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1. Influence of commercial detergents on UF membrane ageing: case of drinking water

Author

D. Boudot, A. Vincent, Yvan Wyart, Daniel Ferry, C. Regula, Emilie Carretier, M. Sergent, Geneviève Gésan-Guiziou, Philippe Moulin, Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation et Procédés Propres (M2P2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, UMR 6263, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf (STLO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille (ISM2-AD2M - CNRS UMR 6263), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille (ISM2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
Materials science, General Chemical Engineering, Ultrafiltration, Hypochlorite, 02 engineering and technology, chemistry.chemical_compound, 020401 chemical engineering, eau, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Permeability measurements, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, membrane détergent eau ultrafiltration polysulfone hypochlorite, Polysulfone, 0204 chemical engineering, membrane, Water Science and Technology, Chromatography, polysulfone hypochlorite, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Produced water, 6. Clean water, Membrane, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Ageing, Permeability (electromagnetism), détergent, ultrafiltration, 0210 nano-technology, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract

International audience; During cleaning steps, ultrafiltration membranes are mechanically and chemically stressed. This may result in membrane degradations and failures. In this paper, polysulfone membranes were used to evaluate membrane deteriorations by commercial detergents in static conditions. Ageing of the membrane was simulated by immersing samples in solutions containing commercial detergents with various concentrations, temperatures and times defined by experimental designs. Indeed, an innovative approach in the chemical membranes ageing researches, based on methodological tools, was used in order to achieve significant ageing experiments without using an accelerated ageing protocol. The macroscopic changes were monitored by permeability measurements and mechanical strength tests coupled with a microscopic characterization by ATR-FTIR and HRSEM. The present work details results obtained for three commercial detergents: an alkaline, an acidic and an enzymatic detergent. It was found that the detergents used in the industrial advised conditions (concentration, temperature and time of contact) were not detrimental for membrane properties (permeability and elongation at break) and so for the quality of the produced water. Over the industrial cumulated time of contact, different ageing effects can be observed and compared with the ones induced by NaOCl.

Published
2013
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2. Drinking water ultrafiltration: state of the art and experimental designs approach

Author

A. Vincent, M. Sergent, D. Boudot, Daniel Ferry, C. Regula, Geneviève Gésan-Guiziou, Philippe Moulin, Yvan Wyart, Emilie Carretier, Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation et Procédés Propres (M2P2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille (ISM2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf (STLO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
Aging, Process (engineering), Computer science, Experimental designs, Ultrafiltration, Ocean Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 020401 chemical engineering, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, 0204 chemical engineering, Process engineering, Water Science and Technology, Hypochlorite, business.industry, Design of experiments, Environmental engineering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Commercial detergents, Membrane, 0210 nano-technology, business, Shut down, Polysulfone, Production rate
Abstract

International audience; During cleaning steps, ultrafiltration membranes are mechanically and chemically stressed. This can result in membrane degradations, failures, and be shut down for membrane replacement and therefore affect the production rate of the process and its sustainability. These phenomena raise the problem of necessary optimization of the cleaning procedures that have to tackle simultaneously, the best cleaning efficiency and the less detrimental procedures for the membranes. Despite the fact that aging is becoming a major issue between end-users, membrane manufacturers, and chemical product suppliers, there is considerably less literature dedicated to membrane aging than to cleaning. First, this study briefly reviews articles dedicated to aging damages involved by NaOCl and commercial detergents (especially on polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane). Then, the present study details the innovative way setup: "Designs of experiments" is used to provide additional data that help with a thorough understanding of membrane aging. Thus, contrary to the accelerated aging approach that is commonly used in membrane-aging researches (concentration per time of contact: "c × t parameter"), designs of experiments were used to organize at best the aging experiments in order to achieve a relevant establishment of an aging pattern. Results show that this scientific approach provides a satisfying and reliable pattern to simulate membrane aging in function of the chosen chemical parameters.

Published
2013
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3. Multivariate optimization of fecal bioindicator inactivation by coupling UV-A and UV-C LEDs

Author

A.-C. Chevremont, M. Sergent, Anne-Marie Farnet, Jean-Luc Boudenne, Bruno Coulomb, Laboratoire Chimie Provence (LCP), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille (ISM2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)

Subjects
Pollution, Water recycling, General Chemical Engineering, media_common.quotation_subject, 0207 environmental engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Enterococcus faecalis, law.invention, law, 11. Sustainability, medicine, General Materials Science, 020701 environmental engineering, Escherichia coli, Feces, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, media_common, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, General Chemistry, Multivariate optimization, biology.organism_classification, 6. Clean water, Bacteria inactivation, Coupled wavelength, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LED), Bioindicator, Bacteria, Light-emitting diode
Abstract

International audience; The development of new technologies for water recycling is a priority for arid and semi-arid countries such as those of the Mediterranean basin. The aim of this study was to test the efficiency of UV-A and UV-C light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) on bacteria inactivation. We used Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis, bioin-dicators of fecal pollution typically found in urban wastewaters. An experimental design was performed to discriminate weight of factors influencing bacteria inactivation yields and reactivation phenomena. Four parameters were tested on simple bacterial cultures: pH, bacterial density, exposure time and wavelength. It appears that the exposure time and wavelength used have a significant effect on the response. The 280/ 365 nm or 280/405 nm coupled wavelengths, have the most important bactericidal effect, and we also note the absence of bacterial reactivation after 60 s of exposure to UV.

Published
2012
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4. Experimental design approach for the solid-phase extraction of residual aluminium coagulants in treated waters

Author

Jean-Luc Boudenne, M. Sergent, Pierre Vanloot, Laurent Vassalo, Bruno Coulomb, Laboratoire d'Instrumentation et Sciences Analytiques (LISA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chimie de l'environnement (LCE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille (ISM2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)

Subjects
Chromatography, Elution, Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Extraction (chemistry), 02 engineering and technology, Factorial experiment, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Matrix (chemical analysis), Chemometrics, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Sample preparation, Response surface methodology, Solid phase extraction, 0210 nano-technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Solid-phase extraction (SPE) of trace elements before their analysis has become a conventional pretreatment step of analytes because of their frequent low concentrations in numerous samples. Additionally, interfering compounds often accompagny analytes of interest, thus requiring a clean-up step. The preconcentration step and/or matrix removal can be efficiently improved by chemometric approaches allowing obtention of reliable results. Single variable approach is often used but is time and cost consuming, and may be the source of mistakes; multivariable approach allows to overcome these problems and increases the probability of global optimum finding. In order to obtain a set of experimental conditions for the selective extraction of Al(III) in water samples, onto a modified organic support (salicylic acid grafted on XAD-4), a multicriteria approach (response surface methodology) has been applied. The extraction method was optimized by the aid of a factorial design and a uniform shell Doehlert design for six variables: sample percolation flow rate, trace metal amount, sample volume, concentration and volume of HCl used for elution of aluminium. Results demonstrate the synergic effects of four factors and allow us to define working ranges for each parameter tested. The designed SPE procedure was then sucessfully applied to synthetic and real samples, issued from a potable water treatment unit.

Published
2007
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5. Low temperature Mössbauer study and magnetic susceptibility measurements on YbMo6S8 and TmMo6S8

Author

G. Jéhanno, M. Sergent, P. Imbert, R. Chevrel, J.A. Hodges, and Pierre Bonville

Subjects
Physics::Optics, YbMo sub 6 S sub 8, type II superconductors, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, magnetic moments, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Molybdenum compounds, TmMo sub 6 S sub 8, 0103 physical sciences, Mössbauer spectroscopy, ytterbium compounds, 010306 general physics, Magnetic moment, Condensed matter physics, Mössbauer effect, Chemistry, thulium compounds, molybdenum compounds, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Magnetic susceptibility, [PHYS.HIST]Physics [physics]/Physics archives, 0210 nano-technology, Type-II superconductor, Mossbauer effect, magnetic susceptibility
Abstract

Mössbauer study on Yb170 and magnetic susceptibility measurements show that YbMo6S8 contains both Yb2+ and Yb3+ ions with nearly equal proportions. The Yb2+ ions are submitted to a very strong electric field gradient with axial symmetry and move preferentially in the plane perpendicular to the gradient axis (which is probably the hexagonal axis c). The Yb3+ magnetic moments order perpendicularly to the c axis below TN=2.75 K and their magnitude is 1.7 μB near zero Kelvin. Ytterbium impurities also appear as Yb2+ and Yb3+ ions in TmMo6S 8, where the Yb3+ g-tensor is slightly anisotropic (g ∥ = 2.32, g〉 = 3.64). Tm 169 Mössbauer measurements on TmMo6S8 show that only one Tm site is present.

Published
1980
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