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International audience

International audience

International audience

International audience

International audience

International audience

International audience

International audience

International audience; We show that the acuity of the Approximate Number System (ANS), a cognitive system that allows humans and many animal species to evaluate quantities without using exact calculations, is a strong predictor of subjects’ earnings in experimental markets. We measure ANS acuity with a bounded number line estimation (NLE) task and find that subjects who perform better on the NLE task, obtain higher earnings in a continuous double auction experimental market. We underline two channels through which high ANS acu- ity subjects achieve better performance: they are rewarded for offering liquidity and are faster at exploiting trading opportunities. We also show that, in a given market, the distribution of NLE scores influences mispricing. Our results are unchanged when we control for differences in trading intensity, risk aversion, background education or demographic characteristics.

International audience; We revisit the theory of financial crises using a predator-prey metaphor, highlighting the relationship between greed, risk aversion and debt accumulation and aggregating concepts from economics, finance and psychology. We argue that regulations that are implemented inefficiently, with weak enforcement or at the wrong time can have deleterious effects on the market, worsening the ailment they initially intended to correct and leaving a spray of prey in their wake. To illustrate our hypothesis, we examine the role of regulations in the years leading up to and during the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) in the United States, when the Federal Reserve tried to restrain the over-heated housing market propelled by the predatory mortgage frenzy and the increased use of securitization in risk-hiding financial tools such as Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs). Our results indicate that deleterious government interventions may act as a chemotherapy of sorts, causing harm followed by a slow recovery. This understanding can help governments draft better regulations to lower market frictions and better protect investors.

International audience; When time is of the essence and teams face unexpected contextual changes, they must adapt quickly, sometimes even in real time, that is, they may have to improvise. This paper adopts an inductive approach to explore how teams decide to engage in improvised adaptation, and what happens during those processes for improvisation to be successful. The study analyzes improvisation from the perspective of paradox theory and identifies six paradoxical tensions driven by these contexts: deployment, development, temporal, procedural, structural, and behavioral tensions. We propose a dynamic equilibrium model of team improvised adaptation that leads to team plasticity. By properly managing the paradoxical tensions emerging from the convergence of design and execution, teams become more plastic and able to cope with sudden change. These findings contribute to adaptation and improvisation literatures by delving into the adaptation process under the temporal and material confluence of design and execution.

International audience; This paper analyses the development of pseudo micro-profit centres (MPCs) at Kitanihon, a Japanese manufacturer. MPCs aim to relate financial and operational concerns by sensitising operators to the financial consequences of their actions and by triggering financial improvements. MPCs, however, also create many small interdependent responsibility centres, which makes it difficult to delegate financial accountability. The paper studies the dynamic construction of relations between financial and operational concerns when structural interdependencies are important. It analyses such construction as a process of mediation. While extant studies focus on how accounting calculations, as mediating instruments, help linking dispersed people, aspirations and domains, the paper studies how accounting requires itself to be mediated to relate financial and operational concerns and to become powerful.It shows that people, spaces and instruments form a heterogeneous ‘web of mediators’ by which relations between accounting and operations are constructed. It shows how structural interdependencies take part in this mediation of relations. Finally, this study shows that mediation does not link, but transforms mediated entities including accounting, which forms, per-forms and trans-forms along the chain of mediation it helps constituting.

International audience; Digitalisation offers a wide array of opportunities, but also challenges, for universities and business schools alike, regarding the provision and delivery of their teaching and learning activities. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted some of these challenges, as it forced educational institutions to move their pedagogic activities online in line with new governmental regulations. In this article, we identify and discuss critically the following three interconnected challenges: (1) shifting from direct embodied co-presence to technologically mediated telepresence, (2) re-embodying teaching and learning activities and (3) rethinking the purpose and relevance of teachings in business schools. We explore these challenges through a phenomenological lens, informed by the Heideggerian concepts of enframing ( Gestell) and releasement ( Gelassenheit), with a focus on (re-)embodiment. Finally, we discuss the need, for teachers and learners, to be able to reflectively move between embodied and digital(ised) forms of learning and teaching and outline some implications and perspectives regarding the development of an integral pedagogy.

International audience; This study aims at determining the effect of perceived risk, privacy concerns, and smart speaker learning capabilities on the adoption of smart speakers for voice shopping. To this end, we used the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and the interpersonal theory of personality to propose a conceptual model that we tested using a mixed methods research design. Our results show that indeed, perceived risks, privacy concerns, and perceived learnability of smart speakers influence consumer intention to use smart speakers for voice shopping, which then influences actual use. Theoretically, this paper contributes to new theoretical perspectives regarding the learning capabilities of AI systems and their importance in AI adoption. Specifically, we use an insightful interpersonal theory and develop a scale that can be used to measure the learnability of AI systems as perceived by users. Practically, we show information systems (IS) and marketing managers key factors that need to be considered when providing voice shopping services through smart speakers.

CNRS 4, FNEGE 4, HCERES C; International audience; La Revue Internationale de Psychosociologie et de Gestion des Comportements Organisationnels (RIPCO) est une revue interdisciplinaire dont l’objectif est de publier des articles de recherche portant plus particulièrement sur le comportement organisationnel – quel que soit le type d’organisation étudiée, la méthodologie utilisée et les contextes au sein desquels les travaux de recherche sont effectués. Ces articles peuvent être de nature théorique ou empirique. [...]

International audience; Cet article examine les facteurs qui expliquent les représailles contre les lanceurs d’alerte. Les lanceurs d’alerte jouent un rôle important au sein de leur organisation, mais ils sont souvent confrontés à des représailles virulentes. Notre approche s’appuie sur la théorie des ressources sociales et, plus précisément, sur les ressources socio-émotionnelles qui sont échangées dans les organisations sur la durée. Nous proposons un modèle d’analyse fondé sur six propositions, basées sur la théorie des échanges socio-émotionnels. Nous montrons que la force du sentiment négatif contre les lanceurs d’alerte vient de l’idée qu’en s’exprimant, le lanceur d’alerte a manqué à un devoir de loyauté. Mais à qui cette loyauté est-elle due ?

International audience; This study sheds light on the perception of corporate environmental management (CEM) in the lending business from the lenders’ perspective. The importance of the implementation of the CEM practices of borrowing companies indicated by bank managers is used to measure the bank managers’ perceptions of CEM in lending decisions. In addition, this paper examines the influence of institutional motivations – coercive, mimetic and normative – on the perception of CEM. A survey was conducted among 110 bank managers in France and Luxembourg in 2019. Through factor analysis and regression modeling, we found that banks’ CEM requirements for borrowing firms are mainly determined by pressure-type motivations, such as coercive and mimetic, rather than benefit-type motivations, such as financial and reputational. Our results offer new insights into how bank managers perceive the importance of CEM in lending decision-making and explain the perceptions that have been less studied in the existing literature.

International audience

International audience; Lean management is a way for companies to improve their productivity and bring down their costs. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) aims to meet the expectations of stakeholders concerning a company’s impact on the environment and society. Despite their importance, and sometimes their coexistence, companies tend to tackle these two approaches separately. In this study, which employs a qualitative survey of seven companies, we attempt to understand the synergies and possible contradictions between Lean and CSR approaches. Firstly, it is clear that Lean, like CSR, concerns the economy, the environment, and stakeholder relations. Secondly, when combined, these two approaches compensate for their respective shortfalls: Lean management makes it possible to justify CSR on economic and financial levels, and provides CSR with a rigorous methodology in terms of operational management. CSR brings Lean management a way to consolidate its social and environmental benefits, and brings meaning that fosters employee engagement and extends the intervention scope of Lean to external stakeholders. This study also highlights a common key success factor, i.e., a corporate culture aimed at excellence. On this basis, the study recommends the combined implementation of both approaches in order to maximize their respective benefits. Seen from this perspective, CSR could be considered as continuous improvement of the company’s overall performance, the first step of which would be Lean.

National audience

International audience; This study investigates the role of eco-control systems in translating the proactive environmental strategies (PES) of third party logistics providers (TPLs) into economic and environmental performances using variance-based structural equation modelling, popularly known as PLS-SEM. Analysis of survey data from 232 French TPLs indicate that improved performance depends on the type of TPL organizational core that is mobilized by the PES. Indeed, while the PES of the operations function can improve both environmental and economic performances, the PES of the marketing function contributes only to improved economic performance. The results also reveal that eco-control systems play a prominent role in fostering TPL environmental performance while economic performance remains unchanged. In this regard, eco-control systems can help TPL managers deploy their strategic environmental intentions and achieve improved environmental performance by motivating and directing employees along environmental purposes, providing key information related to environmental activities, and prompting opportunity-seeking behaviors. Overall, the study answers recent calls for research on the green initiatives of TPLs and provides novel insights that can spur on further research.

International audience; We investigate whether number processing impacts the limit order aggressiveness of retail investors. When posting non-marketable orders, individual investors are less aggressive on small price stocks than on large price stocks. This difference is not explained by differences in liquidity and other usual drivers of order aggressiveness. No such difference exists for limit orders of high-frequency traders. The small price bias is detrimental to retail investors since it increases the costs borne when trading small price stocks.

International audience

International audience; In this challenging and innovative article, we propose a framework for the consumer behavior named “consumer financial spinning”. It occurs when borrowers-consumers of products with high financial stakes accumulate unsustainable debt and disconnect from their initial financial hierarchy of needs, wealth-related goals, and preferences over their household portfolio of assets. Three behaviors characterize daredevil consumers as they spin their wheel of misfortune, which together form a dark financial triangle: overconfidence, use of rationed rationality, and deceitfulness. We provokingly adapt some of the tenets of the Markowitz and Capital Asset Pricing models in the context of the predatory paradigm that consumer financial spinning entails and use modeling principles from the data percolation methodology. We partially test the proposed framework and show under what realistic conditions the relationship between expected returns and risk may depart from linearity. Our analysis and results appear timely and important because a better understanding of the psychological conditions that fuel intense speculation may restrain market frictions, which historically have kept reappearing and are likely to reoccur on a regular basis.

International audience

International audience

The French "PACTE" Law (May 22, 2019) contains several measures relating to the development of retirement savings. The primary goal of the bill is to standardize the existing retirement savings products, while financing the economy and offering savers a higher expected return in a competitive framework. The new law asks at least two questions. That of the effect of pension assets on economic growth, and the issue of modelling stock price dynamics. This paper focuses on assessing the risks associated with providing retirement benefits through a funded plan and analyzes the «well-being» that consumers can get from pension funds compared to PAYG schemes. The results provided by a model built to study the linked impacts of demography and the economy on the French pension system are unambiguous. The comparison of internal rates of return show that if stock prices follow a random walk, a risk averse investor will get more «utility» from PAYG scheme. On the other hand, if stock prices are mean-reverting a massive investment in risky assets would compete public pension plans.; La loi PACTE du 22 mai 2019 vise à orienter l’épargne vers des placements longs productifs en favorisant l’essor de l’épargne retraite. Elle aspire conjointement à modifier la ligne de partage entre répartition et capitalisation. Cette disposition pose deux questions. Celle de l’impact de la capitalisation sur la croissance et celle de la dynamique que l’on prête aux actifs risqués. Cet article est centré sur la mesure du risque associée à l’utilisation des revenus du capital pour financer les retraites et examine la question centrale de l’utilité que les agents peuvent retirer de leur abondement au fonds d’épargne. Les résultats des simulations réalisées dans le cadre démo-économique français montrent que si le prix des actifs risqués suit une marche aléatoire (EMH), les agents averses au risque ne pourront pas obtenir sur les marchés un ratio « rendement / risque » équivalent à celui procuré implicitement par l’édifice des régimes par répartition. En revanche si les chocs sur les marchés boursiers ont un caractère transitoire, alors le marché pourrait concurrencer les régimes par répartition au prix d’un investissement massif en actifs risqués en début et milieu de vie active.

National audience

We empirically examine the connectedness between the oil market and the major precious metals (gold, silver platinum, palladium) and the base metal copper over the available period covering December 06, 1988 to August 31, 2018, using the wavelet coherence and quantile cross-spectral analyses. The major findings can be summed up as follows. First, regarding the connectedness among the considered precious metal markets, there is no evidence of identifying the causal interplays. Second, gold and platinum are highly connected with oil and they influence oil prices, especially during global markets' turmoil. Third, the cross-quantile coherency analysis shows that gold and silver exhibit the highest quantile coherency. Fourth, the intensity of the nexus between gold and copper attains its nadir at the extreme upper and lower quantiles. Our empirical findings have relevant implications for investors. It is important for investors in commodity markets to make appropriate investment market decisions in extreme market circumstances. On the other hand, policymakers may benefit from our research, as they could generate suitable strategies.

International audience; In this paper, we coin the term “organizational expulsion” to theorize a process of purposeful inequality creation by management through excluding groups of employees from the organization. Empirical observations at four case studies of restructuring in German airports show how management expelled an entire workforce segment through social practices of boundary work. This boundary work includes three sets of practices: (1) restricting options for internal representation, (2) justifying a re-evaluation of organizational members’ contributions, and (3) negotiating the consequences for remaining members. We discuss how organizational explanations of inequality production could benefit from embracing organizational expulsion as a more actor-oriented, political as well as context-sensitive concept. Further studies into organizational expulsion could look into other varieties of organizations and industry settings to deepen our understanding of when, how and with what consequences dominant groups in organizations shift the burden of organizational adaptation to vulnerable groups within organizations and beyond.

International audience; Using both survey and trading data from 9,286 retail investors for the 2005–2011 period, we highlight the impact of financial literacy and risk tolerance on retail stock portfolio exposure to environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) factors. Our results also reveal that the three ESG factors are not homogeneous and should be considered separately. Lower exposure to ESG factors during the crisis period suggests that ESG investing is a luxury good for most investors.

PurposeDo LEGO® SERIOUS PLAY® (LSP) workshops result in improved experience of flow components as well as higher levels of creative output than traditional meetings (MEET)? This research studies the extent to which LSP, as a specialized material-mediated and process-oriented cocreative workshop setting, differs from MEET, a traditional workshop setting. Hypotheses for differences in individual flow components (autotelic behavior, happiness, balance), group flow components (equal participation, continuous communication) and creative output were developed and tested in a quasi-experimental comparison between LSP and MEET.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted with 39 practitioners in six teams from various industries. In total, 164 observations were collected during two workshops using the Experience Sampling Method. The creative output was assessed by peer evaluations of all participants, followed by structural analysis and quantitative group comparisons.FindingsThe results show that two components of individual flow experience (autotelic behavior, happiness) were significantly higher in LSP, and one of the components of group flow experience (continuous communication) was, as expected, significantly lower. Regarding creative output, the LSP teams outperformed the MEET teams. The study suggests that a process-oriented setting that includes time for individuals to independently explore their ideas using a different kind of material in the presence of other participants has a significant influence on the team result.Practical implicationsLSP can improve the components of participants' flow experience to have an impact on the creative output of teams. In cocreative settings like LSP, teams benefit from a combination of alone time and high-quality collaborative activities using boundary objects and a clear process to share their ideas.Originality/valueThis is the first quasi-experimental study with management practitioners as participants to compare LSP with a traditional and widespread workshop approach in the context of flow experience and creative output.

International audience; This multidisciplinary article attempts to bridge the gap between policy-driven, agent-driven, psychological and market variables that may be factors in financial crises and may have been involved in the 2007–2009 Global Financial Crisis (GFC), which we use as an example. We conducted a quantitative study performed on 202 participants, who acted as proxies for consumers during that period. The results of this exploratory research tend to explain how transactions between eager borrowers/homebuyers and avid lenders developed in the context of a predatory broth, which had deceit at its center. This understanding can help regulators to canvas the use of financial tools and advertising techniques to minimize the negative impact on the economy.

International audience

International audience

PurposeCOVID-19 has pushed many supply chains to re-think and strengthen their resilience and how it can help organisations survive in difficult times. Considering the availability of data and the huge number of supply chains that had their weak links exposed during COVID-19, the objective of the study is to employ artificial intelligence to develop supply chain resilience to withstand extreme disruptions such as COVID-19.Design/methodology/approachWe adopted a qualitative approach for interviewing respondents using a semi-structured interview schedule through the lens of organisational information processing theory. A total of 31 respondents from the supply chain and information systems field shared their views on employing artificial intelligence (AI) for supply chain resilience during COVID-19. We used a process of open, axial and selective coding to extract interrelated themes and proposals that resulted in the establishment of our framework.FindingsAn AI-facilitated supply chain helps systematically develop resilience in its structure and network. Resilient supply chains in dynamic settings and during extreme disruption scenarios are capable of recognising (sensing risks, degree of localisation, failure modes and data trends), analysing (what-if scenarios, realistic customer demand, stress test simulation and constraints), reconfiguring (automation, re-alignment of a network, tracking effort, physical security threats and control) and activating (establishing operating rules, contingency management, managing demand volatility and mitigating supply chain shock) operations quickly.Research limitations/implicationsAs the present research was conducted through semi-structured qualitative interviews to understand the role of AI in supply chain resilience during COVID-19, the respondents may have an inclination towards a specific role of AI due to their limited exposure.Practical implicationsSupply chain managers can utilise data to embed the required degree of resilience in their supply chains by considering the proposed framework elements and phases.Originality/valueThe present research contributes a framework that presents a four-phased, structured and systematic platform considering the required information processing capabilities to recognise, analyse, reconfigure and activate phases to ensure supply chain resilience.

International audience; This article presents Key Consensus Factors (KCFs), i.e., those factors that contribute to mutual trust and effective cooperation among stakeholders in project-oriented marketing organizations (POMOs) that aspire to work together toward success. We extract tentative KCFs using the data percolation methodology, which emphasizes the findings of contrasting cases through research. The results of the 18 semi-structured interviews and two focus groups conducted over four years in two different cultures France and Canada lead us to propose four Key Consensus Factors (KCFs): (1) the establishment of behavioral norms, including mutual listening; (2) the meticulous respect for the triple constraint of the calendar of tasks and activities, costs, and quality; (3) the establishment of a common belief system with a clear goal in mind; and 4) the careful anticipation of unexpected risks. Our paper contributes empirically to discussions about the makeup of KCFs, a topic that has been little addressed in the marketing and project management literature. This paper fills the current gap that exists between the notions of Key Success Factors (KSFs), Key Failure Factors (KFFs) and Key Conensus Factors (KCFs). While countless studies have been conducted on KSFs and KFFs, especially in the project management literature, the literature on KCFs is scarce and, to our knowledge, no research centers on the link between the three sets of factors. Our paper can benefit organizations that engage in significant marketing efforts to carry out projects, as it offers a practical model that can guide their activities toward fruitful relationships among all stakeholders, including with their staff and clients. To that effect, we provide a KCF-based checklist aimed at cohesiveness within project-oriented marketing organizations.; Les facteurs clés de consensus dans les organisations marketing axés sur les projetsCet article présente les facteurs clés de consensus (FCC, ou en anglais KCF) qui contribuent à une confiance mutuelle et à une coopération efficace entre les parties prenantes des organisations marketing axées sur les projets qui aspirent à travailler ensemble pour assurer la réussite de l’entreprise. Les résultats des dix-huit entretiens semi-dirigés et des deux groupes de discussion que nous avons menés sur quatre ans nous amènent à proposer quatre facteurs clés de consensus (KCF) : 1) l’établissement de normes comportementales, y compris l’écoute mutuelle ; 2) le respect méticuleux de la triple contrainte calendrier tâches/activités, coûts et qualité ; 3) la mise en place d’un système de croyances communes avec un objectif clair en tête ; et 4) l’anticipation prudente des risques inattendus Cet article apporte une contribution empirique au concept de facteur clé de consensus (FCC), peu abordé dans la recherche en marketing et en gestion de projet, afin de lier les FCC aux notions plus traditionnelles de facteur clé de succès (FCS) et de facteur clé d’échec (FCE). Les études sur les FCS et les FCE sont très nombreuses, surtout dans le domaine de la gestion de projet, mais celles sur les FCC sont beaucoup plus rares. A notre connaissance, aucune recherche n’a encore essayé de lier FCC, FCS et FCE. Nous espérons que cette recherche aidera les organisations qui déploient des efforts significatifs en marketing pour mettre en œuvre leurs projets, car elle présente un modèle pratique qui peut guider leurs activités vers l’établissement de relations fructueuses entre toutes les parties prenantes, y compris le personnel et les clients. A cette fin, notre article comporte une liste de vérification qui vise à renforcer la cohésion à l’intérieur des organisations marketing axées sur les projets.

International audience

International audience; Even today, the majority of the Indian population does not have access to a quality health care system. To overcome this problem, entrepreneurs bring new ideas through technological progress and the use of social networks and mobile applications. In this article, the authors study 94 Indian healthcare startups launched between 2008 and 2019. The aim is to understand how these startups use innovative business models and how the digital transformation of the healthcare system is occurring. It emerges that new innovations (social networks, mobile applications, artificial intelligence and complex simulators) have made it possible to improve the connection between doctors and patients and that startups are revolutionizing the delivery of health care in India.

International audience; Despite the exponential development of crowdfunding mobilizing a crowd to fund a project is a challenge when it comes to a temporary organization such a festival. Through the lens of the signaling theory, this research investigates the key factors of success of crowdfunding campaigns for festivals on the basis of a dataset of 368 observations. While the results show similarities with those observed in other sectors regarding the projects information, they also highlight some specificities of cultural crowdfunding in the choice of the projects to fund.; Malgré le développement exponentiel du crowdfunding, la mobilisation de la foule pour financer un projet peut représenter un défi lorsqu’il s’agit d’une organisation temporaire comme un festival. Mobilisant la théorie du signal, cette recherche étudie les facteurs clés du succès des campagnes de crowdfunding pour les festivals à partir d’un échantillon de 368 observations. Si les résultats obtenus montrent des similitudes avec ceux observés dans d’autres secteurs concernant les informations liées aux projets, ils mettent également en évidence des spécificités du crowdfunding culturel dans le choix des projets à financer.

National audience

National audience

International audience; The goal of this special issue is to publish the latest research advancements in terms of theory development and empirical research that can guide policy makers in designing policies that maximize MNEs’ contributions to the SDGs. In addition, it can play an important role in helping MNEs with the implementation of the SDGs in their strategies and actions.We hope that our special Issue will also foster greater understanding of the positive roles that MNEs could play on implementing Sustainable Development Goals and of the factors that may affect their strategies.The Guest Editors of this Special Issue will invite original contributions that go beyond the dominant discourse and practices on implementing SDGs by exploring new approaches and pathways. Papers for consideration will be of different kinds: theoretical reflections, analytical models and frameworks, literature reviews, monographs, and case studies.

International audience; Drawing on the natural resource-based view and coordination theory, this study examines the extent to which different combinations of internal and external green supply chain management (GSCM) practices influence third-party logistics providers' (TPLs) operational and financial performances. A fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis of survey data from 232 TPLs shows that combined internal and external GSCM practices improve both operational and financial performances. However, taking into account the TPLs' size allows alternative combinations of GSCM practices: a combination of green supply and eco-design packaging improves small TPLs' performances, whereas a combination of all GSCM practices, except investment recovery and reverse logistics, improves large TPLs’ performances. By using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis instead of traditional linear methodologies, this study offers a new approach to determine the configurations of internal and external GSCM practices that lead to enhanced operational and financial performances in TPLs, rather than treating each GSCM practice separately.

International audience; Organizational teams operate in increasingly volatile environments in which the speed and degree of change accelerates, demanding rapid adaptation processes namely of the improvisational type. It is therefore essential to understand how to prepare teams to operate in such contexts. This work investigates the effects of team mental model similarity, in-action reflexivity, and transitional reflexivity on team-improvised adaptation performance and on team-improvised adaptation learning. Two experiments were conducted with a total of 121 teams. We manipulated the independent variables and used an overtime design to measure team-improvised adaptation learning. Our findings suggest that teams operating in unpredictable environments that require rapid adaptation should be able to reflect collectively, both while acting and between tasks. These teams should also develop a common understanding of the main elements of the context and the task, so that they are effective in the face of unpredictability and rapid change.

International audience

International audience; Groups are pervasive in healthcare institutions and take on a variety of shapes. This paper uses a typology that allows us to understand the distinctive characteristics of team operations, based on interdependence and interactive dimensions. It looks at factors that influence team effectiveness in organizational settings. We review different frameworks that shed light in explaining the conditions that lead to group effectiveness. From the classical input-process-output (IPO) model to the input-mediator-output-input (IMOI) model of team effectiveness; the taxonomy of team process and emergent estates, as well as the teams understood as complex adaptive systems and also studied from the multiteam system perspective. We also report the need for more robust research designs to contribute to the field’s further advancement. There is consensus among scholars demanding further conceptual frameworks, as well as powerful research designs that capture process-oriented theory and research on team effectiveness. Some future directions and recommendations are suggested.

International audience; The banking industry plays a crucial role in any economy by providing diverse services aimed at enhancing economic growth. In recent decades, this sector has been transformed due to financial liberalization and new regulatory rules. Therefore, measuring the efficiency of banking institutions is critically important to identify the evolution of efficiency drivers for banks. Based on a sample of 90 individual banks from four different world regions (Europe, US, China, and India), this paper conducts data envelopment, stochastic frontier and anova analyses to measure cost efficiency over a 15-year period (2002–2016). While the overall liberalization of financial markets seems to induce a convergence among efficiency strategies privileging cost minimization to improve efficiency, the existence of state intervention in China and India nuances our results. State owned banks base their efficiency more on maximization of their potential revenue than on controlling costs. On the contrary, their private peers are more similar to Western peers.