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1. Partial overlap of fungal communities associated with nettle and poplar roots when co-occurring at a trace metal contaminated site

Author

Cyril Zappelini, Coralie Bertheau, Philippe Binet, Flavien Tafforeau, Benoît Valot, Chloé Viotti, Michel Chalot, Marc-André Selosse, Geneviève Chiapusio, François Maillard, Loïc Yung, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), University of Gdańsk (UG), Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Faculté des Sciences et Technologies [Université de Lorraine] (FST ), and Université de Lorraine (UL)

Subjects
Fungal network, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Root-associated mycobiome, Pezizomycetes, 010501 environmental sciences, Plant Roots, 01 natural sciences, Agaricomycetes, Genus, Mycorrhizae, Botany, Environmental Chemistry, Trace metal, Ectomycorrhizal fungi, Urtica dioica, Metal-enriched sediments, Waste Management and Disposal, Soil Microbiology, Phytomanagement, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Inocybe, biology, 15. Life on land, Herbaceous plant, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Environmental metabarcoding, Urtica dioica L, Taxon, Mycobiome
Abstract

International audience; Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) raises growing interest in phytomanagement because it commonly grows under poplar Short Rotation Coppices (SRC) set up at trace-metal (TM) contaminated sites and provides high-quality herbaceous fibres. The mycobiome of this non-mycorhizal plant and its capacity to adapt to TM-contaminated environments remains unknown. This study aimed at characterizing the mycobiome associated with nettle and poplar roots co-occurring at a TM-contaminated site. Plant root barcoding using the fungi-specific ITS1F-ITS2 primers and Illumina MiSeq technology revealed that nettle and poplar had distinct root fungal communities. The nettle mycobiome was dominated by Pezizomycetes from known endophytic taxa and from the supposedly saprotrophic genus Kotlabaea (which was the most abundant). Several ectomycorrhizal fungi such as Inocybe (Agaricomycetes) and Tuber (Pezizomycetes) species were associated with the poplar roots. Most of the Pezizomycetes taxa were present in the highly TM-contaminated area whereas Agaricomycetes tended to be reduced. Despite being a known non-mycorrhizal plant, nettle was associated with a significant proportion of ectomycorrhizal OTU (9.7%), suggesting some connexions between the poplar and the nettle root mycobiomes. Finally, our study raised the interest in reconsidering the fungal networking beyond known mycorrhizal interactions.

Published
2021
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2. Dark septate endophytes isolated from non-hyperaccumulator plants can increase phytoextraction of Cd and Zn by the hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens

Author

Antonin Azou-Barré, Loïc Yung, Nicolas Maurice, Catherine Sirguey, Damien Blaudez, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Pôle Scientifique OTELo Université de Lorraine, Deepsurf ANR-15-IDEX-04-LUE, Endoextract project, GISFI, and ANR-15-IDEX-0004,LUE,Isite LUE(2015)

Subjects
Fungal endophytes, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Mineral nutrition, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Biomass, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, Plant Roots, Nutrient, Endophytes, Environmental Chemistry, Ecotoxicology, Soil Pollutants, Hyperaccumulator, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Plant growth, Trace elements, Inoculation, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, fungi, Phialophora, Phytoextraction, food and beverages, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, Pollution, Phytoremediation, Horticulture, Zinc, [SDV.BV.AP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding, Biodegradation, Environmental, Soil water, Shoot, Hyperaccumulation, Cadmium
Abstract

International audience; Dark septate endophytes (DSEs) can improve plant stress tolerance by promoting growth and affecting element accumulation. Due to its ability to accumulate high Cd, Zn, and Ni concentrations in its shoots, Noccaea caerulescens is considered a promising candidate for phytoextraction in the field. However, the ability of DSEs to improve trace element (TE) phytoextraction with N. caerulescens has not yet been studied. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the ability of five DSE strains, previously isolated from poplar roots collected at different TE-contaminated sites, to improve plant development, mineral nutrient status, and metal accumulation by N. caerulescens during a pot experiment using two soils differing in their level of TE contamination. Microscopic observations revealed that the tested DSE strains effectively colonised the roots of N. caerulescens. In the highly contaminated (HC) soil, a threefold increase in root biomass was found in plants inoculated with the Leptodontidium sp. Pr30 strain compared to that in the non-inoculated condition; however, the plant nutrient status was not affected. In contrast, the two strains Phialophora mustea Pr27 and Leptodontidium sp. Me07 had positive effects on the mineral nutrient status of plants without significantly modifying their biomass. Compared to non-inoculated plants cultivated on HC soil, Pr27- and Pr30-inoculated plants extracted more Zn (+ 30%) and Cd (+ 90%), respectively. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the responses of N. caerulescens to DSE inoculation ranged from neutral to beneficial and we identified two strains (i.e. Leptodontidium sp. (Pr30) and Phialophora mustea (Pr27)) isolated from poplar that appeared promising as they increased the amounts of Zn and Cd extracted by improving plant growth and/or TE accumulation by N. caerulescens. These results generate interest in further characterising the DSEs that naturally colonise N. caerulescens and testing their ability to improve phytoextraction.

Published
2021
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3. Poplar rotation coppice at a trace element-contaminated phytomanagement site: A 10-year study revealing biomass production, element export and impact on extractable elements

Author

Olivier Girardclos, Vincent Driget, Stéphane Pfendler, Lisa Ciadamidaro, Cyril Zappelini, Alexis Durand, Isabelle Lamy, Loïc Yung, Michel Chalot, Damien Blaudez, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Unité de Science du Sol, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)

Subjects
Crops, Agricultural, Environmental Engineering, Rotation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Range (biology), Biomass, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Soil, Coppicing, Nutrient, Soil Pollutants, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, Hectare, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Trace element, Salix, 15. Life on land, Wood, Pollution, Trace Elements, Plant Leaves, Biodegradation, Environmental, Populus, Agronomy, Metals, visual_art, Field trial, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Bark
Abstract

Growing lignocellulosic crops on marginal lands could compose a substantial proportion of future energy resources. The potential of poplar was explored, by devising a field trial of two hectares in 2007 in a metal-contaminated site to quantify the genotypic variation in the growth traits of 14 poplar genotypes grown in short-rotation coppice and to assess element transfer and export by individual genotypes. Our data led us to conclusions about the genotypic variations in poplar growth on a moderately contaminated site, with the Vesten genotype being the most productive. This genotype also accumulated the least amounts of trace elements, whereas the Trichobel genotype accumulated up to 170 mg Zn kg−1 DW in the branches, with large variation being exhibited among the genotypes for trace element (TE) accumulation. Soil element depletion occurred for a range of TEs, whereas the soil content of major nutrients and the pH remained unchanged or slightly increased after 10 years of poplar growth. The higher TE content of bark tissues compared with the wood and the higher proportion of bark in branches compared with the wood led us to recommend that only stem wood be harvested, instead of the whole tree, which will enable a reduction in the risks encountered with TE-enriched biomass in the valorization process.

Published
2020
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4. Evaluation of historical atmospheric pollution in an industrial area by dendrochemical approaches

Author

Philippe Chamaret, Annabelle Austruy, Bernard Angeletti, Loïc Yung, Olivier Girardclos, Julien Dron, Jean-Paul Ambrosi, Michel Chalot, Catherine Keller, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Lorraine (UL), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Pollution, Environmental Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Industrial Waste, Atmospheric pollution, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, History, 21st Century, Metals, Heavy, Environmental Chemistry, Cities, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, computer.programming_language, Pollutant, Industrial area, Urbanization, trace metal pollution, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Medicine, General Chemistry, 15. Life on land, History, 20th Century, Pinus, 020801 environmental engineering, Europe, tree rings, Industrialisation, Populus, 13. Climate action, Bioaccumulation, Harbour, Environmental science, Dendrochemistry, Physical geography, France, Environmental Pollution, Tree species, computer, Environmental Monitoring, historical atmospheric exposure
Abstract

International audience; We conducted a dendrochemical study in order to evaluate the exposure of territories and 19 populations to different types of pollutants and to characterise the history of pollution in one of the 20 most intensely industrialised areas of Europe: the industrial port zone of Fos, also heavily 21 urbanised. 22 To perform the study, two tree species have been selected, Pinus halepensis and Populus nigra, on arural plot located roughly 20 km away from the industrial harbor, an urban plot located in the city of Fos-sur-Mer and an industrial plot. Our study indicated that poplar was a more relevant model forthe dendrochemical studies exhibiting a higher bioaccumulation capacity than pine except for Hg, Sb and Mn. Moreover, thanks to this work we observed significant exposure of the trees in the urban and industrial areas to As, Cd, Co, Cu, Mo, Sb, Zn, Al, Ca, and Mg, highlighting the exposure of the territory and populations living in the vicinity of the industrial harbor. The temporal 29 variability of the concentrations measured in the tree rings corresponds to the increasing industrialisation of the territory as well as to the evolution of the industrial processes. Thus, this project highlighted the exposure of Gulf of Fos to atmospheric emissions (industrial, road and urban) of the industrial harbor as well as the changes over time. It also point out the relevance of using dendrochemistry to measure atmospheric exposure of metals and metalloids and its temporal variability.

Published
2019
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5. Poplar biomass production at phytomanagement sites is significantly enhanced by mycorrhizal inoculation

Author

Arnaud Papin, Julie Foulon, Loïc Yung, Olivier Girardclos, Cyril Zappelini, Michel Chalot, Valérie Bert, Damien Blaudez, Lisa Ciadamidaro, Sébastien Roy, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Agronutrition, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques ( INERIS ), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux ( LIEC ), and Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Bioaugmentation, Inoculation, food and beverages, Biomass, Plant Science, 15. Life on land, 010501 environmental sciences, Contamination, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Soil contamination, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Bioremediation, Soil structure, Agronomy, Afforestation, Agronomy and Crop Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010606 plant biology & botany, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Afforestation of trace element (TE)-contaminated soil, notably with fast growing trees producing large biomass has been demonstrated to be an attractive option for their bioremediation. Mycorrhizal fungi can form symbiotic associations with plants, contributing to TE tolerance and participating actively in bioremediation processes. We studied the effects of mycorrhizal inoculation on the growth of two poplar clones (Skado and I214), to large-scale. Two TE-contaminated sites of ca . 1 ha (Pierrelaye and Fresnes-sur-Escaut, France) were planted with 2200 trees, and were either inoculated with a mixed commercial inoculum or not-inoculated and allometric parameters were determined after 2 and 4 years of growth. The height diameter relationships remained linear overtime, although the second period of the experiment has been more favorable to growth of the Skado clone and its survival rates were higher compared than those of the I214 clone, at both sites. The inoculation with mycorrhizal significantly impacted the biomass production of the Skado clone at both sites, despite striking differences in soil structure and contamination. In overall, this bioaugmentation option with mycorrhizal fungi influenced more poplar growth than soil contamination and highly improved its biomass production.

Published
2017
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6. Phytoscreening as an efficient tool to delineate chlorinated solvent sources at a chlor-alkali facility

Author

Loïc Yung, Matt A. Limmer, Michel Chalot, Jérôme Lagron, David Cazaux, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), INOVYN, INOVYN France, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware [Newark], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
Pollution, Environmental Engineering, Halogenation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Trichloroethylene, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, media_common.quotation_subject, Alkalies, 010501 environmental sciences, Solid-phase microextraction, 01 natural sciences, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Trees, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, chemistry.chemical_compound, Environmental Chemistry, Groundwater, Solid Phase Microextraction, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Volatile Organic Compounds, Soil gas, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Sampling (statistics), General Medicine, General Chemistry, 15. Life on land, Contamination, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Solvents, Gas chromatography, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract

Chlorinated ethenes (CE) are among the most common volatile organic compounds (VOC) that contaminate groundwater, currently representing a major source of pollution worldwide. Phytoscreening has been developed and employed through different applications at numerous sites, where it was generally useful for detection of subsurface chlorinated solvents. We aimed at delineating subsurface CE contamination at a chlor-alkali facility using tree core data that we compared with soil data. For this investigation a total of 170 trees from experimental zones was sampled and analyzed for perchloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) concentrations, measured by solid phase microextraction gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Within the panel of tree genera sampled, Quercus and Ulmus appeared to be efficient biomonitors of subjacent TCE and PCE contamination, in addition to the well known and widely used Populus and Salix genera. Among the 28 trees located above the dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) phase zone, 19 tree cores contained detectable amounts of CE, with concentrations ranging from 3 to 3000 μg L-1. Our tree core dataset was found to be well related to soil gas sampling results, although the tree coring data were more informative. Our data further emphasized the need for choosing the relevant tree species and sampling periods, as well as taking into consideration the nature of the soil and its heterogeneity. Overall, this low-invasive screening method appeared useful to delineate contaminants at a small-scale site impacted by multiple sources of chlorinated solvents.

Published
2017
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