Author: "Kerr, Yann" / Publisher: hal ccsd - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Kerr, Yann"' showing total 218 results

Start Over Author "Kerr, Yann" Publisher hal ccsd

218 results on '"Kerr, Yann"'

1. In-situ multifrequency dielectric measurements to improve soil permittivity models for radiometric observations of soil in the high latitudes

Author: Demontoux Francois, Bonnaudin Fabrice, Mialon Arnaud, Tsague King Junior, Bircher Simone, Kerr Yann, Wigneron Jean-Pierre, Ruffie Gilles, Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), and Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Permittivity, gradients, L band, Topsoil, Moisture, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 0207 environmental engineering, Context (language use), Soil science, 02 engineering and technology, Dielectric, Soil, remote sensing, Environmental science, Radiometric dating, dielectric profile, 020701 environmental engineering, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Microwave, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering
Abstract: International audience; In the context of soil monitoring from microwave radiometric observations, the knowledge of the soil permittivity is an important factor in order to guarantee the accuracy of models inversions. Previous studies have showed the impact of temperature and moisture gradients in the top soil layer on remote sensing monitoring of soil. So, we aim here to investigate a way to increase our knowledge of the permittivity profile of the top soil layer, in particular at the P and L band. The solution we selected is based on a new equipment for continuous in-situ measurements of dielectric soil profiles. First measurement results over a sandy soil after rainfall are presented.
Published: 2020

2. Quantification of tropical carbon changes using SMOS-IC vegetation optical depth index during 2010-2017

Author: Lei Fan, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Philippe Ciais, Jerome Chave, Martin Brandt, Rasmus Fensholt, Saatchi, Sassan S., Ana Bastos, Amen Al-Yaari, Koen Hufkens, Roberto Fernández Moran, arnaud mialon, Nemesio Rodriguez‐fernandez, Kerr, Yann H., Feng Tian, Josep Penuelas, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Geography, University of Liverpool, Université de Valence, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), European Geosciences Union (EGU). AUT., Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Universitat de València (UV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Lund University [Lund]
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

3. L-Band Radiometry for Assessing Water Cycle: Recent Advances and Way Forward

Author: Kerr, Yann H., Bindlish, R., Yueh, Simon H., Entekhabi, Dara, Rodriguez‐fernandez, Nemesio, Lee, Tong, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Lagerloef, Gary S. E., Boutin, Jacqueline, Escorihuela, Maria-José, Anterrieu, Eric, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology and Research (GESTAR), NASA-Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), MIT Parsons Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), isardSAT, AGU, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: HYDROLOGY, HYDROLOGYDE: 1847 Modeling, GLOBAL CHANGEDE: 1816 Estimation and forecasting, HYDROLOGYDE: 1855 Remote sensing, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 1655 Water cycles
Abstract: International audience; The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission was launched in November 2009 and is still fully operational. The Aquarius Radiometer on board SAC-D was launched in June 2011 and operated until July 2015. Finally the Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP) mission was launched in January 2015 and its radiometer has been fully operational. These three missions have a unique feature in common, that is an L band radiometer. For the first time - with SMOS - the globe was operationally covered with such measurement. L band measurements have enabled direct and "absolute" measurements of both soil moisture and sea surface salinity, opening up a wealth of new science venues and applications. L-band sea surface salinity data have significantly improved the knowledge of many ocean processes that were not well-understood before, such as river plumes, cross-shelf exchanges, mesoscale salinity fronts and eddies, and salinity signature of and contribution to tropical instability waves. They have greatly facilitated the studies of the linkages of the ocean with the water cycle. They have elucidated the relationships of ocean salinity with climate variability. Over land soil moisture measurements enabled to get access to root zone soil moisture, yield forecasts, flood risks, drought monitoring, improvement of rainfall estimates, etc…It is worthwhile noting that recently significant progresses were made in vegetation optical depth retrievals using SMOS paving the way to a new and very powerful vegetation index. Also worth mentioning is that the various disaggregation approaches providing typically 1 km spatial resolutions and very useful for pest control or irrigation management. Moreover, L-band measurements have also proved to have many other potential applications such as thin sea ice estimate (up to 50-100 cm) as well as freeze thaw dates, and potentially snow density and liquid water content. After all these successes it is crucial to carry on such measurements, key elements of teh water cycle. User's requirements were almost unanimous in requesting at least characteristics similar to those of SMOS or SMAP. But, ideally, ground breaking results could be attained with a 10 km native spatial resolution.We will detail what the different options available to capitalise on acquired science results and propose a way forward.
Published: 2018

4. Satellite passive microwaves reveal recent climate-induced carbon losses in African drylands, 2010-2016

Author: Brandt, Martin, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Chave, Jérôme, Tagesson, Torbern, Peñuelas, Josep, Ciais, Philippe, Rasmussen, Kjeld, Tian, Feng, Mbow, Cheikh, Al-Yaari, Amen, Rodriguez‐fernandez, Nemesio, Schurgers, Guy, Zhang, Wenmin, Chang, Jinfeng, Kerr, Yann H., Verger, Aleixandre, Tucker, Compton, Mialon, Arnaud, Vang Rasmussen, Laura, Fan, Lei, Fensholt, Rasmus, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), START International Inc, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010), and European Project: 610028,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-SyG,IMBALANCE-P(2014)
Subjects: [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; The African continent is facing one of the driest periods in the past three decades as well as continued deforestation. These disturbances threaten vegetation carbon (C) stocks and highlight the need for improved capabilities of monitoring large-scale aboveground carbon stock dynamics. Here we use a satellite dataset based on vegetation optical depth derived from low-frequency passive microwaves (L-VOD) to quantify annual aboveground biomass-carbon changes in sub-Saharan Africa between 2010 and 2016. L-VOD is shown not to saturate over densely vegetated areas. The overall net change in drylands (53% of the land area) was −0.05 petagrams of C per year (Pg C yr$^{−1}$) associated with drying trends, and a net change of −0.02 Pg C yr$^{−1}$ was observed in humid areas. These trends reflect a high inter-annual variability with a very dry year in 2015 (net change, −0.69 Pg C) with about half of the gross losses occurring in drylands. This study demonstrates, first, the applicability of L-VOD to monitor the dynamics of carbon loss and gain due to weather variations, and second, the importance of the highly dynamic and vulnerable carbon pool of dryland savannahs for the global carbon balance, despite the relatively low carbon stock per unit area.
Published: 2018

5. Le nouveau produit Smos-IC : humidité du sol et indice de végétation L-VOD

Author: Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Mialon, Arnaud, Al-Yaari, Amen, Kerr, Yann H., Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2018

6. Detection of Irrigated Crops from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Data to Estimate Seasonal Groundwater Use in South India

Author: Ferrant, Sylvain, Selles, Adrien, Le Page, Michel, Herrault, Pierre-Alexis, Pelletier, Charlotte, Al-Bitar, Ahmad, Mermoz, Stéphane, Gascoin, Simon, Bouvet, Alexandre, Saqalli, Mehdi, Dewandel, Benoît, Caballero, Yvan, Ahmed, Shakeel, Maréchal, Jean-Christophe, Kerr, Yann, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Structure et fonctionnement des systèmes hydriques continentaux (SISYPHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Indo-French Centre for Groundwater Research (IFCGR), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-National Geophysical Research Institute [Hyderabad] (NGRI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Indo-French Center for Groundwater Research (IFCGR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie] ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère ( CESBIO ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Géographie de l'environnement ( GEODE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès ( UT2J ), Institut d'Electronique et de Télécommunications de Rennes ( IETR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes ( INSA Rennes ) -SUPELEC-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Structure et fonctionnement des systèmes hydriques continentaux ( SISYPHE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability ( IES ), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] ( JRC ), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) ( BRGM ), and Indo-French Centre for Groundwater Research ( IFCGR )
Subjects: Science, agro-hydrology, groundwater shortage monitoring, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Sentinel-1, radar and optical synergy, Sentinel-2, crop cover mapping, [ SDE.ES ] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, random forest, rice irrigation
Abstract: Indian agriculture relies on monsoon rainfall and irrigation from surface and groundwater. The interannual variability of monsoon rainfalls is high, which forces South Indian farmers to adapt their irrigated areas to local water availability. In this study, we have developed and tested a methodology for monitoring these spatiotemporal variations using Sentinel-1 and -2 observations over the Kudaliar catchment, Telangana State (~1000 km2). These free radar and optical data have been acquired since 2015 on a weekly basis over continental areas, at a high spatial resolution (10–20 m) that is well adapted to the small areas of South Indian field crops. A machine learning algorithm, the Random Forest method, was used over three growing seasons (January to March and July to November 2016 and January to March 2017) to classify small patches of inundated rice paddy, maize, and other irrigated crops, as well as surface water stored in the small reservoirs scattered across the landscape. The crop production comprises only irrigated crops (less than 20% of the areas) during the dry season (Rabi, December to March), to which rain-fed cotton is added to reach 60% of the areas during the monsoon season (Kharif, June to November). Sentinel-1 radar backscatter provides useful observations during the cloudy monsoon season. The lowest irrigated area totals were found during Rabi 2016 and Kharif 2016, accounting for 3.5 and 5% with moderate classification confusion. This confusion decreases with increasing areas of irrigated crops during Rabi 2017. During this season, 16% of rice and 6% of irrigated crops were detected after the exceptional rainfalls observed in September. Surface water in small surface reservoirs reached 3% of the total area, which corresponds to a high value. The use of both Sentinel datasets improves the method accuracy and strengthens our confidence in the resulting maps. This methodology shows the potential of automatically monitoring, in near real time, the high short term variability of irrigated area totals in South India, as a proxy for estimating irrigated water and groundwater needs. These are estimated over the study period to range from 49.5 ± 0.78 mm (1.5% uncertainty) in Rabi 2016, and 44.9 ± 2.9 mm (6.5% uncertainty) in the Kharif season, to 226.2 ± 5.8 mm (2.5% uncertainty) in Rabi 2017. This variation must be related to groundwater recharge estimates that range from 10 mm to 160 mm·yr−1 in the Hyderabad region. These dynamic agro-hydrological variables estimated from Sentinel remote sensing data are crucial in calibrating runoff, aquifer recharge, water use and evapotranspiration for the spatially distributed agro-hydrological models employed to quantify the impacts of agriculture on water resources.
Published: 2017

7. Wireless network of stand-alone end effect probes for soil in situ permittivity measurements over the 100MHZ-6GHz frequency range

Author: Demontoux, François, Bircher, Simone, Ruffié, Gilles, Bonnaudin, Fabrice, Wigneron, Jean Pierre, Kerr, Yann, Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA)
Subjects: [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

8. Efficiency of end effect probes for in-situ permittivity measurements in the 0.5 - 6 GHz frequency range and their application for organic soil horizons study

Author: Demontoux, François, Razafindratsima, Stephen, Bircher, Simone, Ruffié, Gilles, Bonnaudin, Fabrice, Jonard, François, Wigneron, Jean Pierre, Kerr, Yann H., Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, and Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

9. SMOS-IC: an alternative SMOS soil moisture and 3 vegetation optical depth product

Author: Fernández-Morán, Roberto, Al-Yaari, Amen, Mialon, Arnaud, Mahmoodi, Ali, Ahmad, Al Bitar, De Lannoy, Gabrielle, Lopez-Baeza, Ernesto, Kerr, Yann H., Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Universitat de València (UV), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: L-band, MODIS, NDVI, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, soil moisture, SMOS-IC, Level 3, ECMWF, vegetation optical depth, SMOS
Abstract: Peer-reviewed version available at Remote Sensing 2017, 9(5), 457; doi:10.3390/rs9050457; The main goal of the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission over land surfaces is the production of global maps of soil moisture (SM) and vegetation optical depth (τ) based on multi-angular brightness temperature (TB) measurements at L-band. The operational SMOS Level 2 and Level 3 soil moisture algorithms account for different surface effects, such as vegetation opacity and soil roughness at 4 km resolution, in order to produce global retrievals of SM and τ. In this study, we present an alternative SMOS product which was developed by INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique) and CESBIO (Centre d’Etudes Spatiales de la BIOsphère). This SMOS-INRA-CESBIO (SMOS-IC) product provides daily SM and τ at the global scale and differs from the operational SMOS Level 3 (SMOSL3) product in the treatment of retrievals over heterogeneous pixels. Specifically, SMOS-IC is much simpler and does not account for corrections associated to the antenna pattern and the complex SMOS viewing angle geometry. It considers pixels as homogeneous to avoid uncertainties and errors linked to inconsistent auxiliary data sets which are used to characterize the pixel heterogeneity in the SMOS L3 algorithm. SMOS-IC also differs from the current SMOSL3 product (Version 300, V300) in the values of the effective vegetation scattering albedo (ω) and soil roughness parameters. An inter-comparison is presented in this study based on the use of ECMWF (European Center for Medium range Weather Forecasting) SM outputs and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) from MODIS (Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer). A 6 year (2010-2015) inter-comparison of the SMOS products SMOS-IC and SMOSL3 SM (V300) with ECMWF SM yielded higher correlations and lower ubRMSD (unbiased root mean square difference) for SMOS-IC over most of the pixels. In terms of τ, SMOS-IC τ was found to be better correlated to MODIS NDVI in most regions of the globe, with the exception of the Amazonian basin and of the northern mid-latitudes.
Published: 2017

10. SIMULEAU : Quantification des services naturels de régulation de la qualité des eaux dans un bassin versant du Sud : vers une plateforme intégrée pour la ressource en eau dans un contexte de changements environnementaux

Author: Sauvage, S., José Miguel Sánchez-Pérez, Jean-Luc Probst, Gerino, M., M Martinez, J., Gosset, M., Ribolzi Olivier, Alain Laraque, Fabien Guérin, Al Bitar Ahmad, Kerr, Yann H., Parens, M., Hélène Roux, Ricci, S., Calmant, S., Paris, A., Jean-Francois Cretaux, Dominique Laffly, Roland Seferian, Delire, C., Dominique Serça, Orange, D., Gil Mahe, Valentin, C., Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire des Mécanismes et Transfert en Géologie (LMTG), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Événements Extrêmes (EvExt), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2016

11. Satellite-based soil moisture validation and field experiments; Skylab to SMAP

Author: Jackson, Thomas, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Kerr, Yann H., Cosh, Michael, Colliander, Andreas, Walker, Jeffrey, Bindlish, Rajat, USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), and Monash University
Subjects: [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: International audience; Soil moisture remote sensing has reached a level of maturity that is now limited primarily by technology and funding. This is a result of extensive research and development that began in earnest in the 1970s and by the late 1990s had provided the basis and direction needed to support two dedicated satellite missions; Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and Soil Moisture Active passive (SMAP). Field experiments have played a critical role in the development and implementation of these missions, as well as exploiting other satellites of opportunity. They continue to be of value in the validation and improvement of the soil moisture algorithms and products. Each of these experiments has involved at least two of the following four methodologies; tower, aircraft, satellite, and ground-based observations. Each methodology provides complementary information that expands the temporal or spatial information of the alternatives. The evolution, selected highlights, and lessons learned from these campaigns will be reviewed. Plans for upcoming SMAP post-launch field experiments will be presented.
Published: 2016

12. Extreme events monitoring from space

Author: Kerr, Yann, Al Bitar, Ahmad, Mahmoodi, Ali, Richaume, Philippe, Al Yaari, Amen, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA)
Subjects: analyse de données, interprétation des résultats, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, data analysis, projet smos, donnée satellite, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: The SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) satellite was successfully launched in November 2009. This ESA led mission for Earth Observation is dedicated to provide soil moisture over continental surface (with an accuracy goal of 0.04 m3/m3), vegetation water content over land, and ocean salinity. These geophysical features are important as they control the energy balance between the surface and the atmosphere. Their knowledge at a global scale is of interest for climatic and weather researches, and in particular in improving model forecasts. The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission has now been collecting data for 6 years. The whole data set has just been reprocessed (Version 620 for levels 1 and 2 and version 3 for level 3 CATDS). After 6 years it seems important to start using data for having a look at anomalies and see how they can relate to large scale events The purpose of this communication is to present the mission results after more than six years in orbit in a climatic trend perspective, as through such a period anomalies can be detected. Thereby we benefit from consistent datasets provided through the latest reprocessing using most recent algorithm enhancements. Using the above mentioned products it is possible to follow large events such as the evolution of the droughts in North America, or water fraction evolution over the Amazonian basin. In this occasion we will focus on the analysis of SMOS and ancillary products anomalies to reveal two climatic trends, the temporal evolution of water storage over the Indian continent in relation to rainfall anomalies, and the global impact of El Nino types of events on the general water storage distribution. This presentation shows in detail the use of long term data sets of L-band microwave radiometry in two specific cases, namely droughts and water budget over a large basin. Several other analyses are under way currently. Obviously, vegetation water content, but also dielectric constant, are carrying a wealth of information and some interesting perspectives will be presented.
Published: 2016

13. SOIL moisture data intercomparison

Author: Kerr, Yann H., Rodriguez‐Fernandez, Nemesio, Al Yaari, Amen, Parrens, Marie, Molero, Beatriz, Mahmoodi, Ali, Mialon, Arnaud, Richaume, Philippe, Bindlish, Rajat, Mecklenburg, Susanne, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), United States Department of Agriculture, ESRIN, European Space Agency (ESA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), and ESA Centre for Earth Observation (ESRIN)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], projet smos, donnée satellite
Abstract: The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity satellite (SMOS) was launched in November 2009 and started delivering data in January 2010. Subsequently, the satellite has been in operation for over 6 years while the retrieval algorithms from Level 1 to Level 2 underwent significant evolutions as knowledge improved. Other approaches for retrieval at Level 2 over land were also investigated while Level 3 and 4 were initiated. In this présentation these improvements are assessed by inter-comparisons of the current Level 2 (V620) against the previous version (V551) and new products either using neural networks or Level 3. In addition a global evaluation of different SMOS soil moisture (SM) products is performed comparing products with those of model simulations and other satellites (AMSR E/ AMSR2 and ASCAT). Finally, all products were evaluated against in situ measurements of soil moisture (SM). The study demonstrated that the V620 shows a significant improvement (including those at level1 improving level2)) with respect to the earlier version V551. Results also show that neural network based approaches can yield excellent results over areas where other products are poor. Finally, global comparison indicates that SMOS behaves very well when compared to other sensors/approaches and gives consistent results over all surfaces from very dry (African Sahel, Arizona), to wet (tropical rain forests). RFI (Radio Frequency Interference) is still an issue even though detection has been greatly improved while RFI sources in several areas of the world are significantly reduced. When compared to other satellite products, the analysis shows that SMOS achieves its expected goals and is globally consistent over different eco climate regions from low to high latitudes and throughout the seasons.
Published: 2016

14. Evaluation of three different data fusion approaches that uses satellite soil moisture from different passive microwave sensors to construct one consistent climate record

Author: Van der Schalie, Robin, De Jeu, Richard, Kerr, Yann, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Rodríguez-Fernández, Nemesio, Al Yaari, Amen, Drusch, Matthias, Mecklenburg, Susanne, Dolman, Han, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, Space Technology Center, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), VU University Amsterdam, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), and Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU)
Subjects: analyse de données, remote sensing, capteur smos, télédétection, data analysis, capteur satellite, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, soil moisture and ocean salinity
Abstract: Evaluation of three different data fusion approaches that uses satellite soil moisture from different passive microwave sensors to construct one consistent climate record. European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2016
Published: 2016

15. SMOS and hydrology

Author: Kerr, Yann, Bircher, Simone, Rodriguez-Fernandez, Nemesio, Molero, Beatriz, Parrens, Marie, Leroux, Delphine, Pellarin, Thierry, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Mecklenburg, Susanne, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PhyREV - Processus Hydrologiques pour les Ressources en Eau Vulnérables, Laboratoire d’étude des Transferts en Hydrologie et Environnement (LTHE), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), ESRIN, European Space Agency (ESA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), and ESA Centre for Earth Observation (ESRIN)
Subjects: remote sensing, bilan hydrologique, télédétection, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, projet smos, acquisition de données, water budget, radiometer, radiomètre, donnée satellite, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: SMOS, a L Band radiometer using aperture synthesis to achieve a good spatial resolution, was successfully launched on November 2, 2009. It was developed and made under the leadership of the European Space Agency (ESA) as an Earth Explorer Opportunity mission. It is a joint program with the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) in France and the Centro para el Desarrollo Teccnologico Industrial (CDTI) in Spain. SMOS carries a single payload, an L band 2D interferometric, radiometer in the 1400-1427 MHz protected band. This wavelength penetrates well through the vegetation and the atmosphere is almost transparent enabling to infer both soil moisture and vegetation water content. SMOS achieves an unprecedented spatial resolution of 50 km at L-band maximum (43 km on average) with multi angular-dual polarized (or fully polarized) brightness temperatures over the globe and with a revisit time smaller than 3 days. SMOS has been now acquiring data for 5.5 years. The data quality exceeds what was expected, showing very good sensitivity and stability. The data is unfortunately impaired by man-made emission in the protected band, leading to degraded measurements in several areas including parts of Europe and of China. However, many different international teams are now addressing data use in various fields including hydrology. We have now acquired data over a number of significant “extreme events” such as droughts and floods giving useful information of potential applications. We are now working on the coupling with other models and or disaggregation to address soil moisture distribution over watersheds. We are also concentrating efforts on water budget and regional impacts. Assimilation of SMOS data into hydrological modelling showed positive impact in terms of stream flow and soil moisture estimation.With the development of a near real time soil moisture product using neural network approach, a wealth of new applications is bound to occur. From all those studies, it is now possible to express the “lessons learned” and derive a possible way forward. This paper thus gives an overview of the water cycle science goals of the SMOS mission, a description of its main elements, and a taste of the first results including performances at brightness temperature as well as at geophysical parameters level and how they are being put in good use for hydrological applications.
Published: 2016

16. First application of regression analysis to retrieve soil moisture from SMAP brightness temperature observations consistent with SMOS soil moisture

Author: Al Yaari, Amen, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Kerr, Yann, Rodriguez-Fernandez, Nemesio, O'Neill, Peggy, Jackson, Thomas, De Lannoy, Gabrielle, Al Bitar, Ahmad, Mialon, Arnaud, Richaume, Philippe, Yueh, Simon, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), United States Department of Agriculture, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, and Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA)
Subjects: remote sensing, télédétection, modèle de transfert radiatif, projet smos, équation de régression, donnée satellite, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: Two dedicated soil moisture (SM) spaceborne missions, ESA’s Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellites, were launched in 2009 and 2015, respectively. Both satellites have been providing microwave brightness temperature (TB) observations and SM retrievals at L-band since then (Entekhabi et al., 2010; Kerr et al., 2012). A recent study demonstrated the efficiency of physically-based multiple-linear regression equations (Wigneron et al., 2004) to retrieve SM from AMSR-E TB observations. The regression equations were derived analytically from the radiative transfer model. The purpose of that initial study was to extend the SMOS SM product into the past i.e., 2003-2009, using AMSR-E TB observations. The current study follows the same strategy to retrieve SM from SMAP TB observations with a purpose to extend the SMOS SM product into the future at the global scale. Regression coefficients were calibrated using SMOS horizontal and vertical TB observations and SM level 3 (SMOSL3 as a training data), over the 2013 - 2014 period. Based on these calibrated coefficients, global SM maps were produced from the SMAP TB observations during the 31/03-08/09/2015 period (referred here to as SMAP-reg). The SM data set obtained from SMAP TBs using the regression equations has been compared to the SMAP SM dataset computed withthe single channel algorithm and both exhibit the same temporal dynamics. For instance, figure 1 shows the (Pearson) correlation coefficient (R) between SMAP-reg and SMAP original SM over 31/03-08/09/2015. A remarkable agreement, R (mostly > 0.8), was obtained between the SMAP-reg and SMAP original SM products.Ongoing evaluations of the SMAP-reg SM product, with comparison to the SMAP original SM, against the global MERRA-Land SM simulations and in situ measurements will be presented. The main interest in the SMAP-reg SM product is that it is fully consistent with the SMOS Level 3 SM product. One of the key remaining tasks is toensure the consistent relative calibration between SMOS and SMAP TBs.
Published: 2016

17. SMOS mission after 6 years in space: where are we?

Author: Kerr, Yann, Mecklenburg, Susanne, Delwart, Steven, Boutin, Jacqueline, Ferrazzoli, Paolo, Font, Jordi, Mahmoodi, Ali, Reul, Nicolas, Richaume, Philippe, Mialon, Arnaud, Al Yaari, Amen, Bircher, Simone, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ESA Centre for Earth Observation (ESRIN), European Space Agency (ESA), Interactions et Processus au sein de la couche de Surface Océanique (IPSO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma], Department of Physical and Technological Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ESRIN, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)
Subjects: remote sensing, télédétection, projet smos, diffusion des résultats, capteur satellite, température de brillance, donnée satellite, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: The SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) satellite was successfully launched in November 2009. This ESA led mission for Earth Observation is dedicated to provide soil moisture over continental surface (with an accuracy goal of 0.04 m3/m3) vegetation water content over land and ocean salinity. These geophysical features are important as they control the energy balance between the surface and the atmosphere. Their knowledge at a global scale is of interest for climatic and weather researches in particular in improving models forecasts. The SMOS instrument measures the passive microwave emission of the Earth surface at a frequency of 1,4 GHz (L-band). The instrument is an interferometer and provides brightness temperatures with an average resolution of 40 km, at several angles and dual polarizations. Data are acquired at two times in a day at 6 am and 18 pm (local time) and insure a complete coverage of the Earth surface in 3 days with a sampling of 15 km. The main products of the mission are of course Soil Moisture and Sea Surface salinity, but also vegetation opacity (directly related to water content) of vegetation covers including forests, surface dielectric constant for level two but also brightness temperatures at the surface, strong winds, root zone soil moisture and RFI (radio frequency interferences) maps. From Level 2 SMOS data several groups have started making new products several of them being either operational or on the verge of being such. We will show some of them or refer to related presentations. They include freeze defreeze (FMI), thin sea ice (Klimat Center Hamburg), near real time brightness temperatures and soon soil moisture (ECMWF), root zone soil moisture and drought indices (USDA and CESBIO). We are also working on more elaborate products such as water fractions, flood risk indices, improved precipitation with use of assimilated SMOS data, etc. The focus in this presentation will be given to the latter new science products. The purpose of this communication is to present the mission results after almost 6 years in orbit and a major re-processing as well as some outstanding results already obtained. A special attention will be devoted to level 2 products and to the retrieval quality improvements from version 3 (at launch) to the current version 620.
Published: 2016

18. Global surface effects estimated by the L-band SMOS satellite

Author: Parrens, Marie, Mialon, Arnaud, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, FERNANDEZ MORAN, Roberto, Richaume, Philippe, Ahmad, Al Bitar, Kerr, Yann H., Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA)
Subjects: analyse de données, remote sensing, capteur smos, télédétection, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, data analysis, donnée satellite, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, soil moisture and ocean salinity, rugosité du sol
Abstract: The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission is the first satellite dedicated to providing global surface soil moisture (SM). SMOS operates at L-band (1.4 GHz) and at this frequency, the signal depends on soil moisture and vegetation optical depth but it is also significantly affected by surface effects and in particular by the soil roughness. However, when dense vegetation is present, the L-band signal is poorly sensitive to the soil effects. First, by using multiple regressions between soil moisture (SM) and brightness temperature (TB) at different incidence angles and polarizations, SMOS sensitivity to the soil effects are evaluated. A global-scale map of SMOS sensitivity to the soil effects is computed and shows that for 87\% of the land surfaces, the SMOS observations are sensitive to the soil effects, while a very low sensitivity to the soil effects was estimated over ~ 13% of the land surfaces. For instance, over broadleaf evergreen forest (essentially the Amazon and Congo forest), SMOS is sensitive to the soil effects for only half of the pixels considered. In a second step, in L-MEB (L-band Microwave Emission of the Biosphere), the forward emission model of the SMOS algorithm , the vegetation and roughness effects were combined in only one parameter referred to as TR in this study. By inverting L-MEB, SM and TR were retrieved at global scale from the SMOS Level 3 (L3) TB observations during 2011. Assuming a linear relationship between TR and LAI obtained by the MODIS data, the effects of roughness and vegetation were decoupled and a global map of soil roughness effects (Hr) was estimated. It was found that the spatial pattern of the Hr values can be associated to the main vegetation types. Higher values of roughness (Hr=0.37-0.41) were obtained for forests (broadleaf evergreen, deciduous and mixed coniferous) while the lower values (Hr=0.15-0.17) were obtained for deserts, shrubs and bare soil. Intermediate values (Hr=0.15-0.20) were obtained over grasslands, tundra and cultivations Over vegetation biomes composed by forests and wooded grasslands, Hr values are mainly correlated to the vegetation density (R ~ 0.55). For deserts, shrubs and bare soil, the Hr values were mainly correlated to the topography slopes (R ~ 0.53). The global maps presented in this study, could lead to improved retrievals of soil moisture and vegetation optical depth for present, such as SMOS and the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP), and future microwave remote sensing missions .
Published: 2016

19. SMOS level 3 soil moisture database

Author: Mialon, Arnaud, Ahmad, Al Bitar, Cabot, François, Tarot, Stéphane, Pellarin, Thierry, Richaume, Philippe, Vandermarcq, Olivier, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Kerr, Yann H., Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SISMER - Service des Systèmes d'Informations Scientifiques pour la MER, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire d’étude des Transferts en Hydrologie et Environnement (LTHE), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-DS]Computer Science [cs]/Data Structures and Algorithms [cs.DS], projet smos, acquisition de données, température de brillance
Abstract: SMOS has been delivering data since January 2010. Three ground segments have been developed among which the CATDS (Centre Aval de Traitements des Données SMOS) by the French space agency CNES [2]. This ground segment is providing the users with level 3 data that are a bit different from ESA level 1 and level 2 as these products : i) are temporally aggregated as daily, during 3-day and 10-day time window and monthly averages ii) are projected on the EASE Grid version 2 iii) using the netcdf format iv) are derived using a modified algorithm taking advantage of 3 consecutive SMOS overpasses [4] v) brightness temperatures are averaged by bin of incidence angles in the Earth reference frame, i.e. H and V polarizations. Since the beginning of the mission the algorithm to derive the SMOS data has evolved due to improvements of the models and also due to better quality SMOS brightness temperatures. A reprocessing campaign has been done in fall 2015 to deliver the entire time series (2010-spring 2015) using the latest versions of the processors and with a more accurate brightness temperatures (improved bias reconstruction). The data are available on line (http://www.catds.fr/sipad/startPage.do) through the SIPAD (Système d’Information, de Préservation et d’Accès aux Données) which is a user-friendly dissemination service that allows the users to download their own products according to their criteria (as area of interest, period of time, subset of fields...). The aim of this communication is then to present the last updates and version of the products delivered by the CATDS that is the Version 3. Derived soil moisture values are validated by comparing to SMOS level 2 and in situ measurements acquired at various climate conditions.
Published: 2016

20. Adaptation of the SMOS soil moisture retrieval algorithm for organic-rich soils and its validation over various Northern sites

Author: Bircher, Simone, Richaume, Philippe, Mahmoodi, Ali, Demontoux, François, Ikonen, Jaakko, Rautiainen, Kimmo, Vehviläinen, Juho, Moreaux, Virginie, Kim, Yongwon, Lee, Bang-Yong, Suzuki, Rikie, Ikawa, Hiroki, Oechel, Walter, Belelli Marchesini, Luca, Dolman, Han, Berg, Aaron, Jonard, François, Weihermüller, Lutz, Andreasen, Mie, Schwank, Mike, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Kerr, Yann H., Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), International Arctic Research Center (IARC), University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Arctic Research Centre of Finnish Meteorological Institute, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Agro-Meteorology Division, National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences (NIAES), Global Change Research Group, South African National Biodiversity Institute, VU University Amsterdam, University of Guelph, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1
Subjects: remote sensing, sol organique, permittivité diélectrique, télédétection, modèle de transfert radiatif, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, projet smos, radiometer, radiomètre, permittivity, donnée satellite, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, humidité de surface
Abstract: From the passive L-band microwave radiometer onboard the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) space mission global surface soil moisture data is retrieved every 3 days. Thus far, the empirical L-band Microwave Emission of the Biosphere (L-MEB) radiative transfer model applied in the SMOS soil moisture retrieval algorithm is exclusively calibrated over test sites in dry and temperate climate zones and the included dielectric mixing model relating soil moisture to permittivity accounts only for mineral soils. However, soil moisture monitoring over the higher northern latitudes is crucial since these regions are especially sensitive to climate change and a considerable feedback is expected due to carbon liberated from thawing ground of these extremely organic soils. Due to differing structural characteristics and thus varying bound water fractions, the permittivity of organic material is lower than the one of most mineral soils at a given water content. This assumption was verified by means of measurements in organic and mineral substrates from various sites in Denmark, Finland, Scotland and Siberia. For this purpose, conventional soil moisture sensors were used as well as weak perturbation and waveguide techniques in order to infer effective soil permittivity at the microwave L-band (1-2 GHz). Based on these data, a generic L-band soil moisture – permittivity relation for organic soils was derived and validated with dielectric mixing model runs as well as literature data. Furthermore, the derived function was tested in the L-MEB model. Results showed that modeled data agreed with measurements from a tower-based passive L-band microwave radiometer observing organic-rich soil over a 2 months period in a highly controlled set-up. The generic «organic» empirical model was then implemented in the SMOS Prototype Algorithm to retrieve soil moisture over a site in Northern Finland. The validation with in situ soil moisture observations calibrated for organic soils showed a distinct improvement in the agreement between the satellite and ground datasets when using the «organic» instead of the operational SMOS processor version. This analysis is to be continued in more detail and the validation effort needs to be expanded over as many regions with abundant soil organic matter content as possible. Appropriate in situ observations are currently available from various sites in Alaska, Canada, and the Netherlands. In this communication, first the derivation of the generic L-band «organic» soil moisture-permittivity model will be presented. Focus will then be on the comparison of «organic» SMOS soil moisture retrievals with corresponding operational SMOS products as well as in situ observations over all available sites.
Published: 2016

21. Soil moisture in French alpine valley using L-Band radiometer

Author: Mialon, Arnaud, Pellarin, Thierry, Lemaître, François, Richaume, Philippe, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Cabot, François, Kerr, Yann H., Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’étude des Transferts en Hydrologie et Environnement (LTHE), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Palaiseau], ONERA, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Toulouse], and European Space Agency (ESA). INT.
Subjects: remote sensing, sonde de mesure, sensor, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], télédétection, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, diffusion des résultats, température de brillance, radiometer, radiomètre, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: International audience; Since the launch of the satellite, a constant activity has been to compare SMOS derived soil moisture to in situ measurements to validate and improve the soil moisture retrieval. Many sites have been equipped with soil moisture probes and a few of them with L-Band radiometer placed on structures of ~10 m. height. The observed surfaces are homogeneous, i.e. one type of vegetation cover, whereas SMOS (~40km of resolution) observes more heterogeneous scenes, i.e. mix of different landscapes. Keeping this issue in mind, a new experimental site is proposed with the main objective to observe complex scenes to test the SMOS soil moisture retrieval. The LEWIS radiometer (L-Band radiometer for Estimating Water in Soil) has been placed by a cliff in St Hilaire du Touvet (French Alps) since May 2014. Its position allows us to monitor a surface 800m down below in the valley du Grésivaudan which is flat, avoiding topographic effect. The instrument has a beam width of 13.6° which implies a field of view of several hundreds of meters, covering various landscapes (agricultural fields, forest, lake). The instrument is equipped with 2 motors so that it moves in two directions (azimuth and elevation) and monitors regularly several areas of interest. It can also be pointed towards the deep sky for calibration. In addition, soil moisture and temperatures probes are placed in different fields in the Valley and a pyrometer is installed with the radiometer to measure the skin temperature of the observed scene. The first data confirm the consistency of Lewis measurements. The deep sky presents brightness temperatures of TBH = 5.4K et TBV = 4.3K, which is similar to what was observed at the SMOSREX site. This new site is planed to last 4 years to insure long time observations (L-band brightness temperatures and surface soil moisture) of heterogeneous scenes. Further works will also imply sun glint effect, snow detection and effect of urban areas.
Published: 2016

22. Soil moisture from space: techniques and limitations

Author: Kerr, Yann H., Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Ahmad, Al Bitar, Mialon, Arnaud, Srivastava, P.K., Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Banaras Hindu University [Varanasi] (BHU), Prashant K. Srivastava (ed.), George P. Petropoulos (ed.), and Yann H. Kerr (ed.)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: Chapitre 1; International audience; Soil moisture has always been an important surface variable, but its retrieval in a global fashion has always proved very difficult. From dedicated science networks to operational ones, it is almost impossible to access a global view of our planet, not to mention measurement homogeneity. Remote sensing can provide a solution in the sense that the coverage can be global and the uniqueness of the instruments favors homogeneity. However, the requirements are very stringent and only “all weather” direct measurements could provide an answer. Currently, this is only possible with low-frequency, passive microwave measurements. Moreover, these measurements only concern the surface layer. To access the vadose zone, indirect methods using models and assimilation are required. Finally, specific surface conditions (dense rain forest, snow covered soils, etc.) can significantly hamper the measurements, making global coverage a difficult goal to attain. Considering the importance of soil moisture in a range of fields, it seems important to see how, by merging different approaches, we can try to offer a complete coverage and provide long temporal series. The second goal is to provide a feeling of what could be the future evolution required to obtain, from space, accurate, adequate, and useful information on soil moisture.
Published: 2016

23. Testing simple local regression equations to derive long‐term global soil moisture datasets from passive microwave observations

Author: Al Yaari, Amen, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Kerr, Yann, De Jeu, Richard, Rodriguez‐Fernandez, Nemesio, Van der Schalie, Robin, Dolman, Han, Drusch, Matthias, Mecklenburg, Susanne, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), ESA Centre for Earth Observation (ESRIN), European Space Research Institute (ESRIN). ITA., Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: The European Space Agency's Water Cycle Multimission Observation Strategy (WACMOS) was set up in 2010‐2012 and supported by the Support To Science Element (STSE) program. Within WACMOS first long term soil moisture (SM) data records from passive and active microwave data have been developed. In January 2012 the ESA Climate Change Initiative (CCI) SM program started and refined the SM products obtained during the preliminary WACMOS project. In June 2012, the first long term SM datasets have been made public available through the ESA CCI portal (Su et al., 2010) and in July 2014 the second version was available also on the same portal. This product was computed by merging surface SM (SSM) data sets retrieved from several microwave sensors in an attempt to produce the most complete and consistent long‐term time series of SM (1978‐2013) (http://www.esa‐cci.org/)(Liu et al., 2012). Two dedicated SM spaceborne missions, the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and Soil Moisture Active/Passive (SMAP) satellites, were launched just recently, and therefore not yet considered for the CCI product. SMOS is an innovative in space technology that has been providing multi‐angular microwave brightness temperatures TB observations at L‐band since 2010 (Kerr et al., 2012). The ESA established a passive microwave SSM fusion study to investigate the inclusion of SMOS SSM in a long‐term SM datasets. For this purpose, three approaches have been selected: the Land Parameter Retrieval Model (LPRM) algorithm (Owe et al., 2001; Owe et al., 2008; Van der Schalie et al., 2015), neural networks (Rodriguez‐Fernandez et al., 2014; Rodríguez‐Fernández et al., 2015), and local statistical regressions (Wigneron et al., 2004). The present study addresses only the local regressions, as the first two methods are addressed by other groups. Objectives: The main objectives of this study are to: (i) test a physically based local regression method to retrieve SSM from the AMSR‐E TB observations at the global scale, (ii) extend the SMOS SSM into the past (2003‐2009), (iii) compare the quality of this product to the other SM datasets produced from the two other approaches, with reference to modelled SSM datasets and in situ measurements at both global and local scales. Methods: Wigneron et al. (2004) and Saleh et al. (2006) have developed and evaluated physically‐based regression equations between the SSM and microwave reflectivity (i.e. one minus emissivity) derived analytically from the radiative transfer model (τ‐ω model) (Mo et al., 1982; Wigneron et al., 1995). More specifically, this study investigated the use of these local regression methods to retrieve SSM based on a combination of passive microwave remote sensing observations from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR‐E; 2003 ‐ Sept. 2011) and the SMOS sensors. Regression coefficients were calibrated “locally” over each pixel using AMSR‐E horizontal and vertical TB observations and SMOS level 3 SM (SMOSL3; as a training data). This calibration process was carried out over the June 2010 ‐ Sept. 2011 period, over which both SMOS and AMSRE observations coincide. Results and conclusion: Based on these calibrated coefficients, global SSM maps were computed from the AMSR‐E TB observations during the 2003‐2011 period (referred here to as AMSR‐reg). The regression quality was assessed by evaluating the AMSR‐reg SSM maps against the SMOSL3 SSM products over the period of calibration, in terms of correlations (R) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). A good agreement, R (mostly > 0.75) and RMSE (mostly < 0.04 m3/m3), was obtained between the AMSR‐reg and SMOSL3 SSM products particularly over Australia, central USA, central Asia, and the Sahel. AMSR‐reg retrievals were compared to the original AMSR‐E SSM retrievals derived from the Land Parameter Retrieval Model (AMSR‐LPRM), against two kinds of reference SSM: (i) global MERRA‐Land SSM simulations (2003 ‐ 2009) and (ii) in situ measurements (2008‐2009). The results demonstrated that both AMSR‐reg and AMSR‐LPRM (better) successfully captured the temporal dynamics of the used SM references in terms of correlation values. The AMSR‐reg was more consistent with MERRA‐land than AMSR‐LPRM in terms of unbiased RMSE (unbRMSE) particularly over high latitude regions with a global average of unbRMSE of 0.059 and 0.098 m3/m3, respectively. In conclusion, the statistical regression appears to be a promising approach for merging the SSM data sets retrieved from both AMSR‐E and SMOS in the framework of the ESA CCI project.
Published: 2015

24. SMOS the water cycle mission : an overview, Earth Observation for water cycle science

Author: Kerr, Yann H., Delwart, Steven, Mecklenburg, Susanne, Boutin, Jacqueline, Ferrazzoli, Patricia, Mahmoodi, Ali, Al-Yaari, Amen, Mialon, Arnaud, Richaume, Philippe, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Bircher, Simone, Rodriguez‐fernandez, Nemesio, Reul, Nicolas, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ESA Centre for Earth Observation (ESRIN), European Space Agency (ESA), Interactions et Processus au sein de la couche de Surface Océanique (IPSO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma], Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636))
Subjects: [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: International audience; The SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) satellite was successfully launched in November 2009. This ESA led mission for Earth Observation is dedicated to provide soil moisture over continental surface (with an accuracy goal of 0.04 m3/m3) vegetation water content over land and ocean salinity. These geophysical features are important as they control the energy balance between the surface and the atmosphere. Their knowledge at a global scale is of interest for climatic and weather researches in particular in improving models forecasts. The SMOS instrument measures the passive microwave emission of the Earth surface at a frequency of 1,4 GHz (L‐band). The instrument is an interferometer and provides brightness temperatures with an average resolution of 40 km, at several angles and dual polarizations. Data are acquired at two times in a day at 6 am and 18 pm (local time) and insure a complete coverage of the Earth surface in 3 days with a sampling of 15 km. The main products of the mission are of course Soil Moisture and Sea Surface salinity, but also vegetation opacity (directly related to water content) of vegetation covers including forests, surface dielectric constant for level two but also brightness temperatures at the surface, strong winds, root zone soil moisture and RFI (radio frequency interferences) maps. From Level 2 SMOS data several groups have started making new products several of them being either operational or on the verge of being such. We will show some of them or refer to related presentations. They include freeze defreeze (FMI), thin sea ice (Klimat Center Hamburg), near real time brightness temperatures and soon soil moisture (ECMWF), root zone soil moisture and drought indices (USDA and CESBIO). We are also working on more elaborate products such as water fractions, flood risk indexes, improved precipitation with use of assimilated SMOS data, etc. The focus in this presentation will be given to the latter new science products. The purpose of this communication is to present the mission results after almost 6 years in orbit and a major re‐processing as well as some outstanding results already obtained. A special attention will be devoted to level 2 products and to the retrieval quality improvements from version 3 (at launch) to the current version 620.
Published: 2015

25. SMOS and hydrology

Author: Kerr, Yann H., Ahmad, Al Bitar, Leroux, Delphine, Pellarin, Thierry, Molero, Beatriz, Choné, Audrey, Parrens, Marie, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: radiométrie microonde, impact régional, télédétection, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Signal and Image processing, Traitement du signal et de l'image, projet smos, Milieux et Changements globaux, donnée satellite, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: International audience; SMOS, a L Band radiometer using aperture synthesis to achieve a good spatial resolution, was successfully launched on November 2, 2009. It was developed and made under the leadership of the European Space Agency (ESA) as an Earth Explorer Opportunity mission. It is a joint program with the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) in France and the Centro para el Desarrollo Teccnologico Industrial (CDTI) in Spain. SMOS carries a single payload, an L band 2D interferometric, radiometer in the 1400‐1427 MHz protected band. This wavelength penetrates well through the vegetation and the atmosphere is almost transparent enabling to infer both soil moisture and vegetation water content. SMOS achieves an unprecedented spatial resolution of 50 km at L‐band maximum (43 km on average) with multi angular‐dual polarized (or fully polarized) brightness temperatures over the globe and with a revisit time smaller than 3 days. SMOS has been now acquiring data for 5.5 years. The data quality exceeds what was expected, showing very good sensitivity and stability. The data is however impaired by man‐made emission in the protected band, leading to degraded measurements in several areas including parts of Europe and of China. However, many different international teams are now addressing data use in various fields including hydrology. We have now acquired data over a number of significant “extreme events” such as droughts and floods giving useful information of potential applications. We are now working on the coupling with other models and or disaggregation to address soil moisture distribution over watersheds. We are also concentrating efforts on water budget and regional impacts. From all those studies, it is now possible to express the “lessons learned” and derive a possible way forward. This paper thus gives an overview of the water cycle science goals of the SMOS mission, a description of its main elements, and a taste of the first results including performances at brightness temperature as well as at geophysical parameters level and how they are being put in good use for hydrological applications.
Published: 2015

26. SMOS soil moisture assimilation for improved hydrologic simulation in the Murray Darling Basin, Australia

Author: Ahmad, Al Bitar, Lievens, H., Tomer, Sat-Kumar, De Lannoy, G.J.M., Drusch, M., Dumedah, G., Hendricks Franssen, H.-J., Kerr, Yann H., Martens, B., Pan, M., Roundy, J.K., Vereecken, H., Walker, J.P., Wood, E.F., Verhoest, N.E.C., Pauwels, V.R.N., Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), SATYUKT ANALYTICS PVT LTD BANGALORE IND, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), ESA/ESTEC, and Princeton University
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Hydrological modelling, 0207 environmental engineering, Drainage basin, Soil Science, Streamflow, Murray Darling Basin, 02 engineering and technology, Structural basin, 01 natural sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Data assimilation, Computers in Earth Sciences, 020701 environmental engineering, Water content, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Geology, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Ensemble Kalman filter, Soil moisture, Surface runoff, SMOS
Abstract: This study explores the benefits of assimilating SMOS soil moisture retrievals for hydrologic modeling, with a focus on soil moisture and streamflow simulations in the Murray Darling Basin, Australia. In this basin, floods occur relatively frequently and initial catchment storage is known to be key to runoff generation. The land surface model is the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model. The model is calibrated using the available streamflow records of 169 gauge stations across the Murray Darling Basin. The VIC soil moisture forecast is sequentially updated with observations from the SMOS Level 3 CATDS (Centre Aval de Traitement des Données SMOS) soil moisture product using the Ensemble Kalman filter. The assimilation algorithm accounts for the spatial mismatch between the model (0.125°) and the SMOS observation (25km) grids. Three widely-used methods for removing bias between model simulations and satellite observations of soil moisture are evaluated. These methods match the first, second and higher order moments of the soil moisture distributions, respectively. In this study, the first order bias correction, i.e. the rescaling of the long term mean, is the recommended method. Preserving the observational variability of the SMOS soil moisture data leads to improved soil moisture updates, particularly for dry and wet conditions, and enhances initial conditions for runoff generation. Second or higher order bias correction, which includes a rescaling of the variance, decreases the temporal variability of the assimilation results. In comparison with in situ measurements of OzNet, the assimilation with mean bias correction reduces the root mean square error (RMSE) of the modeled soil moisture from 0.058m3/m3 to 0.046m3/m3 and increases the correlation from 0.564 to 0.714. These improvements in antecedent wetness conditions further translate into improved predictions of associated water fluxes, particularly runoff peaks. In conclusion, the results of this study clearly demonstrate the merit of SMOS data assimilation for soil moisture and streamflow predictions at the large scale. publisher: Elsevier articletitle: SMOS soil moisture assimilation for improved hydrologic simulation in the Murray Darling Basin, Australia journaltitle: Remote Sensing of Environment articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.06.025 content_type: article copyright: Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ispartof: Remote Sensing of Environment vol:168 pages:146-162 status: published
Published: 2015

27. Eleven-years of an homogeneous soil moisture dataset from AMSR-E and SMOS observations

Author: Rodriguez-Fernandez, Nemesio, Kerr, Yann, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Al Yaari, Amen, De Jeu, Richard, Van der Schalie, Robin, Mecklenburg, Susanne, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, ESRIN, European Space Agency (ESA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), ESA Centre for Earth Observation (ESRIN), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), VU University Amsterdam, and Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU)
Subjects: analyse de données, remote sensing, télédétection, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, data analysis, Signal and Image processing, Traitement du signal et de l'image, Milieux et Changements globaux, donnée satellite, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: Eleven-years of an homogeneous soil moisture dataset from AMSR-E and SMOS observations. 2015 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS
Published: 2015

28. SMOS after five years in operations : from tentative research to operational applications

Author: Kerr, Yann H., Mecklenburg, Susanne, Delwart, Steven, Drusch, Matthias, Ferrazzoli, Paolo, Font, Jordi, Hahne, Achim, Mahmoodi, Ali, Reul, Nicolas, Richaume, Philippe, Waldteufel, Philippe, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma], Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Spatiale (LOS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), ESTER - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2015

29. Validation of SMOS level 3 soil moisture data

Author: Mialon, Arnaud, Ahmad, Al Bitar, Cabot, François, Bircher, Simone, Leroux, Delphine, Parrens, Marie, Pellarin, Thierry, Richaume, Philippe, Rodriguez‐Fernandez, Nemesio, Kerr, Yann H., Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), European Space Agency (ESA). INT., Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). FRA., and SMOS MODE (Mission Oceanographic Data Exploitation). INT.
Subjects: [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: International audience; The SMOS ground segment “CATDS” (Centre Aval de Traitement des Données SMOS) has been delivering level 3 data, which are temporal aggregated products (1-day, 3-day, 10-day, monthly average). The retrieval is based on a modified version of ESA level 2 soil moisture processor to account for multi-orbit retrievals, correlated vegetation optical depth, projection on the EASE Grid. The soil moisture retrieval has evolved and improved since its first version and major changes lead to reprocessing campaigns to obtain homogeneous time series, i.e. data done using one processor. Three campaigns have been done so far at the CATDS and the last one, referred to as reprocessing RE03, uses the last calibrated brightness temperatures (version 620 for ESA level1C, version 280 for CATDS level3TB) and the last soil moisture processor (version 620 for EASE level 2 SM and version 280 for CATDS level 2 SM). The new set of products will be available in Spring 2015. The validation of SMOS data (level 2 and 3) has been a constant activity since the beginning of the mission. It consists in evaluating the performances of these products by comparing them at various climate areas like for example in Australia, West Africa, Denmark, France, in the US. It is done for every release to insure that the new data are consistent and closer to in-situ observations, as for instance when it was decided to switch the dielectric constant model. The aim of this communication is then to present data from the RE03 campaign and to discuss the changes and improvements of the new releases. A first analysis over a week (sept. 2013) shows that the new soil moisture values (RE03 version V280) are globally lower than the previous version by 0.01 m3/m3. This result is preliminary and the analysis will be extended to a longer time period.
Published: 2015

30. Testing simple regression equations to derive long-term global soil moisture datasets from satellite-based brightness temperature observations

Author: Al-Yaari, Amen, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Ducharne, Agnès, Kerr, Yann H., De Jeu, Richard, Schalie, Robin, Rodriguez‐Fernandez, Nemesio, Drusch, Matthias, Dolman, Han, Mecklenburg, Susanne, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), VU University Amsterdam, European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), ESA Centre for Earth Observation (ESRIN), European Space Agency (ESA). INT., Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). FRA., SMOS MODE (Mission Oceanographic Data Exploitation). INT., Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU)
Subjects: [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: International audience; Passive microwave sensors offer the opportunity to retrieve surface SM (SSM) information from the measured brightness temperatures (TB) signals. Nevertheless, these microwave sensors provide individually SSM datasets which may not be consistent worldwide and across time. Therefore, the European Space Agency (ESA) established the Climate Change Initiative (CCI) project with a purpose to merge different observations acquired by several microwave sensors in an attempt to produce the most complete and consistent long-term time series of SSM over 1978-2010 as a first phase [1]. A new innovation in space technology, namely the SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) SSM datasets has been providing multi-angular microwave TB observations at L-band [2] since 2010. SSM can be retrieved from the SMOS TB observations using several approaches such as a Radiative Transfer based model inversion (e.g. the ESA and CNES operational algorithms [2]), neural networks [3], and statistical regressions. The SMOS satellite being the first mission specifically designed to measure SSM from space, this study -an ESA-funded project- aims at studying the inclusion of SMOS SSM as reference for the long-term SSM datasets. Specifically, investigating the use of physically based multiple-linear regressions [4] to retrieve a global and long-term (e.g. 2003-2014) SSM record based on a combination of passive microwave remote sensing observations from the AMSR-E (2003 - 2011) and SMOS (2010 - 2014) sensors. The overlap measurement period (June 2010-Sept 2011) between AMSR-E and SMOS was used for calibration and validation. The coefficients of the regression equations were calibrated using AMSR-E TB and SMOS Level 3 (SMOSL3, V2.72) SSM (used here as a reference) over the Oct 2010 - Sept 2011 period while the rest of the overlap period (June – Sept 2010) was used for validation. Based on the calibrated coefficients, global SSM maps were computed from the AMSR-E TB observations over the validation period (referred here to as AMSR-reg product). First results showed that the regression approach is very promising as it produces realistic SSM values from the AMSR-E TB product in terms of absolute values. Fig 1 displays a comparison between the temporal mean of the SMOSL3 and AMSR-reg SSM products over the validation period (June – Sept 2010). The global distributions of SSM and its spatial patterns are similar for both products with low values over arid and semi-arid regions, moderate values over India, the Sahel and the Eastern part of Australia. An overall mean of SSM of 0.129 m3/m3 and 0.128 m3/m3 was computed for SMOSL3 and AMSR-reg, respectively. This study is in progress and further investigations will be directed to (i) evaluate the AMSR-reg SSM retrievals against land surface SSM simulations (e.g., MERRA-Land) and in situ observations over the period 2003-2009, at the global and local scales and (ii) investigate the temporal consistency of AMSR-reg (2003-2009) and SMOSL3 (2010-2014) SSM time series. Based on the results, the final goal of this study will be to merge the AMSR-reg (2003-2009) and SMOSL3 (2010-2014) SSM time series to produce a long term and consistent SSM product.
Published: 2015

31. The SMOS level2 soil moisture algorithm. Principles and future trends

Author: Kerr, Yann H., Richaume, Philippe, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Ferrazzoli, Paolo, Mahmoodi, Ali, Delwart, Steven, Drusch, Matthias, Mecklenburg, Susanne, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma], European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), and European Space Agency (ESA). INT.
Subjects: [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: International audience; The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission is ESA’s (European Space Agency) second Earth Explorer Opportunity mission, launched in November 2009. It is a joint programme between ESA CNES (Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales) and CDTI (Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnologico Industrial). SMOS carries a single payload, an L-Band 2D interferometric radiometer in the 1400-1427 MHz protected band. The goal of the level 2 algorithm is to deliver global soil moisture maps with a desired accuracy of 0.04 m3/m3. To reach this goal a retrieval algorithm was developed and implemented in the Ground segment which processes level 1 to level 2 data. In this context, a group of institutes prepared the soil moisture Algorithm Theoretical Basis document (ATBD) to be used to produce the operational algorithm. The principle of the soil moisture retrieval algorithm is based on an iterative approach which aims at minimizing a cost function. The main component of the cost function is given by the sum of the squared weighted differences between measured and modelled brightness temperature (TB) data, for a variety of incidence angles. The algorithm finds the best set of the parameters, e.g. soil moisture (SM) and vegetation characteristics, which drive the direct TB model and minimizes the cost function. The end user Level 2 SM product contains soil moisture, vegetation opacity, and estimated dielectric constant of any surface, brightness temperatures computed at 42.5°, flags and quality indices, and other parameters of interest. Based on recent study and analysis (see paper by JP Wigneron on LMEB, P Ferrazzoli on forest etc.. and results acquired since launch we have revisited the algorithm(flags, retrievals outputs, aux data). The goal of this presentation is to give an update on the algorithm changes and trends. Validation will be presented in other papers.
Published: 2015

32. SMOS after five years in operations: from tentative research to operational applications

Author: Kerr, Yann H., Mecklenburg, Susanne, Delwart, Steven, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Ferrazzoli, Paolo, Hahne, Achim, Font, Jordi, Reul, Nicolas, Boutin, Jacqueline, Richaume, Philippe, Mahmoodi, Ali, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ESA Centre for Earth Observation (ESRIN), European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma], Department of Physical and Technological Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), European Space Agency (ESA). INT., Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). FRA., European Society for Agronomy (ESA). INT., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: International audience; The SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) satellite was successfully launched in November 2009. This ESA led mission for Earth Observation is dedicated to provide soil moisture over continental surface (with an accuracy goal of 0.04 m3/m3) vegetation water content over land and ocean salinity [1-2]. These geophysical features are important as they control the energy balance between the surface and the atmosphere. Their knowledge at a global scale is of interest for climatic and weather researches in particular in improving models forecasts. The purpose of this communication is to present the mission results after more than five years in orbit as well as some outstanding results already obtained. A special attention will be devoted to level 2 products and to the retrieval quality improvements from version 3 (at launch) to version 6 (release early 2015) of the algorithms. We will also show several operational products already emerging from this science driven mission after only 5 years in space. The main products of the mission are of course soil moisture and Sea Surface salinity, but also vegetation opacity (directly related to water content) including forests, surface dielectric constant for level two but also brightness temperatures at the surface, strong winds, root zone soil moisture and RFI (radio frequency interferences) maps. From data several groups have started making new products several of them being either operational or on the verge of being such. We will show some of them or refer to related presentations. They include freeze defreeze (FMI), thin sea ice (Klimat Center Hamburg), near real time brightness temperatures and soon soil moisture (ECMWF), root zone soil moisture and drought indices (USDA and CESBIO). We are also working on more elaborate products such water fractions, flood risk indicator, Improved precipitation with use of assimilated SMOS data, etc.
Published: 2015

33. A review of the recent improvements in the L-MEB Model (SMOS Mission) - Impact on the accuracy of the soil moisture retrievals

Author: Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Kerr, Yann H., Ferrazzoli, Paolo, Schwank, Mike, Lopez-Baeza, Ernesto, Parrens, Marie, Fernandez-Moran, Roberto, Al-Yaari, Amen, Richaume, Philippe, Bircher, Simone, Mialon, Arnaud, Ahmad, Al Bitar, Delwart, Steven, Mecklenburg, Susanne, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma], Gamma Remote Sensing, Universitat de València (UV), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), ESA Centre for Earth Observation (ESRIN), European Space Agency (ESA). INT., Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). FRA., and European Society for Agronomy (ESA). INT.
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; The L-MEB (L-band Microwave Emission of the Biosphere) is the forward model used in the operational SMOS algorithm to retrieve surface soil moisture (SM). This model is based on a well-known zero-order solution of the radiative transfer equations: the so called τ-ω model, L-MEB includes several parameterisations which were developed specifically to account for the multi-angular and bi-polarization capabilities of the SMOS brightness temperature (TB) observations in the retrieval process. A detailed description of the L-MEB model has been given in Wigneron et al. (2007). Since then, the model has been implemented in the SMOS algorithm which produced time series of the Level 2 (ESA) and Level 3 (CATDS) SM products, since the beginning of 2010. These SM products have been evaluated against numerical modelling products, in situ data from large SM networks included in the SMOS cal/val initiative and in a series of experimental campaigns based on field (SMOSREX, MELBEX, Upper Danube, etc.) or airborne measurements (NAFE-06, Australia; CAROLS, France; etc.). Eventually, numerical and physical models were used to develop new parameterizations of the soil roughness, soil permittivity, forests and low vegetation effects. Based on this very dense scientific activity some possible future improvements of the L-MEB model have been proposed. In a first step, this communication makes a quick review of the most significant recent results obtained in this field of research. In a second step, we present an illustration of the impact on the SM retrievals of using of a new parameterization of soil surface roughness in L-MEB which consists in combining both the roughness and vegetation effects in a single parameter (TR). The advantages of the SRP approach are twofold: firstly it not necessary to calibrate roughness effects (this is quite an open issue for large scale SMOS pixels) and secondly, the SRP method allows accounting for possible time changes in both the roughness characteristics and the vegetation optical depth. In this study, we present results of the evaluation of the SRP method against in situ measurements made within the SCAN network in 2011 in the USA. Even though first results are very encouraging, more studies evaluating the improvement in SM retrievals using the SRP method from the SMOS observations will be crucial to consolidate the novel retrieval method as a feasible option in the determination of SM at global scale.
Published: 2015

34. SMOSHiLat: Microwave L-band emissions of organic-rich soils in the northern cold climate zone in support of the SMOS mission

Author: Bircher, Simone, Richaume, Philippe, Demontoux, François, Mahmoodi, Ali, Jonard, François, Weihermüller, Lutz, Andreasen, Mie, Ikonen, Jaakko, Vehviläinen, Juho, Razafindratsima, Stephen, Rautiainen, Kimmo, Schwank, Mike, Mialon, Arnaud, Wigneron, J.-P., Kerr, Yann, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Research Center Jülich, Germany, ∗Agrosphere (IBG-3), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH-Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH-Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH-Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Department of Computer Science [ETH Zürich] (D-INFK), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), European Space Agency (ESA). INT., Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), and Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE)
Subjects: [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; L-band microwave (1.4 GHz) brightness temperature (TB) observations of the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite are used to retrieve global soil moisture data, taking advantage of the large difference between the dielectric constant of dry soil and water. The retrieval is based on the L-band Microwave Emission of the Biosphere (L-MEB) model using tuning parameters derived from study sites in dry and temperate climate zones. Thus, the aim of the SMOSHiLat project (ESA’s STSE Changing Earth Science Network) is to improve our understanding of L-band emissions and supporting SMOS data quality in more northern climate zones covered by pronounced organic surface layers. A database is created including L-band TB and dielectric constant measurements of organic-rich soils, mainly from (1) Sodankylä, Finland (Finish Meteorological Institute), and (2) Gludsted, Denmark (HOBE). Additional organic samples are available from Islay, Scotland, and the West Siberian Plain, Russia. The L-band dielectric constant measurements conducted at the IMS Laboratory (Bordeaux, France), show no distinct variability between a range of humus types encountered in the four regions. Due to the increased bound water fraction in porous organic material dielectric constants are consistently lower than measured in the underlying sandy mineral soils. Hence, one function was fitted through all organic soil moisture – dielectric constant couples, and tested in L-MEB by means of the tower-based ELBARA radiometer dataset acquired at the Research Center Jülich using Danish organic-rich soil. The derived relation proved satisfactory, and consequently, was implemented in the SMOS Soil Moisture Level 2 Prototype Processor (SML2PP). First runs were conducted over the Sodankylä test site and compared with retrieved soil moisture using the Dobson and Mironov dielectric mixing models. Results demonstrated significantly wetter retrieved soil moisture when using the organic fit function. This is in better agreement with an in situ surface soil moisture network average from measurements specifically calibrated for organic material and representative for prevailing land cover and soil types. Further test runs over other sites are planned in the near future. In this presentation, the SMOSHiLat project will be presented with special focus on the SML2PP studies.
Published: 2015

35. Soil moisture retrieval at global scale using the SRP (Simplified Roughness Parameterization)

Author: Fernandez-Moran, Roberto, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Lopez-Baeza, Ernesto, Al-Yaari, Amen, Bircher, Simone, Coll-Pajaron, Amparo, Mahmoodi, Ali, Parrens, Marie, Richaume, Philippe, Kerr, Yann H., Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Universitat de València (UV), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Array Systems Computing, Partenaires INRAE, European Space Agency (ESA). INT., Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). FRA., and SMOS MODE (Mission Oceanographic Data Exploitation). INT.
Subjects: [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: International audience; The estimation of soil moisture by SMOS is based on the relationship between the dielectric constant and the brightness temperature at L-band (~1.4 MHz). Furthermore, certain physical contributions which perturb the signal must be taken into account: soil and vegetation temperatures, texture and roughness, vegetation cover and litter. The parameterization of roughness in the SMOS level 2 retrieval algorithm is based on four parameters (HR, QR, NRH and NRV) which are set as default contributions depending on a land classification. As some studies have suggested, there is the possibility of combining soil roughness and vegetation contributions as a single parameter in the retrieval algorithm (method referred to as SRP, Simplified Roughness Parameterization). Classical retrieval approaches considers SM and TAU (vegetation optical depth) as retrieved parameters, while the SRP is based on the retrieval of SM and the new TR parameter combining TAU and soil roughness (TR = TAU + HR /2), besides the assumption of thermodynamic equilibrium at 6 am and 6 pm (ground and canopy temperature are equal). This method leads to an important simplification in the algorithm and allows accounting for time changes in the value of the roughness parameter HR. In this study, the SRP was tested over the Valencia Anchor Station (VAS) with satisfactory results. Later, this method was analyzed against SM data measured over many in situ sites worldwide. The use of SRP is a promising alternative for SM estimation at L-Band. This method implies that soil roughness parameter HR does no longer need to be calibrated since HR is retrieved simultaneously to vegetation optical depth.
Published: 2015

36. Improvements of the most recent reprocessed SMOS soil moisture products

Author: Al-Yaari, Amen, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Ducharne, Agnès, Kerr, Yann H., Mecklenburg, Susanne, Delwart, Steven, Fernandez-Moran, Roberto, Parrens, Marie, Ahmad, Al Bitar, Mialon, Arnaud, Richaume, Philippe, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ESA Centre for Earth Observation (ESRIN), European Space Agency (ESA), Universitat de València (UV), European Space Agency (ESA). INT., Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). FRA., European Society for Agronomy (ESA). INT., Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)
Subjects: [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: International audience; Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite has been providing soil moisture (SM) and ocean salinity (OS) retrievals at L-band for five years (2010-2014). During these five years, the SM retrieval algorithm, the L-MEB (L-Band Microwave Emission of the Biosphere; (Wigneron et al., 2007)) model has been progressively improved and hence results in different versions of the SMOS SM products. This study aims at evaluating the last improvement in the SM products of the most recent SMOS level 3 (SMOSL3) reprocessing (SMOSL3_New, Processor V2.72) vs. the earlier versions (SMOSL3_Old, retrieval algorithm processors V2.45-48). The new SM product (V2.72) includes improvements, but not limited to, in (i) Level 1 brightness temperature reprocessing including a better detection of Radio Frequency interferences (RFI) and (ii) the L-MEB SM retrieval model such as replacing the Dobson dielectric model (Dobson et al., 1985) by the Mironov dielectric mixing model (Mironov et al., 2009). METHOD The SMOSL3_New and SMOSL3_Old versions were compared against SM-DAS-2 SM data assimilation system produced by the European Center for Medium range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) forecast model at the global scale. RESULTS Correlation, bias, Root Mean Square Difference (RMSD) and unbiased RMSD (unbRMSD) were used as performance criteria in this study. First results show that the SMOS SM estimates have been improved: (i) SMOSL3_New was closer to SM-DAS-2 over most of the globe-with the exception of arid regions-in terms of bias, RMSD, and unbRMSD (ii) SMOSL3_New was closer to SM-DAS-2 over Europe and India but comparable with SMOSL3_Old over most of the rest of the globe in terms of correlations. For instance, Fig. 1 shows the areas, in green, where SMOSL3_New has the lowest unbRMSD (66% of the considered pixels), and the areas, in red, where SMOSL3_Old has the lowest unbRMSD (34% of the considered pixels). The positive impact of introducing the improvements mentioned above in the new processing of SMOS datasets is clearly observed in the figure with the exception of deserts, particularly over sand dunes areas, where the Dobson model may be more accurate than the Mironov model. This study is in progress and will be extended using other existing satellites (ASCAT, AMSR-E, etc.) and in situ observations to precisely evaluate the improvements of the most recent SMOS soil moisture reprocessing.
Published: 2015

37. Long time series of soil moisture obtained using neural networks : application to AMSR-E and SMOS

Author: Rodriguez‐Fernandez, Nemesio, Kerr, Yann H., De Jeu, Richard, Van der Schalie, Robin, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Al-Yaari, Amen, Dolman, Han, Drusch, Matthias, Mecklenburg, Susanne, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), ESA Centre for Earth Observation (ESRIN), European Geosciences Union (EGU). DEU., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), and VU University Amsterdam
Subjects: analyse de données, télédétection par satellite, capteur smos, Signal and Image processing, Earth Sciences, Traitement du signal et de l'image, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, radiomètre, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Sciences de la Terre, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2015

38. Global SMOS soil moisture retrievals using the land parameter retrieval model

Author: Van der Schalie, Robin, De Jeu, Richard, Kerr, Yann H., Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Rodriguez‐Fernandez, Nemesio, Al-Yaari, Amen, Drusch, Matthias, Mecklenburg, Susanne, Dolman, Han, VU University Amsterdam, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), ESA Centre for Earth Observation (ESRIN), European Geosciences Union (EGU). DEU., Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), and Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU)
Subjects: capteur smos, télédétection, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Earth Sciences, Signal and Image processing, Traitement du signal et de l'image, humidité du sol, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Milieux et Changements globaux, donnée satellite, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Sciences de la Terre, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2015

39. Mapping water bodies over tropical basins from SMOS L-band brightness temperature

Author: Parrens, Marie, Al-Bitar, Ahmad, Kerr, Yann, Cote, Rémi, Richaume, Philippe, Crétaux, Jean-François, Cherchali, Selma, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), European Geosciences Union (EGU). DEU., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, Electromagnetism, niveau d'eau, télédétection par satellite, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Signal and Image processing, méthode de cartographie, Traitement du signal et de l'image, Electromagnétisme, température de brillance, Milieux et Changements globaux, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2015

40. Validación a largo plazo de datos de nivel 3 de tierra de SMOS con medidas de ELBARA-II en la Valencia Anchor Station

Author: Fernandez-Moran, Roberto, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, López-Baeza, Ernesto, Miernecki, Maciej, Salgado-Hernanz, Paula Maria, Coll, Amparo, Kerr, Yann, Schwank, Mike, Universitat de València (UV), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: brightness temperature, L-MEB, télédétection, capteur smos, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, humidité du sol, température de brillance, radiomètre, rugosité du sol, vegetation optical depth
Abstract: La misión de SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) se lanzó el 2 de Noviembre de 2009 con el objetivo de proporcionar datos de humedad del suelo y salinidad del mar. La principal actividad de la conocida como Valencia Anchor Station (VAS) es asistir en la validación a largo plazo de productos de suelo de SMOS. El presente estudio se centra en una validación de datos de nivel 3 de SMOS en la VAS con medidas in situ tomadas en el periodo 2010-2012. El radiómetro Elbara-II está situado dentro de los confines de la VAS, observando un campo de viñedos que se considera representativo de una gran proporción de un área de 50×50 km, suficiente para cubrir un footprint de SMOS. Las temperaturas de brillo (TB) adquiridas por ELBARA-II se compararon con las observadas por SMOS en las mismas fechas y horas. También se utilizó la inversión del modelo L-MEB con el fin de obtener humedades de suelo (SM) que, posteriormente, se compararon con datos de nivel 3 de SMOS. Se ha encontrado una buena correlación entre ambas series de TB, con mejoras año tras año, achacable fundamentalmente a la disminución de precipitaciones en el periodo objeto de estudio y a la mitigación de las interferencias por radiofrecuencia en banda L. La mayor homogeneidad del footprint del radiómetro ELBARA-II frente al de SMOS explica la mayor variabilidad de sus TB. Los periodos de precipitación más intensa (primavera y otoño) también son de mayor SM, lo que corrobora la consistencia de los resultados de SM simulados a través de las observaciones del radiómetro. Sin embargo, se debe resaltar una subestimación por parte de SMOS de los valores de SM respecto a los obtenidos por ELBARA-II, presumiblemente debido a la influencia que la pequeña fracción de suelo no destinado al cultivo de la vid tiene sobre SMOS. Las estimaciones por parte de SMOS en órbita descendente (6 p.m.) resultaron de mayor calidad (mayor correlación y menores RMSE y bias) que en órbita ascendente (6 a.m., momento de mayor humedad de suelo)., The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission was launched on 2nd November 2009 with the objective of providing global estimations of soil moisture and sea salinity. The main activity of the Valencia Anchor Station (VAS) is currently to assist in a long-term validation of SMOS land products. This study focus on a level 3 SMOS data validation with in situ measurements carried out in the period 2010-2012 over the VAS. ELBARA-II radiometer is placed in the VAS area, observing a vineyard field considered as representative of a major proportion of an area of 50×50 km, enough to cover a SMOS footprint. Brightness temperatures (TB) acquired by ELBARA-II have been compared to those observed by SMOS at the same dates and time. They were also used for the L-MEB model inversion to retrieve soil moisture (SM), which later on have been compared to those provided by SMOS as level 3 data. A good correlation between both TB datasets was found, improving year by year, mainly due to the decrease of precipitations in the analyzed period and the mitigation of radio frequency interferences at L-band. The larger homogeneity of the radiometer footprint as compared to SMOS explains the higher variability of its TB. Periods of more intense precipitation (spring and autumn) also presented higher SM, which corroborates the consistency of SM retrieved from ELBARA-II’s observations. However, the results show that SMOS level 3 data underestimate SM as compared to ELBARA-II’s, probably due to the influence of the small soil fraction which is not cultivated in vineyards. SMOS estimations in descending orbit (6 pm) had better quality (higher correlation, lower RMSE and bias) than the ones in ascending orbit (6 am, when there is a higher soil moisture).
Published: 2015

41. Analysis of the behavior of microwave L-band emissions of organic-rich soils in the northern cold climate zone in support of the SMOS mission

Author: Bircher, Simone, Demontoux, François, Jonard, François, Razafindratsima, Stephen, Richaume, P., Weihermüller, Lutz, Mialon, Arnaud, Andreasen, Mie, Rautiainen, Kimmo, Schwank, Mike, Wigneron, J.-P., Kerr, Yann, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Research Center Jülich, Germany, ∗Agrosphere (IBG-3), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Department of Computer Science [ETH Zürich] (D-INFK), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH-Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH-Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH-Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), and Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263)
Subjects: [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2014

42. SMOS mains results over land after 4 years in orbit

Author: Kerr, Yann H., Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Ferrazzoli, P., Richaume, Philippe, Waldteufel, P., Mialon, Arnaud, Ahmad, Al Bitar, Bircher, Simone, Cabot, François, Choné, Audrey, Leroux, Delphine, Molero, Beatriz, Parrens, Marie, Rodriguez‐Fernandez, Nemesio, Al Yaari, Amen, Grant, Jennifer, Delwart, Steven, Drusch, Matthias, Mecklenburg, Susanne, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Lund University [Lund], Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, and European Space Agency (ESA)
Subjects: analyse de données, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, mission SMOS, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: International audience; The SMOS mission was launched in November 2009 and allows measuring the surface soil moisture over continental land, covering the entire surface in 3 days. The multi-angular algorithm also enables to estimate the vegetation opacity which is directly related to the water content of the canopy. The algorithm also distinguishes between low vegetation where most of the signal emanates from the leaf and stems of the vegetation and the forests where the signal is mainly linked to the branch biomass at L band. ESA’s DPGS (European Space Agency’s Data Processing Ground Segment) has been delivering the so called Level 2 products, consisting in ½ orbits data for both products since launch. The CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales) has developed the CATDS (Centre Aval de Traitement des Données SMOS) ground segment that now provides spatial and temporal synthesis products (referred to as Level 3 products) enabling to better estimate the vegetation opacity ( as well as soil moisture and brightness temperature over land). After now several years of availability, the soil moisture product is rather robust but the vegetation opacity, either obtained at level 2 or 3 still suffers from several flaws, even if it looks promising. Work was also performed on the improvement of dielectric constant modelling either on modelling site or ground measurements. A particular emphasis was done or organic rich soils. A number of higher level products have been developed and tested, ranging from sea ice thickness to drought indices root zone soil moisture and freeze indices. In this presentation we will look at the products and how they are obtained and validated as well as the main results obtained over both low vegetation and forested areas.
Published: 2014

43. Roughness parameterization for soil moisture optimum retrieval over the Valencia anchor station

Author: Fernandez-Moran, Roberto, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Lopez-Baeza, Ernesto, Salgado-Hernanz, Paula Maria, Kerr, Yann H., Mialon, Arnaud, Parrens, Marie, Miernecki, Maciej, Coll Pajarón, Amparo, Al Yaari, Amen, Wang, Shu, Schwank, Mike, Department of Earth Physics and Thermodynamics [Valencia], Universitat de València (UV), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS (UCAS), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, and Universitat de València (UV). ESP.
Subjects: [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, site instrumenté, télédétection, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, radiomètre, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, SMOS
Abstract: International audience; The Valencia Anchor Station (VAS) is a validation site of SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) since 2010. For this purpose, different in situ measurements are performed there. This paper will focus on the parameterization of roughness, a key topic for the SMOS and SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive) missions. The area covered by the VAS is quite homogeneous, a surface of 50 x 50 km2 mainly composed by vineyards (65%) and other Mediterranean vegetation (30%), which is very stable along the year. The vegetative period of the vineyards lasts approximately from April to October. MELBEX-III is a station inside the area of the VAS, where among other equipments (meteorological station, thermistors, etc.), there is an ELBARA-II Lband radiometer performing multi-angular measurements over a vineyard. There are also two Delta-T ML2x soil moisture probes, one measuring between two rows of vines and the other one next to a vine stump. In the year 2013, measurements of roughness were done regularly by means of a needle board before and after all the agricultural practices, and before and after rainfall events which took place in MELBEX-III. These measurements provide the standard deviation of heights (SD) and correlation length (LC), which can be used to compute the input roughness parameters for the model L-MEB (L-band Microwave Emission of the Biosphere). L-MEB is the base of the SMOS algorithm for soil moisture (SM) retrieval. Using the ELBARA-II multi-angular brightness temperatures and testing many different parameterizations of roughness, SM has been retrieved at 6 am and 6 pm every day in 2013 and then compared to the in situ data (Theta Probe measurements). Based on this analysis, we evaluated and discussed which roughness parameterization provides the best retrieval of SM in terms of several statistical criteria: RMSE, BIAS and correlation coefficient.
Published: 2014

44. A review of the latest improvements in the L-MEB Model (SMOS mission)

Author: Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Kerr, Yann H., Schwank, Mike, Lopez-Baeza, Ernesto, Parrens, Marie, Fernández Moran, Roberto, Al Yaari, Amen, Wang, Shu, Richaume, Philippe, Bircher, Simone, Mialon, Arnaud, Ahmad, Al Bitar, Lawrence, Heather, Grant, Jennifer, Miernecki, Maciej, Mahmoodi, Ali, Delwart, Steven, Drusch, Matthias, Mecklenburg, Susanne, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Universitat de València (UV), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Lund University [Lund], University of Hamburg, Array Systems Computing, Partenaires INRAE, European Space Agency (ESA), and Universitat de València (UV). ESP.
Subjects: [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: International audience; The L-MEB (L-band Microwave Emission of the Biosphere) is the forward model used in the operational SMOS algorithm. This model is based on a well-known zero-order solution of the radiative transfer equations: the so called Ƭ-ῳ model, where the optical depth Ƭ accounts for extinction effects within the canopy and the single scattering albedo ῳ accounts for scattering effects. L-MEB includes several parameterisations which were developed specifically to account for the multiangular and bi-polarization capabilities of the SMOS TB observations in the retrieval process. A detailed description of the L-MEB model and the analysis of soil moisture retrievals over a variety of crops have been given in Wigneron et al. (2007, 2010). Since then, the model has been implemented in the SMOS algorithm which produced time series of the Level 2 (Kerr et al., 2012, delivered by ESA) and Level 3 (Kerr et al., 2013, delivered by CATDS) SM products, since the beginning of 2010. These SM products have been evaluated against numerical modelling products (ECMWF SM-DAS-2, MERRA-Land) and in situ data from large SM networks included in the SMOS cal/val initiative. Moreover, the model was evaluated in a series of experimental campaigns based on field (SMOSREX, MELBEX, Upper Danube, etc.) or airborne measurements (NAFE-06, Australia; CAROLS, France; etc.). Eventually, numerical and physical models were used to develop new parameterizations of the soil roughness (Lawrence et al., 2013), soil permittivity (Mironov et al., 2012) and vegetation effects. Based on this very dense scientific activity, some major changes have been made and some future improvements of the L-MEB model have been proposed. This communication makes a review of the most significant changes.
Published: 2014

45. Long-term ELBARA-II assistance to SMOS land product and algorithm validation at the Valencia Anchor Station (MELBEX Experiment 2010-2013)

Author: Lopez-Baeza, Ernesto, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Schwank, Mike, Miernecki, Maciej, Kerr, Yann H., Casal, Tânia, Delwart, Steven, Fernandez-Moran, Roberto, Mecklenburg, Susanne, Coll Pajarón, Amparo, Salgado Hernanz, Paula, Universitat de València (UV), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research Institute (ESRIN), and Committee on Space Research.
Subjects: [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: International audience; The main activity of the Valencia Anchor Station (VAS) is currently now to support the validation of SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) Level 2 and 3 land products (soil moisture, SM, and vegetation optical depth, TAU). With this aim, the European Space Agency (ESA) has provided the Climatology from Satellites Group of the University of Valencia with an ELBARA-II microwave radiometer under a loan agreement since September 2009. During this time, brightness temperatures (TB) have continuously been acquired, except during normal maintenance or minor repair interruptions. ELBARA-II is an L-band dual-polarization radiometer with two channels (1400-1418 MHz, 1409-1427 MHz). It is continuously measuring over a vineyard field (El Renegado, Caudete de las Fuentes, Valencia) from a 15 m platform with a constant protocol for calibration and angular scanning measurements with the aim to assisting the validation of SMOS land products and the calibration of the L-MEB (L-Band Emission of the Biosphere) -basis for the SMOS Level 2 Land Processor- over the VAS validation site. One of the advantages of using the VAS site is the possibility of studying two different environmental conditions along the year. While the vine cycle extends mainly between April and October, during the rest of the year the area remains under bare soil conditions, adequate for the calibration of the soil model. The measurement protocol currently running has shown to be robust during the whole operation time and will be extended in time as much as possible to continue providing a long-term data set of ELBARA-II TB measurements and retrieved SM and TAU. This data set is also showing to be useful in support of SMOS scientific activities: the VAS area and, specifically the ELBARA-II site, offer good conditions to control the long-term evolution of SMOS Level 2 and Level 3 land products and interpret eventual anomalies that may obscure sensor hidden biases. In addition, SM and TAU that are currently retrieved from the ELBARA-II TB data by inversion of the L-MEB model, can also be compared to the Level 2 and Level 3 SMOS products. L-band ELBARA-II measurements provide area-integrated estimations of SM and TAU that are much more representative of the soil and vegetation conditions at field scale than ground measurements (from capacitive probes for SM and destructive measurements for TAU). For instance, Miernecki et al., (2012) and Wigneron et al. (2012) showed that very good correlations could be obtained from TB data and SM retrievals obtained from both SMOS and ELBARA-II over the 2010-2011 time period. The analysis of the quality of these correlations over a long time period can be very useful to evaluate the SMOS measurements and retrieved products (Level 2 and 3). The present work that extends the analysis over almost 4 years now (2010-2013) emphasizes the need to (i) maintain the long-time record of ELBARA-II measurements (ii) enhance as much as possible the control over other parameters, especially, soil roughness (SR), vegetation water content (VWC) and surface temperature, to interpret the retrieved results obtained from both SMOS and ELBARA-II instruments.
Published: 2014

46. Soil moisture and dielectric constant measurements of organic soils in the higher northern latitudes in support of the SMOS mission

Author: Bircher, Simone, Razafindratsima, Stephen, Demontoux, François, Andreasen, Mie, Vuollet, Johanna, Rautiainen, Kimmo, Jonard, François, Weihermüller, Lutz, Richaume, Philippe, Mialon, Arnaud, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Kerr, Yann H., Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Research Center Jülich, Germany, ∗Agrosphere (IBG-3), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH-Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH-Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH-Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Université McGill [Montréal]. CAN., Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE)
Subjects: [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, Electromagnetism, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Signal and Image processing, Traitement du signal et de l'image, Electromagnétisme, Milieux et Changements globaux, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2014

47. Comparison of SMOS level 2 and level 3 soil moisture at the SMOSREX site

Author: Mialon, Arnaud, Cabot, François, Guibert, Sarah, Ahmad, Al Bitar, Richaume, Philippe, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Pellarin, Thierry, Tarot, Stéphane, Bircher, Simone, Grant, Jennifer, Rodriguez‐Fernandez, Nemesio, Kerr, Yann H., Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SISMER, Lund University [Lund], Université McGill [Montréal]. CAN., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Systèmes d'Information Scientifique pour la Mer (SISMER), Infrastructures de Recherche et Systèmes d'Information (IRSI), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: sol nu, télédétection, Signal and Image processing, Earth Sciences, prairie, Traitement du signal et de l'image, projet smos, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, donnée satellite, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Sciences de la Terre, smosrex
Abstract: International audience; The ESA (European Space Agency) satellite mission SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) was launched in November 2009 and has been providing data on ocean salinity and soil moisture over continental surfaces for the last 4 years. SMOS satellite is a passive L-band (1.4 GHz) interferometer that measures the surface soil moisture (top 5cm) with an overpass time at 6 am and 6 pm (local time) and a radiometric resolution of ~ 43 km in average. With a quasi polar orbit, it covers the entire Earth surface in 3 days. The CATDS (Centre Aval de Traitements des Données SMOS) ground segment developed by the French space agency CNES, provides so called “level 3” soil moisture products that are time aggregated products, on the EASE (Equal Area Scalable Earth) Grid with a ~25 km spatial resolution. The retrieval algorithm is based on the radiative model L-MEB (L-band Microwave Emission of the Biosphere). The aim of this paper is to present the different soil moisture products that are delivered by the CATDS such as daily products, 3-day and 10-day composites, monthly averages, discuss different features of the product contents, and also presenting the validation of the SMOS data. Several in-situ sites are equipped with various soil moisture sensors providing soil moisture measurements for different climate areas. For instance, the SMOSREX (Surface Monitoring of the Soil Reservoir Experiment) site was developed to test the SMOS soil moisture retrieval algorithm. Two fields (bare soil and grassland) were monitored with Delta-T theta probes and a cosmic ray neutrons probe that measures the soil moisture over a large area (~ 700m). This site was stopped in 2012 which provides us with more than two years of data that can be compared to SMOS derived soil moisture values.
Published: 2014

48. SMOS retrievals of vegetation optical depth over a variety of land use: trials and tribulations

Author: Kerr, Yann H., Richaume, Philippe, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Ahmad, Al Bitar, Mialon, Arnaud, Grant, Jennifer, Lawrence, Heather, Ferrazzoli, Paolo, Rahmoune, Rachid, Mahmoodi, Ali, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Lund University [Lund], European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma], Array Systems Computing, Partenaires INRAE, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: analyse de données, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Earth Sciences, Signal and Image processing, Traitement du signal et de l'image, projet smos, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Milieux et Changements globaux, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Sciences de la Terre, algorithme, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2014

49. Three years of ground-based L-band radiometry in the Alps: topography, vegetation and snow issues

Author: Pellarin, Thierry, Mialon, Arnaud, Biron, Romain, Coulaud, Catherine, Mercier, Bernard, Morin, Samuel, Picard, Ghislain, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Schwank, Mike, Kerr, Yann H., Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Etudes de la Neige (CEN), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université de Grenoble, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Gamma Remote Sensing, IEEE., Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: radiométrie microonde, paramètre topographique, télédétection, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], densité de végétation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, température de brillance, neige, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2014

50. SMOSHiLat - Microwave L-band emission from organic-rich soils in the northern cold climate zone in the framework of the SMOS mission

Author: Bircher, Simone, Demontoux, François, Jensen, Karsten Høgh, Jonard, François, Kerr, Yann, Mialon, Arnaud, Mironov, Valery, Pulliainen, J., Rautiainen, K., Razafindratsima, Stephen, Richaume, P., Schwank, M., Weihermüller, Lutz, Wigneron, Jean Pierre, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Radiophysics of remote sensing laboratory, Kirensky Institute of Physics, Allergy Unit - Department of Dermatology, University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Gamma Remote Sensing, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Laboratory of Radiophysics of the Earth Remote Sensing, Partenaires INRAE, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). USA., Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB), and University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)
Subjects: SMOSHiLat, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Signal and Image processing, dielectric constants, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, radiometer, Sciences de la Terre, [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, moisture, Earth Sciences, Traitement du signal et de l'image, L Band, Milieux et Changements globaux, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, organic soil, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: International audience; The circumpolar northern colder climate zone (boreal zone/tundra) is covered by pronounced organic soils. Due to above-average rising temperatures in the higher northern latitudes, a large amount of these important carbon sinks might be released, possibly causing a significant positive feedback on global warming. Thus, there is a strong need to monitor hydrologic processes in these regions. The ESA's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission carries the first space-borne passive L-band microwave (1.4 GHz) radiometer on board. It acquires global brightness temperatures (TB) from which surface soil moisture is retrieved, taking advantage of the very large difference between the dielectric constant of dry soil and water at this frequency. The retrieval algorithm is based on the L-band Microwave Emission of the Biosphere (L-MEB) model which uses tuning parameters derived from study sites in dry and warm temperate climate zones. In order to improve our understanding of L-band emissions of organic soil surface layers and thus, supporting the quality of SMOS data in the northern colder climate zone the SMOSHiLat project has been evoked in the framework of ESA's Changing Earth Science Network. It aims at creating a database including L-band TBs and dielectric constant values of soils, mainly from two northern study sites in Sodankylä, Finland (Finnish Meteorological Institue, FMI), and Gludsted, Denmark (Hydrologic OBsErvatory, HOBE). Based on this database the L-MEB model is adapted for organic soils encountered in Northern regions and tested in the SMOS soil moisture prototype retrieval algorithm in view of its implementation in the operational one.
Published: 2014

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Database

218 results on '"Kerr, Yann"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources