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1. Insights into the spatio‐temporal variability of spawning in a territorial coastal fish by combining observations, modelling and literature review

Author

Marine Di Stefano, Térence Legrand, Antonio Di Franco, David Nerini, Vincent Rossi, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
ecosystem management, spawning event, lagrangian backtracking model, Lagrangian flow network, Diplodus sargus, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, oceanic variability, larval dispersal, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Mediterranean Sea, marine connectivity, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract

International audience; In bipartite life cycle fishes, spawning represents the onset of propagules dispersal, with eggs and larvae experiencing anisotropic transport and high mortality rates, before eventually metamorphosing and settling. Hence, early-life stages operate as bottlenecks for population demography by strongly constraining recruitment. Despite its significance, spawning is rarely explicitly considered in ecosystem management due to a lack of knowledge, for many species, about where and when spawning occurs. Previous evidences suggest that temperature is among the main drivers of spawning in Teleosts. Using the ecologically and economically relevant white seabream Diplodus sargus in the central Mediterranean Sea as a case study, we assess the abiotic factors that regulate the onset and duration of spawning and subsequent dispersal. Lagrangian backtracking simulations fed with early-life observations allow locating 11 spawning events, which are then associated to simulated temperatures ranging from 14.8 C to 20.6 C, in close agreement with previous estimates. Based on this range of suitable temperatures, we model the spatio-temporal variability of spawning success at broad-scale over 10 years (2005-2014) following the backtracking approach with hypothetical constant settlement areas. It highlights a prominent inter-annual variability in the Adriatic and Siculo-Tunisian strait driven by oceanographic processes. Moreover, a powerful clustering method uncovers relatively stable spawning areas in the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian seas with both early (January to Mid-February) and late (April to June) spawning peaks. Our methodology can be applied to other species and oceanic systems to investigate how oceanic processes impact spawning success, enabling the design of sound management strategies.

Published
2022

2. Survive or swim : different relationships between migration potential and larval size and in three sympatric Mediterranean octocorals

Author

Guizien, Katell, Viladrich, N, Martínez-Quintana, Á, Bramanti, L, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), and Guizien, Katell

Subjects
[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Pelagic larval duration, Larval dispersal traits, Gorgonians, larval motility behavior, 16 Gorgonians, Marine connectivity, Larval size, Larval traits, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Migration potential, Larval dispersal, Migration potential 17
Published
2020

3. Sink or swim ? Larval size and migration potential in three sympatric Mediterranean octocorals

Author

Guizien, Katell, Viladrich-Canudas, N, Martínez-Quintana, Á, Bramanti, L, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), and Institut de Ciències del Mar, ICM-CSIC

Subjects
larval motility behavior, Gorgonians, Marine connectivity, Larval size, Pelagic Larval Duration, Larval traits, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Larval dispersal, Migration potential
Published
2020

4. A multidisciplinary analytical framework to delineate spawning areas and quantify larval dispersal in coastal fish

Author

A. Di Franco, Enrico Ser-Giacomi, Antonio Calò, Térence Legrand, Vincent Rossi, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), School of Culture, History & Language, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Legrand T., Di Franco A., Ser-Giacomi E., Calo A., Rossi V., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Ecology and Conservation Science for Sustainable Seas (ECOSEAS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare [Palermo] (DiSTeM), and Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Conservation of Natural Resources, Oceans and Seas, Population Dynamics, Coastal fish, Ecosystem Management, Conservation, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Fish natal origins, medicine, Mediterranean Sea, Animals, Diplodus vulgaris, Marine ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Ecosystem, Otolith, Marine Protected Area, Lagrangian Flow Network, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Fish natal origin, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Fishes, Marine connectivity, Pelagic zone, General Medicine, Diplodus, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Coastal fishes, Coastal fishe, medicine.anatomical_structure, Larva, Biological dispersal, Marine protected area, Models-hydrodynamics, Models-hydrodynamic
Abstract

International audience; Assessing larval dispersal is essential to understand the structure and dynamics of marine populations. However, knowledge about early-life dispersal is sparse, and so is our understanding of the spawning process, perhaps the most obscure component of biphasic life cycles. Indeed, the poorly known species-specific spawning modality and early-life traits, along with the high spatio-temporal variability of the oceanic circulation experienced during larval drift, hamper our ability to properly appraise the realized connectivity of coastal fishes. Here, we propose an analytical framework which combines Lagrangian modeling, network theory, otolith analyses and biogeographical information to pinpoint and characterize larval sources which are then grouped into discrete spawning areas. Such well-delineated sources and their predetermined settlement sites allow improving the quantitative evaluations of both dispersal scales and connectivity patterns. To illustrate its added value, our approach is applied to two case-studies focusing on D. sargus and D. vulgaris in the Adriatic sea. We evidence robust correlations between otolith geochemistry and modelled spawning areas to assess their relative importance for the larval replenishment of the Apulian coast. Our results show that, contrary to D. sargus, D. vulgaris larvae originate from both eastern and western Adriatic shorelines. Our findings also suggest that dispersal distances and dispersal surfaces scale differently with the pelagic larval duration. Furthermore, almost 30 % of D. sargus larvae and 10 % of D. vulgaris larvae of the Apulian populations come from Tremiti marine protected area (MPA), exemplifying larval spill-over from MPAs to surrounding unprotected areas. This flexible multidisciplinary framework, which can be adjusted to other coastal fish and oceanic system, exploits the explanatory power of a model tuned and backed-up by observations to provide more reliable scientific basis for the management and conservation of marine ecosystems.

Published
2019

5. Larval supply of Peruvian scallop to the marine reserve of Lobos de Tierra Island: A modeling approach

Author

Jaime Mendo, Jorge Tam, Arturo Aguirre-Velarde, Laure Pecquerie, François Colas, Christophe Lett, Jorge Flores-Valiente, Timothée Brochier, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Instituto del Mar del Peru (IMARPE), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM), Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Argopecten purpuratus, marine environment, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Lobos de Tierra Island, Population, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#4.01.08 [https], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Aquatic Science, Biology, Humboldt Current, Peruvian scallop, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, hydrological modeling, Piura [Peru], mollusc, Peru, 14. Life underwater, education, Mollusca, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Invertebrata, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Invertebrate, Biophysical model, education.field_of_study, Larva, Pacific Ocean, marine park, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, Marine reserve, fungi, Marine connectivity, biology.organism_classification, Fishery, Sechura Bay, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.11 [https], connectivity, Humboldt Current System, Scallop, Larval transport, Dosidicus gigas, Bay, Lambayeque
Abstract

The Peruvian scallop (Argopecten purpuratus) is the second main contributor to the total catch of mollusks in Peru, after jumbo squid. There are two main scallop banks populations in northern Peru: Lobos de Tierra Island (LTI) and Sechura Bay (SB). Despite a continuous, intense relocation of seeds from LTI, the natural bank population still persists there. To understand this, we studied larval connectivity between LTI and SB using the first invertebrate larval transport biophysical model developed in the region. Larval local retention were 2.4% and 1.57% on average at LTI and SB respectively, while larval transport from SB to LTI was 0.02% on average and 0.07% in the opposite direction. Both larval retention and larval transport increased with spawning depth and were highest in austral summer. Two main larval transport paths from SB to LTI were identified, resulting from a combination of horizontal mesoscale circulation patterns and vertical flows. Potential management implications for these natural banks are discussed.

Published
2019

6. Environmental and demographic factors influence the spatial genetic structure of an intertidal barnacle in central-northern Chile

Author

Mario Barahona, Andrés Ospina-Álvarez, Sylvain Faugeron, Sergio A. Navarrete, Bernardo R. Broitman, David Véliz, Lucie Jaugeon, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Universidad Católica del Norte [Coquimbo], Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae (EBEA), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Universidad Austral de Chile-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), and Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Coastal oceanography, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Ecology, Notochthamalus scabrosus, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Marine connectivity, Intertidal zone, Aquatic Science, Larval dispersal, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Geography, Barnacle (slang), Genetic structure, Seascape genetics, 14. Life underwater, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

International audience; Understanding the multiplicity of processes producing genetic patterns in natural populations can shed light on the ecology and evolution of species, and help guide effective management and conservation strategies. Here we investigated the role of environmental, demographic, and geographic factors in shaping the spatial patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation of the intertidal barnacle Notochthamalus scabrosus along the central-northern coast of Chile (28-34°S). We analyzed genetic data from 7 microsatellite loci genotyped for 300 individuals sampled from 10 sites and combined this information with 8 site-specific environmental (4), demographic (2), and geographic (2) variables using least squares linear regressions, generalized linear models, and matrix regression analyses. We found a strong association between the spatially structured genetic diversity of N. scabrosus and patterns of temporal variability in chlorophyll a, and among-site differences in seawater temperature and adult abundance. Our results illustrate that population size, partly driven by recruitment success, can leave a signal on genetic structure of this highly dispersive marine species. The significant effect of temperature and chlorophyll a stresses that local adaptation may be key to understanding the spatial genetic structure of our model species. Hence, the results of this work represent an advance towards understanding the usually complex causal relationships between environmental variables, gene flow, and genetic diversity patterns of coastal populations.

Published
2019

7. Passive larval transport explains recent gene flow in a Mediterranean gorgonian

Author

Katell Guizien, Sandra Baksay, Federica Costantini, Mariana Padrón, Lorenzo Bramanti, Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali and Dipartimento di Biologia (CIRSA), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Laboratoire d'excellence 'CORAIL', Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Padrón, Mariana, Costantini, Federica, Baksay, Sandra, Bramanti, Lorenzo, and Guizien, Katell

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Range (biology), ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Population, Biology, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Coalescent theory, Mediterranean sea, Eunicella singularis, 14. Life underwater, education, Gulf of Lion, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Marine Protected Area, Seascape, education.field_of_study, Pelagic larval duration, Ecology, ved/biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, Marine connectivity, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biological dispersal, Marine protected area, Hydrodynamic model, Genetic structure, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

Understanding the patterns of connectivity is required by the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 and will be used to guide the extension of marine protection measures. Despite the increasing accuracy of ocean circulation modelling, the capacity to model the population connectivity of sessile benthic species with dispersal larval stages can be limited due to the potential effect of filters acting before or after dispersal, which modulates offspring release or settlement, respectively. We applied an interdisciplinary approach that combined demographic surveys, genetic methods (assignment tests and coalescent-based analyses) and larval transport simulations to test the relative importance of demographics and ocean currents in shaping the recent patterns of gene flow among populations of a Mediterranean gorgonian (Eunicella singularis) in a fragmented rocky habitat (Gulf of Lion, NW Mediterranean Sea). We show that larval transport is a dominant driver of recent gene flow among the populations, and significant correlations were found between recent gene flow and larval transport during an average single dispersal event when the pelagic larval durations (PLDs) ranged from 7 to 14 d. Our results suggest that PLDs that efficiently connect populations distributed over a fragmented habitat are filtered by the habitat layout within the species competency period. Moreover, a PLD ranging from 7 to 14 d is sufficient to connect the fragmented rocky substrate of the Gulf of Lion. The rocky areas located in the centre of the Gulf of Lion, which are currently not protected, were identified as essential hubs for the distribution of migrants in the region. We encourage the use of a range of PLDs instead of a single value when estimating larval transport with biophysical models to identify potential connectivity patterns among a network of Marine Protected Areas or even solely a seascape.

Published
2018

8. Linking basin-scale connectivity, oceanography and population dynamics for the conservation and management of marine ecosystems

Author

Dubois, Mélodie, Rossi, Vincent, Ser-Giacomi, Enrico, Arnaud-Haond, Sophie, López, Cristóbal, Hernández-García, Emilio, Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Cross-Disciplinary Physics and Complex Systems [Mallorca] (IFISC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Laboratoire d'Aquaculture tropicale, and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)

Subjects
[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, source/sink dynamics, source, population genetics, Larval dispersal, local retention, self-recruitment, Mediterranean Sea, population dynamics, sink dynamics, marine ecosystems, marine connectivity, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, marine protected areas
Abstract

[Aim] Assessing the spatial structure and dynamics of marine populations is still a major challenge in ecology. The need to manage marine resources from ecosystem and large-scale perspectives is recognized, but our partial understanding of oceanic connectivity limits the implementation of globally pertinent conservation planning. Based on a biophysical model for the entire Mediterranean Sea, this study takes an ecosystem approach to connectivity and provides a systematic characterization of broad-scale larval dispersal patterns. It builds on our knowledge of population dynamics and discusses the ecological and management implications., [Location] The semi-enclosed Mediterranean Sea and its marine ecosystems are used as a case study to investigate broad-scale connectivity patterns and to relate them to oceanography and population dynamics., [Methods] A flow network is constructed by evenly subdividing the basin into sub-regions which are interconnected through the transport of larvae by ocean currents. It allows for the computation of various connectivity metrics required to evaluate larval retention and exchange., [Results] Our basin-scale model predicts that retention processes are weak in the open ocean while they are significant in the coastal ocean and are favoured along certain coastlines due to specific oceanographic features. Moreover, we show that wind-driven divergent (convergent, respectively) oceanic regions are systematically characterized by larval sources (sinks, respectively). Finally, although these connectivity metrics have often been studied separately in the literature, we demonstrate they are interrelated under particular conditions. Their integrated analysis facilitates the appraisal of population dynamics, informing both genetic and demographic connectivities., [Main conclusions] This modelling framework helps ecologists and geneticists to formulate improved hypotheses of population structures and gene flow patterns and to design their sampling strategy accordingly. It is also useful in the implementation and assessment of future protection strategies, such as coastal and offshore marine reserves, by accounting for large-scale dispersal patterns, a missing component of current ecosystem management., The authors acknowledge support from MINECO/FEDER through the ESCOLA project (CTM2012-39025-C02-01), from ECs Marie-Curie ITN programme (FP7-PEOPLE-2011-ITN) through the LINC project (289447) and from MISTRALS ENVI-Med through the HYDROGENCONNECT project.

Published
2016

9. Genetic structure of the reef grouper Epinephelus merra in the West Indian Ocean appears congruent with biogeographic and oceanographic boundaries

Author

Emmanuel Tessier, Jerome Bourjea, Delphine Muths, Délégation de La Réunion, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Agence des Aires Marines Protégées, Réserve Naturelle Marine de la Réunion (GIP-RNMR), Réserves Naturelles de France, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, microsatellite, Coral reef fish, West Indian Ocean, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Cytochrome b, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Monophyly, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, 14. Life underwater, marine connectivity, Reef, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, geography, reef fish, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, biology, Epinephelus, biology.organism_classification, Phylogeography, Oceanography, Genetic distance, Genetic structure, Biological dispersal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; The reef fauna connectivity of the West Indian Ocean (WIO) is one of the least studied globally. Here we use genetic analyses of the grouper Epinephelus merra (Bloch 1793) to determine patterns of connectivity and to identify barriers to dispersal in this WIO marine area. Phylogeographic and population-level analyses were conducted on cytochrome b sequences and microsatellites (13 loci) from 557 individuals sampled in 15 localities distributed across the West Indian Ocean. Additional samples from the Pacific Ocean were used to benchmark the WIO population structure. The high level of divergence revealed between Indian and Pacific localities (of about 4.5% in sequences) might be the signature of the major tectonic and climatic changes operating at the Plio-Pleistocene transition, congruently with numerous examples of Indo-Pacific speciation. In comparison, the E. merra sequences from the Indian Ocean constitute a monophyletic clade with a low average genetic distance (d < 0.5%). However both genetic markers indicated some structure within this ocean. The main structure revealed was the isolation of the Maldives from the WIO localities (a different group signature identified by clustering analysis, great values of differentiation). Both marker types reveal further significant structure within the WIO, mainly the isolation of the Mascarene Islands (significant AMOVA and isolation-by-distance patterns) and some patchy structure between the northernmost localities and within the Mozambique Channel. The WIO genetic structure of E. merra appeared congruent with main biogeographic boundaries and oceanographic currents.

Published
2015

10. An inter-ocean comparison of coral endemism on seamounts: the case of Chrysogorgia

Author

Eric Pante, Sarah Samadi, Delphine Gey, Corinne Cruaud, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Louisiana at Lafayett, Department of Biology, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Génomique d'Evry (IG), Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, ANR-07-BDIV-0006,BIONEOCAL,L'endémisme en Nouvelle-Calédonie : étude phylogénétique et populationnelle des son émergence.(2007), ANR-12-ISV7-0005,TFDeepEvo,Taiwan France : Exploration de la biodiversité et évolution de la faune marine profonde(2012), ANR: G20061021830514629,GIAR,Sigma Xi Grant in Aid of Research, ANR: Lerner Gray Fund,Lerner Gray Fund, ANR: SFE,Société Française d'Ecologie, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)

Subjects
Octocorallia, Biogeography, Fauna, Seamount, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Biology, marine biogeography, MESH: Atlantic Ocean, marine connectivity, Pacific Ocean, parsimony analysis of endemicity, seamount, species delimitation, 14. Life underwater, Endemism, Atlantic Ocean, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, biology.organism_classification, Ridge, Rarefaction (ecology), Species richness
Abstract

International audience; Aim: The biogeography of seamount fauna remains poorly known, with less than 1% of the world's seamounts having been investigated. Here, we report data on the geographical isolation of species in the octocoral genus Chrysogorgia from south-west Pacific seamounts and slopes, and contrast the results with patterns observed in the north-western Atlantic.Location: Seamounts of the Norfolk Ridge (NR) and Loyalty Ridge (LR), the slope of New Caledonia, and the Matthew and Hunter Islands, south-west Pacific Ocean, with comparative material from the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.Methods: The mitochondrial gene mtMutS was used to measure diversity within Chrysogorgia. Community structure was analysed using rarefaction, multivariate analyses, parsimony analysis of endemicity and analysis of molecular variance. The impact of underestimating species richness when using mitochondrial haplotypes was tested using simulations.Results: Six hundred and thirty-four colonies and 31 haplotypes were sampled from New Caledonia. Contrary to what was observed in the north-western Atlantic, seamount-scale endemism of south-west Pacific Chrysogorgia was substantial (23% and 39% for haplotypes with n ≥ 20 and n ≥ 2, respectively). LR sheltered 64% of the New Caledonian haplotype diversity. Assemblages were structured less by habitat type (slope versus seamounts) than by depth. Rarefaction analyses suggested that LR and NR seamounts hold more species than the New Caledonian slope, but additional sampling in the south-western Pacific (133 colonies) revealed that some seemingly geographically restricted haplotypes from New Caledonia have wide geographical distributions, reaching as far as Taiwan.Main conclusions: The distribution of Pacific Chrysogorgia is characterized by high levels of rarity, patchiness and diversity, with the levels of seamount-scale and seamount-chain-scale endemism higher than in the Atlantic. We hypothesize that the contrast between the wide geographical distribution of Atlantic Chrysogorgia haplotypes and the higher proportion of endemics in the Pacific is largely explained by differences in depth between the seamounts of these two regions.

Published
2015

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