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5 results on '"Megaviridae"'

1. Taxon Richness of 'Megaviridae' Exceeds those of Bacteria and Archaea in the Ocean

Author

Pascal Hingamp, Nigel Grimsley, Hiroyuki Ogata, Hitoshi Koyano, Susumu Goto, Tomoko Mihara, Kyoto University, Tokyo Institute of Technology [Tokyo] (TITECH), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie intégrative des organismes marins (BIOM), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kyoto University [Kyoto], and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Oceans and Seas, 030106 microbiology, Soil Science, Plant Science, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Databases, Genetic, Megaviridae, 14. Life underwater, species richness, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Phylogeny, Mimivirus, biology, Phylogenetic tree, Bacteria, General Medicine, Articles, Biodiversity, biology.organism_classification, Archaea, Phylogenetic diversity, 030104 developmental biology, Taxon, Metagenomics, Evolutionary biology, RNA polymerase, Giant Viruses, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, ocean metagenome, Species richness, RNA Polymerase II, Mimiviridae, human activities
Abstract

International audience; Since the discovery of the giant mimivirus, evolutionarily related viruses have been isolated or identified from various environments. Phylogenetic analyses of this group of viruses, tentatively referred to as the family "Megaviridae", suggest that it has an ancient origin that may predate the emergence of major eukaryotic lineages. Environmental genomics has since revealed that Megaviridae represents one of the most abundant and diverse groups of viruses in the ocean. In the present study, we compared the taxon richness and phylogenetic diversity of Megaviridae, Bacteria, and Archaea using DNA-dependent RNA polymerase as a common marker gene. By leveraging existing microbial metagenomic data, we found higher richness and phylogenetic diversity in this single viral family than in the two prokaryotic domains. We also obtained results showing that the evolutionary rate alone cannot account for the observed high diversity of Megaviridae lineages. These results suggest that the Megaviridae family has a deep co-evolutionary history with diverse marine protists since the early "Big-Bang" radiation of the eukaryotic tree of life.

Published
2018

2. Thirty-thousand-year-old distant relative of giant icosahedral DNA viruses with a pandoravirus morphology

Author

Julia Bartoli, Yohann Couté, Chantal Abergel, Lionel Bertaux, Jean-Michel Claverie, Magali Lescot, Sandra Jeudy, Lyubov Shmakova, Matthieu Legendre, Olivier Poirot, Christophe Bruley, Elizaveta Rivkina, Annie Adrait, Karine Labadie, UR 0544 JOUY GENETIQUE DES POISSONS Unité de recherche Génétique des Poissons, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Génomique d'Evry (IG), Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Etude de la dynamique des protéomes (EDyP), Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Échelle (BGE - UMR S1038), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Information génomique et structurale (IGS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche Génétique des Poissons (UGP), Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Etude de la dynamique des protéomes (EDyP ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Laboratoire d'étude de la dynamique des protéomes (LEDyP), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Proteomics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Molecular Sequence Data, Nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses, Pithovirus, Megaviridae, Cluster Analysis, Giant Virus, Amoeba, Phylogeny, Soil Microbiology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mimivirus, Multidisciplinary, biology, Pandoravirus, Base Sequence, Gene Expression Profiling, Virophage, Marseillevirus, DNA Viruses, Computational Biology, Molecular Sequence Annotation, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Biological Sciences, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Siberia, Microscopy, Electron, 13. Climate action
Abstract

The largest known DNA viruses infect Acanthamoeba and belong to two markedly different families. The Megaviridae exhibit pseudo-icosahedral virions up to 0.7 μm in diameter and adenine–thymine (AT)-rich genomes of up to 1.25 Mb encoding a thousand proteins. Like their Mimivirus prototype discovered 10 y ago, they entirely replicate within cytoplasmic virion factories. In contrast, the recently discovered Pandoraviruses exhibit larger amphora-shaped virions 1 μm in length and guanine–cytosine-rich genomes up to 2.8 Mb long encoding up to 2,500 proteins. Their replication involves the host nucleus. Whereas the Megaviridae share some general features with the previously described icosahedral large DNA viruses, the Pandoraviruses appear unrelated to them. Here we report the discovery of a third type of giant virus combining an even larger pandoravirus-like particle 1.5 μm in length with a surprisingly smaller 600 kb AT-rich genome, a gene content more similar to Iridoviruses and Marseillevirus, and a fully cytoplasmic replication reminiscent of the Megaviridae. This suggests that pandoravirus-like particles may be associated with a variety of virus families more diverse than previously envisioned. This giant virus, named Pithovirus sibericum, was isolated from a >30,000-y-old radiocarbon-dated sample when we initiated a survey of the virome of Siberian permafrost. The revival of such an ancestral amoeba-infecting virus used as a safe indicator of the possible presence of pathogenic DNA viruses, suggests that the thawing of permafrost either from global warming or industrial exploitation of circumpolar regions might not be exempt from future threats to human or animal health.

Published
2014

3. Exploring nucleo-cytoplasmic large DNA viruses in Tara Oceans microbial metagenomes

Author

Hervé Moreau, Isabel Ferrera, Hugo Sarmento, Emilie Villar, Camille Clerissi, Nigel Grimsley, Julie Poulain, Jean-Michel Claverie, Silvia G. Acinas, Patrick Wincker, Karoline Faust, Stephane Pesant, Pascal Hingamp, Colomban de Vargas, Fabrice Not, Jeroen Raes, Eric Karsenti, Lucie Subirana, Peer Bork, Hiroyuki Ogata, Shinichi Sunagawa, Olivier Jaillon, Stefanie Kandels-Lewis, Gipsi Lima-Mendez, Yves Desdevises, Information génomique et structurale (IGS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie intégrative des organismes marins (BIOM), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut de Génomique d'Evry (IG), Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Department of Structural Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Applied Biological Sciences (DBIT), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Dept Biol Struct, Res Grp Bioinformat & Eco Syst Biol, VIB, Dept Appl Biol Sci, Microbiol Unit, Evolution des Protistes et Ecosystèmes Pélagiques (EPEP), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Heidelberg] (EMBL), Diversité et Interactions au sein du Plancton Océanique (DIPO), Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARUM), Universität Bremen, Education academy of computational life sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology [Tokyo] (TITECH), CNRS, EMBL, [PROMETHEUS/ANR-09GENM-031], [TARA-GIRUS/ANR-09-PCS-GENM-218], Genoscope/CEA, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, UNIMIB, ANR, [POSEIDON/ANR-09-BLAN-0348], [BIOMARKS/ANR-08-BDVA-003], Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography [Barcelone], Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), UCL - SST/LIBST - Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, and Department of Bio-engineering Sciences

Subjects
Cytoplasm, Genes, Viral, eukaryotic viruses, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Marine bacteriophage, Megaviridae, Phycodnaviridae, Indian Ocean, Phylogeny, 0303 health sciences, eukaryotic viruses, marine NCLDVs, taxon co-occurr, biology, Ecology, Eukaryota, taxon co-occurrence, Biodiversity, Oomycetes, Horizontal gene transfer, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Original Article, marine NCLDVs, Marine NCLDVs, Gene Transfer, Horizontal, Evolution, Oceans and Seas, Genome, Viral, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Microbial ecology, Behavior and Systematics, Phylogenetics, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Taxon co-occurrence, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Cell Nucleus, Population Density, 030306 microbiology, fungi, DNA Viruses, Prokaryote, Eukaryotic viruses, biology.organism_classification, oomycetes, Prokaryotic Cells, 13. Climate action, Metagenomics, Metagenome, Software_PROGRAMMINGLANGUAGES
Abstract

Pascal Hingamp ... et al. -- 18 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables, Nucleo-cytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs) constitute a group of eukaryotic viruses that can have crucial ecological roles in the sea by accelerating the turnover of their unicellular hosts or by causing diseases in animals. To better characterize the diversity, abundance and biogeography of marine NCLDVs, we analyzed 17 metagenomes derived from microbial samples (0.2–1.6 μm size range) collected during the Tara Oceans Expedition. The sample set includes ecosystems under-represented in previous studies, such as the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) and Indian Ocean lagoons. By combining computationally derived relative abundance and direct prokaryote cell counts, the abundance of NCLDVs was found to be in the order of 104–105 genomes ml−1 for the samples from the photic zone and 102–103 genomes ml−1 for the OMZ. The Megaviridae and Phycodnaviridae dominated the NCLDV populations in the metagenomes, although most of the reads classified in these families showed large divergence from known viral genomes. Our taxon co-occurrence analysis revealed a potential association between viruses of the Megaviridae family and eukaryotes related to oomycetes. In support of this predicted association, we identified six cases of lateral gene transfer between Megaviridae and oomycetes. Our results suggest that marine NCLDVs probably outnumber eukaryotic organisms in the photic layer (per given water mass) and that metagenomic sequence analyses promise to shed new light on the biodiversity of marine viruses and their interactions with potential hosts, We thank the coordinators and members of the Tara Oceans consortium (http://www.embl.de/tara-oceans/start/) for organizing sampling and data analysis. We thank the commitment of the following people and sponsors who made this singular expedition possible: CNRS, EMBL, Genoscope/CEA, VIB, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, UNIMIB, ANR (projects POSEIDON/ANR-09-BLAN-0348, BIOMARKS/ANR-08-BDVA-003, PROMETHEUS/ANR-09-GENM-031, and TARA-GIRUS/ANR-09-PCS-GENM-218), EU FP7 (MicroB3/No.287589), FWO, BIO5, Biosphere 2, agne`s b., the Veolia Environment Foundation, Region Bretagne, World Courier, Illumina, Cap L’Orient, the EDF Foundation EDF Diversiterre, FRB, the Prince Albert II de Monaco Foundation, Etienne Bourgois, the Tara schooner and its captain and crew. CC benefited from a doctoral fellowship from the AXA Research Fund. Tara Oceans would not exist without the continuous support of the participating 23 institutes (see http://oceans.taraexpeditions.org). This article is contribution number 0003 of the Tara Oceans Expedition 2009–2012

Published
2013

4. Genome of Phaeocystis globosa virus PgV-16T highlights the common ancestry of the largest known DNA viruses infecting eukaryotes

Author

Chantal Abergel, K. Eric Wommack, Julia Bartoli, Olivier Poirot, Corina P. D. Brussaard, Valérie Barbe, Jean-Michel Claverie, Sandra Jeudy, Magali Lescot, Sébastien Santini, Anna A. M. Noordeloos, Information génomique et structurale (IGS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aquatic Microbiology (IBED, FNWI)

Subjects
Proteome, Retroelements, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Molecular Sequence Data, Genome, Viral, Biology, Nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses, 03 medical and health sciences, Viral Proteins, Gene Duplication, Botany, Megaviridae, Phycodnaviridae, Mimiviridae, Giant Virus, 14. Life underwater, Phylogeny, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Mimivirus, Multidisciplinary, 030306 microbiology, Virophage, fungi, Chromosome Mapping, Haptophyta, Biological Sciences, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Satellite virus, Satellite Viruses, Phytoplankton, Megavirus
Abstract

Large dsDNA viruses are involved in the population control of many globally distributed species of eukaryotic phytoplankton and have a prominent role in bloom termination. The genus Phaeocystis ( Haptophyta , Prymnesiophyceae ) includes several high-biomass-forming phytoplankton species, such as Phaeocystis globosa , the blooms of which occur mostly in the coastal zone of the North Atlantic and the North Sea. Here, we report the 459,984-bp-long genome sequence of P. globosa virus strain PgV-16T, encoding 434 proteins and eight tRNAs and, thus, the largest fully sequenced genome to date among viruses infecting algae. Surprisingly, PgV-16T exhibits no phylogenetic affinity with other viruses infecting microalgae (e.g., phycodnaviruses), including those infecting Emiliania huxleyi , another ubiquitous bloom-forming haptophyte. Rather, PgV-16T belongs to an emerging clade (the Megaviridae) clustering the viruses endowed with the largest known genomes, including Megavirus, Mimivirus (both infecting acanthamoeba), and a virus infecting the marine microflagellate grazer Cafeteria roenbergensis . Seventy-five percent of the best matches of PgV-16T–predicted proteins correspond to two viruses [Organic Lake phycodnavirus (OLPV)1 and OLPV2] from a hypersaline lake in Antarctica (Organic Lake), the hosts of which are unknown. As for OLPVs and other Megaviridae, the PgV-16T sequence data revealed the presence of a virophage-like genome. However, no virophage particle was detected in infected P. globosa cultures. The presence of many genes found only in Megaviridae in its genome and the presence of an associated virophage strongly suggest that PgV-16T shares a common ancestry with the largest known dsDNA viruses, the host range of which already encompasses the earliest diverging branches of domain Eukarya.

Published
2013

5. Pandoraviruses: Amoeba Viruses with Genomes Up to 2.5 Mb Reaching That of Parasitic Eukaryotes

Author

Nadège Philippe, Lionel Bertaux, Chantal Abergel, Christophe Bruley, Virginie Seltzer, Defne Arslan, Matthieu Legendre, Olivier Poirot, Yohann Couté, Gabriel Doutre, Magali Lescot, Jean-Michel Claverie, Jérôme Garin, Information génomique et structurale (IGS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biosciences et de Biotechnologies de Grenoble (ex-IRTSV) (BIG), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Biologie à Grande Échelle (BGE - UMR S1038), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), ANR-08-BLAN-0089,MIMIVIRUS,Etude de la relation hôte pathogène du système Acanthamoeba/Mimivirus(2008), ANR-09-GENM-0032,TARA-GIRUS(2009), ANR-10-INBS-08-01/10-INBS-0008,ProFI,Infrastructure Française de Protéomique(2010), European Project: 227799,EC:FP7:INFRA,FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2008-1,ASSEMBLE(2009), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), ANR-09-GENM-0032,TARA-GIRUS,Inventaire et ressources génétiques de virus géants à ADN dans les milieux marins sur Tara-Oceans(2009), ANR-10-INBS-0008,ProFI,Infrastructure Française de Protéomique(2010), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Savelli, Bruno, Blanc - Etude de la relation hôte pathogène du système Acanthamoeba/Mimivirus - - MIMIVIRUS2008 - ANR-08-BLAN-0089 - BLANC - VALID, Génomique et biotechnologies végétales - Inventaire et ressources génétiques de virus géants à ADN dans les milieux marins sur Tara-Oceans - - TARA-GIRUS2009 - ANR-09-GENM-0032 - GENOM-BTV - VALID, Infrastructure Française de Protéomique - - ProFI2010 - ANR-10-INBS-0008 - INBS - VALID, Association of European Marine Biological Laboratories - ASSEMBLE - - EC:FP7:INFRA2009-03-01 - 2014-10-31 - 227799 - VALID, and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])

Subjects
Proteomics, Marseilleviridae, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Molecular Sequence Data, Fresh Water, [SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Genome, Viral, Nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses, Pithovirus, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Megaviridae, Giant Virus, Seawater, Amoeba, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Mimivirus, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Multidisciplinary, biology, Pandoravirus, Base Sequence, 030306 microbiology, Virophage, biology.organism_classification, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Mimiviridae
Abstract

Zeus' Revenge Sediment-dwelling amoebae appear to have an unhappy affinity for huge viruses. Giant icosahedral Mimiviruses with genomes of the order of 1 megabase (Mb) were first identified in Acanthamoeba. Digging into antipodean sediments has once again been fruitful where Philippe et al. (p. 281 ; see the cover) discovered some enormous viruses in Acanthamoeba, visible by light microscopy and having genomes up to 2.5 Mb. The Pandoraviruses are phagocytosed by target cells and, after fusing with the phagosome membrane, their contents are released into the cytoplasm where they wreak terrible havoc on its nucleus. These viruses are encased into a tegument-like envelope and lack genes for capsid proteins, and there are no genes for protein translation, adenosine triphosphate generation, or binary fission—confirming their classification as viruses.

Published
2013

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