR) describes the DUNE physics program and the technical designs of the single- and dual-phase DUNE liquid argon TPC far detector modules. This TDR is intended to justify the technical choices for the far detector that flow down from the high-level physics goals through requirements at all levels of the Project. Volume I contains an executive summary that introduces the DUNE science program, the far detector and the strategy for its modular designs, and the organization and management of the Project. The remainder of Volume I provides more detail on the science program that drives the choice of detector technologies and on the technologies themselves. It also introduces the designs for the DUNE near detector and the DUNE computing model, for which DUNE is planning design reports. Volume II of this TDR describes DUNE's physics program in detail. Volume III describes the technical coordination required for the far detector design, construction, installation, and integration, and its organizational structure. Volume IV describes the single-phase far detector technology. A planned Volume V will describe the dual-phase technology., Comment: Minor corrections made for JINST submission; 244 pages, 114 figures
Published: 2020
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13. Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), Far Detector Technical Design Report, Volume III: DUNE Far Detector Technical Coordination

Author: Abi, Babak, Acciarri, Roberto, Acero, Mario, Adamov, Giorge, Adams, David, Adinolfi, Marco, Ahmad, Zubayer, Ahmed, Jhanzeb, Alion, Tyler, Alonso Monsalve, Saul, Alt, Christoph, Anderson, John, Andreopoulos, Costas, Andrews, Michael P, Andriamirado, Manoa, Andrianala, Fenompanirina, Andringa, Sofia, Ankowski, Artur, Anthony, Jack, Antoniu, Iliescu, Antonova, Maria, Antusch, Stefan, Aranda Fernandez, Alfredo, Ariga, Akitaka, Arnold, Lukas, Arroyave, Manuel, Asaadi, Jonathan, Aurisano, Adam, Aushev, Vladimir, Autiero, Dario, Azfar, Farrukh, Back, Ashley, Back, Henning, Back, John, Backhouse, Chris, Baesso, Paolo, Bagby, Linda, Bajou, Raphael, Balasubramanian, Supraja, Baldi, Pierre, Bambah, Bindu, Barao, Fernando, Barenboim, Gabriela, Barker, Gary J, Barkhouse, Wayne, Barnes, Christopher, Barr, Giles, Barranco Monarca, Juan, Barros, Nuno, Barrow, Joshua, Bashyal, Amit, Basque, Vincent, Bay, Fatih, Bazo Alba, J.L., Beacom, John, Bechetoille, Edouard, Behera, Biswaranjan, Bellantoni, Leo, Bellettini, Giorgio, Bellini, Vincenzo, Beltramello, Olga, Belver, D., Benekos, Nektarios, Bento Neves, Francisco, Berger, Joshua, Berkman, Sophie, Bernardini, Paolo, Berner, Roman, Berns, Hans-Gerd, Bertolucci, Sergio, Betancourt, Minerba, Bezawada, Y., Bhattacharjee, maharnab, Bhuyan, Bipul, Biagi, Simone, Bian, Jianming, Biassoni, Matteo, Biery, Kurt, Bilki, Burak, Bishai, Mary, Bitadze, Alexander, Blake, Andrew, Blanco Siffert, Beatriz, Blaszczyk, Flor de Maria, Blazey, Gerald C, Blucher, Edward, Boissevain, Jan, Bolognesi, Sara, Bolton, Timothy, Bonesini, Maurizio, Bongrand, Mathieu, Bonini, Filiberto, Booth, Alexander, Booth, Chris, Bordoni, Stefania, Borkum, Aran, Boschi, Tommaso, Bostan, Nilay, Bour, Petr, Boyd, Steve B, Boyden, Daniel, Bracinik, Juraj, Braga, Davide, Brailsford, Dominic, Brandt, Andrew, Bremer, Johan, Brew, Chris, Brianne, Eldwan, Brice, Stephen, Brizzolari, Claudia, Bromberg, Carl, Brooijmans, Gustaaf, Brooke, Jim, Bross, Alan, Brunetti, Giulia, Buchanan, Norman, Budd, Howard, Caiulo, Davide, Calafiura, Paolo, Calcutt, Jacob, Calin, Marius, Calvez, Steven, Calvo, Enrique, Camilleri, Leslie, Caminata, Alessio, Campanelli, Mario, Caratelli, David, Carini, Gabriella, Carlus, Bruno, Carniti, Paolo, Caro Terrazas, Ivan, Carranza, Hector, Castillo, Andrés, Castromonte, Cesar, Cattadori, Carla, Cavalier, Fabien, Cavanna, Flavio, Centro, Sandro, Cerati, Giuseppe, Cervelli, Alberto, Cervera Villanueva, Anselmo, Chalifour, Michel, Chang, C., Chardonnet, Etienne, Chatterjee, Animesh, Chattopadhyay, Subhasish, Chaves, Jorge, Chen, Hucheng, Chen, Mu-Chun, Chen, Yifan, Cherdack, Daniel, Chi, Cheng-Yi, Childress, Sam, Chiriacescu, Ana, Cho, Kihyeon, Choubey, Sandhya, Christensen, Anne, Christian, David, Christodoulou, Georgios, Church, Eric, Clarke, Peter, Coan, Thomas, Cocco, Alfredo, Coelho, Joao, Conley, Erin, Conrad, Janet M, Convery, Mark, Corwin, Luke, Cotte, Philippe, Cremaldi, Lucien, Cremonesi, Linda, Crespo-Anadón, Jose I, Cristaldo, Esteban, Cross, Ryan, Cuesta, Clara, Cui, Yanou, Cussans, David, Dabrowski, Mieczyslaw, Da Motta, Helio, Peres, L. Da Silva, David, Quentin, Davies, Gavin, Davini, Stefano, Dawson, Jaime, De, Kaushik, de Almeida, Rogerio, Debbins, Paul, De Bonis, Isabelle, Decowski, M Patrick, de Gouvea, Andre, de Holanda, Pedro, de Icaza Astiz, Iker, Deisting, Alexander, De Jong, Paul, Delbart, Alain, Delepine, David, Delgado, Maritza, Dell'Acqua, Andrea, De Lurgio, Patrick, Ewart, Kevin, Grant, Nick, Hernandez Morquecho, Miguel Angel, Hewes, Jeremy, Huang, Junting, Huang, Junying, Leigui de Oliveira, M A, Li, Shaorui, Li, Shirley W, Ramirez Delgado, Manuel Alejandro, Singh, Jaydip, Singh, Jyotsna, Smith, Adryanna, Smith, Andrew, Todd, Jacob, Torres de Mello Neto, Joao, DeMuth, David, Dennis, Steve, Densham, Chris, Gregor Recalde, Derlis, De Roeck, Albert, De Romeri, Valentina, Jan De Vries, Joris, Dharmapalan, Ranjan, Diaz, Felix, Diaz, Jorge S, Di Domizio, Sergio, Di Giulio, Letizia, Ding, Pengfei, Di Noto, Lea, Distefano, Carla, Diurba, Richard, Diwan, Milind, Djurcic, Zelimir, Dokania, Neha, Dolinski, Michelle J, Domine, Laura, Douglas, Daniel, Drielsma, Francois, Duchesneau, Dominique, Duffy, Kirsty, Dunne, Patrick, Durkin, Tim, Duyang, Hongyue, Dvornikov, Olexiy, Dwyer, Daniel A, Dyshkant, Alexandre S, Eads, Michael, Edmunds, Daniel, Eisch, Jonathan, Emery, Sandrine, Ereditato, Antonio, Escobar, Carlos O, Escudero Sanchez, Lorena, Evans, Justin, Ewart, E., Ezeribe, Anthony, Fahey, Kevin, Falcone, Andrea, Farnese, Christian, Farzan, Yasaman, Felix, Julian, Fernandez-Martinez, Enrique, Fernandez Menendez, Pablo, Ferraro, Federico, Fields, Laura, Filkins, A., Filthaut, Frank, Fitzpatrick, Rory, Flanagan, Will, Fleming, Bonnie, Flight, Robert, Fowler, Jack, Fox, Walt, Franc, Jiri, Francis, Kurt, Franco, Domenico, Freeman, John, Freestone, Julian, Fried, Jack, Friedland, Alex, Fuess, Stu, Furic, Ivan, Furmanski, Andrew, Gago, A., Gallagher, Hugh, Gallego-Ros, Ana, Gallice, Niccolo, Galymov, Vyacheslav, Gamberini, Enrico, Gamble, Trevor, Gandhi, Raj, Gandrajula, Reddy, Gao, Shanshan, Garcia-Gamez, Diego, García-Peris, Miguel, Gardiner, Steven, Gastler, Dan, Ge, Guanqun, Gelli, Bruno, Gendotti, Adamo, Gent, Stephen, Ghorbani-Moghaddam, Zahra, Gibin, Daniele, Gil-Botella, Ines, Girerd, Claude, Giri, Anjan Kumar, Gnani, D., Gogota, Olga, Gold, Michael, Gollapinni, Sowjanya, Gollwitzer, Keith, Gomes, Ricardo, Gomez Bermeo, Laura Vanessa, Gomez Fajardo, Luz, Gonnella, Francesco, Gonzalez-Cuevas, Juan Alberto, Goodman, Maury, Goodwin, Owen, Goswami, Srubabati, Gotti, Claudio, Goudzovski, Evgueni, Grace, Carl, Graham, Mathew, Gramellini, E., Gran, Rik, Granados, Everardo, Grant, Alan, Grant, Christopher, Gratieri, Diego, Green, Patrick, Green, Steven, Greenler, Leland, Greenwood, M., Greer, Joel, Griffith, Clark, Groh, Micah, Grudzinski, James, Grzelak, Katarzyna, Gu, Wenqiang, Guarino, Victor, Guenette, Roxanne, Guglielmi, Alberto, Guo, Bing, Guthikonda, K K, Gutierrez, Rafael, Guzowski, Pawel, Guzzo, Marcelo, Gwon, Sunwoo, Habig, Alec, Hackenburg, A., Hadavand, Haleh, Haenni, Roger, Hahn, Alan, Haigh, Jennifer, Haiston, James, Hamernik, Thomas, Hamilton, Philip, Han, Jiyeon, Harder, Kristian, Harris, Debbie, Hartnell, Jeffrey, Hasegawa, Takyua, Hatcher, Robert, Hazen, Eric, Heavey, Anne, Heeger, Karsten, Hennessy, Karol, Henry, Sarah, Herner, Kenneth, Hertel, Lars, Hewes, V., Higuera Pichardo, Aaron, Hill, Tony, Hillier, Stephen, Himmel, Alexander, Hoff, James, Hohl, Christian, Holin, Anna, Hoppe, Eric, Horton-Smith, Glenn, Hostert, Matheus, Hourlier, Adrien, Howard, Bruce, Howell, Ryan, Hugon, Justin, Iles, Gregory, Illingworth, Robert, Ioannisian, Ara, Itay, Ran, Izmaylov, Alexander, James, Eric, Jargowsky, B., Jediny, Filip, Jesús-Valls, César, Ji, Xiangpan, Jiang, L., Jiménez, Sergio, Jipa, Alexandru, Johnson, Connor, Johnson, Randy, Jones, Benjamin, Jones, Sebastian, Jung, Chang Kee, Junk, Thomas, Jwa, Yeon-jae, Kabirnezhad, Monireh, Kaboth, Asher, Kadenko, I, Kamiya, Felipe, Karagiorgi, Georgia, Karcher, A., Karolak, Mark, Karyotakis, Yannis, Kasai, Seiji, Kasetti, Siva, Kashur, Lane, Kazaryan, Narine, Kearns, Edward, Keener, Paul, Kelly, Kevin, Kemp, Ernesto, Ketchum, Wes, Kettell, Steve H, Khabibullin, Marat, Khotjantsev, Alexei, Khvedelidze, Arsen, Kim, D., King, Bonnie, Kirby, Brian, Kirby, Mike, Klein, Joshua, Koehler, Kevin, Koerner, Lisa, Kohn, Sam, Koller, Patrick, Kordosky, Mike, Kosc, Thomas, Kose, Umut, Kostelecky, V Alan, Kothekar, Kunal, Krennrich, Frank, Kreslo, Igor, Kudenko, Yury, Kudryavtsev, Vitaly A, Kulagin, Sergey, Kumar, Jason, KUMAR, Rajeev, Kuruppu, Chatura, Kus, Vaclav, Kutter, Thomas, Lambert, A., Lande, Kenneth, Lane, Charles, Lang, Karol, Langford, Thomas, Lasorak, Pierre, Last, David, Lastoria, Chiara, Laundrie, Andy, Lawrence, A., Lazanu, Ionel, LaZur, Ryan, Le, Trung, Learned, John, LeBrun, Patrice, Lehmann Miotto, Giovanna, Lehnert, Ralf, Leitner, M., Leyton, Michael, Li, Lingge, Li, Teng, Li, Yichen, Liao, Heng-Ye, Lin, Cheng-Ju Stephen, Lin, Shih-Kai, Lister, Adam, Littlejohn, Bryce, Liu, J., Lockwitz, Sarah, Loew, Timothy, Lokajicek, Milos, Lomidze, Irakli, Long, Ken, Loo, Kai, Lorca, David, Lord, Tom, LoSecco, John M, Louis, William, Luk, Kam-Biu, Luo, Xiao, Lurkin, Nicolas, Lux, Thorsten, Luzio, Vitor Prestes, MacFarlane, David, Machado, Ana Amelia, Machado, Pedro, Macias, Christopher Thomas, Macier, Jolie R, Maddalena, Antonello, Madigan, Peter, Magill, Steve, Mahn, Kendall, Maio, Amélia, Maloney, James, Mandrioli, Gianni, Maneira, José, Manenti, Laura, Manly, Steve, Mann, Anthony, Manolopoulos, Konstantinos, Manrique Plata, Maria, Marchionni, Alberto, Marciano, William, Marfatia, Danny, Mariani, Camillo, Maricic, Jelena, Marinho, Franciole, Marino, Alysia, Marshak, Marvin, Marshall, Chris, Marshall, John, Marteau, Jacques, Martin-Albo, Justo, Martinez, Norman, Martinez Caicedo, David, Martynenko, Sergey, Mason, Katie, Mastbaum, Andrew, Masud, Mehedi, Matsuno, Shigenobu, Matthews, James, Mauger, Christopher, Mauri, Nicoletta, Mavrokoridis, Konstantinos, Mazza, Roberto, Mazzacane, Anna, Mazzucato, Edoardo, McCluskey, Elaine, McConkey, Nicola, McFarland, Kevin, McGrew, Clark, McNab, Andrew, Mefodiev, Alexander, Mehta, Poonam, Melas, Pantelis, Mellinato, Michele, Mena, Olga, Menary, Scott, Mendes Santos, Lucas, Mendez, Hector, Menegolli, A, Meng, Guang, Messier, Mark, Metcalf, William, Mewes, Matthew, Meyer, Holger, Miao, Ting, Michna, Gregory, Miedema, Thijs, Migenda, Jost, Milincic, Radovan, Miller, William, Mills, Joshua, Milne, Cody, Mineev, Oleg, Miranda, Omar, Miryala, Sandeep, Mishra, C Shekhar, Mishra, Sanjib R, Mislivec, Aaron, Mladenov, Dimitar, Mocioiu, Irina, Moffat, Kristian, Moggi, Niccolo, Mohanta, Rukmani, Mohayai, Tanaz, Mokhov, Nikolai, Molina, Jorge, Molina Bueno, Laura, Montanari, Alessandro, Montanari, Claudio, Montanari, David, Montano Zetina, Luis, Moon, Jarrett, Mooney, Michael, Moreno, Deywis, Morgan, Ben, Morris, Casandra, Mossey, Chris, Motuk, Erdem, Moura, Célio, Mousseau, Joel, Mu, Wei, Mualem, Leon, Mueller, Justin, Muether, Mathew, Mufson, Stuart, Muheim, Franz, Muir, Alan, Mulhearn, Mike, Muramatsu, Hajime, Murphy, Sebastien, Musser, Jim, Nachtman, Jane, Nagu, S., Nalbandyan, Mikayel, Nandakumar, Raja, Naples, Donna, Narita, Shinya, Navas-Nicolas, D., Nayak, Nitish, Nebot-Guinot, Miquel, Necib, Lina, Negishi, Kentaro, Nelson, Jeff, Nesbit, Jake, Nessi, Marzio, Newbold, David, Newcomer, Mitch, Newhart, Duane, Nichol, Ryan, Niner, Evan, Nishimura, Kurtis, Norman, Andrew, Northrop, Rich, Novella, Pau, Nowak, Jaroslaw, Oberling, Michael, Olivares Del Campo, Andres, Olivier, Andrew, Onel, Yasar, Onishchuk, Yuriy, Ott, Jordan, Pagani, Luca, Pakvasa, Sandip, Palamara, Ornella, Palestini, Sandro, Paley, Jonathan, Pallavicini, Marco, Palomares, Carmen, Pantic, Emilija, Paolone, Vittorio, Papadimitriou, Vaia, Papaleo, Riccardo, Papanestis, Antonis, Paramesvaran, Sudarshan, Parke, Stephen, Parsa, Zohreh, Parvu, Mihaela, Pascoli, Silvia, Pasqualini, Laura, Pasternak, Jaroslaw, Pater, Joleen, Patrick, Cheryl, Patrizii, Laura, Patterson, Ryan, Patton, Simon John, Patzak, Thomas, Paudel, Ajib, Paulos, Bob, Paulucci, Laura, Pavlovic, Zarko, Pawloski, Greg, Payne, David, Pec, Viktor, Peeters, Simon, Penichot, Yves, Pennacchio, Elisabetta, Penzo, Aldo, Peres, Orlando, Perry, James, Pershey, Daniel, Pessina, Gianluigi, Petrillo, Gianluca, Petta, Catia, Petti, Roberto, Piastra, Francesco, Pickering, Luke, Pietropaolo, Francesco, Pillow, James, Plunkett, Robert, Poling, Ronald, Pons, Xavier, Poonthottathil, Navaneeth, Pordes, Stephen, Potekhin, Maxim, Potenza, Renato, Potukuchi, B.V.K.S., Pozimski, Juergen, Pozzato, Michele, Prakash, Suprabh, Prakash, Tarun, Prince, Sebastien, Pugnere, Denis, Qi, K., Qian, Xin, Raaf, Jennifer L, Raboanary, R., Radeka, Veljko, Rademacker, Jonas, Radics, Balint, Rafique, Aleena, Raguzin, Eric, Rai, Mousam, Rajaoalisoa, Miriama, Rakhno, Igor, Rakotondramanana, H.T., Rakotondravohitra, Laza, Ramachers, Yorck A, Rameika, Regina, Ramson, Bryan, Rappoldi, A, Raselli, GL, Ratoff, Peter, Ravat, Sylvain, Razafinime, H., Real, Jean-Sebastien, Rebel, Brian, Redondo, David, Reggiani-Guzzo, Marina, Rehak, Tyler, Reichenbacher, Juergen, Reitzner, S, Renshaw, Andrew, Rescia, Sergio, Resnati, Filippo, Reynolds, Aidan, Riccobene, Giorgio, Rice, Logan, Rielage, Keith, Rigaut, Yann-Axel, Rivera, David, Rochester, Leon, Roda, Marco, Rodrigues, Philip, Rodriguez Alonso, Manual Jesus, Rodriguez Rondon, Jairo, Roeth, Alison J, Rogers, Hannah, Rosauro-Alcaraz, Salvador, Rossella, M, Rout, Jogesh, Roy, Samiran, Rubbia, Andre, Rubbia, Carlo, Russell, Brooke, Russell, James, Ruterbories, Daniel, Saakyan, Ruben, Sacerdoti, Sabrina, Safford, Twymun, Sahu, Narendra, Sala, Paola, Samios, Nicholas, Sanchez, Mayly, Sanders, David, Sankey, David, Santana, Samuel, Santos-Maldonado, Marvin, Saoulidou, Niki, Sapienza, Piera, Sarasty, Carlos, Sarcevic, Ina, Savage, Geoffrey, Savinov, Vladimir, Scaramelli, Alberto, Scarff, Andrew, Scarpelli, Andrea, Schaffer, Tom, Schellman, Heidi, Schlabach, Philip, Schmitz, David, Scholberg, Kate, Schukraft, Anne, Segreto, Ettore, Sensenig, Jon, Seong, Ilsoo, Sergi, Antonino, Sergiampietri, F., Sgalaberna, Davide, Shaevitz, Michael H, Shafaq, Sheeba, Shamma, M., Sharma, Hans, Sharma, Rahul, Shaw, Terri, Shepherd-Themistocleous, Claire, Shin, Seodong, Shooltz, Dean, Shrock, Robert, Simard, Laurent, Simos, Nikolaos, Sinclair, James, Sinev, Gleb, Sipos, Roland, Sippach, F W, Sirri, Gabriele, Sitraka, Andriaseta, Siyeon, Kim, Smargianaki, D., Smith, Erica, Smith, Paul, Smolik, Jan, Smy, Michael, Snopok, Pavel, Soares Nunes, Mônica, Sobel, Henry, Soderberg, Mitch, Solano Salinas, Carlos, Söldner-Rembold, Stefan, Solomey, Nicholas, Solovov, Vladimir, Sondheim, Walter, Sorel, Michel, Soto-Oton, Jose, Sousa, Alexandre, Soustruznik, Karel, Spagliardi, Fabio, Spanu, Maura, Spitz, Joshua, Spooner, Neil JC, Spurgeon, Kyle, Staley, Richard, Stancari, Michelle, Stanco, Luca, Steiner, Herbert M, Stewart, James, Stillwell, Ben, Stock, Jason, Stocker, Francesca, Stokes, Tyler, Strait, Matthew, Strauss, Thomas, Striganov, Sergei, Stuart, Alexander, Summers, Don, Surdo, Antonio, Susic, Vasja, Suter, Louise, Sutera, Concetta Maria, Svoboda, Robert, Szczerbinska, Barbara, Szelc, Andrzej, Talaga, Richard, Tanaka, Hirohisa, Tapia Oregui, Beatriz, Tapper, Alexander, Tariq, Salman, Tatar, E., Tayloe, Rex, Teklu, Abraham Meles, Tenti, Matteo, Terao, Kazuhiro, Ternes, Christoph, Terranova, Francesco, Testera, Gemma, Thea, Alessandro, Thompson, Joshua, Thorn, Craig, Timm, Steven C, Tonazzo, Alessandra, Torti, Marta, Tortola, Mariam, Tortorici, Francesco, Totani, Dante, Toups, Matthew, Touramanis, Christos, Trevor, Jason, Trzaska, Wladyslaw, Tsai, Yun-Tse, Tsamalaidze, Zviadi, Tsang, Ka Vang, Tsverava, Nikolozi, Tufanli, Serhan, Tull, Craig, Tyley, E., Tzanov, Martin, Uchida, Melissa, Urheim, Jon, Usher, Tracy, Vagins, Mark R, Vahle, Patricia, Valdiviesso, Gustavo, Valencia, E., Vallari, Zoya, Valle, Jose, Vallecorsa, Sofia, Van Berg, Rick, Van de Water, Richard, Vanegas Forero, David, Varanini, Filippo, Vargas, Danaisis, Varner, Gary, Vasel, Justin, Vasseur, Georges, Vaziri, Kamran, Ventura, Sandro, Verdugo, Antonio, Vergani, Stefano, Vermeulen, Milo, Verzocchi, Marco, Vieira de Souza, Henrique, Vignoli, Chiara, Vilela, Cristovao, Viren, Brett, Vrba, Tomas, Wachala, Tomasz, Waldron, Abigail, Wallbank, Michael, Wang, Hanguo, Wang, Jingbo, Wang, Yi, Wang, Yue, Warburton, Karl, Warner, David, Wascko, Morgan, Waters, David, Watson, Alan, Weatherly, Pierce, Weber, Alfons, Weber, Michele, Wei, Hanyu, Weinstein, Amanda, Wenman, Dan, Wetstein, Matthew, Yang, Shaokai, Zeller, Geralyn (Sam), While, M.R., White, Andy, Whitehead, Leigh, Whittington, Denver, Wilking, Michael, Wilkinson, Callum, Williams, Zachary, Wilson, Fergus, Wilson, Robert, Wolcott, Jeremy, Wongjirad, Taritree, Wood, Kevin, Wood, Lynn, Worcester, Elizabeth, Worcester, Matthew, Wret, Clarence, Wu, Wanwei, Xiao, Y., Yang, Guang, Yang, Tingjun, Yershov, Nikolai, Yonehara, Katsuya, Young, Tim, Yu, Bo, Yu, Jae, Zalesak, Jaroslav, Zambelli, Laura, Zamorano, Bruno, Zani, Andrea, Zazueta, Luis, Zeller, G.P., Zennamo, Joseph, Zeug, Kyle, Zhang, Chao, Zhao, Manhong, Zhivun, Elena, Zhu, Guanying, Zimmerman, Eric, Zito, Marco, Zucchelli, Stefano, Zuklin, Josef, Zutshi, Vishnu, Zwaska, Robert, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), DUNE, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: safety, Neutrino Oscillations. Neutrino detectors, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, hep-ex, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, engineering, far detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), fabrication, time projection chamber: liquid argon, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), neutrino: deep underground detector, quality, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], High Energy Physics::Experiment, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, physics.ins-det, Particle Physics - Experiment, activity report
Abstract: The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay -- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector technical design report (TDR) describes the DUNE physics program and the technical designs of the single- and dual-phase DUNE liquid argon TPC far detector modules. Volume III of this TDR describes how the activities required to design, construct, fabricate, install, and commission the DUNE far detector modules are organized and managed. This volume details the organizational structures that will carry out and/or oversee the planned far detector activities safely, successfully, on time, and on budget. It presents overviews of the facilities, supporting infrastructure, and detectors for context, and it outlines the project-related functions and methodologies used by the DUNE technical coordination organization, focusing on the areas of integration engineering, technical reviews, quality assurance and control, and safety oversight. Because of its more advanced stage of development, functional examples presented in this volume focus primarily on the single-phase (SP) detector module., Minor corrections made for JINST submission, 209 pages, 55 figures (updated typos in Table A.5; corrected errors in author list)
Published: 2020
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14. Microstructures and physical properties in carbonate rocks: A comprehensive review

Author: Philippe Robion, J.B. Regnet, Beatriz Menéndez, Christian David, CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement Cergy (GEC), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE (I-MAT), CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), and Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine
Subjects: Cement, Research groups, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stratigraphy, Pore scale, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, Microstructure, 01 natural sciences, Permeability (earth sciences), Geophysics, Carbonate rock, Economic Geology, Porosity, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Carbonate rocks are well-known to be tremendously heterogeneous. They mainly consist of component particles (from biological and non-biological origin) embedded in a lime-mud matrix and/or in a cement (composed of even smaller particles). The size, shape, density and spatial arrangement of those particles, alongside with natural fractures and cracks (although those are certainly not exclusive to carbonate rocks), define a microstructural pattern that is known to have a great influence on rock physical properties. Thus, to understand carbonate rock systems at large scales (formation, reservoir …), geophysicists have to study them at the pore scale, hoping to resolve the so-called “upscalling” problem. With this in mind, unravelling and identifying the relations between physical properties and carbonate rock microstructures is paramount for a global comprehension of a carbonate rock system. Since the late nineties, several research groups and authors have worked on documenting and providing significant insights into the microstructural parameters controlling the physical response of several rock properties (porosity, permeability, electrical conductivity, elastic, seismic and mechanical properties …) in carbonates. This article proposes a review of this specialized literature, from the early and recent contributions in rock physics, with emphasis on the recent studies on carbonate rocks from the Paris basin.
Published: 2019
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15. Numerical Simulation of Deformation Band Occurrence and the Associated Stress Field during the Growth of a Fault-Propagation Fold

Author: Pauline Souloumiac, Philippe Robion, Romain Robert, Christian David, Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement Cergy (GEC), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE (I-MAT), and CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)
Subjects: deformation bands, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], stress field, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Anticline, Tremp basin, Geometry, Fold (geology), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, fault-propagation fold, Stress field, lcsh:Geology, Tectonics, porous media, Limit analysis, Shear (geology), Facies, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Deformation bands, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Knowledge of the paleo-stress distribution is crucial to understand the fracture set up and orientations during the tectonic evolution of a basin, and thus the corresponding fluid flow patterns in a reservoir. This study aims to predict the main stress orientations and evolution during the growth of a fold by using the limit analysis method. Fourteen different steps have been integrated as 2D cross sections from an early stage to an evolved stage of a schematic and balanced propagation fold. The stress evolution was followed during the time and burial of syn tectonic layers localized in front of the thrust. Numerical simulations were used to predict the occurrence and orientation of deformation bands, i.e., compaction and shear bands, by following the kinematic of a fault-propagation fold. The case study of the Sant-Corneli-Boixols anticline was selected, located in the South Central Pyrenees in the Tremp basin, to constrain the dimension of the starting models (or prototypes) used in our numerical simulations. The predictions of the numerical simulations were compared to field observations of an early occurrence of both pure compaction- and shear-enhanced compaction bands in the syn-tectonic Aren formation located in front of the fold, which are subjected to early layer parallel shortening during the burial history. Stress magnitude and stress ratio variations define the type of deformation band produced. Our results show that the band occurrence depends on the yield envelope of the host material and that a small yield envelope is required for these shallow depths, which can only be explained by the heterogeneity of the host rock facies. In our case, the heterogeneity can be explained by a significant contribution of carbonate bioclasts in the calcarenite rock, which change the mechanical behavior of the whole rock.
Published: 2019
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16. Petrophysical and Geotechnical Evaluation of Mesozoic Rocks from Central Lebanon

Author: Mohamed K. Salah, Ali J. Monzer, Christian David, Mohammad Alqudah, and Girard, Solène
Subjects: Calcite, Sedimentary depositional environment, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Dolomite, Petrophysics, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Carbonate rock, Mineralogy, Porosity, Quartz, Geology, Diagenesis
Abstract: Summary We conducted several petrophysical measurements on forty nine core samples collected from the Jurassic and Cretaceous strata exposed at west central Lebanon to evaluate their petrophysical and elastic properties and study the effects of the depositional conditions, sediment composition, and subsequent diagenetic processes on the measured parameters. First, these rocks were petrographically studied to identify the lithofacies, porosity, and the main diagenetic features. In addition, these rocks were investigated under the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to identify their mineralogy. The petrophysical measurements were performed on the core samples where porosity, permeability, bulk and grain densities were first determined, followed by measuring the seismic wave velocities. The main lithofacies of these rocks can be categorized mainly into carbonates and siliciclastics. The SEM and XRD analyses revealed that the main constituting minerals are calcite, quartz, dolomite, beside other accessory minerals. The studied rocks have generally low to moderate porosity, moderate to high bulk density, and very low permeability. The average Vp and Vs are 4263, and 2323 m/s, respectively, giving a Vp/Vs ratio of 1.83. We further calculated the elastic moduli of the studied rocks and established a number of relationships between the measured petrophysical and acoustic properties to examine their mutual interdependence and evaluate the effects of porosity, rock composition, depositional and diagenetic processes on the measured rock characteristics. We found that some samples, mainly carbonates, deviate significantly from the expected porosity-velocity and density-velocity trends. It is thought that coring-induced microcracking, originally-present micro- and intercrystalline pores in these carbonate rocks may account for these outliers.
Published: 2019

17. KG²B, a collaborative benchmarking exercise for estimating the permeability of the Grimsel granodiorite – Part 1: measurements, pressure dependence and pore-fluid effects

Author: Tiziana Vanorio, R. Lenormand, Pierre Delage, Christian David, Philip G. Meredith, Fleury. M., Alain Sommier, Philipp Braun, A. Amann Hildenbrand, Lionel Esteban, Ernest H. Rutter, Thomas M. Mitchell, B.M. Krooss, John Browning, J. Billiotte, G. Berthe, Yves Jannot, L. Louis, Reinhard Fink, Laurent Perrier, E. Jahns, Catherine A. Davy, Didier Loggia, P. J. Polito, Jop Klaver, Anthony C. Clark, Didier Lasseux, David A. Lockner, Franck Nono, Joel Sarout, Claudio Madonna, A.P.S. Selvadurai, G. Boitnott, J. Wassermann, Florian Amann, Qinhong Hu, Jérôme Fortin, David Grégoire, Thierry Reuschlé, Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement Cergy (GEC), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE (I-MAT), Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine, Laboratoire de mécanique et matériaux du génie civil (L2MGC), IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), RWTH Aachen University, MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Ecole Centrale de Lille, École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Laboratoire des Fluides Complexes et leurs Réservoirs (LFCR), TOTAL FINA ELF-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Texas at Arlington [Arlington], Gesteinslabor, Transferts, écoulements, fluides, énergétique (TREFLE), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cydarex, United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), New England Research Institutes (NERI), Geological Institute [ETH Zürich], Department of Earth Sciences [ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)-Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Earth Sciences [UCL london], University College of London [London] (UCL), Université de Montpellier (UM), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), University of Manchester [Manchester], Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), McGill University, Stanford University [Stanford], Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centrale Lille, Department of Earth Sciences [Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Stanford University, and CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)
Subjects: Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Klinkenberg correction, Hydrogeophysics, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Soil science, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Overburden pressure, 01 natural sciences, Standard deviation, Permeability (earth sciences), Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology, Sample size determination, Representative elementary volume, Permeability and porosity, Knudsen number, Microstructure, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract: International audience; Measuring the permeability of tight rocks remains a challenging task. In addition to the traditional sources of errors that affect more permeable formations (e.g. sample selection, non-representative specimens, disturbance introduced during sample acquisition and preparation), tight rocks can be particularly prone to solid–fluid interactions and thus more sensitive to the methods, procedures and techniques used to measure permeability. To address this problem, it is desirable to collect, for a single material, measurements obtained by different methods and pore-fluids. For that purpose a collaborative benchmarking exercise involving 24 laboratories was organized for measuring the permeability of a single low permeability material, the Grimsel granodiorite, at a common effective confining pressure (5 MPa). The objectives of the benchmark were: (i) to compare the results for a given method, (ii) to compare the results between different methods, (iii) to analyze the accuracy of each method, (iv) to study the influence of experimental conditions (especially the nature of pore fluid), (v) to discuss the relevance of indirect methods and models and finally (vi) to suggest good practice for low permeability measurements. In total 39 measurements were collected that allowed us to discuss the influence of (i) pore-fluid, (ii) measurement method, (iii) sample size and (iv) pressure sensitivity. Discarding some outliers from the bulk data set (4 out of 39) an average permeability of 1.11 × 10−18 m² with a standard deviation of 0.57 × 10−18 m² was obtained. The most striking result was the large difference in permeability for gas measurements compared to liquid measurements. Regardless of the method used, gas permeability was higher than liquid permeability by a factor approximately 2 (kgas = 1.28 × 10−18 m² compared to kliquid = 0.65 × 10−18 m²). Possible explanations are that (i) liquid permeability was underestimated due to fluid-rock interactions (ii) gas permeability was overestimated due to insufficient correction for gas slippage and/or (iii) gases and liquids do not probe exactly the same porous networks. The analysis of Knudsen numbers shows that the gas permeability measurements were performed in conditions for which the Klinkenberg correction is sufficient. Smaller samples had a larger scatter of permeability values, suggesting that their volume were below the Representative Elementary Volume. The pressure dependence of permeability was studied by some of the participating teams in the range 1–30 MPa and could be fitted to an exponential law k = ko.exp(–γPeff) with γ = 0.093 MPa−1. Good practice rules for measuring permeability in tight materials are also provided.
Published: 2018
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18. Characterization of a two-channel, high resolution hard x-ray microscope using Fresnel zone plates for laser-plasma interaction experiments

Author: A Do, Christian David, A Chaleil, M Briat, P Troussel, M Lebugle, C Rubbelynck, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Lasers, Plasmas et Procédés photoniques (LP3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Fresnel zone, Materials science, business.industry, Resolution (electron density), Synchrotron radiation, Context (language use), Laser, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optics, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Femtosecond, business, Instrumentation, Inertial confinement fusion, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, X-ray microscope
Abstract: New X-ray imaging techniques are currently being developed at the "Commissariat a l'energie atomique et aux energies alternatives" in the context of Inertial Confinement Fusion. Fresnel zone plates (FZPs) are being considered as they can perform high-resolution and high-flux imaging in the X-ray domain. Here we present the characterization of a bi-lens FZPs resolution used in an imager prototype, designed for the LULI2000 laser facility. Characterization was performed on a synchrotron radiation facility and on a femtosecond laser facility. The resolution of the two FZP channels was measured to be between 2.4 μm and 5.2 μm and the expected total resolution for the diagnostic was to be 3.3 μm.
Published: 2018
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19. Diamond: a gem for micro-optics

Author: Gediminas Seniutinas, Etienne Brasselet, Armandas Balčytis, Saulius Juodkazis, Christian David, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine (LOMA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Micro-Photonics [Hawthorn], Swinburne University of Technology [Melbourne]-Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences (FEIS), Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication (MCN), Australian National Fabrication Facility, and European Project: 654360,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,NFFA-Europe(2015)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Diamond, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Solar energy, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Engineering physics, 010309 optics, Quantum technology, All optical, Mechanics of Materials, 0103 physical sciences, engineering, General Materials Science, Photonics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Materials
Abstract: International audience; Photonics have developed greatly over the last several decades and brought about a variety of new concepts in communica tions, sensing, solar energy and many other fields. With the emerging applications of quantum technologies and all optical data processing, the impact of photonics on technology is unde niable, as evidenced through the International Year of Light and Light based Technologies in 2015.
Published: 2018
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20. Fault imprint in clay units: Magnetic fabric, p-wave velocity, structural and mineralogical signatures

Author: Emeline Moubeche, Catherine Homberg, Eva Moreno, Pierre Dick, Alain Person, Arthur du Peloux, Christian David, Audrey Bonnelye, Johann Schnyder, Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Institut de Géologie et d'Hydrogéologie, Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement Cergy (GEC), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE (I-MAT), CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Laboratoire d'Etude et de recherche sur les Transferts et les Installations dans les Sols (IRSN/PRP-DGE/SRTG/LETIS), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and PRP-DGE/SRTG/LETIS
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Fault (geology), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Strike-slip fault, Compression (geology), Petrology, Anisotropy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Siderite, P-wave velocity, Petrophysics, Strike-slip tectonics, Tournemire, Clay minerals, Tectonics, Geophysics, Sinistral and dextral, Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, Fracture (geology), Geology
Abstract: International audience; We investigated the evolution of the structure, physical properties and fluid flow properties across a fault zone within the Toarcian shale formation from the Tournemire Underground Research Laboratory (France). With this purpose, an integrated approach was used based on the analysis of petrofabric (anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, AMS, and of p-wave velocity, APV) and the mineralogy of two cores intercepting the F2 fault, a strike-slip fault with a small vertical offset.The fracture patterns indicated that the fault registered a multiphase tectonic evolution. Two strike-slip regimes, with approximate NE-SW and NW-SE compression, and a normal regime with a WNW-ESE direction of extension were identified. Most of the N-S fault planes collected in TF1 core, have a shallow dip with values between 5° to 45°. We further evidenced a close relationship between the fault architecture and petrophysical properties. A preferential NW-SE orientation of the K1 axes was observed that is in agreement with the extensional direction of the dextral movement of the fault. Within the fault core, an important decrease in anisotropy was observed and indicates clay platelets rotations related to tectonic deformation. A weaker anisotropic change was observed in ASM1. This difference may be related to the local variability of the fault zone and suggests the need to study the characteristics of a fault zone both across its different architectural zones and along the main fracture plan. Finally, we identified evidence of minerals alteration related to fault reactivation and fluid circulation. Fluid circulation enabled the transformation of siderite in magnetite, a neo-formation of kaolinite and a precipitation of calcite were at vicinity of the damage zone/fault core boundary. In TF1, while the major mineralogical changes occur in the damage zone. In ASM1, a higher illite-smectite mixed layers and calcite content was observed in the eastern side of the fault.
Published: 2018
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21. Deformation bands, early markers of tectonic activity in front of a fold-and-thrust belt: Example from the Tremp-Graus basin, southern Pyrenees, Spain

Author: Elodie Saillet, Philippe Robion, Romain Robert, Pauline Souloumiac, Christian David, Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement Cergy (GEC), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE (I-MAT), Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine, Université Paris-Seine, UniLaSalle, and CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Bedding, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, Fold (geology), Cataclastic rock, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Calcarenite, Tectonics, Shear (geology), [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Fold and thrust belt, Deformation bands, Petrology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Strain localization in a porous calcarenite facies of the Aren formation in the Tremp basin was studied. This Maastrichtian syn-tectonic formation exposed in front of the Boixols thrust, in the Central South Pyrenean Zone, hosts bedding perpendicular deformation bands. These bands are organized in two major band sets, striking East-West and N-020 respectively. Both populations formed during early deformation stages linked to the growth of the fold and thrust. A magnetic fabric study (Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility, AMS) was carried out to constrain the shortening direction responsible for the deformation bands development during the upper Cretaceous-Paleocene N-S contraction in the region, which allowed us to define populations of Pure Compaction Bands (PCB) and Shear Enhanced Compaction Bands (SECB) regarding their orientations compared to the shortening direction. Both sets are formed by cataclastic deformation, but more intense in the case of SECBs, which are also thinner than PCBs. The initial pore space is both mechanically reduced and chemically filled by several cementation phases. We propose a geomechanical model based on the regional context of layer parallel shortening, thrusting and strike-slip tectonics considering the burial history of the formation, in order to explain the development of both types of bands at remarkably shallow depths.
Published: 2018
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22. Nanoimprint stamps with ultra-high resolution: Optimal fabrication techniques

Author: Anette Löfstrand, Mariusz Graczyk, Dominique Mailly, Christian David, Gediminias Seniutinas, Andrea Cattoni, Ivan Maximov, Benedikt Rösner, Anders Kvennefors, Department of Physics, Mathematical Physics, Lund University, Lund University [Lund], Centre de Nanosciences et Nanotechnologies (C2N (UMR_9001)), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI)
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Materials science, Fabrication, business.industry, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Ultra high resolution, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Nanoimprint lithography, law.invention, Resist, law, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, Nanometre, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: International audience; Single-digit nanometer patterning by nanoimprint lithography is a challenging task, which requires optimum stamp fabrication technique. In the current work, we present different strategies for technology of hard master stamps to make intermediate working stamps with sub-10 nm features. Methods of both negative and positive master stamps fabrication, based on EBL, RIE and ALD are described and compared. A single-step copying of negative master stamps using a polymer material is a preferred strategy to reach the ultra high-resolution. Lines as small as 5.6 nm are demonstrated in a resist using a combined thermal and UV-imprint with OrmoStamp material as a working stamp.
Published: 2018
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23. Advances in indirect detector systems for ultra high-speed hard X-ray imaging with synchrotron light

Author: T. de Rességuier, Christian David, Pierre Pradel, P. Vagovič, Margie P. Olbinado, Joerg Grenzer, Marie-Christine Zdora, Alexander Rack, Vitaliy A. Guzenko, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institut Pprime (PPRIME), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ENDOmmagement et durabilité ENDO (ENDO), Département Physique et Mécanique des Matériaux (Département Physique et Mécanique des Matériaux), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pprime (PPRIME), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Photon Sci & Synchrotron Radiat, ANKA Light Source, D-76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
Subjects: Ultra high speed, Materials science, X-ray diffraction detectors, [PHYS.MPHY]Physics [physics]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], 02 engineering and technology, Inspection with x-rays, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, Optics, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], law, 0103 physical sciences, High spatial resolution, Diffraction topography, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], [PHYS.MECA.BIOM]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, 010302 applied physics, [SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], [PHYS.MECA.VIBR]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Vibrations [physics.class-ph], business.industry, [SPI.FLUID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment, Detector, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, X-ray, X-ray detectors, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [PHYS.MECA.MSMECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Materials and structures in mechanics [physics.class-ph], 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Frame rate, Synchrotron, [PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Beamline, [PHYS.MECA.THER]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: International audience; We report on indirect X-ray detector systems for various full-field, ultra high-speed X-ray imaging methodologies, such as X-ray phase-contrast radiography, diffraction topography, grating interferometry and speckle-based imaging performed at the hard X-ray imaging beamline ID19 of the European Synchrotron—ESRF. Our work highlights the versatility of indirect X-ray detectors to multiple goals such as single synchrotron pulse isolation, multiple-frame recording up to millions frames per second, high efficiency, and high spatial resolution. Besides the technical advancements, potential applications are briefly introduced and discussed.
Published: 2018
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24. Sub-10 nm electron and helium ion beam lithography using a recently developed alumina resist

Author: Olivier Dalstein, Benedikt Rösner, Dominique Mailly, Christian David, Marco Faustini, Andrea Cattoni, Gediminas Seniutinas, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Marcoussis] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Matériaux Hybrides et Nanomatériaux (LCMCP-MHN), Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI)
Subjects: Materials science, Ion beam, Silicon, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, Ion beam lithography, 01 natural sciences, sol-gel based resist, 0103 physical sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Reactive-ion etching, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 010302 applied physics, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Aspect ratio (image), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electron Beam Lithography, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, Resist, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Helium FIB, Electron-beam lithography
Abstract: International audience; Electron beam lithography (EBL) at sub-10 nm resolution is mainly limited by resist contrast and proximity effects. In this work, we investigate the use of a recently developed alumina-based resist as a negative-tone resist for electron EBL at 100 keV and focused helium ion beam lithography (FHIBL). The resist is synthesized using a sol-gel method and turns into a near completely inorganic alumina system when exposed to the electron/ion beam. We first investigate the effect on the resist contrast curve on i) development temperature; ii) stability of the resist after exposure and before post-baking and development; and iii) aging of the resist solution. We demonstrate the patterning of isolated features as small as 6.5 nm using an EBL and 5 nm using FHIBL and a resolution down to 10 nm for FHIB exposed films. Finally, we demonstrate the pattern transfer of 10 nm lines with an aspect ratio of 10 in silicon, using an optimized reactive ion etching process.
Published: 2018
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25. The KG 2 B Project: A World-Wide Benchmark of Low Permeability Measurement

Author: Christian David, null null, J. Wassermann, and CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)
Subjects: Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Low permeability, Benchmark (computing), [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 01 natural sciences, World wide, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Computational science
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017
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26. X-Ray CT scanning imaging for the Nubia sandstone as a tool for characterizing its capillary properties

Author: Bassem S. Nabawy, Christian David, and CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Water flow, Capillary action, X-ray, Mineralogy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Aquifer, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Permeability (earth sciences), General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Imbibition, Anisotropy, Porosity, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract: The Nubia sandstone is among the most important aquifers/reservoirs system in and around the Gulf of Suez province in Egypt. It is composed of very fine to coarse siliceous highly porous sandstone. It can be differentiated into four formations, named Araba, Naqus, Abu Durba and Malha. The capillary imbibition properties of the Nubia sandstone have been studied using two different techniques: 1) Increasing mass against time and 2) X-Ray CT scanning imaging. Both methods are valuable in characterizing the different capillary properties of the studied rocks, i.e., the coefficient of capillary ‘C’ (measured in g/(cm2.s1/2) using the first method and the capillary parameter ‘A’ (measured in cm/s1/2) using the second one. In addition, porosity (17.7 to 23.5%) was measured using two techniques: 1) Water saturation under vacuum, and 2) mercury injection ‘MICP’ under high pressure. The mercury injection test indicated homogeneity in the pore throat distribution of the studied samples. Liquid permeability (41.6 to 374.2 md) was measured using water flow; it is very good to excellent and mostly controlled by the rock porosity and average pore throat diameter. Both capillary parameters ‘A’ and ‘C’ show a positive correlation with permeability. On a limited set of samples the anisotropy linked to pore fabric could be estimated.
Published: 2016
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27. Monitoring Strength Reduction in Sandstones Associated With Fluid Substitution Using Advanced Rock Mechanics Testing

Author: Christian David, Joel Sarout, Jeremie Dautriat, and CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geomechanics, Rock mechanics, Substitution (logic), [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Strength reduction, Geotechnical engineering, Induced seismicity, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: This paper presents a novel rock mechanics testing method for remotely monitoring, detecting and assessing mechanical weakening and possible sand production in sandstone reservoirs during water flooding or during drilling with water-based muds. Rock mechanics triaxial tests are conducted on sandstone reservoir samples subjected to realistic in situ stresses, pore pressure, and temperature. During these tests, in addition to the conventional stress and strain monitoring techniques, the new approach involves a combination of ultrasonic and micro-seismic monitoring techniques allowing for a remote detection and spatial localisation of the possible mechanical weakening that ultimately leads to sand production. The original testing protocol allows for the substitution of the in situ fluid by a water-based fluid with minimal impact on the in situ effective stress in the rock sample. The weakening effect of the substituting fluid can therefore be discriminated from any mechanical artefact associated with a possible reduction in the effective pressure during the substitution. Thanks to the conventional stress-strain monitoring technique, it has been observed that (i) the strength and static elastic moduli decrease when water saturates the pore space; (ii) the injection of water in a critically loaded sample initially saturated either with air or inert oil induces a drastic increase in the creep rate and the development of a mechanical instability. Thanks to the ultrasonic and micro-seismic monitoring of the fluid substitution process, it has been observed that (iii) the mechanical instability is mainly localised in the water-flooded zone; (iv) this instability corresponds to a loss of cohesion between the sandstone grains; (v) during oil substitution by water, the insability is delayed in comparison with the water injection in the dry sandstone and the loss of cohesion is less pronounced. This loss of grain-to-grain cohesion is expected to lead to sand production in weakly consolidated siliciclastic reservoirs. In addition, the injected fluids significantly affect the ultrasonic P-wave velocity: (vi) increases during oil injection; (vii) decrease during water injection. This helps in detecting the advancement of the fluid front within the rock's pore space.
Published: 2016
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28. Influence of microporosity distribution on the mechanical behavior of oolithic carbonate rocks

Author: Pierre-Yves Collin, J.B. Regnet, Christian David, Jérôme Fortin, Yasin Makhloufi, Philippe Robion, Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement Cergy (GEC), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE (I-MAT), Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine, Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement Cergy ( GEC ), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE ( I-MAT ), Université de Cergy Pontoise ( UCP ), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université de Cergy Pontoise ( UCP ), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS ( LGE ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), and Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, Mineralogy, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, [ SDU.STU.ST ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, 01 natural sciences, Tortuosity, Pore water pressure, Brittleness, Rock mechanics, Microporosity, Paris Basin, Computers in Earth Sciences, Oolithe Blanche formation, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Porosity, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [ SDU.STU.PE ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, Carbonate rock, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Overburden pressure, Permeability (earth sciences), [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Geology
Abstract: The mechanical behavior of oolithic carbonate rocks was investigated for selected rocks with two different microstructural attributes: uniform (UP) and rimmed (RP) distribution of microporosity within ooids. These oolithic carbonate rocks are from the Oolithe Blanche formation, a deep saline aquifer in the Paris Basin, and a possible target for CO2 sequestration and geothermal production. Samples of similar physical properties (porosity, grain diameter, cement content) but different microporosity textures were deformed under triaxial configuration, in water saturated conditions, at 28 MPa of confining pressure, 5 MPa of pore pressure and at a temperature of 55 °C. During the experiments, acoustic velocities were monitored, and permeability was measured. The results show that the mechanical behavior of these microporous carbonates are strongly controlled by the microporosity distribution within the grains, at the origin of variations in elastic properties, mechanical strength and failure mode. The lower velocities measured in UP samples indicate a larger compliance of the whole structure. The mechanical response indicates that UP samples are characterized by a ductile behavior whereas RP samples display a brittle behavior. Using a conceptual model for the failure envelope of both rocks, our observations can be accounted for if one considers a significant variation of the critical pressure P ∗ , with UP samples having a lower P ∗ than RP samples. The permeability evolution under stress was interpreted using a revised Kozeny–Carman equation, showing that fluid flow is strongly affected by the tortuosity of the pore space, which is controlled by the microporosity distribution within the ooids. This study brings new insight into the parameters controlling the physical and mechanical response of oolithic carbonates, and the possible impact on production of geothermal energy at depth or storativity for CO2 sequestration operations.
Published: 2015
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29. Detection of moving capillary front in porous rocks using X-ray and ultrasonic methods

Author: Bassem S. Nabawy, Beatriz Menéndez, Joel Sarout, Jeremie Dautriat, Christian David, Delphine Bertauld, Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement Cergy (GEC), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE (I-MAT), CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), and Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine
Subjects: ultrasonic monitoring, Materials science, Capillary action, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Biophysics, General Physics and Astronomy, carbonates, sandstones, Optics, P-wave, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Porosity, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, Mathematical Physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Plane (geometry), business.industry, Physics, Front (oceanography), lcsh:QC1-999, Amplitude, Ultrasonic sensor, Imbibition, capillary imbibition, business, lcsh:Physics, X-ray CT scanning
Abstract: Several methods are compared for the detection of moving capillary fronts in spontaneous imbibition experiments where water invades dry porous rocks. These methods are: (i) the continuous monitoring of the mass increase during imbibition, (ii) the imaging of the water front motion using X-ray CT scanning, (iii) the use of ultrasonic measurements allowing the detection of velocity, amplitude and spectral content of the propagating elastic waves, and (iv) the combined use of X-ray CT scanning and ultrasonic monitoring. It is shown that the properties of capillary fronts depend on the heterogeneity of the rocks, and that the information derived from each method on the dynamics of capillary motion can be significantly different. One important result from the direct comparison of the moving capillary front position and the P wave attributes is that the wave amplitude is strongly impacted before the capillary front reaches the sensors, in contrast with the velocity change which is concomitant with the fluid front arrival in the sensors plane.
Published: 2015
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30. Acoustic and reservoir properties of microporous carbonate rocks: Implication of micrite particle size and morphology

Author: J.B. Regnet, Philippe Robion, Christian David, Béatrice Yven, Jérôme Fortin, Benjamin Brigaud, Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement Cergy (GEC), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE (I-MAT), Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine, Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Déchets Radioactifs (ANDRA), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: Coalescence (physics), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Micrite, Poromechanics, Petrophysics, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Mineralogy, Microporous material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Cementation (geology), 01 natural sciences, Diagenesis, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Porosity, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; This integrated study provides significant insight into parameters controlling the acoustic and reservoir properties of microporous limestones, improving the knowledge of the relationships among petrophysic and microstructural content. Petrophysical properties measured from laboratory and logging tools (porosity, permeability, electrical conductivity, and acoustic properties) have been coupled with thin section and scanning electron microscope observations on the EST205 borehole from the Oxfordian limestone aquifer of the eastern part of the Paris Basin. A major achievement is the establishment of the link between micrite microtexture types (particle morphology and nature of intercrystal contacts) and the physical response, introducing a new effective and interesting rock-typing approach for microporous reservoirs. Fluid-flow properties are enhanced by the progressive augmentation of intercrystalline microporosity and associated pore throat diameter, as the coalescence of micrite particles decreases. Concerning acoustic properties, the slow increase of P wave velocity can be seen as a reflection of crystal size and growing contact cementation leading to a more cohesive and stiffer micrite microtexture. By applying poroelasticity theory on our samples, we show that velocity dispersion can be a very useful tool for data discrimination in carbonates. This dispersion analysis highlights the presence of microcracks in the rocks, and their overall effect on acoustic and transport properties. The presence of microcracks is also confirmed with observations and permeability measurements under high confining pressure. Finally, a possible origin of high porous levels in neritic limestones is a mineralogical transformation of carbonates through freshwater-related diagenesis during subaerial exposure time. Finally, by applying poroelasticity theory on our samples, we show that velocity dispersion can be a very useful tool for data discrimination in carbonates.
Published: 2015
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31. Pore fabric geometry inferred from magnetic and acoustic anisotropies in rocks with various mineralogy, permeability and porosity

Author: L. Zinsmeister, Christian David, Jean-Christian Colombier, Philippe Robion, Jeremie Dautriat, Pierre-Yves Collin, Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement Cergy (GEC), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE (I-MAT), Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine, Earth Science and Resource Engineering, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement Cergy ( GEC ), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE ( I-MAT ), Université de Cergy Pontoise ( UCP ), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université de Cergy Pontoise ( UCP ), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] ( CSIRO ), IFP Energies nouvelles ( IFPEN ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), and Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Ferrofluid, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Carbonate, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, Mineralogy, Geometry, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Sandstone, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, [ SDU.STU.GP ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Anisotropy, Porosity, P-wave-velocity, [ SDU.STU.PE ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Microstructure, Aspect ratio (image), Magnetic susceptibility, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geophysics, Permeability (electromagnetism), Porous medium, Geology
Abstract: 14 pages; International audience; he ferrofluid impregnation technique combined with anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility measurements (AMSff) is one of the ways to analyze the 3-D geometry of the pore space in a rock and indirectly to infer the anisotropy of permeability. We applied this method on different types of rocks (sandstones and carbonates) with a range of different porosity values (10-30%) and permeability (1 mD to 1 D). To get additional information on both the pore aspect ratio and the directional anisotropy we used another technique, measuring the anisotropy of P-waves velocity (APV) in dry and water saturated conditions. Comparing between both methods shows that despite the good agreement in directional data, inferring the true shape of the porosity is not straightforward. Modeling the presence of an elastic anisotropy in the solid matrix for sandstones allows one to get more consistent values for the pore aspect ratio obtained from both APV and AMSff. However for the carbonate rocks, due to an intricate distribution of microstructures, the aspect ratios obtained show significant discrepancies between the two methods. The ferrofluid method is very sensitive to the quality of the impregnation and suffers from a major drawback which is the threshold size of investigation, limited by the size of the magnetite nanoparticles (10 nm) and probably this method doesn't see all the porosity. On the other hand with acoustic methods, the range of porosity investigated is probably larger but several microstructural attributes can contribute to the elastic anisotropy which makes the pore shape effect more difficult to decipher. Therefore, we promote the combined use of both methods in order to get more reliable information on the pore shape in porous media.
Published: 2014
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32. Compaction, permeability evolution and stress path effects in unconsolidated sand and weakly consolidated sandstone

Author: N. Gland, J. Wassermann, V.H. Nguyen, Christian David, Jean Guelard, Jeremie Dautriat, Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement Cergy (GEC), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE (I-MAT), Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine, and IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN)
Subjects: Stress path, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Effective stress, Petrophysics, cam-clay modified, Compaction, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Curvature, petrophysics, Stress (mechanics), [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Permeability (earth sciences), Brittleness, mechanical compaction, hydro-mechanical coupling, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Geotechnical engineering, permeability, Geology, stresspath
Abstract: International audience; The influence of stress paths on the mechanical behavior and coupled permeability evolution of quartz sand packings and soft sandstone have been investigated. The proposed approach is mainly based on the performing drained compression tests keeping constant a stress path parameter K, defined as the ratio of the horizontal to vertical effective stress increments. Macroscopic mechanical data and the stress path dependency of permeability have been measured in the elastic, brittle and compaction regimes. The micro-structural characteristics of unconsolidated materials--coarse rounded grains (glass beads--GB) and angular grains (Durance sand--DS)--and a weakly consolidated sandstone (Otter Sherwood sandstone--OSS) have been quantified in intact and deformed states combining petrophysical core analysis and multi-scale imaging according to the feasibility of sub-sampling of the different materials. Two different types of hydro-mechanical behavior were evidenced for each material. The weakly consolidated OSS presents a mechanical behavior similar to the consolidated rocks with two distinct regimes of deformation; the transition between these two regimes is a function of the stress path. On the other hand, the sand shows a gradual transition regime requiring the use of a curvature criterion to pick yield stresses; this criterion has been validated on the basis of acoustic emissions analysis. The modified Cam-Clay model and the elliptical cap model allow capturing efficiently the yield envelopes. The permeability measurements were performed with intermediate pressure ports to measure accurately the high permeable sand and to avoid end-effects. For OSS, permeability evolutions follow closely the volumetric strain evolutions in both the elastic and plastic regimes and are mainly controlled by the mean pressure before yield. At these critical stresses, the permeability drops drastically under the influence of deviatoric stress. Conversely for DS, the correlation between strain and permeability is not obvious as permeability reduction is pronounced at an early stage of loading.
Published: 2014
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33. Normal faults, layering and elastic properties of rocks

Author: Catherine Homberg, Christian David, Vincent Roche, Muriel Rocher, Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement Cergy (GEC), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE (I-MAT), Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine, and Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Lithology, Stiffness, Modulus, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Sedimentary basin, Geophysics, Shear (geology), [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Ultimate tensile strength, medicine, Layering, medicine.symptom, Petrology, Failure mode and effects analysis, human activities, Seismology, Geology, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: International audience; We study mesoscale normal faults cutting alternating limestone and clay-rich layers in several localities in the South-Eastern Mesozoic sedimentary basin (France). The displacement gradients, defined as the displacement variation per unit length along fault profile, and the mean fault dips are correlated to the structural and petrophysical properties of the host rock, including the carbonate content, the stiffness, the layering pattern and the maximum burial depth. Analysis of the fault dips indicates that the faults propagate (downward or upward) from an initial fracture from one unit to another rather than through connections of fractures that nucleated in different units. The fault dips are consistent with shear, mixed mode and tensile failures in limestone units. They are consistent with shear failure or are abnormally low in the clay-rich units. Among the studied attributes, in limestone units the failure mode is related to the contrast of the Young's modulus between the limestone and the clay-rich layers. A high contrast promotes tensile failure, whereas a low contrast promotes mixed mode or shear failures. In clay-rich layers, the dip is related to the layering pattern and abnormally low dips are promoted in thin clay-rich layers surrounded by thick limestone units. Specific displacement gradients characterize each lithology of the layered section. It ranges from 0.06 to 0.2 in the clay-rich units and it increases with Young's modulus. The analyses of the fault dips and the displacement gradients have implications in term of local stress. Both analyses converge and they can be related to a variation in stress controlled by the variation in stiffness through the layering.
Published: 2014
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34. Impact of sedimentology and diagenesis on the petrophysical properties of a tight oolitic carbonate reservoir. The case of the Oolithe Blanche Formation (Bathonian, Paris Basin, France)

Author: Christophe Rigollet, Steven Claes, Lisa Casteleyn, Jean-Pierre Sizun, Christian David, Rudy Swennen, Fabrice Monna, Françoise Bergerat, Pierre-Yves Collin, Yasin Makhloufi, Philippe Robion, Beatriz Menéndez, Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris ( iSTeP ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement Cergy ( GEC ), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE ( I-MAT ), Université de Cergy Pontoise ( UCP ), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université de Cergy Pontoise ( UCP ), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Geology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven ( KU Leuven ), Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] ( ARTeHiS ), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) ( BRGM ), Work funded by the CNRS INSU-CESUR project and by the French Geological Survey (BRGM, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières, Orléans, France)., Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement Cergy (GEC), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE (I-MAT), Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] (ARTeHiS), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE)
Subjects: Tight carbonate reservoir, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stratigraphy, Geochemistry, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, [ SDU.STU.ST ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, 01 natural sciences, Permeability, Diagenesis, Sedimentary depositional environment, Petrography, Petrophysics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Paris Basin, Sedimentology, Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Geology, Cementation (geology), Fluid-flow properties, Permeability (earth sciences), Geophysics, chemistry, Ooids, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Carbonate, Economic Geology, Porosity
Abstract: 18 pages; International audience; The Oolithe Blanche Formation was studied in three quarries, located at the south-eastern edge of the Paris Basin (France). Heterogeneities in reservoir properties were assessed through a sedimentological, diagenetic and petrophysical study. The relationships between depositional settings, diagenesis and petrophysical properties were analysed using detailed petrographic studies, image analysis, Nano CTscans and petrophysical measurements. The carbonate reservoir pore network is mainly controlled by intraparticle microporosity which ensures the connectivity with interparticle meso- and macroporosity. Early cementation vs. early compaction processes (mainly grain interpenetration) may have considerable influence on fluid-flow properties and parameters such as permeability, acoustic velocities and tortuosity. Better reservoir properties are found when compaction processes begin before cementation. From statistical analyses, e.g. Principal Component Analysis and Linear Discriminant Analysis, a sedimentological/diagenetic and petrophysical model is proposed that is in a good agreement with the geological model developed from field work.
Published: 2013
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35. Imaging of Metastatic Lymph Nodes by X-ray Phase-Contrast Micro-Tomography

Author: Robert Feidenhans'l, Andreas Kjaer, Jürgen Mohr, Fritz Rank, Tina Binderup, Timm Weitkamp, Martin Bech, Liselotte Højgaard, Christian David, Franz Pfeiffer, Torben H. Jensen, Elena Reznikova, Irene Zanette, Arvid Böttiger, Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Medical Radiation Physics - Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University [Lund], Rigshospitalet [Copenhagen], Copenhagen University Hospital, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Microstructure Technology (IMT), and University of Karlsruhe (TH)
Subjects: Anatomy and Physiology, Medical Physics, X-ray microtomography, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MEDICAL APPLICATIONS, Invasive Ductal Carcinoma, lcsh:Medicine, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Hematologic Cancers and Related Disorders, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune Physiology, Breast Tumors, Lymphoid Organs, lcsh:Science, IMAGING, Lymph node, Aged, 80 and over, Multidisciplinary, PHASE CONTRAST MICROTOMOGRAPHY, Physics, Electromagnetic Radiation, Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast, Hematology, Middle Aged, CANCER, 3. Good health, Ductal Carcinoma in Situ, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, FRELON CAMERA, Lymphatic Metastasis, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Medicine, Female, Lymphomas, Tomography, Radiology, Lymph, Research Article, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Immunology, Breast Neoplasms, Malignancy, Sensitivity and Specificity, Lymphatic System, INTERFEROMETRY, 03 medical and health sciences, Breast cancer, medicine, Humans, Biology, Pathological, Aged, business.industry, X-Rays, lcsh:R, Reproducibility of Results, Cancers and Neoplasms, X-Ray Microtomography, medicine.disease, Immune System, lcsh:Q, Histopathology, Lymph Nodes, business
Abstract: International audience; Invasive cancer causes a change in density in the affected tissue, which can be visualized by x-ray phase-contrast tomography. However, the diagnostic value of this method has so far not been investigated in detail. Therefore, the purpose of this study was, in a blinded manner, to investigate whether malignancy could be revealed by non-invasive x-ray phase-contrast tomography in lymph nodes from breast cancer patients. Seventeen formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lymph nodes from 10 female patients (age range 37–83 years) diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinomas were analyzed by X-ray phase-contrast tomography. Ten lymph nodes had metastatic deposits and 7 were benign. The phase-contrast images were analyzed according to standards for conventional CT images looking for characteristics usually only visible by pathological examinations. Histopathology was used as reference. The result of this study was that the diagnostic sensitivity of the image analysis for detecting malignancy was 100% and the specificity was 87%. The positive predictive value was 91% for detecting malignancy and the negative predictive value was 100%. We conclude that x-ray phase-contrast imaging can accurately detect density variations to obtain information regarding lymph node involvement previously inaccessible with standard absorption x-ray imaging.
Published: 2013
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36. The influence of environmental conditions on weathering of porous rocks by gypsum: a non-destructive study using acoustic emissions

Author: Christian David, Beatriz Menéndez, Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement Cergy (GEC), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE (I-MAT), Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), and Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine
Subjects: Gypsum, Soil Science, Mineralogy, Weathering, non destructive technique, 010501 environmental sciences, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, rock damage, Salt weathering, law, Rock mechanics, Environmental Chemistry, Relative humidity, Crystallization, Porosity, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, stone decay, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Global and Planetary Change, Elastic energy, Geology, Pollution, environmental conditions, [SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, Acoustic emission, 13. Climate action, engineering, acoustic emissions
Abstract: International audience; Gypsum is one of the most universally distributed salts in weathered materials but little is known about the influence of environmental conditions on the damage generated by gypsum in stones. To quantify the damage induced by gypsum crystallization acoustic emission techniques are employed to record the elastic energy released during salt crystallization cycles in a limestone. Different environmental conditions have been established during the cooling and drying periods in traditional salt crystallization cycles. During drying two different temperatures (50°C and 25°C) and relative humidity (low, 25% at 50°C and 65% at 25°C, and high, 99%) have been applied. The acoustic emission signals are filtered by a frequency analysis in order to eliminate signals corresponding to external noise or artifacts. Our experimental results show that acoustic emission activity is higher under high relative humidity conditions than under low relative humidity conditions, and also higher when drying at 50°C than at room temperature. Microscopic observations on the weathered samples indicated that under high relative humidity conditions and at room temperature gypsum crystallizes not on the sample surface, like in the other samples, but deeper in the inner part of the sample, in good agreement with previously published data. We show that using acoustic emissions as usually done in rock mechanics is also very useful in the study of stone decay and weathering processes in the laboratory.
Published: 2013
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37. Lithological control on shear-wave velocity anisotropy in core samples from the Taiwan Chelungpu Fault Drilling Project

Author: Christian David, Fabien Humbert, L. Louis, Christophe Barnes, Sheng-Rong Song, Philippe Robion, and CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)
Subjects: Birefringence, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Bedding, Lithology, Borehole, Drilling, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Shear (geology), Anisotropy, Petrology, Siltstone, Seismology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: The present study provides laboratory constrains on the in situ source of shear wave birefringence in siltstone and sandstone lithologies from the Taiwan Chelungpu Fault Drilling Project (TCDP). Bench top measurements at ambient pressure and temperature are performed across the end faces of vertically drilled samples while the polarization angle of the source and receiver is rotated from 0 to 360 degrees in azimuth. Shear wave birefringence in siltstone is low (similar to 3.5%) and controlled by low angle (similar to 30 degrees) bedding dip. The sandstone samples exhibit moderate (similar to 15%) shear wave anisotropy due to a network of vertical microcracks with normal about the bedding strike direction. As related studies infer that the microcracks responsible for shear wave birefringence in sandstone are also open at depth, our results suggest that anisotropy in borehole measurements can simply be accounted for by the observed siltstone and sandstone microstructures, i.e., without invoking larger scale objects, nor randomly oriented cracks/fractures subjected to triaxial stress state. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2012
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38. Exploring the wavefront of hard X-ray free-electron laser radiation

Author: Liubov Samoylova, Harald Sinn, Marco Cammarata, Simon Rutishauser, David Fritz, Jacek Krzywinski, Oliver Bunk, Jan Grünert, Christian David, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Stanford University, Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: General Physics and Astronomy, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Radiation, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optics, Optical physics, Position (vector), law, 0103 physical sciences, Sensitivity (control systems), Saturation (magnetic), Physics, Wavefront, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Multidisciplinary, business.industry, Free-electron laser, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, Physical sciences, [SDV.BBM.BP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biophysics, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: International audience; The high photon flux and femtosecond pulse duration of hard X-ray free-electron lasers have spurred a large variety of novel and fascinating experiments in physical, chemical and biological sciences. Many of these experiments depend fundamentally on a clean, well-defined wavefront. Here we explore the wavefront properties of hard X-ray free-electron laser radiation by means of a grating interferometer, from which we obtain shot-to-shot wavefront information with an excellent angular sensitivity on the order of ten nanoradian. The wavefront distortions introduced by optical elements are observed in-situ and under operational conditions. The source-point position and fluctuations are measured with unprecedented accuracy in longitudinal and lateral direction, both during nominal operation and as the X-ray free-electron laser is driven into saturation.
Published: 2012
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39. Fosses étroites aux parois sub-verticales dans le Nord de la France : élaboration d’une démarche interdisciplinaire et premiers résultats

Author: Kai Fechner, Julia Wattez, Alexandre Chevalier, Sabine Loicq, Pascal Verdin, Juliette Durand, Vincent Riquier, Christian David, Stéphane Durand, Françoise Bostyn, Patrick Lemaire, Nathalie Achard-Corompt, Christine Paillès, Catherine Moreau, Yann Lorin, Michel Kasprzyk, Sandrine Fournand, Vincent Desbrosse, Alain Berga, Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes (ASM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Centre d'Études Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement Cergy (GEC), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE (I-MAT), Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine, Préhistoire et Technologie (PréTech), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bostyn, F. and Martial, E. and Praud, I., and Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, étroites, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, parois, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, élaboration, d’une, paléoenvironnement, fosses, Néolithique, sciences naturelles, dans, Nord, résultats, 01 natural sciences, démarche, sub-verticales, natural sciences, neolithic, pits, palaoenvironment, France, interdisciplinaire, premiers, Pharmacology (medical), Fosses, Gruben, Neolithikum, Naturwissenschaften, Paläoökologie, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Seit einigen Jahren beschäftigen sich die Archäologen mit der Frage nach der Funktion einiger recht tiefer Gruben mit stark verjüngter Basis und, in ihrem unteren Bereich, subvertikalen Wänden. Diese Gruben werden mehrheitlich in die Zeit zwischen dem Neolithikum und der Bronzezeit datiert. Die fachübergreifende Vorgehensweise und der Einsatz der paläoumweltlichen Disziplinen erscheinen uns ausschlaggebend zu sein, um die konkreten Argumente zu liefern, die es zukünftig ermöglichen werden, die unterschiedlichen aktuellen funktionellen Hypothesen zu differenzieren und wesentliche Elemente einer Demonstration vorzulegen. Das Ziel dieses Beitrages besteht vor allem in der Eröffnung der Diskussion. Zu diesem Zweck schlagen wir neue Rubriken für eine zukünftige archäologische die Paläoökologie betreffende Datenbasis vor. Dieser Beitrag ist komplementär mit demjenigen von Achard et al. zum selben Thema, Since a few years, archaeologists ask about the function of certain types of pits that typically present a clear narrowing of their base and are rather long and deep, with a sub-vertical base of walls. They usually have a dating that is Neolithic or Bronze Age. Interdisciplinarity and the application of palaeoenvironnemental disciplines appear to be very useful in order to deliver factual arguments that will permit in the future to discriminate between the different proposals for their fonctioning and produce the elements of its demonstration. The goal of this contribution is most of all to open the debate towards such new informations, among others by proposing additional columns for the planned archaeological and environmental data basis of these pits. This contribution is understood as a complement to the one of Achard et al. on the same subject., Depuis quelques années, des archéologues s’interrogent sur la fonction de certaines fosses assez profondes, à base nettement rétrécie, aux parois inférieures sub-verticales et dont la plupart ont une fourchette globale allant du Néolithique à l’âge du Bronze. L’interdisciplinarité et l’application des disciplines paléoenvironnementales nous semblent déterminantes pour fournir des arguments concrets permettant à l’avenir de discriminer les différentes propositions fonctionnelles actuelles et d’apporter des éléments constitutifs d’une démonstration. L’objectif de cette contribution est surtout d’ouvrir le débat et ce en commençant par proposer de nouvelles rubriques au sein d’une future base de données archéologique et environnementale. . Cette contribution est complémentaire de celle d’Achard et al. sur le même sujet., Fechner Kai, Wattez Julia, Chevalier Alexandre, Loicq Sabine, Verdin Pascal, Durand Juliette, Riquier Vincent, David Christian, Durand Stéphane, Bostyn Françoise, Lemaire Patrick, Achard-Corompt Nathalie, Paillès Christine, Moreau Catherine, Lorin Yann, Kasprzyk Michel, Fournand Sandrine, Desbrosse Vincent, Berga Alain. Fosses étroites aux parois sub-verticales dans le Nord de la France : élaboration d’une démarche interdisciplinaire et premiers résultats. In: Revue archéologique de Picardie. Numéro spécial 28, 2011. pp. 523-548.
Published: 2011
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40. Coherent diffraction imaging of a single epitaxial InAs nanowire using a focused x-ray beam

Author: T. H. Metzger, Gerrit E. W. Bauer, Virginie Chamard, Christian David, Cristian Mocuta, Joan Vila-Comamala, Ana Diaz, Bernhard Mandl, J. Stangl, Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Nanowire, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (electronics), Zone plate, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Epitaxy, 01 natural sciences, Coherent diffraction imaging, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Reciprocal lattice, Optics, Reflection (mathematics), law, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Beam (structure), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The cross section of an InAs nanowire with a diameter of 150 nm epitaxially grown on a 111-oriented InP substrate was characterized using a combination of x-ray scanning microdiffraction and coherent diffraction imaging. Using an x-ray beam focused by a Fresnel zone plate, we were able to scan in real space and hence localize single nanowires on the substrate in the as-grown epitaxial state. For one single nanowire, the three-dimensional coherent intensity distribution in reciprocal space was mapped around the (111) InAs reflection. Using phase retrieval algorithms, the cross section of the wire was reconstructed with a spatial resolution of 8 nm along one direction.
Published: 2009
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41. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and P-wave velocity in core samples from the Taiwan Chelungpu-Fault Drilling Project (TCDP)

Author: Philippe Robion, Sheng-Rong Song, Teng-fong Wong, Christian David, Tzu-Mo Natalie Chen, L. Louis, and CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Lithology, P wave, Drilling, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, Fault (geology), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Matrix (geology), Thrust fault, Sedimentary rock, Petrology, Anisotropy, Seismology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) and anisotropy of P-wave velocity (APV) were characterized in core samples retrieved from the TCDP Hole A at depths ranging from 600m to 1400m, thus cutting across the thrust fault that ruptured during the 1999 Chi-chi earthquake. Our data show that the AMS was similar for all the samples regardless of the lithologic contrasts, with a magnetic fabric characteristic of weakly deformed sedimentary rocks that had undergone layer parallel shortening. This robust observation applies to both the siltstones and sandstones at all depths investigated. In contrast the APV data reflect fundamental differences between the elastic fabrics in the two facies. While APV of the siltstone samples is controlled by a preferred orientation of the matrix minerals, the APV of the sandstones is greatly influenced by microcrack porosity with a preferred orientation parallel to the maximum principal direction of paleostress and tectonic deformation. These AMS and APV data obtained in TCDP Hole A at locations not directly impacted by the coseismic rupture provide a first order petrofabric framework for the characterization of hydromechanical anisotropy in the Chelungpu fault system.
Published: 2008
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42. Modification of the porous network by salt crystallization in experimentally weathered sedimentary stones

Author: Matthieu Angeli, David Benavente, Ronan Hébert, Beatriz Menéndez, Jean-Philippe Bigas, Christian David, Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement Cergy (GEC), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE (I-MAT), Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine, CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Petrología Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y del Medio Ambiente, Laboratoire de tectonique (LT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratorio de petrologia applicada, Universidad de Alicante, Laboratoire de mécanique et matériaux du génie civil (L2MGC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), and Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Scanning electron microscope, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Mineralogy, Salt (chemistry), Weathering, 02 engineering and technology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Piedra, 01 natural sciences, Durability, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, 021105 building & construction, Sodium sulfate, medicine, salt crystallization, General Materials Science, Porous network, Crystallization, Composite material, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Porosity, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Civil and Structural Engineering, chemistry.chemical_classification, [SDE.MCG.SIC]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes/domain_sde.mcg.sic, Intragranular cracks, Building and Construction, Porosimetry, medicine.disease, chemistry, Salt crystallization, Mechanics of Materials, porous networks, durability, intragranular cracks, Petrología y Geoquímica
Abstract: 18 pages; International audience; The aim of this study is to understand how the porous network of a stone is modified by the crystallization of sodium sulphate. Samples of five different stones have been experimentally weathered and evaluated thanks to mercury porosimetry in three different states: fresh, weathered by salt, and weathered cleaned from the salts. Optical and electronic microscopy observations have also been led to complete these measurements. The results show that porosity and the general aspect of the porous network remain quite similar after weathering. Nevertheless, crystals tend to grow on all the grains regardless of the size of the related voids (pores or cracks), and these crystallizations seem to be harmful for the stone: a lot of voids of different entry sizes (from 10nm to 20µm) have been affected during the accelerated ageing tests. This study confirms that generally stones with a high amount of small pores (up to several µm) are the most susceptible to suffer from salt damage. Nevertheless, the influence of a few other features (high porosity, pore shape, pre-existent intragranular cracks) on the long-term behaviour of the stones suffering from salt decay is discussed.
Published: 2008
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43. Influence of mechanical damage on fluid flow patterns investigated using CT scanning imaging and acoustic emissions techniques

Author: Beatriz Menéndez, Jean-Marie Mengus, Christian David, Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement Cergy (GEC), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE (I-MAT), Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine, Laboratoire de tectonique (LT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut Français du Pétrole, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), and Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Capillary action, Flow (psychology), [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Mineralogy, Mechanics, Deformation (meteorology), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geophysics, Creep, Fluid dynamics, Fracture (geology), General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Imbibition, Displacement (fluid), [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: [1] In order to get some insight into the influence of mechanical deformation on fluid flow patterns, we performed series of X-ray CT scanning runs during capillary imbibition experiments to image the water front displacement in Bentheim sandstone samples. A three steps procedure was followed: 1) intact rock samples were tested, 2) the samples were deformed in creep experiments under triaxial conditions with recording of acoustic emissions, 3) the deformed samples experienced a second capillary imbibition test with CT scanning imaging. Using image analysis tools, relevant flow parameters like the height, velocity and curvature of the water front were measured. Stress-induced damage had a significant impact on the flow patterns. However contrasted results were obtained: localized damage evidenced by acoustic emissions clustering resulted in one experiment in local disturbance of the flow patterns, whereas in the second one a fracture detected by CT scan did not modify the local flow geometry.
Published: 2008
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44. Temperature-induced evolution of the elastic and magnetic anisotropy in argillite samples from Bure underground research laboratory, eastern France

Author: Christian David, Philippe Robion, J.C. Colombier, CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Laboratoire de tectonique (LT), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), and Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, Ocean Engineering, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Temperature induced, Magnetic anisotropy, 13. Climate action, Seismology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: International audience; Abstract The influence of temperature on magnetic and elastic properties of the Callovo-Oxfordian argillite formation, host of the French underground research laboratory for studying radioactive waste repository, has been investigated following two types of experiments. In the first experiment, rock samples were heated at 95 °C in an oven for 41 days, and in the second, heating–cooling cycles at increasing maximum temperatures were applied. Magnetic susceptibility and P-wave velocity measurements were conducted to investigate the effect of heating not only on the absolute values but also on the anisotropy. Whereas little variation was observed in the first experiment, the results of the heating–cooling cycles showed that different stages can be identified in the evolution of P-wave velocity and magnetic susceptibility with maximum temperature applied. At temperatures below 200 °C, the velocity increases sharply whereas the magnetic susceptibility remains unchanged: this is interpreted as being the result of mineralogical transformations, probably associated with dewatering of the clays. Above 200 °C, a large increase in susceptibility associated with a levelling off (or even a decreasing trend) of the velocity results from the competition between thermal cracking processes and another kind of mineralogical transformation affecting both properties. A magnetic mineralogical study showed that the main ferromagnetic mineral present is magnetite. An interesting result of the study is that in the temperature range investigated, the elastic properties are enhanced and the anisotropy is increased by raising the temperature, which has important consequences for the seismic monitoring of the storage site.
Published: 2007
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45. Anisotropy of elastic, magnetic and microstructural properties of the Callovo-Oxfordian argillite

Author: Christian David, Philippe Robion, Beatriz Menéndez, Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement Cergy (GEC), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE (I-MAT), CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine, Laboratoire de tectonique (LT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), and Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Isotropy, microstructure, Mineralogy, anisotropy, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Microstructure, shales, 01 natural sciences, Magnetic susceptibility, Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology, Transverse isotropy, acoustic velocity, Particle velocity, rock physics, Anisotropy, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Principal axis theorem, Rock microstructure, magnetic susceptibility
Abstract: We investigated the anisotropic behaviour of the Callovo-Oxfordian argillite in laboratory experiments, and analysed the rock microstructure using different imaging techniques. The starting material was a core retrieved at 460 m depth in well EST204 at the site of the French Underground Research Laboratory in the Meuse/Haute-Marne region, from which 17 small subcores were prepared in three orthogonal directions. The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) was studied using a KLY3S kappabridge. The technique allows one to determine the susceptibility tensor which can be represented by an ellipsoid with principal axes K max , K int and K min in decreasing order. We found that the AMS ellipsoid is consistent with an oblate fabric. We have also investigated the elastic anisotropy through the measurement of P-wave velocity in different directions, following the procedure described in our previous works [Louis, L., David, C., Robion, P., 2003. Comparison of the anisotropic behaviour of undeformed sandstones under dry and saturated conditions. Tectonophysics 370, 193–212; Louis, L., Robion, P., David, C., 2004. A single method for the inversion of anisotropic data sets with application to structural studies. Journal of Structural Geology 26, 2065–2072]. The anisotropy of P-wave velocity is significantly larger than the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility. Interestingly, we found an excellent correlation between AMS and the anisotropy of P-wave velocity, with a minimum velocity V min and susceptibility K min fairly well constrained in the direction perpendicular to bedding. Both from the elastic and magnetic viewpoint, the argillite behave as a transverse isotropic medium, which is typical of a sedimentary fabric with no clear sign of tectonic fabric. Our data set on P- and S-wave velocity measurements allowed for the full determination of the transverse isotropy stiffness tensor as well as the Thomsen’s parameters within the framework of weak anisotropy. We also present some results of a study of the rock microstructure and its structural anisotropy using stereological techniques and X-ray microtomography. The microtomography technique revealed the existence of tubular structures made of dense material (pyrite), the origin of which is not clearly defined but has probably to do with bioturbation during the formation of the sediment.
Published: 2007
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46. Altération par les sels des pierres de construction: Influence des propriétés capillaires et des conditions d'évaporation

Author: Matthieu Angeli, Jean-Philippe Bigas, Beatriz Menéndez, Ronan Hébert, Christian David, Laboratoire de tectonique (LT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire de mécanique et matériaux du génie civil (L2MGC), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE (I-MAT), Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Angeli, Matthieu
Subjects: pierre de construction, capillarité, altération, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], sels, cristallisation, [SDU.STU.GP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, évaporation
Abstract: 9 pages, compte rendu de conférence; National audience; L'importance de l'imbibition capillaire et des processus d'évaporation dans l'altération des pierres de construction sous l'action de la cristallisation des sels solubles est estimée par différents modes opératoires adaptés de la norme européenne EN 12370. Les différents tests consistent à modifier les conditions de l'apport en sel (sulfate de sodium) dans le réseau poreux des pierres ainsi que les possibilités d'évaporation, et de suivre l'évolution de la détérioration. Les résultats montrent que la dissolution de sels en quantité insuffisante dans le réseau poreux n'altère pas la pierre. Un apport extérieur de sels est nécessaire. L'influence de l'évaporation est aussi clairement démontrée par la localisation des dégâts dans les zones non-isolées
Published: 2006

47. Multiscale anisotropy controlled by folding: the example of the Chaudrons fold (Corbières, France)

Author: Christian David, Dominique Frizon de Lamotte, L. Louis, Philippe Robion, CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Queyroy, Marie José, Laboratoire de tectonique (LT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), and Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: folding, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.TE] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Mineralogy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, anisotropy, structural geology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, rock physics, Anisotropy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Shearing (physics), Calcite, Anticline, Geology, Cleavage (crystal), Fold (geology), chemistry, microstructures, Pressure solution, Crystal twinning
Abstract: In this paper, anisotropies developed in silicoclastic continental deposits during the building of the Chaudrons anticline (Corbieres, France) are studied. A microstructural analysis of the deformational features in three different panels within the fold (crest, hinge, and forelimb, respectively) is reported and compared with early field observations (distribution and orientation of cleavage) and laboratory measurements (estimation of magnetic and acoustic anisotropies). The main finding of this investigation is the preservation of unwelded joints between grains of calcite promoted by the presence of quartz grains. These joints, which appear as discontinuities in a matrix of calcite, are analyzed in orientation and composition. In the three panels of the fold that are investigated, a range of dip angles is observed with at least two major generations of joints, the average orientation of which is found to be consistent with both macroscopic cleavage and magnetic and acoustic fabrics. To account for the multimodal distribution of the joints orientation, we suggest an original scenario in which they are successively generated by sets. Two processes have operated simultaneously during the development of the fold: (1) horizontal rock mass compaction inducing pressure solution and twinning in calcite; (2) preservation of unwelded calcite/calcite grain joints due to stress heterogeneities associated with quartz inclusions. From these results, we suggest that microstructural processes are the same before and during folding, ruling out a passive shearing of cleavage plane formed during a first step of layer parallel shortening.
Published: 2006
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48. Influence of capillary properties and evaporation on salt weathering of sedimentary rocks. In heritage, Weatherings and Conservation - Fort, Alvarez de Buergo, Gomez-Heras & Vaquez-Cavo (eds)

Author: Matthieu Angeli, Jean-Philippe Bigas, David Benavente, Beatriz Menéndez, Hébert, R., Christian David, Laboratoire de tectonique (LT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Queyroy, Marie José
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, [SDU.STU.TE] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics
Published: 2006

49. Microstructural control on the anisotropy and transport properties in undeformed sandstones

Author: Laurent Louis, Christian David, Virginie Metz, Philippe Robion, Beatriz Menéndez, Kissel, C., Laboratoire de tectonique (LT), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Queyroy, Marie José, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), and Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: sandstones, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, image analysis, [SDU.STU.TE] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, microstructure, anisotropy
Published: 2005

50. Effects of bedding and foliation on mechanical anisotropy, damage evolution and failure mode

Author: Christian David, Teng-fong Wong, Geoffrey C. Rawling, L. Louis, Patrick Baud, and CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Bedding, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, Ocean Engineering, Geometry, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Foliation, Anisotropy, Failure mode and effects analysis, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: International audience; Abstract In this study we review recent advances in our understanding of anisotropy in rocks, focusing on dilatant and compactant failure in sandstones and in a foliated metamorphic rock. In sandstones, the anisotropy can be associated with bedding, as in the Rothbach sandstone, or it can also be due to shape anisotropy of the grains and/or the pores, as in the Bentheim sandstone. Two scenarios are proposed for the development of anisotropy in these two end members. In a metamorphic rock with strong foliation like the Four-mile gneiss, it has been commonly observed that the brittle strength is minimum at a foliation angle of about 30°–45°. A damage mechanics model is proposed that underscores the dominant role of biotite foliation in the development of microcracking. In contrast it is often observed in sandstones with strong bedding that the strength is minimum in the direction parallel to bedding. New results for the Rothbach sandstone showed that compared to parallel-to-bedding samples: (i) in the brittle faulting regime the perpendicular-to-bedding samples have both a higher strength and dilatancy stress; and (ii) in the cataclastic flow regime the compactive yield envelope for the perpendicular-to-bedding samples expands significantly towards higher stress values.
Published: 2005
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