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Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) is a popular tactical planning process widely used in the industry. It consists of aligning different business actors on a shared plan expressed at product family level by negotiating a balance between aggregate demand and supply capabilities. In the mass customisation (MC) context, this alignment is threatened by the high variety of the products that extends the gap between the aggregate expressions of demand and capacity leading to unfeasible plans or unnecessary adjustments. To establish a common negotiation ground, this thesis proposes a methodology, based on a quantitative modelling approach, to define an appropriate S&OP data aggregation level to serve as a reference for data expression and supply review in MC context. The proposed solution guarantees better data quality and improves the alignment between the different process actors.; La planification des ventes et des opérations, ou S&OP, est un processus tactique largement diffusé dans l’industrie. Il consiste en l’alignement cyclique des principales fonctions de l’entreprise sur un seul et même plan de vente et de fabrication. Ce plan est le résultat d’un consensus permettant de concilier les objectifs commerciaux, exprimés en volumes de ventes par familles de produits, et les capacités à tous les niveaux de la chaîne logistique. Dans un contexte de personnalisation de masse, la grande diversité des produits compromet l’alignement des acteurs en raison du décalage qui peut exister entre la granularité des contraintes capacitaires et celle de la demande. Pour établir une maille de négociation commune aux principaux acteurs impliqués dans le processus S&OP, cette thèse propose une méthodologie, basée sur une approche de modélisation quantitative, permettant d’identifier un niveau d’agrégation adapté à l’expression de la demande et à l’analyses des principales contraintes capacitaires dans un contexte de personnalisation de masse.

International audience; In this paper, a new robust observer based sliding mode control approach is proposed for uncertain linear discrete-time delay system. The system under study is subject to time-varying states delay, and to different types of disturbances such as unmatched Unknown but norm-Bounded (UBB) parametric uncertainties and external disturbances. Additional nonlinearities have been considered as well. Such system nonlinearities are supposed to verify a Hölder condition of order α. A new delay-dependent sufficient conditions ensuring the robust asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system is derived in terms of Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI). With regards to these conditions and considering the novel sliding surface-based observer, a new discrete-time sliding mode control law is designed. Finally, an illustrative example is exhibited to show the validity of the proposed control scheme.

In this paper, we design a new robust Observer-based Discrete-Time Sliding Mode Control for an uncertain linear discrete-time delay system. The considered system is subject to time-varying states delay, unmatched Unknown and norm-Bounded UBB parametric uncertainties, external disturbances and nonlinearities which are assumed to satisfy a Holder condition. A new delay-dependent sufficient conditions guaranteeing the robust asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system is derived in terms of Linear Matrix Inequalities. With respect to these conditions, a new discrete-time sliding mode control law is designed based on a novel observer structure and a new sliding surface. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the efficiency of our proposed approach.

The study aims to combine between the valorization of the adsorption ability of the clay mineral and essential oil with insecticidal effect for synthesis of a powder formulation investigated as natural insecticide. The insecticidal formulation created by the adsorption of the terpenes from Eucalyptus globulus essential oil onto the Tunisian clay classed beidellite (Bd). Furthermore, modified beidellite was investigated for increasing the amount of terpenes adsorbed. Organoclays (OC) were prepared by hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium (HDTMA) and didodecyldimethyl ammonium bromide (DDDMA) intercalation in the interlayer space of Bd. The OC was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) analysis and Textural analysis by nitrogen adsorption desorption (BET method) in order to confirm the success of organic modification. After adsorption studies, the kinetic models are examined. Results show the adsorption of terpenes onto Bd and modified Bd flows the pseudo-second-order model. Moreover, the adsorption ability of terpenes from Eucalyptus globulus oil is enhanced after organic modification, especially HDTMA.

International audience; The present research work is an in vivo study that aimed to evaluate the potential role of bioglass-chitosan (BG-CS) and bioglass-chitosan-20%ciprofloxacin (BG-CS-20Cip) in antioxidant profile and osteointegration. These scaffolds were implanted in the defect bone of femoral condyles in ovariectomized rats. The treatment with BG-CS-20Cip has shown a significantly higher stress proteins concentration in comparison with that implanted with BG-CS group. The thiol and vitamin C in BG-CS-20Cip group were significantly enhanced when compared with those in BG-CS group. The histological and physicochemical analyses highlight the BG-CS implications in the bone construction. This property was found to decrease with the presence of ciprofloxacin that caused the delay of this phenomenon. ICP-OES has revealed that the introduction of this antibiotic to the composite led to decrease bone mineralization by evaluating Ca/P ratio. The SEM results have confirmed a progressive degradation of BG-CS and BG-CS-20Cip. However, such bioresorbability and bioactivity of BG-CS was proven to be faster than those of BG-CS-20Cip. Therefore, the incorporation of ciprofloxacin in BG-CS was characterized by a delaying effect of composite dissolution and the formation of apatitic phase. The development of BG-CS as a therapeutic biomaterial protector against oxidative stress is likely to make an effective choice for the application in tissue engineering.

In this paper, the authors propose a multi-criteria methodology for identifying “Crucial Know-How/Knowing-That”. Know-How and Knowing-That are two kinds of knowledge. Know-How is a disposition to perform a type of action whereas Knowing-That is a belief state and concerns a description which can be factual or propositional. The category of “crucial Know-How/Knowing-That” represents the subset of Know-How/Knowing-That sufficient for Know-How/Knowing-That capitalization. The authors are interested in special Know-How/Knowing-that called “Likely Crucial Know-How/Knowing-That” which represent the set of Know-How/Knowing-That under validation and experimentation and can be crucial in the short or medium term. For thus, a new decision class is attributed to this category of Know-How/Knowing-That. The methodology is composed of three phases: (i) the construction of the preference model of decision maker, (ii) the evaluation of “crucial Know-How/Knowing-That” and (iii) the sorting of this set of Know-How/Knowing-That. The methodology is experimented in the ASHMS organization and validated in the medical field.

International audience; This paper presents a method for detecting and tracking phlebotominaes that are vectors for many important diseases. A method based on the Gaussian mixture model is used for Foreground/Background classification. Then, the mathematical morphology operations are used to refine theclassification results and eliminate areas that do not represent phlebotominaes. Thereafter, the Kalman filter is used for the prediction and stimation of their positions, thus the Hungarian algorithm is used for the assignment of the detected positions to tracks. The results can help us study the behavior of these insects, and to improve traps and solutions that limit their spread in case of infection. The proposed method is tested on a real phlebotominaes video sequences recorded at Pasteur institute of Tunisia, and the experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm to accurately detect the position and track phlebotominaes.

International audience; Graph coloring was exploited in wireless sensor networks to solve many optimization problems, mainly related to channel assignment. In this paper, we propose to use coloring to jointly manage channel access and routing to the sink. We introduce CHRA, a coloring based hierarchical routing approach. Coloring is exploited to avoid interferences and also to schedule nodes transmissions to the sink. We provide an analytical study assessing the performance of CHRA and present an investigation of various coloring heuristics to study their impact on CHRA performances on maintaining the network connectivity and coverage, while reducing the energy consumption.

International audience; no abstract

International audience; Phlebotomus (Paraphlebotomus) riouxi Depaquit, Léger & Killick-Kendrick (Diptera: Psychodidae) was described as a typological species based on a few morphological characters distinguishing it from Phlebotomus (Paraphlebotomus) chabaudi Croset, Abonnenc & Rioux. The naming of P. riouxi coincided with its incrimination as a rural vector of Leishmania tropica Wright (junior synonym: Leishmania killicki Rioux, Lanotte & Pratlong) in Tataouine governorate, an arid region of southern Tunisia. The current report finds insufficient evidence to incriminate either phlebotomine sandfly as a vector of L. tropica in North Africa. Phlebotomus riouxi was found not to have the characteristics of a phylogenetic or biological species, and therefore it is synonymized with P. chabaudi. Both taxa were recorded together for the first time in Tunisia, in Tataouine, where three of 12 males showed intermediate morphology and both sexes of each taxon were not characterized by specific lineages of the nuclear gene elongation factor-1α or the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b, for which a long 3' terminal fragment is recommended for phlebotomine phylogenetics. This case study indicates that the eco-epidemiology of leishmaniasis should focus more on identifying key components of vectorial transmission that are susceptible to interventions for disease control, rather than on defining sibling species of vectors.

International audience; no abstract

International audience; no abstract

This paper discusses the issues of classification, evaluation and cartography of organizational knowledge in the medical field. Its aim is to propose an Organizational Know-How/Knowing That Decision Support System (O2K-DSS) which can be applied to practical decision situations. O2K-DSS aims to propose a preference model based on multi-criteria decision support tools which allow the selection, the classification and the sorting of decision objects like know-how/knowing that in our case. Our goal is to propose a new category of decision class for ‘likely crucial know-how’/‘likely crucial knowing that’ which represents the subset of knowledge insufficient for knowledge capitalisation at time t. In fact, we classify know-how/knowing that into three decision classes: (1) the first class Cl1 for ‘non crucial know-how’/‘non crucial knowing that’ which represents the subset of knowledge whose level of validation is sufficient for not capitalising it, (2) the second class Cl2 for ‘likely crucial know-how’/‘likely ...

International audience; Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have received significant attention over the last few years as they afford a growing number of applications in various fields. At the same time, these networks provide numerous challenges due to their constraints, primarily related to energy scarcity. To overcome energy waste caused by collisions and contention based algorithm, the channel assignment mechanisms, like TDMA, seem to be an effective way for scheduling node transmissions. To solve channel assignment problems, graph coloring theory has been exploited in many research works, primarily in order to assure collision-free communications. In this paper, we present a novel distributed coloring algorithm for WSNs taking into account constraints of a real WSN environment. Our collision aware coloring algorithm assures a 2 hop nodes coloring, in a deterministic time execution, without requiring a neighborhood discovering phase. Performance evaluation results have shown the effectivness of our algorithm in terms of exchanged control packets per node as well as the number of colors used.

International audience; Graph coloring was exploited in wireless sensor networks to solve many optimization problems. These problems are related in general to channel assignment. In this paper, we propose to jointly use coloring for routing purposes. We introduce CHRA a coloring based hierarchical routing approach. Coloring is exploited to avoid interferences and also to schedule nodes transmissions to sink. We provide an analytical and experimental study assessing the performance of CHRA in terms of end-to-end delay and energy consumption. In particular, we find that CHRA performs better than LEACH, a well established hierarchical routing protocol.

International audience; no abstract

International audience; no abstract

International audience; OBJECTIVE: Visceral leishmaniasis is an important health problem in Tunisia. The aim of this study was to update the epidemiological and clinical features of the disease. DESIGN: We performed a retrospective systematic sampling of epidemiological and clinical data collected from the medical records of 1,096 cases of visceral leishmaniasis diagnosed between 1996 and 2006 all over the country. RESULTS: The mean annual incidence of cases was 99.6 cases/year. The mean annual incidence rate was 1.04 cases/100,000 inhabitants, showing an important increase compared to former studies. As expected, children under 5 years (866 cases) were the most affected with a mean annual incidence rate of 9.6 cases/100,000 (p

International audience; Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases in children less than five years of age were recorded from 1996 through 2006 from Tunisian pediatric departments. Mean incidence rates were calculated for each of the 215 districts in the study area. Averages of annual rainfall and extreme values of low temperatures in winter and high temperatures in summer were used to characterize the climate of each district according to its continentality index and bioclimatic zone. A geographic information system and a local indicator of spatial association were used to summarize the spatial properties of VL distribution. Poisson spatial regression was performed to study the relationship between VL incidence rates and climatic parameters. We identified one hot-spot region of 35 inland districts located mostly in the semi-arid bioclimatic zone and two cold-spots located in coastal regions of the northeastern sub-humid zone and the southeastern arid zone. The incidence rate of VL was positively correlated with mean yearly rainfall and continentality index.

International audience; Multi-locus microsatellite typing (MLMT) has been employed to infer the population structure of Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) (Diptera: Psychodidae) sandflies and assign individuals to populations. Phlebotomus papatasi sandflies were collected from 35 sites in 15 countries. A total of 188 P. papatasi individuals were typed using five microsatellite loci, resulting in 113 different genotypes. Unique microsatellite signatures were observed for some of the populations analysed. Comparable results were obtained when the data were analysed with Bayesian model and distance-based methods. Bayesian statistic-based analyses split the dataset into two distinct genetic clusters, A and B, with further substructuring within each. Population A consisted of five subpopulations representing large numbers of alleles that were correlated with the geographical origins of the sandflies. Cluster B comprised individuals collected in the Middle East and the northern Mediterranean area. The subpopulations B1 and B2 did not, however, show any further correlation to geographical origin. The genetic differentiation between subpopulations was supported by F statistics showing statistically significant (Bonferroni-corrected P < 0.005) values of 0.221 between B2 and B1 and 0.816 between A5 and A4. Identification of the genetic structure of P. papatasi populations is important for understanding the patterns of dispersal of this species and to developing strategies for sandfly control.

International audience; The epidemiological situation of leishmaniasis in Tunisia is characterised by the co-existence in a very limited territory (165,000 km2, Sahara included), of 4 clinical forms: the infantile visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and 3 cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) forms (sporadic, zoonotic and chronic). In addition to the useful epidemiological data, identification of the causative parasitic species is essential to determine the geographic distribution of each form and to select appropriate therapeutic procedure and suitable control measures. 226 Leishmania isolates, 135 human's coming from 59 VL cases and 76 CL cases and 91 canine's were identified by the isoenzyme electrophoresis reference technique. Results confirm the endemicity of the 4 forms mentioned above. The sporadic CL, confined to the North of the country is principally caused by L. infantum MON-24 (72.2%). VL which has reached the southern ridge in the central area of Tunisia, in the governorate of Kairouan (36 typed isolates), presents an unusual high proportion of L. infantum MON-24. In fact, this zymodeme, rather dermotropic is responsible for 47.2% of the cases vs 13% in the other regions of the country where L. infantum MON-1 remains predominant with 78.3% of typed isolates, the difference being statistically significant (P < 0.01). A third zymodeme, L. infantum MON-80 is sporadically pointed out during VL or in sporadic CL. Despite the high number of canine isolates (n=91) coming from 6 governorates, only the zymodeme L. infantum MON-1 was identified, letting hypothetic the reservoir of the 2 other zymodemes of the species identified in humans. Those absences may be related to cross infections, with a low sensitivity to L. infantum MON-24 leading to a selection of MON-1 at the time of culture passages. Hence it is important to develop molecular tools of direct identification on initial biological samples without going through cultures. Zoonotic CL remains the predominant cutaneous form in the central and southern area of Tunisia. However L. killicki, agent of the chronic CL, is confirming its presence out of its original focus of Tataouine in the southern-east of the country in both zoonotic CL and VL areas.

International audience; Ce travail, de nature expérimentale, est consacré à l'étude d'un jet laminaire axisymétrique impactant une plaque plane horizontale chauffée et dont la température est maintenue fixe à l'aide d'un système d'asservissement. En particulier, nous nous intéressons au lieu de décollement de la couche limite cinématique et thermique du fluide et dont la distance à l'axe du jet traduit la compétition entre les effets d'inertie qui, dans les régimes d'écoulement considérés ici, sont stabilisateurs, puisqu'ils ont tendance à plaquer le fluide sur la paroi, et les effets de flottabilité, qui inversement ont tendance à déstabiliser l'écoulement

International audience; In order to identify the phlebotomine sandfly populations in Tunisian leishmaniosis foci, an entomological survey was carried out through three entomological seasons (2002-2003-2004) in 19 visceral and cutaneous leishmaniosis areas, located in six bioclimatic zones. Sandfly collections were based on light and sticky traps placed around human leishmaniosis cases. 8,722 phlebotomine sandflies belonging to 12 species were collected. The dominance of subgenus Lorroussius species in northern foci, Phlebotomus papatasi in south-western foci and their co-dominance in the centre of the country is in accordance with the distribution of Leishmania infantum and L. major in Tunisia. The low density found in the historical zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniosis focus of Metlaoui in the south-west may indicate the high competence of the local populations. Studied phlebotomine settlements have showed a low specific diversity in most of the studied sites. In L. infantum areas, the dominant species were respectively: P. perfiliewi in the cutaneous leishmaniosis site of the humid bioclimatic stage, P. perniciosus in the cutaneous and visceral leishmaniosis foci of semi-arid and and bioclimatic stages and P. longicuspis in the visceral lershmaniosis focus of Saharan bioclimate. In the zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniosis foci, P. papatosi was a dominant species. In the well-known southeastern foci of cutaneous leishmaniosis due to L. killicki, P. sergenti was a dominant species with P. perniciosus. In the central emerging foci of L. killicki, P. pemiciosus was a dominant species in some sites whereas it was very rare in others. In these sites, the subgenus Paraphlebotomus was always present with a higher abundance of P. alexandri than P. sergenti.

International audience

The assessment of building thermal comfort quality in the Mediterranean context necessitates an accurate knowledge of air temperature and velocity fields inside the space. Also, these thermal and airflow aspects must be considered in combination because of their very strong interdependence. In this particular context, a three-dimensional calculation model of coupled heat transfer and airflow calculation has been developed, which enables the evaluation of temperature field and airflow pattern inside unconditioned buildings under transient conditions, taking into account external conditions. This approach is based on a temperature and pressure driven zonal airflow model, coupled with a thermal model founded on the coupling of reduced-order state models. By combining this with a thermal comfort model it is possible to evaluate the thermal quality of buildings by the prediction of a comfort vote. This paper presents an application of the coupled simulation tool dealing with the influence of a night na...

This paper presents a three-dimensional zonal model, ZAER, for heat transfer and air flow calculations. It is based on an intermediate approach between single-air-node and CFD models. The indoor air volume is divided into macroscopic homogeneous zones. Heat and mass balance equations are written for each zone, while the mass flow rates across the interfaces are calculated by power pressure laws. The simulation tool ZAER allows the determination of temperature fields and air flow distributions inside unconditioned buildings, taking into account external boundary conditions. We also present an experimental validation of the model by comparing its predictions with experimental data obtained from measurements on the experimental cell Minibat (CETHIL, INSA Lyon Laboratory), for different configurations. The results obtained are in good agreement with experimental data, and suggest that the ZAER model is an appropriate tool to assess satisfactorily temperature heterogeneity and air movement within a room.

Des expériences de visualisations de jets de plasmas créés par laser à CO2 impulsionnel sur matériaux solides ont été réalisées afin d'étudier le comportement hydrodynamique de ces plasmas créés en atmosphère variable (de 102 Pa à 105 Pa). On s'intéressera plus particulièrement dans cette présentation aux plasmas de carbone se propageant dans de l'air synthétique à faible pression. Pour des conditions bien particulières de densité d'énergie et de pression ambiante, le caractère instable d'une onde de souffle a été mis en évidence. Cette instabilité hydrodynamique se caractérise par la formation d'un second front (anévrisme) prenant naissance dans la partie frontale de l'onde de souffle exposée au rayonnement laser.