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1. Losses in interacting quantum gases: Ultraviolet divergence and its regularization

Author

Léa Dubois, Léo-Paul Barbier, Isabelle Bouchoule, Laboratoire Charles Fabry / Gaz Quantiques, Laboratoire Charles Fabry (LCF), and Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Thermal equilibrium, Physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Ultraviolet divergence, Time evolution, FOS: Physical sciences, Dissipation, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Dimension (vector space), [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), law, Regularization (physics), Quantum electrodynamics, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Divergence (statistics), Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, Bose–Einstein condensate
Abstract

We investigate the effect of losses on an interacting quantum gas. We show that, for gases in dimension higher than one, assuming together a vanishing correlation time of the reservoir where dissipation occurs, and contact interactions leads to a divergence of the energy increase rate. This divergence is a combined effect of the contact interactions, which impart arbitrary large momenta to the atoms, and the infinite energy width of the reservoir associated to its vanishing correlation time. We show how the divergence is regularized when taking into account the finite energy width of the reservoir, and, for large energy width, we give an expression for the energy increase rate that involves the contact parameter. We then consider the specific case of a weakly interacting Bose Einstein condensate, that we describe using the Bogoliubov theory. Assuming slow losses so that the gas is at any time described by a thermal equilibrium, we compute the time evolution of the temperature of the gas. Using a Bogoliubov analysis, we also consider the case where the regularization of the divergence is due to the finite range of the interaction between atoms., 5 pages + appendices

Published
2021
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2. Breakdown of Tan’s Relation in Lossy One-Dimensional Bose Gases

Author

Jérôme Dubail, Isabelle Bouchoule, Laboratoire Charles Fabry / Gaz Quantiques, Laboratoire Charles Fabry (LCF), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Coupling constant, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Quantum Physics, General Physics, etc, Bose gas, General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, [PHYS.COND.GAS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Quantum Gases [cond-mat.quant-gas], Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, General Physics and Astronomy, Scattering length, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], Momentum, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, Atom, Rapidity, Quantum Information, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, 010306 general physics, Adiabatic process, Stationary state
Abstract

In quantum gases with contact repulsion, the distribution of momenta of the atoms typically decays as $\sim 1/|p|^4$ at large momentum $p$. Tan's relation connects the amplitude of that $1/|p|^4$ tail to the adiabatic derivative of the energy with respect to the gas' coupling constant or scattering length. Here it is shown that the relation breaks down in the one-dimensional Bose gas with contact repulsion, for a peculiar class of stationary states. These states exist thanks to the infinite number of conserved quantities in the system, and they are characterized by a rapidity distribution which itself decreases as $1/|p|^4$. In the momentum distribution, that rapidity tail adds to the usual Tan contact term. Remarkably, atom losses, which are ubiquitous in experiments, do produce such peculiar states. The development of the tail of the rapidity distribution originates from the ghost singularity of the wavefunction immediately after each loss event. This phenomenon is discussed for arbitrary interaction strengths, and it is supported by exact calculations in the two asymptotic regimes of infinite and weak repulsion., Comment: v1: 6 pages. v2: accepted version. 6 pages+10 pages of Supplemental Material. Substantial revision, which includes a full derivation of Eq. (4), relating the tail of the momentum distribution to the one of the rapidity distribution

Published
2021
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3. Low incidence of SARS-CoV-2, risk factors of mortality and the course of illness in the French national cohort of dialysis patients

Author

Cécile Couchoud, Florian Bayer, Carole Ayav, Clémence Béchade, Philippe Brunet, François Chantrel, Luc Frimat, Roula Galland, Maryvonne Hourmant, Emmanuelle Laurain, Thierry Lobbedez, Lucile Mercadal, Olivier Moranne, Abdelhamid Abbassi, Alain Debure, Abdallah Guerraoui, Abdelatif Benmoussa, Abdelaziz Hamani, Abdelaziz Ziane, Abdelhamid Nefti, Abdelkader Hadj, Abderrahim El Amari, Abderrahmane Ghazali, Abo Bakr Abd El Fatah Mohamed, Achour Laradi, Adel Ben Ahmed, Adel Sahar, Adele Pillet, Adeline Lacraz, Adnan Moinat, Afshin Massoumi, Agathe Pardon, Agnes Caillette Beaudoin, Agnes Chapelet Debout, Agnes Mariot, Ahmed Rachi, Aida Afiani, Aime Remy Boula, Al Jalaby, Alain Cremault, Alain Fournier, Alain Jeanson, Alain Lyon, Alain Nony, Alain Robert, Alain Slingeneyer, Alanor Agnes Labatide, Albane Brodin Sartorius, Albert Bensman, Albert Fournier, Alex Ranlin, Alex Vido Sandor, Alexandra Colombo, Alexandra Duhem, Alexandra Stancu, Alexandre Dufay, Alexandre Dumoulin, Alexandre Ebel, Alexandre Klein, Alexandre Martin, Alexandre Mouneimne, Alexandre Seidowsky, Alfio De Martin, Alfredo Zannier, Ali Aizel, Ali Hafi, Ali Zineddine Diddaoui, Alim Heyani, Alina Mocanu, Alina Preda, Aline Hafi, Aline Talaszka, Alyette Duquesne, Amar Amaouche, Amel Ghemmour, Amelie Simon, Amina Skalli, Amine Boukadida, Amr Ekhlas Ragab Eid, Ana Fedorca, Anabelle Baillet, Anais Poyet, Ancuta Bouffandeau Giorgita, Anderson Ratsimbazafy, Andre Pruna, Angel Argiles, Angelo Testa, Ann Karolien Vandooren, Anne Jolivot, Anne Kolko Labadens, Anne Lataste, Anne Maisin, Anne Paris, Anne Sechet, Anne Wuillai, Anne Elisabeth Heng, Anne Gaelle Josse, Anne Helene Querard, Anne Helene Reboux, Anne Laure Adra, Anne Laure Faller, Anne Laure Leclerc, Anne Laure Poitou, Annie Lahoche Manucci, Antoine Jacquet, Antoine Pommereau, Antoine Thierry, Arezki Adem, Arielle Chapelet, Arnaud Del Bello, Arnaud Delezire, Arnaud Garnier, Arnaud Guerard, Arnaud Klisnick, Arnaud Lionet, Arnaud Roccabianca, Arnaud Stolz, Arthur Capdeville, Asma Allal, Assem Alrifai, Assetou Diarrassouba, Assia Djema, Assia Ferhat Carre, Astrid Godron Dubrasquet, Atman Haddj Elmrabet, Audrey Jegado, Aurelia Bertholet Thomas, Aurelie Davourie Salandre, Aurelie Pajot, Aurelien Lorthioir, Aurelien Tiple, Aurore Sury, Ayman Abokasem, Ayman Sarraj, Bachir Henaoui, Baher Chaghouri, Bassem Wehbe, Beatrice Ball, Beatrice Viron, Belkassem Issad, Benedicte Hodemon Corne, Benedicte Janbon, Benjamin Deroure, Benjamin Savenkoff, Benoit Jonon, Benoit Vendrely, Benyakoub Djelaleddine, Bernard Ohry, Bernard Painchart, Bernard Strullu, Bernard Temperville, Bertin Ebikili, Bertrand Hacq, Bertrand Morel, Bilal Aoun, Blanca Muniz, Bouchra Chlih, Brahim Amara, Brice Mayor, Brigitte Gilson, Brigitte Llanas, Brigitte Zins, Bruno Bourgeon, Bruno Coevoet, Bruno Guery, Bruno Legallicier, Bruno Paris, Bruno Ranchin, Bruno Seigneuric, Camelia Ghiciuc Dita, Camelia Prelipcean, Carine Achard Hottelart, Carine Diet, Carlos Frangie, Carlos Vela, Carmina Muresan, Carole Deprele, Caroline Araujo, Caroline Bidault, Caroline Creput, Caroline Delclaux, Caroline Du Halgouet, Caroline Favennec, Caroline Freguin, Caroline Gourraud Vercel, Caroline Mesguen, Caroline Ndomo Obama, Caroline Poitou, Caroline Preissig Dirhold, Caroline Roubiou, Catherine Albert, Catherine Bessin, Catherine De Marion Gaja, Catherine Godart, Catherine Lasseur, Catherine Leocardi, Catherine Lumbroso, Catherine Melander, Catherine Michel, Catherine Quere Maurouard, Catherine Rouannet, Catherine Taddei, Cathy Verove, Cecile Guiraud, Cecile Tafelin, Cecile Turc Baron, Cedric Formet, Cedric Pinier, Celia Lessore De Ste Foy, Celine Granolleras, Chaouki Bennini, Charles Cartou, Charles Chazot, Charlotte Jouzel, Cherif Badid, Christa Roubicek, Christel Viaud, Christelle Verrier, Christian Chuet, Christian Combe, Christian Dabot, Christian Duvic, Christian Emond, Christian Lagarde, Christian Lamotte, Christian Pain, Christiane Mousson, Christie Lorriaux, Christine Beauchamp, Christine Fumeron, Christine Le Gurun, Christine Leroy, Christine Pietrement, Christine Richer, Christophe Bouaka, Christophe Charasse, Christophe Goupy, Christophe Ridel, Cindy Castrale, Cindy Detourne, Clair Francois, Claire Presne, Claire Trivin, Clarissa Von Kotze, Claude Bernard, Claude Bonniol, Claude Desvergnes, Claude Raharivelina, Claudia Nistor, Claudine Gueret, Claudine Lloret, Claudine Saltiel, Clelia Rosati, Clementine Rabate, Corina Stanescu, Corinne Ferrandini, Corinne Guibergia, Corinne Lemoine, Corinne Passeron, Cynthia Kahil, Cyril Garrouste, Cyril Vo Van, Cyrille Jolimoy, Dalila Kesraoui, Damien Jolly, Damien Thibaudin, Dan Teboulle, Daniel Daubresse, Daniel Louvet, Daniel Rasamimanantsoa, Daniel Toledano, Daniela Babici, Daniela David, Daniela Dincu, Danielle Bruno, Delia May, Delphine Haussaire, Delphine Henriet Viprey, Denis Bugnon, Denis Fouque, Denis Morin, Derradji Nour, Diab Mohamed Mahmoud, Diana Istrati Cristescu, Didier Aguilera, Didier Coste, Didier Hamel, Didier Le Chapois, Didier Testou, Dilaver Erbilgin, Djamal Dahmane, Doan Bui Quang, Dominique Bertrand, Dominique Besnier, Dominique Blanchier, Dominique Briffa, Dominique Caux, Dominique Durand, Dominique Fleury, Dominique Guerrot, Dominique Hestin, Dominique Jaubert, Dominique Joly, Dominique Lombart, Dominique Pagniez, Dominique Pierre, Dominique Schohn, Donatien Ikonga, Dorina Visanica, Dorothee Bazin, Edouard Boury, Edouard Maksour, Ekoue Agbonon, Elarbi Harrami, Elena Marcu, Elena Tudorache, Elisabeth Caniot, Elisabeth Semjen, Elisabeth Tomkiewicz, Elise Scheidt, Elke Gaboriau, Elodie Lamouroux, Elsa Guiard, Elsa Martin Passos, Emerson Nsembani, Emilie Fache, Emilie Kalbacher, Emilie Pambrun, Emilie Pincon, Emma Allain Launay, Emmanuel Baron, Emmanuel Dupuis, Emmanuel Villar, Emmanuelle Charlin, Emmanuelle Hecquet, Emmanuelle Kohler, Emmanuelle Rosier, Enrique Figueroa, Eric Azoulay, Eric Canivet, Eric Daugas, Eric Gauthier, Eric Laruelle, Eric Le Guen, Eric Legrand, Eric Moumas, Eric Postec, Eric Prinz, Eric Renaudineau, Estelle Desport, Estelle Ricard Sutra, Etienne Berard, Etienne Ged, Etienne Robin, Eve Vilaine, Evelyne Bargas, Evelyne Mac Namara, François Combarnous, Fatima Yazbeck, Fabien Gerard, Fabien Metivier, Fabien Parazols, Fabien Soulis, Fabrice Garnier, Fadhila Pech Messaoudene, Fadi Haidar, Fanny Boullenger, Fanny Lepeytre, Fanny Leroy, Fares Frejate, Farid Bellahsene, Farid Bellhasene, Farid Saidani, Fatouma Toure, Faycal Kriaa, Fazia Nemmar, Fernando Vetromile, Florence Chalmin, Florence Lucats, Florence Sens, Florence Villemain, Florent Plasse, Fouad Lebhour, Francis Schillinger, Franck Berge, Franck Bourdon, Franck Bridoux, Franck Reynaud, Francois Babinet, Francois Basse, Francois Chantrel, Francois Clair, Francois Coulomb, Francois De Cornelissen, Francois Glowacki, Francois Marchal, Francois Maurice, Francois Nobili, Francois Pourreau, Francois Provot, Francois Roux Amani, Francoise Broux, Francoise Bulte, Francoise Heibel, Francoise Leonetti, Francoise Moussion Schott, Frank Le Roy, Frederic Besson, Frederic Lavainne, Frederic Tollis, Frederique Bocquentin, Frederique Meeus, Frederique Vecina, Friederike Von Ey, Gabriel Balit, Gabriel Choukroun, Gabriel Gruget, Gabriel Huchard, Gabriella Golea, Gabrielle Duneau, Gaelle Lefrancois, Gaelle Pelle, Gaetan Lebrun, Genevieve Dumont, Georges Brillet, Georges Deschenes, Georges Mourad, Georges Stamatakis, Geraldine Cazajous, Geraldine D'ythurbide, Geraldine Robitaille Wiart, Gerard Cardon, Gerard Champion, Gerard Deschodt, Gerard Mangenot, Gerard Motte, Gerard Schortgen, Ghada Boulahia, Ghassan Maakaroun, Ghylene Bourdat Michel, Gilbert Zanetta, Gilles Hufnagel, Gilles Messier, Giorgina Piccoli, Gregoire Couvrat Desvergnes, Guillaume Bobrie, Guillaume Bonnard, Guillaume Clement, Guillaume Jean, Guillaume Queffeulou, Guillaume Seret, Guillaume Vernin, Guy Delavaud, Guy Lambrey, Guy Rostoker, Gwenaelle Poussard, Gwenaelle Roussey Kesler, H. Leon, Habib Aboubekr, Hacene Boulechfar, Hacene Sekhri, Hadia Hebibi, Hadjira Benalia, Hafed Fessi, Hafsabhai Atchia, Haiat Bittar, Hakim Maiza, Hakim Mazouz, Hamid El Ali, Hammouche Bougrida, Hans Van Der Pijl, Hassan Lokmane, Hassane Izzedine, Hassen Adda, Helene De Preneuf, Helene Leray, Helene Philippot, Henri Boulanger, Henri Merault, Henri Renaud, Herve Bonarek, Herve Maheut, Hilaire Nzeyimana, Hocine Mehama, Hocine Zaidi, Hugo Weclawiak, Hugues Flodrops, Huseyin Karaaslan, Ibrahim Haskour, Ihssen Belhadj, Imad Almoubarak, Imad Haddad, Ines Castellano, Ines Ferrandiz, Ioana Daniliuc, Ioana Darie, Ioana Enache, Ionut Prunescu, Irenee Djiconkpode, Irina Shahapuni, Isabelle Bouchoule, Isabelle Devriendt, Isabelle Kazes, Isabelle Kolb, Isabelle Landru, Isabelle Poli, Isabelle Rey, Isabelle Segalen, Isabelle Selcer, Isabelle Vernier, Isabelle Vrillon, Ismahane Guenifi, J. Dominique Gheerbrandt, Jacky Potier, Jacques Becart, Jacques Cledes, Jacques Ducros, Jacques Duvic, Jacques Fourcade, Jacques Gaultier, Jacques Jurine, Jacques Lebleu, Jacques Ollier, Jacques Ibsen Charles, Jamal Yazji, Janette Mansour, Jean Arnautou, Jean Brocard, Jean Carolfi, Jean Montoriol, Jean Baptiste Gouin, Jean Bernard Palcoux, Jean Christophe Bendini, Jean Claude Aldigier, Jean Claude Alphonse, Jean Daniel Delbet, Jean Francois Bonne, Jean Francois Cantin, Jean Francois De Fremont, Jean Francois Dessassis, Jean Francois Subra, Jean Francois Valentin, Jean Francois Verdier, Jean Jacques Dion, Jean Jacques Haultier, Jean Jacques Montseny, Jean Louis Bacri, Jean Louis Bouchet, Jean Luc Mahe, Jean Marc Chalopin, Jean Marc Gabriel, Jean Marc Hurot, Jean Marc Lanau, Jean Marie Batho, Jean Marie Coulibaly, Jean Michel Hardin, Jean Michel Marc, Jean Michel Poux, Jean Michel Rebibou, Jean Michel Tivollier, Jean Noel Ottavioli, Jean Paul Faucon, Jean Paul Imiela, Jean Paul Jaulin, Jean Paul Masselot, Jean Paul Ortiz, Jean Philippe Bourdenx, Jean Philippe Devaux, Jean Philippe Hammelin, Jean Pierre Rivory, Jean Pierre Wauquier, Jean Rene Larue, Jean Rene Mondain, Jean Sebastien Borde, Jean Simon Virot, Jean Yves Bosc, Jedjiga Achiche, Jennifer Parasote, Jeremie Diolez, Jerome Harambat, Jerome Potier, Jerome Sampol, Jihad Mustel, Jean Jacques Lefevre, Jocelyne Maurizi, Joel Gamberoni, Joelle Claudeon, Joelle Terzic, Joffrey Rogol, Johnny Sayegh, Jorge Cardozo, Jose Brasseur, Jose Guiserix, Joseph Barsumau, Julie Albaret, Julie Beaume, Julie Sohier Attias, Julien Dehay, Julien Hogan, Julien Journet, Julien Ott, Juliette Baleynaud, Justine Bacchetta, Justine Faucher, Kamel Yousfi, Karim Dardim, Karine Clabault, Karine Moreau, Kedna Thomas, Khaled Sirajedine, Khalil Chedid, Khalil El Kaeoui, Khalil El Karoui, Khedidja Bouachi, Kheira Hue, Khuzama El Nasser, Kodso Akposso, Kristian Kunz, Krzysztof Bijak, Lilia Kihal, L. Rasoloarijaona, Laid Harbouche, Larbi Bencheikh, Larbie Lamriben, Latifa Hanafi, Laura Braun Parvez, Laure Champion, Laure Croze, Laure Eprinchard, Laure Patrier, Laurence Nicolet, Laurence Vrigneaud, Laurent Duflot, Leandre Mackaya, Leila Chenine, Leon Odry, Lili Taghipour Tamiji, Lilia Antri Bouzar, Liliane Ngango Nga Messi, Lionel Le Mouellic, Lise Mandart, Lise Weis, Lise Marie Pouteau, Lora Georgieva, Lorita Vitanova, Lotfi Chalabi, Luc Delvallez, Luc Fromentin, Luc Marty, Luc Monjot, Luciana Spataru, Lucie Bessenay, Lucie Boissinot, Lucie Wajsbrot, Lucien Rakoff, Ludivine Lebourg, Lydie Perez, Lyliane Lafage, Lynda Azzouz, Madeleine Dumoulin, Messaoud Ouziala, Maan Joseph, Mabrouk Brahimi, Maeva Wong Fat, Magalie Fort, Magued Nakhla, Mahdi Abtahi, Mahen Albadawy, Mahmoud Alouach, Mahmoud Mezghani, Maite Daroux, Maklouf Boukelmoune, Malek Dhib, Malik Touam, Malina Dubau, Mamadou Balde, Man Nguyen Khoa, Manfred Ismer, Manolie Mehdi, Manon Laforet, Marc Bouiller, Marc Eugene, Marc Fila, Marc Hazzan, Marc Kribs, Marc Ladriere, Marc Lebot, Marc Padilla, Marc Souid, Marcel Marraoui, Maren Burbach, Maria Manescu, Maria Eugenia Noguera Gonzalez, Mariana Revenco, Marianne Terrasse, Marie Essi, Marie Alice Macher, Marie Beatrice Nogier, Marie Cecile Cazin, Marie Christine Schweitzer Camoin, Marie Christine Thouret, Marie Claude Hannaert, Marie France Servel, Marie Helene Chabannier, Marie Jeanne Coudert Krier, Marie Noelle Catoliquot, Marie Paule Guillodo, Marie Sophie Gavard, Marie Xaviere Vairon Codaccioni, Marina Rabec, Marine Freist, Marion Gauthier, Marion Lemaire, Marion Mehrenberger, Marion Venot, Marios Pongas, Marlene Beaubrun Diant, Martial Levannier, Martine Bertaux, Mathieu Jablonski, Mathieu Sacquepee, Mathilde Dargelos, Mathilde Lemoine, Mathilde Tamain, Matthieu Monge, Matthieu Reberolle, Maud Cousin, Maud Francois, Maurice Baron, Maxime Hoffmann, Maxime Ingwiller, Maxime Touzot, Mederick Mohajer, Mehadji Maaz, Melanie Hanoy, Melanie Marroc, Melodie Cuny, Menno Van Der Straaten, Mf. Serveaux, Michel Basteri, Michel Fen Chong, Michel Hecht, Michel Massad, Michel Normand, Michel Olmer, Michel Tolani, Michel Tsimaratos, Michele Hemery, Michele Kessler, Miguel Esposito, Milad Shenouda, Mimi Kareche, Mina Khalili, Mirella Diaconita, Mohamad Khair Rifard, Mohamed Aladib, Mohamed Belmouaz, Mohamed Brahim, Mohamed Diouani, Mohamed Fodil Cherif, Mohamed Jamali, Mohamed Maghlaoua, Mohamed Meddeb, Mohamed Ramdane, Mohamed Rifaat, Mohamed Sharifull Islam, Mohamed Adnan Abbade, Mokhtar Amrandi, Mokhtar Chawki, Monica Ciobotaru, Monica Indrieis, Monique Chanas, Monique Hoarau, Monzer Tomeh, Moufida Bellou, Mouloud Bouzernidj, Mounia Ammor, Mounir Guergour, Mountassir Benzakour, Mourad Hachicha, Moussa Coulibaly, Mustafa Smati, Mustapha Al Morabiti, Mustapha Amirou, Myriam Isnard, Myriam Pastural, Myriam Pujo, Nourredine Boumendjel, Nabil Majbri, Nabila Goumri, Nadege Mingat, Nader Bassilios, Nadia Kerkeni, Nadia Sedrati, Nadia Soltani, Nadine Maroun, Nadine Neyrat, Nahn Luang, Najeh El Esper, Naji Ammar, Nasredine Ghali, Nasser Hamdini, Natacha Noel, Natacha Potelune, Nathalie Maisonneuve, Nathalie Pertuiset, Nathalie Raynal, Nathalie Vittoz, Nazim Terki, Nelly Castin, Nestor Nankeu, Nicolas Bouvier, Nicolas Keller, Nicolas Legros, Nicolas Peters, Nicolas Quirin, Nicole Lefrancois, Nicole Monnier, Nicole Rance, Niels Bruckmann, Noel Mertens, Nolwenn Lorcy, Olivia Gilbert, Olivier Coldefy, Olivier Drouineau, Olivier Dunand, Olivier Fritz, Olivier Imhoff, Olivier Kourilsky, Olivier Lavelle, Olivier Papin, Olivier Roques, Ophelie Le Maner, Oussamah Fikri Benbrahim, Pablo Antonio Erina Torres, Pablo Antonio Urena Torres, Paolo Malvezzi, Pascal Bindi, Pascal Cluzel, Pascal Fontanier, Pascal Wheatley, Pascale Depraetre, Pascale Dubosq, Pascale Halin, Pascale Sebahoun, Pascale Siohan, Pascale Testevuide, Patrice Deteix, Patrice Nolen, Patricia Hue, Patricia Lemarchand, Patrick Donnadieu, Patrick Fievet, Patrick Fohrer, Patrick Francais, Patrick Giraud, Patrick Hallonet, Patrick Henri, Patrick Michaut, Patrick Niaudet, Patrick Pauly, Patrick Thomas, Patrik Deleaval, Paul Finielz, Paul Stroumza, Paule Hardy Yverneau, Pauline Caillard, Pedro Palacin, Perrine Aubertin, Philippe Attias, Philippe Chauveau, Philippe Coindre, Philippe Coste, Philippe Dubot, Philippe Fournier, Philippe Hiernaux, Philippe Jousset, Philippe Lan Yue Wah, Philippe Lang, Philippe Le Cacheux, Philippe Martin Dupont, Philippe Michel, Philippe Mirgaine, Philippe Moriniere, Philippe Nicoud, Philippe Rieu, Philippe Rousseau, Philippe Sporer, Philippe Thorel, Philippe Vanhille, Philippe Vigeral, Philippe Zaoui, Pierre Bataille, Pierre Brignon, Pierre Filipozzi, Pierre Housset, Pierre Peyronnet, Pierre Ramperez, Pierre Vautrin, Pierre Alexandre Michel, Pierre Francois Westeel, Pierre Louis Carron, Pierre Yves Durand, Pierrot Parent, Piotr Seniuta, François Kuentz, Rabah Fraoui, Rachel Tetaz, Rachid Amaria, Rachid Bourouma, Rachid Djeffal, Rachida Nebbad, Radia Allal, Radu Dimulescu, Rafaat Boustani, Rafik Mesbah, Raifat Makdassi, Raji Diab, Raluca Puslenghea, Raoul Roura, Rateb Khayat, Raymond Azar, Raymond Frayssinet, Regine Monkam, Rehouni Boulahrouz, Remi Boudet, Renato Demontis, Renaud Gansey, Rene Cuvelier, Renee Schmitt, Reschad Noordally, Reynald Binaut, Rezkallah Latif, Richard Dufresne, Richard Montagnac, Richard Reade, Robert Genin, Robert Novo, Rocsana Fickl, Roger Dufresne, Roger Magnol, Roland Issautier, Romain Mortelette, Ronan Delaval, Ronan Lohro, Roseline M'barga, S. Beau, Clémentine Dupuis, Marie Jacques Vidil, Sabria Hacini, Said Dahmoune, Saliha Lekhal, Salima Ahriz Sakso, Salima Saksi, Salvatore Citarda, Samir Boubenider, Samuel Kassis, Sandra Verhille, Sandrine Genestier, Sandrine Muller, Saoussen Krid, Sarah Richter, Sebastien Delbes, Sebastien Mailliez, Sebastien Veillon, Sébastien Nony, Seddick Benarbia, Severine Beaudreuil, Sidi Ali Benyaghla, Simon Duquennoy, Simona Baluta, Simona Boncila, Sonia Mzoughi, Sonia Ribal, Sophie Acamer, Sophie Chauvet, Sophie Girerd, Sophie Ozenne, Sophie Parahy, Sophie Rubens Duval, Sophie Taque, Soraya Menouer, Soumaya Chargui, Stanislas Bataille, Stephane Barbier, Stephane Billion, Stephane Roueff, Stephane Torner, Stephane Jean Martin, Stephanie Coupel, Sylvie Cloarec, Sylvie Lavaud, Sylvie Leou, T. Chatelet, Tania Onesta, Tassadit Benhabib, Tayeb Bensalem, Theodora Dimulescu, Theophile Sawadogo, Thibault Dolley Hitze, Thierry Baranger, Thierry Boudemaghe, Thierry Hannedouche, Thierry Krummel, Thierry Milcent, Thomas Dervaux, Thomas Guincestre, Thomas Kofman, Thomas Raphael, Thomas Sadreux, Tim Ulinski, Tiphaine Guyon Roger, Tomas Serrato, Tomek Kofman, Tony Wong, Toufik Boubia, Ubald Assogba Gbindoun, Usama Khuzaie, Valerie Caudwell, Valerie Chatelet, Valerie Crougneau, Valerie De Precigout, Valerie Drouillat, Valerie Galantine, Valerie Granveau Hugot, Valerie Leroy, Veronique Boubia, Veronique Falque, Veronique Fournier, Veronique Queron, Veronique Viviani, Victor Gueuttin, Victor Panescu, Victorio Menoyo Calonge, Viet Nguyen, Vincent Allot, Vincent Delattre, Vincent Leduc, Vincent Pradier, Violaine Emal Aglae, Viorica Badulescu, Virginia Molina, Virginie Besson, Virginie Chaigne, Waddah Jaber, Wael Boudi, Wael El Haggan, Wen Qin Guillon, Wided Tabbi Aneni, William Hanf, Wladimir Kohn, Xavier Bellenfant, Xavier Moreau Gaudry, Yahsou Delmas, Yannick Knefati, Yannick Saingra, Yannick Tirolien, Youssef Mann, Yvan Brunak, Yves Dimitrov, Yves Doussy, Yves Tanter, Zaid Benabid, Zaara Soltani, Zacharia Boukerroucha, Zafer Takla, Zana Ramanantsialonina, Zara Dickson, Zead Tubail, Zoe Koochaki Pour, Zohra Boukhalfa, Zohra Jacquot, Agence de la biomédecine [Saint-Denis la Plaine], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), CALYDIAL Vienne, Partenaires INRAE, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Hôpital Armand Trousseau [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de néphrologie et transplantation rénale [Hôpital de la Conception - APHM], Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Hôpital de la Conception [CHU - APHM] (LA CONCEPTION), Service d'Epidémiologie et Evaluations Cliniques [CHRU Nancy] (Pôle S2R), Centre Universitaire des Maladies Rénales [CHU Caen] (CUMR Caen), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe hospitalier de la région de Mulhouse Sud-Alsace (GHRMSA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Aide à la Décision pour une Médecine Personnalisé - Laboratoire de Biostatistique, Epidémiologie et Recherche Clinique - EA 2415 (AIDMP), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Service de diabétologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Service de Diabétologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030232 urology & nephrology, Hemodialysis, Home, Disease, MESH: COVID-19 / therapy, registry, Ambulatory Care Facilities, [SDV.MHEP.UN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Risk Factors, 80 and over, Prevalence, covid, dialysis, epidemiology, mortality, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, COVID-19, Case-Control Studies, Critical Care, Female, France, Humans, Incidence, Middle Aged, Patient Acuity, Protective Factors, Registries, Renal Dialysis, SARS-CoV-2, Sex Factors, Hypoalbuminemia, MESH: France / epidemiology, education.field_of_study, Incidence (epidemiology), 3. Good health, MESH: COVID-19 / epidemiology, Nephrology, Hemodialysis, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Lower risk, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Sex Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, MESH: SARS-CoV-2, MESH: Renal Dialysis / statistics & numerical data, education, Dialysis, Vascular disease, business.industry, medicine.disease, Former Smoker, MESH: Critical Care / statistics & numerical data, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Home, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, MESH: Hemodialysis, Home / statistics & numerical data
Abstract

The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of COVID-19 disease in the French national population of dialysis patients, their course of illness and to identify the risk factors associated with mortality. Our study included all patients on dialysis recorded in the French REIN Registry in April 2020. Clinical characteristics at last follow-up and the evolution of COVID-19 illness severity over time were recorded for diagnosed cases (either suspicious clinical symptoms, characteristic signs on the chest scan or a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) for SARS-CoV-2. A total of 1,621 infected patients were reported on the REIN registry from March 16th, 2020 to May 4th, 2020. Of these, 344 died. The prevalence of COVID-19 patients varied from less than 1% to 10% between regions. The probability of being a case was higher in males, patients with diabetes, those in need of assistance for transfer or treated at a self-care unit. Dialysis at home was associated with a lower probability of being infected as was being a smoker, a former smoker, having an active malignancy, or peripheral vascular disease. Mortality in diagnosed cases (21%) was associated with the same causes as in the general population. Higher age, hypoalbuminemia and the presence of an ischemic heart disease were statistically independently associated with a higher risk of death. Being treated at a selfcare unit was associated with a lower risk. Thus, our study showed a relatively low frequency of COVID-19 among dialysis patients contrary to what might have been assumed., Graphical abstract

Published
2020
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4. The effect of atom losses on the distribution of rapidities in the one-dimensional Bose gas

Author

Isabelle Bouchoule, Jérôme Dubail, Benjamin Doyon, Laboratoire Charles Fabry / Gaz Quantiques, Laboratoire Charles Fabry (LCF), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), King‘s College London, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Computer Science::Machine Learning, Bose gas, Distribution (number theory), General Physics and Astronomy, Semiclassical physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Computer Science::Digital Libraries, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Schrödinger equation, Statistics::Machine Learning, symbols.namesake, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Statistical physics, 010306 general physics, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Canonical ensemble, Physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Quantum Physics, Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), Operator (physics), Time evolution, lcsh:QC1-999, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), Computer Science::Mathematical Software, symbols, Probability distribution, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), lcsh:Physics
Abstract

We theoretically investigate the effects of atom losses in the one-dimensional (1D) Bose gas with repulsive contact interactions, a famous quantum integrable system also known as the Lieb-Liniger gas. The generic case of K-body losses (K = 1,2,3,...) is considered. We assume that the loss rate is much smaller than the rate of intrinsic relaxation of the system, so that at any time the state of the system is captured by its rapidity distribution (or, equivalently, by a Generalized Gibbs Ensemble). We give the equation governing the time evolution of the rapidity distribution and we propose a general numerical procedure to solve it. In the asymptotic regimes of vanishing repulsion -- where the gas behaves like an ideal Bose gas -- and hard-core repulsion -- where the gas is mapped to a non-interacting Fermi gas -- we derive analytic formulas. In the latter case, our analytic result shows that losses affect the rapidity distribution in a non-trivial way, the time derivative of the rapidity distribution being both non-linear and non-local in rapidity space., Comment: v1: 6 pages + 2 appendices, 4 figures. v2: 6.5 pages + 2 appendices, 4 figures. Minor improvements and references added, results unchanged. v3: typos corrected; published version

Published
2020
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5. Cooling a Bose Gas by Three-Body Losses

Author

Isabelle Bouchoule, Max Schemmer, Laboratoire Charles Fabry / Optique atomique, Laboratoire Charles Fabry (LCF), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)

Subjects
Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Physics, Bose gas, [PHYS.COND.GAS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Quantum Gases [cond-mat.quant-gas], Center (category theory), FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Flory–Huggins solution theory, 01 natural sciences, Atomic mass, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Transverse plane, Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), Speed of sound, 0103 physical sciences, Harmonic, Atomic physics, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Dimensionless quantity
Abstract

We report the demonstration of cooling by three-body losses in a Bose gas. We use a harmonically confined one-dimensional (1D) Bose gas in the quasicondensate regime and, as the atom number decreases under the effect of three-body losses, the temperature $T$ drops up to a factor of 4. The ratio ${k}_{B}T/(m{c}^{2})$ stays close to 0.64, where $m$ is the atomic mass and $c$ the speed of sound in the trap center. The dimensionless 1D interaction parameter $\ensuremath{\gamma}$, evaluated at the trap center, spans more than 2 orders of magnitudes over the different sets of data. We present a theoretical analysis for a homogeneous 1D gas in the quasicondensate regime, which predicts that the ratio ${k}_{B}T/(m{c}^{2})$ converges towards 0.6 under the effect of three-body losses. More sophisticated theoretical predictions that take into account the longitudinal harmonic confinement and transverse effects are in agreement within 30% with experimental data.

Published
2018
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6. Collective many-body bounce in the breathing-mode oscillations of a Tonks-Girardeau gas

Author

Y. Y. Atas, Isabelle Bouchoule, Dimitri M. Gangardt, Karen Kheruntsyan, Australian Research Council [Canberra] (ARC), Laboratoire Charles Fabry / Optique atomique, Laboratoire Charles Fabry (LCF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS), University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Centre of excellence for quantum atom optics (ARC), and University of Queensland [Brisbane]

Subjects
Physics, Quantum Physics, Isentropic process, [PHYS.COND.GAS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Quantum Gases [cond-mat.quant-gas], Mode (statistics), Non-equilibrium thermodynamics, FOS: Physical sciences, Mechanics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Momentum, Tonks–Girardeau gas, Classical mechanics, Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), 0103 physical sciences, Rectangular potential barrier, 010306 general physics, Hydrodynamic theory, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Phase diagram
Abstract

We analyse the breathing-mode oscillations of a harmonically quenched Tonks-Giradeau (TG) gas using an exact finite-temperature dynamical theory. We predict a striking collective manifestation of impenetrability---a collective many-body bounce effect. The effect, while being invisible in the evolution of the in-situ density profile of the gas, can be revealed through a nontrivial periodic narrowing of its momentum distribution, taking place at twice the rate of the fundamental breathing-mode frequency. We identify physical regimes for observing the many-body bounce and construct the respective nonequilibrium phase diagram as a function of the quench strength and the initial temperature of the gas. We also develop a finite-temperature hydrodynamic theory of the TG gas, wherein the many-body bounce is explained by an increased thermodynamic pressure of the gas during the isentropic compression, which acts as a potential barrier at the inner turning points of the breathing cycle., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, and Supplemental Material. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1608.08720

Published
2017
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7. Long-lived non-thermal states realized by atom losses in one-dimensional quasi-condensates

Author

Aisling Johnson, Max Schemmer, Stuart S. Szigeti, Isabelle Bouchoule, Laboratoire Charles Fabry / Optique atomique, Laboratoire Charles Fabry (LCF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS), The University of Queensland, and University of Queensland [Brisbane]

Subjects
Physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Bose gas, Field (physics), [PHYS.COND.GAS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Quantum Gases [cond-mat.quant-gas], Quantum noise, FOS: Physical sciences, Harmonic potential, State (functional analysis), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Nonlinear system, Character (mathematics), Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, Atom, 010306 general physics, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases
Abstract

International audience; We investigate the cooling produced by a loss process non selective in energy on a one-dimensional (1D) Bose gas with repulsive contact interactions in the quasi-condensate regime. By performing nonlinear classical field calculations for a homogeneous system, we show that the gas reaches a non-thermal state where different modes have acquired different temperatures. After losses have been turned off, this state is robust with respect to the nonlinear dynamics, described by the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. We argue that the integrability of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation is linked to the existence of such long-lived non-thermal states, and illustrate this by showing that such states are not supported within a non-integrable model of two coupled 1D gases of different masses. We go beyond a classical field analysis, taking into account the quantum noise introduced by the discreteness of losses, and show that the non-thermal state is still produced and its non-thermal character is even enhanced. Finally, we extend the discussion to gases trapped in a harmonic potential and present experimental observations of a long-lived non-thermal state within a trapped 1D quasi-condensate following an atom loss process.

Published
2017

8. Exact nonequilibrium dynamics of finite-temperature Tonks-Girardeau gases

Author

Karen Kheruntsyan, Isabelle Bouchoule, Dimitri M. Gangardt, Y. Y. Atas, University of Queensland, School of Mathematics and Physics, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia, University of Queensland [Brisbane], School of Physics and Astronomy [Birmingham], University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Laboratoire Charles Fabry / Optique atomique, Laboratoire Charles Fabry (LCF), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)

Subjects
Physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Quantum Physics, Basis (linear algebra), [PHYS.COND.GAS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Quantum Gases [cond-mat.quant-gas], Non-equilibrium thermodynamics, Fredholm determinant, FOS: Physical sciences, Harmonic (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Classical mechanics, Exact solutions in general relativity, Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), 0103 physical sciences, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, 010306 general physics, Wave function, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Quantum, Boson
Abstract

Describing finite-temperature nonequilibrium dynamics of interacting many-particle systems is a notoriously challenging problem in quantum many-body physics. Here we provide an exact solution to this problem for a system of strongly interacting bosons in one dimension in the Tonks-Girardeau regime of infinitely strong repulsive interactions. Using the Fredholm determinant approach and the Bose-Fermi mapping we show how the problem can be reduced to a single-particle basis, wherein the finite-temperature effects enter the solution via an effective "dressing" of the single-particle wavefunctions by the Fermi-Dirac occupation factors. We demonstrate the utility of our approach and its computational efficiency in two nontrivial out-of-equilibrium scenarios: collective breathing mode oscillations in a harmonic trap and collisional dynamics in the Newton's cradle setting involving real-time evolution in a periodic Bragg potential., Comment: Final published version in PRA style; moved Supplemental Material into main text; 6 pages, 3 figures

Published
2017

9. Finite-temperature hydrodynamics for one-dimensional Bose gases: Breathing-mode oscillations as a case study

Author

Isabelle Bouchoule, Matthew J. Davis, Karen Kheruntsyan, Stuart S. Szigeti, Laboratoire Charles Fabry / Optique atomique, Laboratoire Charles Fabry (LCF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS), School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland [Brisbane], and University of Utah, Department of Biology

Subjects
Physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Quantum Physics, Bose gas, [PHYS.COND.GAS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Quantum Gases [cond-mat.quant-gas], Oscillation, Crossover, FOS: Physical sciences, Non-equilibrium thermodynamics, Position and momentum space, Mechanics, 01 natural sciences, 3. Good health, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Momentum, Classical mechanics, Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), 0103 physical sciences, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, 010306 general physics, Hydrodynamic theory, Phase diagram
Abstract

We develop a finite-temperature hydrodynamic approach for a harmonically trapped one-dimensional quasicondensate and apply it to describe the phenomenon of frequency doubling in the breathing-mode oscillations of its momentum distribution. The doubling here refers to the oscillation frequency relative to the oscillations of the real-space density distribution, invoked by a sudden confinement quench. We find that the frequency doubling is governed by the quench strength and the initial temperature, rather than by the crossover from the ideal Bose gas to the quasicondensate regime. The hydrodynamic predictions are supported by the results of numerical simulations based on a finite-temperature c-field approach, and extend the utility of the hydrodynamic theory for low-dimensional quantum gases to the description of finite-temperature systems and their dynamics in momentum space., Final published version; 5 pages and 1 figure in the main text, plus Supplemental Material

Published
2016
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10. Two-body momentum correlations in a weakly interacting one-dimensional Bose gas

Author

Dimitri M. Gangardt, Isabelle Bouchoule, Karen Kheruntsyan, M. Arzamasovs, Laboratoire Charles Fabry / Optique atomique, Laboratoire Charles Fabry (LCF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Centre of excellence for quantum atom optics (ARC), University of Queensland [Brisbane], School of Physics and Astronomy [Birmingham], and Triangle de la physique Austro-French FWR-ANR Project I607

Subjects
Physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Quantum Physics, Field (physics), Bose gas, [PHYS.COND.GAS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Quantum Gases [cond-mat.quant-gas], 03.75.Hh, 67.10.Ba, FOS: Physical sciences, Quantum entanglement, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Ideal gas, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Momentum, Correlation function (statistical mechanics), Luttinger liquid, Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), Quantum mechanics, Quantum electrodynamics, 0103 physical sciences, Atom, 010306 general physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases
Abstract

We analyze the two-body momentum correlation function for a uniform weakly interacting one-dimensional Bose gas. We show that the strong positive correlation between opposite momenta, expected in a Bose-Einstein condensate with a true long-range order, almost vanishes in a phase-fluctuating quasicondensate where the long-range order is destroyed. Using the Luttinger liquid approach, we derive an analytic expression for the momentum correlation function in the quasicondensate regime, showing (i) the reduction and broadening of the opposite-momentum correlations (compared to the singular behavior in a true condensate) and (ii) an emergence of anticorrelations at small momenta. We also numerically investigate the momentum correlations in the crossover between the quasicondensate and the ideal Bose-gas regimes using a classical field approach and show how the anticorrelations gradually disappear in the ideal-gas limit., Final published version

Published
2012
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11. Sub-Poissonian fluctuations in a 1D Bose gas: from the quantum quasi-condensate to the strongly interacting regime

Author

Julien Armijo, Karen Kheruntsyan, Thibaut Jacqmin, Isabelle Bouchoule, Tarik Berrada, laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique / Optique atomique, Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique (LCFIO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, TU Vienna, ARC Centre of Excellence for Quantum-atom Optics, and University of Queensland [Brisbane]

Subjects
Bose gas, [PHYS.COND.GAS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Quantum Gases [cond-mat.quant-gas], Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), Atom chip, Crossover, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Physics::Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Two-body problem, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Physics - Atomic Physics, Many-body problem, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, 010306 general physics, Quantum, Physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Condensed matter physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), Atomic number, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases
Abstract

We report on local, in situ measurements of atom number fluctuations in slices of a one-dimensional Bose gas on an atom chip setup. By using current modulation techniques to prevent cloud fragmentation, we are able to probe the crossover from weak to strong interactions. For weak interactions, fluctuations go continuously from super- to sub-Poissonian as the density is increased, which is a signature of the transition between the subregimes where the two-body correlation function is dominated, respectively, by thermal and quantum contributions. At stronger interactions, the super-Poissonian region disappears, and the fluctuations go directly from Poissonian to sub-Poissonian, as expected for a ``fermionized'' gas.

Published
2011

12. Probing three-body correlations in a quantum gas using the measurement of the third moment of density fluctuations

Author

Karen Kheruntsyan, Thibaut Jacqmin, Isabelle Bouchoule, Julien Armijo, laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique / Optique atomique, Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique (LCFIO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ARC Centre of Excellence for Quantum-atom Optics, University of Queensland [Brisbane], and ANR Bofl,ANR Bofl

Subjects
Physics, Equation of state, Bose gas, [PHYS.COND.GAS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Quantum Gases [cond-mat.quant-gas], Degenerate energy levels, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, Ideal gas, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Many-body problem, Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas), Skewness, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic number, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases, 010306 general physics, Fermi gas
Abstract

International audience; We perform measurements of the third moment of atom number fluctuations in small slices of a very elongated weakly interacting degenerate Bose gas. We find a positive skewness of the atom number distribution in the ideal gas regime and a reduced skewness compatible with zero in the quasi-condensate regime. For our parameters, the third moment is a thermodynamic quantity whose measurement constitutes a sensitive test of the equation of state and our results are in agreement with a modified Yang-Yang thermodynamic prediction. Moreover, we show that the measured skewness reveals the presence of true three body correlations in the system.

Published
2010

13. Limitation of the modulation method to smooth wire guide roughness

Author

C. L. Garrido Alzar, Isabelle Bouchoule, Jean-Baptiste Trebbia, laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique / Optique atomique, Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique (LCFIO), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)

Subjects
FOS: Physical sciences, Surface finish, 01 natural sciences, Electromagnetic radiation, 010305 fluids & plasmas, time average potential, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, AC trap, 010306 general physics, Quantum, roughness, Physics, Range (particle radiation), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], spin flip losses, Resonance, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Computational physics, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter, PACS : 39.25.+k,03.75.B, Modulation, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], Spin-flip, Frequency modulation, atom chip, Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
Abstract

It was recently demonstrated that wire guide roughness can be suppressed by modulating the wire currents so that the atoms experience a time-averaged potential without roughness. We theoretically study the limitations of this technique. At low modulation frequency, we show that the longitudinal potential modulation produces a heating of the cloud and we compute the heating rate. We also give a quantum derivation of the rough conservative potential associated with the micro-motion of the atoms. At large modulation frequency, we compute the loss rate due to non adiabatic spin flip and show it presents resonnances at multiple modulation frequencies. These studies show that the modulation technique works for a wide range of experimental parameters. We also give conditions to realise radio-frequency evaporative cooling in such a modulated trap., 11 pages

Published
2008

14. Interaction-induced crossover versus finite-size condensation in a weakly interacting trapped one-dimensional Bose gas

Author

Isabelle Bouchoule, G. V. Shlyapnikov, Karen Kheruntsyan, laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique / Optique atomique, Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique (LCFIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), ARC Centre of Excellence for Quantum-Atom Optics (ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR QUANTUM-ATOM OPTICS), University of Queensland [Brisbane]-School of Physical Sciences, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)

Subjects
Quantum decoherence, Bose gas, Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), Crossover, 03.75.Hh, 05.30.Jp, 05.70.Ce, FOS: Physical sciences, Trapping, 01 natural sciences, Physics - Atomic Physics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.COND.CM-SM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Statistical Mechanics [cond-mat.stat-mech], 010306 general physics, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Boson, Physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), Condensed matter physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], Bose-Einstein Condensation, Condensation, Bose gases, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter, one dimensional gases, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], Atomic number, Bose–Einstein condensate, Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
Abstract

We discuss the transition from a fully decoherent to a (quasi-)condensate regime in a harmonically trapped weakly interacting 1D Bose gas. By using analytic approaches and verifying them against exact numerical solutions, we find a characteristic crossover temperature and crossover atom number that depend on the interaction strength and the trap frequency. We then identify the conditions for observing either an interaction-induced crossover scenario or else a finite-size Bose-Einstein condensation phenomenon characteristic of an \textit{ideal} trapped 1D gas., 4 pages

Published
2007

15. Interaction induced phase fluctuations in a guided atom laser

Author

Klaus Mølmer, Isabelle Bouchoule, laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique / Optique atomique, Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique (LCFIO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Danish National Research Foundation Center for Quantum Optics (QUANTOP), and Aarhus University [Aarhus]

Subjects
Physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Condensed Matter (cond-mat), Phase (waves), FOS: Physical sciences, Magnitude (mathematics), Condensed Matter, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Coherence length, law.invention, Atom laser, law, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Atomic density, Beam (structure), Boson
Abstract

In this paper, we determine the magnitude of phase fluctuations caused by atom-atom interaction in a one-dimensional beam of bosonic atoms. We imagine that the beam is created with a large coherence length, and that interactions only act in a specific section of the beam, where the atomic density is high enough to validate a Bogoliubov treatment. The magnitude and coherence length of the ensuing phase fluctuations in the beam after the interaction zone are determined., 5 pages, 2 figures

Published
2003

16. Preparation of spin squeezed atomic states by optical phase shift measurement

Author

Klaus Mølmer, Isabelle Bouchoule, laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique / Optique atomique, Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique (LCFIO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Danish National Research Foundation Center for Quantum Optics (QUANTOP), and Aarhus University [Aarhus]

Subjects
Physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Quantum Physics, Photon, Condensed matter physics, Optical wavelength, FOS: Physical sciences, State vector, 01 natural sciences, Sample (graphics), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Uncorrelated, 010305 fluids & plasmas, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Incident beam, Atomic physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 010306 general physics, Spin (physics), Spectroscopy
Abstract

In this paper we present a state vector analysis of the generation of atomic spin squeezing by measurement of an optical phase shift. The frequency resolution is improved when a spin squeezed sample is used for spectroscopy in place of an uncorrelated sample. When light is transmitted through an atomic sample some photons will be scattered out of the incident beam, and this has a destructive effect on the squeezing. We present quantitative studies for three limiting cases: the case of a sample of atoms of size smaller than the optical wavelength, the case of a large dilute sample and the case of a large dense sample., 18 pages

Published
2002

17. Raman cooling of spin-polarized cesium atoms in a crossed dipole trap

Author

Tilman Pfau, Axel Kuhn, Isabelle Bouchoule, Christophe Salomon, Hélène Perrin, Territoires, Villes, Environnement & Société - ULR 4477 (TVES), and Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille

Subjects
Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Materials science, Resolved sideband cooling, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Dipole, symbols.namesake, Raman cooling, chemistry, Caesium, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Raman spectroscopy, Doppler cooling, Photon scattering, 32.80Pj, 32.80Qk
Abstract

International audience; We describe a Raman cooling scheme that allows for the simultaneous polarization and cooling of cesium atoms. Using efficient chirped Raman pulses, cesium atoms confined in a red-detuned crossed dipole trap are 80 % polarized and cooled to a temperature of 2.4 µK. After cooling, the phase-space density reaches 10^{−3} . We have strong evidence that this value is limited by multiple photon scattering within the atomic cloud.

Published
1999
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18. Dynamique hors équilibre des gaz bosoniques 1D

Author

Schemmer, Maximilian, Laboratoire Charles Fabry / Optique atomique, Laboratoire Charles Fabry (LCF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), and Isabelle Bouchoule

Subjects
Integrable system, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Onedimensional system, Système intégrable, Out-Of-Equilibrium dynamics, Cold atoms, Atom chip experiment, Dynamique hors d'équilibre, Atomes froids, Système unidimensionnel, Expérience puce atomique
Abstract

This thesis contains several experimental studies centered around the dynamics of bosons in one dimension (1D). With the use of an atomchip setup we create very elongated trapping geometries for 87Rb. This leads to the freeze-out of two dimensions and the creation of a 1D gas with contact interactions, described the Lieb-Liniger model. The manuscript contains three independent experimental studies: The first one investigates the out-of-equilibrium dynamics after an interaction quench. We observe the time evolution of squeezed Bogoliubov modes and show that this dynamics continues on times which cannot be observed on the first order correlation function.The second study shows that three-body losses cool a 1D Bose gas in the quasi-condensate regime. This work is accompanied by a theoretical study, which predicts this cooling for j-body losses.The third study consists of the first experimental study of a new theory in integrable systems -- the Generalized HydroDynamics (GHD).We show that GHD is the only "simple" theory which correctly describes the experimental results.In particular, the Conventional HydroDynamics (CHD) approach fails to reproduce the experimental observation. In contrast to GHD, CHD does not take into account the integrability of the system.; Cette thèse contient plusieurs études expérimentales centrées sur la dynamique des bosons dans une dimension (1D). En utilisant une expérience de type puce atomique, nous créons des géométries de piègage très allongées pour des atomes de 87Rb. Cela conduit à geler deux dimensions et à créer un gaz 1D avec des interactions de contact qui est décrit par le modèle de Lieb-Liniger. Le manuscrit contient trois études expérimentales indépendantes: La première étude traite de la dynamique hors équilibre suite à une trempe des interactions. Nous observons l'évolution temporelle des modes de Bogoliubov comprimés et montrons que cette dynamique continue sur des temps qui ne seraient pas observable sur la fonction de corrélation d'ordre un.La deuxième étude montre que les pertes à trois-corps refroidissent un gaz de Bose 1D dans le régime quasi-condensat. Ce travail est accompagné d'une étude théorique qui prédit ce refroidissement pour les pertes à j-corps.La troisième étude est la première étude expérimentale d'une nouvelle théorie des systèmes intégrables, nommé HydroDynamics Généralisé (HDG).Nous montrons que HDG est la seule théorie "simple" qui décrit correctement les résultats expérimentaux.En particulier, l’approche de l'HydroDynamique Conventiennelle (HDC) ne reproduit pas l’observation expérimentale. Contrairement au HDG, HDC ne prend pas en compte l’intégrabilité du système.

Published
2019

19. One-dimensional Bose Gases on an Atom Chip : Correlations in Momentum Space and Theoretical Investigation of Loss-induced Cooling

Author

Johnson, Aisling, Laboratoire Charles Fabry / Optique atomique, Laboratoire Charles Fabry (LCF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), and Isabelle Bouchoule

Subjects
Atom Chip, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Correlations, Corrélations, Intégrabilité, Quantum gases, Gaz quantiques, Puce à atomes, Integrability, One-Dimensional, Uni-Dimensionnel
Abstract

We present experimental and theoretical results on ultracold one-dimensional (1D) Bose gases, trapped at the surface of a micro-structure. A large part of the doctoral work was dedicated to the upgrade of the experimental apparatus: the laser system was replaced and the installation of a new imaging objective of high numerical aperture (0.4) required the modification of the atom chip design and the vacuum system. We then probed second-order correlations in momentum space, using a focussing method which allows us to record the velocity distribution of our gas in a single shot. Our data span the weakly-interacting regime of the 1D Bose gas, going from the ideal Bose gas regime to the quasi-condensate. These measurements revealed bunching in both phases, while in the quasi-condensate off-diagonal negative correlations, a the signature of the absence of long-range order in 1D, were revealed. These experimental results agree well with analytical calculations and exact Quantum Monte Carlo simulations. A second project focussed on the cooling of such 1D gases. Since the samples lie in the ground state of the transverse trap, energy selection to carry out usual evaporative cooling is not possible. An alternative cooling scheme, based on non-selective removal of particles, was proposed and demonstrated by colleagues. These findings are compatible with observations on our setup, similar to theirs. Firstly, we also reached temperatures as low as 10% of the transverse gap in earlier experiments. Secondly, with classical field simulations we demonstrate the robustness of the non-thermal arising from these losses: different modes indeed lose energy at different rates. This agrees with the following observation: depending on the thermometry we use, each probing excitations of different energies, the measured temperatures are different, beyond experimental uncertainty. Finally, we relate this non-thermal state to the integrable nature of the 1D Bose gas.; L'objet de cette thèse est l'étude théorique et expérimentale de gaz de Bose à une dimension (1D), confinés à la surface d'une micro-structure. Une part importante du travail de thèse a été la modification du montage expérimental: le système laser a été remplacé, et l'installation d'un nouvel objectif de grande ouverture numérique (0.4) a nécessité le changement du dessin de la puce ainsi que l'adaptation du système à vide. Nous avons étudié les corrélations du second ordre dans l'espace des impulsions, en appliquant une méthode qui nous permet d'enregistrer en une seule image la distribution en vitesses complète de notre gaz. Nos données explorent les différents régimes du gaz à faibles interactions, du gaz de Bose idéal au quasi-condensat. Ces mesures ont montré le phénomène de groupement bosonique dans les deux phases, tandis que le quasi-condensat comporte des corrélations négatives en dehors de la diagonale. Ces anti-corrélations sont une signature de l'absence d'ordre à longue portée en 1D. Les mesures sont en bon accord avec des calculs analytiques ainsi que des simulations numériques de type Monte Carlo Quantique. Ensuite, l'objet d'un second projet est l'étude du refroidissement de gaz 1D. Comme nos échantillons occupent seulement l'état fondamental du piège transverse, il n'est pas possible de sélectionner les atomes les plus énergiques pour évaporer le gaz de façon habituelle. Une méthode alternative, qui repose sur la perte non-sélective d'atomes, a été proposée et mise en pratique expérimentalement par des collègues. Leurs résultats sont compatibles avec des observations faites sur notre montage, très semblable au leur. Tout d'abord, nous avons aussi obtenu des température d'environ 10% de l'énergie de l'état fondamental transverse. Deuxièmement, des simulations champ classique ont montré la robustesse de l'état hors d'équilibre généré par de telles pertes: les différents modes perdent en effet de l'énergie à des taux différents. Ceci est en accord avec l'observation expérimentale suivante: selon la méthode de thermométrie utilisée, chacune explorant des excitations d'énergies différentes, les températures mesurées sont différentes. Enfin, nous relions cet état non-thermique à la nature intégrable du système considéré.

Published
2016

20. Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Behaviours of 1D Bose Gases

Author

Fang, Yiyuan Bess, Laboratoire Charles Fabry / Optique atomique, Laboratoire Charles Fabry (LCF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d’Optique Graduate School, and Isabelle Bouchoule

Subjects
Puce atomique, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Ultracold atomic gases, Conception et caractérisation de systèmes optiques, Mode de respiration, Nonequilibrium dynamics, Breathing mode, Quasi-condensat, Dynamique hors d'équilibre, Gaz d'atomes ultra-froids, Quasicondensate, 1D Bose gases, Design and characterization of optical systems, Atom chip, Gaz de Bose unidimensionnels
Abstract

One-dimensional quantum many-body systems exhibit peculiar and intriguing behaviors as a consequence of the reduced dimensionality, which enhances the effect of fluctuations and correlations. The high degree of isolation and controllability of experiments manipulating ultra-cold atomic gases allows for the experimental simulation of text-book models, for which many theory tools are available for quantitative comparison. I will present instances of such efforts carried out during my PhD thesis, namely, the studies performed to investigate the behavior of 1D Bose gas (Lieb-Liniger gas) at equilibrium and beyond. An overview of the toolbox available to date to characterize the equilibrium thermodynamics of a Lieb-Liniger gas will be shown, followed by a detailed study of the breathing mode of such a system.; Les systèmes quantiques unidimensionnels à N corps présentent des comportements particuliers et intrigants liés à leur dimensionnalité réduite, qui amplifie l’effet des fluctuations et des corrélations. Les expériences de gaz d’atomes ultra-froids permettent d’isoler et de contrôler efficacement les paramètres du système et de simuler des systèmes modèles pour lesquels il existe de nombreux outils théoriques. Je présenterai ici les résultats des études réalisées pendant ma thèse de Doctorat, visant à explorer le comportement de gaz de Bose unidimensionnels (gaz de Lieb-Liniger) à l’équilibre et hors équilibre. Je donnerai notamment un aperçu de la boite à outils aujourd’hui disponible permettant de caractériser les propriétés thermodynamiques d’un gaz de Lieb-Liniger, et présenterai une étude détaillée du mode de respiration d’un tel système.

Published
2014

21. Mesures de corrélations dans un gaz de bosons unidimensionnel sur puce

Author

Jacqmin, Thibaut, Laboratoire Charles Fabry / Optique atomique, Laboratoire Charles Fabry (LCF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, and Isabelle Bouchoule

Subjects
Corrélations, Gaz quantique, Quartic trap, Reduced dimensions, Quantum fluctuations, Ideal Bose gas, Gaz de Bose idéal, Quantum gas, Modèle de Lieb et Liniger, Sub-Poissonian density fluctuations, Yang-Yang thermodynamics, Guide modulé, Onks-Girardeau gas, Quantum Monte-Carlo methode, Momentum distribution, Lieb-Liniger model, Gaz de tonks-Girardeau, Magnetic focusing, Thermodynamique de Yang-Yang, Quasi-condensat, Distribution en impulsion, Piège quartique, Fluctuations de densité sub-poissoniennes, Fluctuations quantiques, Modulated guide, Méthode Monte-Carlo quantique, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], Quasi-condensate, Lentille magnétique, Dimension réduite
Abstract

In this manuscript, we present spatial one and two-body correlation measurements performed on a one-dimensional gas of ultra-cold bosons trapped at the surface of a microstructure. Two body correlations are highlighted by measurements of in situ density fluctuations and one-body correlations are probed through measurements of momentum distributions.We observed sub-Poissonian density fluctuations in the regime of weak interactions, thus demonstrating for the first time the regime of quasi-condensate in which the two-body correlation function is dominated by quantum fluctuations. We also observed sub-Poissonian fluctuations regardless of the density in the regime of strong interactions. Our measurement is the first observation of a single one-dimensional gas of bosons in this regime.The magnetic trap that we used is a modulated trap that has the remarkable property of decoupling between transverse and longitudinal confinements. This specificity has enabled us to engineer at will the shape of the longitudinal confinement. In particular, we were able to obtain harmonic and quartic traps.; Nous présentons dans ce manuscrit des mesures de corrélations spatiales à un et deux corps effectuées sur un gaz de bosons unidimensionnel et ultra-froid piégé à la surface d'une microstructure. Les corrélations à deux corps sont mises en évidence par des mesures de fluctuations de densité in situ ; les corrélations à un corps sont sondées grâce à des mesures de distributions en impulsion.Nous avons observé des fluctuations de densité sub-poissoniennes dans le régime d'interactions faibles, mettant ainsi en évidence pour la première fois le sous-régime du régime de quasi-condensat dans lequel la fonction de corrélation à deux corps est dominée par les fluctuations quantiques. Nous avons également observé des fluctuations sub-poissoniennes quelle que soit la densité dans le régime d'interactions fortes ; notre mesure constitue la première observation d'un unique gaz de bosons unidimensionnel dans ce régime.Le piège magnétique que nous avons utilisé est un piège modulé qui possède la propriété remarquable de découplage entre confinements transverse et longitudinal. Cette spécificité nous a permis de façonner à volonté la forme du confinement longitudinal. En particulier, nous avons pu obtenir des pièges harmoniques et quartiques.Nous avons également utilisé les propriétés de ce piège modulé afin de réaliser une lentille magnétique longitudinale. Cette technique nous a permis de mesurer la distribution en impulsion du gaz, dans le régime d'interactions faibles. Nous présentons deux résultats, obtenus de part et d'autre de la transition molle entre les régimes de gaz de Bose idéal et de quasi-condensat. Sur le plan théorique, nous montrons qu'une théorie de champ classique ne suffit pas à décrire quantitativement cette transition molle pour les paramètres typiques de l'expérience. Nous avons donc recours à des calculs Monte-Carlo quantiques. La température extraite de l'ajustement de nos donnée par ces calculs est en bon accord avec celle obtenue en ajustant les fluctuations de densité in situ avec la thermodynamique de C. N. Yang et C. P. Yang.Enfin, nous démontrons une méthode de compensation de la gravité (piégeage harmonique résiduel) lors de la phase de lentille magnétique, qui nous permet d'améliorer considérablement la résolution en impulsion de cette technique.

Published
2012

22. Probing correlations in a one-dimensional gas of bosons on an atom chip

Author

Jacqmin, Thibaut, Laboratoire Charles Fabry / Optique atomique, Laboratoire Charles Fabry (LCF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, and Isabelle Bouchoule

Subjects
Corrélations, Gaz quantique, Quartic trap, Reduced dimensions, Quantum fluctuations, Ideal Bose gas, Gaz de Bose idéal, Quantum gas, Modèle de Lieb et Liniger, Sub-Poissonian density fluctuations, Yang-Yang thermodynamics, Guide modulé, Onks-Girardeau gas, Quantum Monte-Carlo methode, Momentum distribution, Lieb-Liniger model, Gaz de tonks-Girardeau, Magnetic focusing, Thermodynamique de Yang-Yang, Quasi-condensat, Distribution en impulsion, Piège quartique, Fluctuations de densité sub-poissoniennes, Fluctuations quantiques, Modulated guide, Méthode Monte-Carlo quantique, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], Quasi-condensate, Lentille magnétique, Dimension réduite
Abstract

In this manuscript, we present spatial one and two-body correlation measurements performed on a one-dimensional gas of ultra-cold bosons trapped at the surface of a microstructure. Two body correlations are highlighted by measurements of in situ density fluctuations and one-body correlations are probed through measurements of momentum distributions.We observed sub-Poissonian density fluctuations in the regime of weak interactions, thus demonstrating for the first time the regime of quasi-condensate in which the two-body correlation function is dominated by quantum fluctuations. We also observed sub-Poissonian fluctuations regardless of the density in the regime of strong interactions. Our measurement is the first observation of a single one-dimensional gas of bosons in this regime.The magnetic trap that we used is a modulated trap that has the remarkable property of decoupling between transverse and longitudinal confinements. This specificity has enabled us to engineer at will the shape of the longitudinal confinement. In particular, we were able to obtain harmonic and quartic traps.; Nous présentons dans ce manuscrit des mesures de corrélations spatiales à un et deux corps effectuées sur un gaz de bosons unidimensionnel et ultra-froid piégé à la surface d'une microstructure. Les corrélations à deux corps sont mises en évidence par des mesures de fluctuations de densité in situ ; les corrélations à un corps sont sondées grâce à des mesures de distributions en impulsion.Nous avons observé des fluctuations de densité sub-poissoniennes dans le régime d'interactions faibles, mettant ainsi en évidence pour la première fois le sous-régime du régime de quasi-condensat dans lequel la fonction de corrélation à deux corps est dominée par les fluctuations quantiques. Nous avons également observé des fluctuations sub-poissoniennes quelle que soit la densité dans le régime d'interactions fortes ; notre mesure constitue la première observation d'un unique gaz de bosons unidimensionnel dans ce régime.Le piège magnétique que nous avons utilisé est un piège modulé qui possède la propriété remarquable de découplage entre confinements transverse et longitudinal. Cette spécificité nous a permis de façonner à volonté la forme du confinement longitudinal. En particulier, nous avons pu obtenir des pièges harmoniques et quartiques.Nous avons également utilisé les propriétés de ce piège modulé afin de réaliser une lentille magnétique longitudinale. Cette technique nous a permis de mesurer la distribution en impulsion du gaz, dans le régime d'interactions faibles. Nous présentons deux résultats, obtenus de part et d'autre de la transition molle entre les régimes de gaz de Bose idéal et de quasi-condensat. Sur le plan théorique, nous montrons qu'une théorie de champ classique ne suffit pas à décrire quantitativement cette transition molle pour les paramètres typiques de l'expérience. Nous avons donc recours à des calculs Monte-Carlo quantiques. La température extraite de l'ajustement de nos donnée par ces calculs est en bon accord avec celle obtenue en ajustant les fluctuations de densité in situ avec la thermodynamique de C. N. Yang et C. P. Yang.Enfin, nous démontrons une méthode de compensation de la gravité (piégeage harmonique résiduel) lors de la phase de lentille magnétique, qui nous permet d'améliorer considérablement la résolution en impulsion de cette technique.

Published
2012

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