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1. Validation of 3D-CMCC Forest Ecosystem Model (v.5.1) against eddy covariance data for 10 European forest sites

Author

Carlo Trotta, Sergio Marconi, Ivan Mammarella, Alessio Collalti, Giorgio Matteucci, Ettore D'Andrea, Thomas Grünwald, Yan Zhao, Frenk Berninger, Leonardo Montagnani, Riccardo Valentini, Andreas Ibrom, Alexander Knohl, Monia Santini, Bert Gielen, Alessandro Anav, Division on Impacts on Agriculture, Forests and Ecosystem Services (IAFES), Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC), Università degli studi della Tuscia [Viterbo], Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), University of Exeter, Institute of agroenvironmental and forest biology (CNR-IBAF), Institute for agriculture and forestry systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Universiteit Antwerpen = University of Antwerpen [Antwerpen], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Processus de la variabilité climatique tropicale et impacts (PARVATI), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tuscia University, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU), Universiteit Antwerpen [Antwerpen], University of Helsinki, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Department of Physics, Department of Forest Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Ecosystem processes (INAR Forest Sciences), Micrometeorology and biogeochemical cycles, and Forest Ecology and Management

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 1171 Geosciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Calibration (statistics), Eddy covariance, Magnitude (mathematics), Climate change, SCOTS PINE FOREST, 01 natural sciences, FluxNet, LAND-SURFACE MODEL, Forest ecology, BEECH FOREST, TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERE, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 4112 Forestry, CLIMATE-CHANGE, Physics, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Primary production, GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION, General Medicine, ATMOSPHERE CARBON EXCHANGE, 15. Life on land, 3D-CMCC Forest Ecosystem Model, DECIDUOUS FOREST, lcsh:Geology, 13. Climate action, Climatology, LIGHT-USE EFFICIENCY, Environmental science, Scale (map), 010606 plant biology & botany, PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY
Abstract

International audience; This study evaluates the performances of the new version (v.5.1) of 3D-CMCC Forest Ecosystem Model (FEM) in simulating gross primary productivity (GPP), against eddy covariance GPP data for 10 FLUXNET forest sites across Europe. A new carbon allocation module, coupled with new both phenological and autotrophic respiration schemes, was implemented in this new daily version. Model ability in reproducing timing and magnitude of daily and monthly GPP fluctuations is validated at intra-annual and inter-annual scale, including extreme anomalous seasons. With the purpose to test the 3D-CMCC FEM applicability over Europe without a site-related calibration, the model has been deliberately parametrized with a single set of species-specific parametrizations for each forest ecosystem. The model consistently reproduces both in timing and in magnitude daily and monthly GPP variability across all sites, with the exception of the two Mediterranean sites. We find that 3D-CMCC FEM tends to better simulate the timing of inter-annual anomalies than their magnitude within measurements' uncertainty. In six of eight sites where data are available, the model well reproduces the 2003 summer drought event. Finally, for three sites we evaluate whether a Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 480 A. Collalti et al.: Validation of 3D-CMCC Forest Ecosystem Model (v.5.1) more accurate representation of forest structural characteristics (i.e. cohorts, forest layers) and species composition can improve model results. In two of the three sites results reveal that model slightly increases its performances although, statistically speaking, not in a relevant way.

Published
2016

2. Can decision rules simulate carbon allocation for years with contrasting and extreme weather conditions? A case study for three temperate beech forests

Author

Ettore D'Andrea, Hans Verbeeck, Joris Van den Bossche, Kathy Steppe, Matteo Campioli, Roeland Samson, André Granier, Jian Wu, Andreas Ibrom, Giorgio Matteucci, Dept Biol, University of Antwerp (UA), Dept Appl Ecol & Environm Biol, Plant Ecol Lab, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Ctr Ecosyst & Environm Sustainabil, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Inst Agroenvironm & Forest Biol, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Inst Agr & Forest Syst Mediterranean, Dept Biosci Engn, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology of the Flemish Government [SBO60032], Flemish Government, European Commission [GOCE-CT-2003-505572, FP7-ENV-2008-1-226701], Danish government [ECOCLIM 10-093901], and Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Lag, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Fagus sylvatica L, Atmospheric sciences, SESSILE OAK, 01 natural sciences, Modelling, CARBOHYDRATE RESERVES, CRITICAL-APPRAISAL, Extreme weather, Tree growth, Heat wave, Fagus sylvatica, THERMAL-ACCLIMATION, Forest ecology, Temperate climate, FINE-ROOT DYNAMICS, Biology, Beech, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Maintenance respiration, EUROPEAN FORESTS, MODELING CARBON, Wood production, biology, Drought, Ecology, Ecological Modeling, LEAF-AREA INDEX, Carbon allocation, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Chemistry, QUERCUS-PETRAEA, FAGUS-SYLVATICA L, Environmental science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

The allocation of carbohydrates to different tree processes and organs is crucial to understand the overall carbon (C) cycling rate in forest ecosystems. Decision rules (DR) (e.g. functional balances and source-sink relationships) are widely used to model C allocation in forests. However, standard DR allocation schemes lack a strong environmental sensitivity and their ability to simulate the year-to-year variability and the impact of extreme events is questioned. In this study, we aimed to compare the performance of a standard DR allocation scheme to the performance of an improved DR allocation scheme taking into account drought-induced changes in allocation dynamics and acclimation of respiration. Model validation was performed against extensive datasets of C fluxes and C pools for a 9 years period (2000-2008) for the site of parameterisation (the beech forest of Hesse, France) and for two contrasting sites not used for parameterisation (the beech forest of Soro, Denmark, for 1999-2006, and Collelongo, Italy, for 2005-2006). At Hesse, 2003 was characterised by a severe and extreme drought and heat wave. The standard DR allocation scheme captured the average annual dynamics of C allocation and wood growth at beech stands with contrasting climate and standing stock. However, the allocation model required high quality GPP input and errors (even modest) in GPP resulted in large errors in the growth of the tree organs lowest in the modelled sink hierarchy (woody organs). The ability of the standard DR allocation model to simulate year-to-year variability was limited. The amended DR allocation scheme improved the annual simulations and allowed capturing the stand growth dynamics at Hesse during the extreme 2003 summer and its important lag effect on next year's wood production. Modelling of drought-induced changes in fine root dynamics and of short-term thermal acclimation of maintenance respiration should not be overlooked when simulating the C cycle of forests, particularly for sites likely to experience extreme drought and heat waves. The most relevant model bias was the inaccurate estimation of leaf biomass production (up to 15%) and a poor description of its interannual variability. Future studies should focus primarily on this limitation. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2013

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