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1. MusE GAs FLOw and Wind (MEGAFLOW) IX. The impact of gas flows on the relations between the mass, star formation rate, and metallicity of galaxies

Author

Ivanna Langan, Johannes Zabl, Nicolas F Bouché, Michele Ginolfi, Gergö Popping, Ilane Schroetter, Martin Wendt, Joop Schaye, Leindert Boogaard, Jonathan Freundlich, Johan Richard, Jorryt Matthee, Wilfried Mercier, Thierry Contini, Yucheng Guo, Maxime Cherrey, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg (ObAS), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), (galaxies:) quasars: absorption lines, FOS: Physical sciences, galaxies: formation, Astronomy and Astrophysics, galaxies: abundances, galaxies: evolution, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, galaxies: ISM
Abstract

We study the link between gas flow events and key galaxy scaling relations: the relations between star formation rate (SFR) and stellar mass (the main sequence, MS), gas metallicity and stellar mass (the mass-metallicity relation, MZR) and gas metallicity, stellar mass and SFR (the fundamental metallicity relation, FMR). Using all star-forming galaxies (SFGs) in the 22 MUSE fields of the MusE GAs FLOw and Wind (MEGAFLOW) survey, we derive the MS, MZR and FMR scaling relations for 385 SFGs with $M = 10^8 - 10^{11.5}$ $M_\odot$ at redshifts 0.35 < z < 0.85. Using the MUSE data and complementary X-Shooter spectra at 0.85 < z < 1.4, we determine the locations of 21 SFGs associated with inflowing or outflowing circumgalactic gas (i.e. with strong MgII absorption in background quasar spectra) relative to these scaling relations. Compared to a control sample of galaxies without gas flows (i.e., without MgII absorption within 70 kpc of the quasar), SFGs with inflow events (i.e., MgII absorption along the major axis) are preferentially located above the MS, while SFGs with ouflow events (i.e., MgII absorption along the minor axis) are preferentially more metal rich. Our observations support the scenario in which gas accretion increases the SFR while diluting the metal content and where circumgalactic outflows are found in more metal-rich galaxies., 13 pages, 8 figures

Published
2023
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2. The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey. The contribution of major mergers to the galaxy mass assembly at z ∼ 5

Author

Daniel Schaerer, E. Zucca, Daniela Vergani, Lin Yan, Andrea Cimatti, A. Zanella, O. Le Fèvre, Andreas L. Faisst, A. Enia, L. Morselli, Seiji Fujimoto, Paolo Cassata, Anton M. Koekemoer, G. Zamorani, Nimish P. Hathi, Brian C. Lemaux, Michele Ginolfi, Edo Ibar, Médéric Boquien, Giulia Rodighiero, Peter Capak, G. C. Jones, Carlotta Gruppioni, Matthieu Béthermin, Miroslava Dessauges-Zavadsky, M. Romano, S. Bardelli, John D. Silverman, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Galaxy merger, 01 natural sciences, Physical cosmology, galaxies: evolution, galaxies: formation, galaxies: high-redshift, galaxies: kinematics and dynamics, early Universe, galaxies: high-redshift, 0103 physical sciences, galaxies: formation, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, galaxies: kinematics and dynamics, media_common, Physics, education.field_of_study, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Star formation, Astronomy and Astrophysics, early Universe, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Redshift, Galaxy, Universe, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, galaxies: evolution
Abstract

Galaxy mergers are thought to be one of the main mechanisms of the mass assembly of galaxies. Recently, many works have suggested a possible increase in the fraction of major mergers in the early Universe, reviving the debate on which processes (e.g., cold accretion, star formation, mergers) most contribute to the mass build-up of galaxies through cosmic time. To estimate the importance of major mergers in this context, we make use of the new data collected by the ALMA Large Program to INvestigate [CII] at Early times (ALPINE), which observed the [CII] 158 $��$m emission line from a sample of 75 main-sequence star-forming galaxies at 4.4 < z < 5.9. We used, for the first time, the morpho-kinematic information provided by the [CII] emission to obtain the fraction of major mergers ($f_{MM}$) at z~5. By adopting different prescriptions for the merger timescales ($T_{MM}$), we converted this fraction into the merger rate per galaxy ($R_{MM}$) and per volume ($��_{MM}$). We then combined our results with those at lower redshifts from the literature, computing the cosmic evolution of the merger fraction. This is described by a rapid increase from z~0 to higher redshifts, a peak at z~3, and a slow decrease towards earlier epochs. Depending on the timescale prescription used, this fraction translates into a merger rate ranging between ~0.1 and ~4.0 Gyr$^{-1}$ at z~5. Finally, we compare the specific star formation and star-formation rate density with the analogous quantities from major mergers. Our new ALPINE data reveal the presence of a significant merging activity in the early Universe. However, whether this population of mergers can provide a relevant contribution to the galaxy mass assembly at these redshifts and through the cosmic epochs is strongly dependent on the assumption of the merger timescale., Accepted for publication in section 4. Extragalactic astronomy of Astronomy and Astrophysics

Published
2021
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3. The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey: Small Ly$\alpha$-[CII] velocity offsets in main-sequence galaxies at 4.4 < z < 6

Author

G. Rodighiero, H. Mendez-Hernandez, Dominik Riechers, Seiji Fujimoto, E. Zucca, Brian C. Lemaux, Pascal Oesch, Mauro Giavalisco, Nimish P. Hathi, Andrea Cimatti, Chiara Mancini, Daniel Schaerer, L. Morselli, Y. Fudamoto, M. Bethermin, John D. Silverman, Lin Yan, Gareth J. F. Jones, M. Romano, O. Le Fevre, Andreas L. Faisst, S. Bardelli, Peter Capak, Miroslava Dessauges-Zavadsky, Paolo Cassata, Edo Ibar, Margherita Talia, Médéric Boquien, D. Vergani, Anton M. Koekemoer, G. Zamorani, Michele Ginolfi, Francesca Pozzi, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cassata P., Morselli L., Faisst A., Ginolfi M., Bethermin M., Capak P., Le Fevre O., Schaerer D., Silverman J., Yan L., Lemaux B.C., Romano M., Talia M., Bardelli S., Boquien M., Cimatti A., Dessauges-Zavadsky M., Fudamoto Y., Fujimoto S., Giavalisco M., Hathi N.P., Ibar E., Jones G., Koekemoer A.M., Mendez-Hernandez H., Mancini C., Oesch P.A., Pozzi F., Riechers D.A., Rodighiero G., Vergani D., Zamorani G., Zucca E., Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
submillimeter: galaxies, REDSHIFT EVOLUTION, galaxies [submillimeter], PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES, Context (language use), Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES, ULTRAVIOLET-SPECTRA, galaxies: high-redshift, 0103 physical sciences, C II, STAR-FORMING GALAXIES, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ESCAPE FRACTION, Line (formation), Physics, Very Large Telescope, Line-of-sight, ISM [galaxies], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, DUST CONTENT, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Redshift, Galaxy, COSMOS FIELD, Interstellar medium, Space and Planetary Science, LY-ALPHA RADIATION, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Equivalent width, galaxies: ISM, high-redshift [galaxies], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The Lya line in the UV and the [CII] line in the FIR are widely used tools to identify galaxies and to obtain insights into ISM properties in the early Universe. By combining data obtained with ALMA in band 7 at ~ 320 GHz as part of the ALMA Large Program to INvestigate [CII] at Early Times (ALPINE) with spectroscopic data from DEIMOS at Keck, VIMOS and FORS2 at the VLT, we assembled a unique sample of 53 main-sequence star-forming galaxies at 4.4 < z < 6 in which we detect both the Lya line and the [CII]. We used [CII], observed with ALMA, as a tracer of the systemic velocity of the galaxies, and we find that 90% of the selected objects have Lya-[CII] velocity offsets in the range 0 < Dv_Lya-[CII] < 400 km/s, in line with the few measurements available so far in the early Universe, and significantly smaller than those observed at lower z. We observe ISM-[CII] offsets in the range -500 < Dv_ISM-[CII] < 0 km/s, in line with values at all redshifts. We find significant anticorrelations between Dv_Lya-[CII] and the Lya rest-frame equivalent width EW0(Lya) (or equivalently, the Lya escape fraction f_esc(Lya)). According to available models for the radiative transfer of Lya photons, the escape of Lya photons would be favored in galaxies with high outflow velocities, in agreement with our observations. The uniform shell model would also predict that the Lya escape in galaxies with slow outflows (0 < v_out < 300 km/s) is mainly determined by the neutral hydrogen column density (NHI), while the alternative model by Steidel+10 would favor a combination of NHI and covering fraction as driver of the Lya escape. We suggest that the observed increase in Lya escape that is observed between z~2 and z~6 is not due to a higher incidence of fast outflows at high redshift, but rather to a decrease in average NHI along the line of sight, or alternatively, a decrease in HI covering fraction. [abridged], Comment: 22 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in A&A. This version replaces the previous one

Published
2020
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4. The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey: Survey strategy, observations and sample properties of 118 star-forming galaxies at $4 < z < 6$

Author

M. Bethermin, Carlotta Gruppioni, Shoubaneh Hemmati, Lin Yan, G. Zamorani, Michele Ginolfi, Andreas L. Faisst, E. Zucca, Fabian Walter, G. Lagache, Francesca Pozzi, F. Loiacono, Edo Ibar, Médéric Boquien, Ricardo Amorín, Nick Scoville, Daniel Schaerer, Anton M. Koekemoer, Y. Khusanova, Pascal Oesch, Dominik Riechers, Desika Narayanan, Andrea Cimatti, John D. Silverman, Nimish P. Hathi, Sune Toft, Brian C. Lemaux, Livia Vallini, Chiara Mancini, Miroslava Dessauges-Zavadsky, H. Mendez-Hernandez, R. Thomas, L. Morselli, G. C. Jones, Mauro Giavalisco, L. A. M. Tasca, Paolo Cassata, Roberto Maiolino, Peter Capak, O. Le Fevre, M. Romano, D. Vergani, S. Bardelli, Margherita Talia, Seiji Fujimoto, Y. Fudamoto, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ALPINE Team, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Le Fevre, O., Bethermin, M., Faisst, A., Jones, G. C., Capak, P., Cassata, P., Silverman, J. D., Schaerer, D., Yan, L., Amorin, R., Bardelli, S., Boquien, M., Cimatti, A., Dessauges-Zavadsky, M., Giavalisco, M., Hathi, N. P., Fudamoto, Y., Fujimoto, S., Ginolfi, M., Gruppioni, C., Hemmati, S., Ibar, E., Koekemoer, A., Khusanova, Y., Lagache, G., Lemaux, B. C., Loiacono, F., Maiolino, R., Mancini, C., Narayanan, D., Morselli, L., Mendez-Hernandez, H., Oesch, P. A., Pozzi, F., Romano, M., Riechers, D., Scoville, N., Talia, M., Tasca, L. A. M., Thomas, R., Toft, S., Vallini, L., Vergani, D., Walter, F., Zamorani, G., Zucca, E., Le Fevre O., Bethermin M., Faisst A., Jones G.C., Capak P., Cassata P., Silverman J.D., Schaerer D., Yan L., Amorin R., Bardelli S., Boquien M., Cimatti A., Dessauges-Zavadsky M., Giavalisco M., Hathi N.P., Fudamoto Y., Fujimoto S., Ginolfi M., Gruppioni C., Hemmati S., Ibar E., Koekemoer A., Khusanova Y., Lagache G., Lemaux B.C., Loiacono F., Maiolino R., Mancini C., Narayanan D., Morselli L., Mendez-Hernandez H., Oesch P.A., Pozzi F., Romano M., Riechers D., Scoville N., Talia M., Tasca L.A.M., Thomas R., Toft S., Vallini L., Vergani D., Walter F., Zamorani G., and Zucca E.

Subjects
formation [galaxies], Population, REDSHIFT, BILLION YEARS, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, COOL GAS, Far infrared, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, galaxies: formation, MAIN-SEQUENCE, FIELD, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Reionization, BLACK-HOLES, evolution [galaxies], Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, EVOLUTION SURVEY COSMOS, education.field_of_study, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, James Webb Space Telescope, Astronomy and Astrophysics, FRAMEWORK, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, Redshift, C II EMISSION, SIMULATIONS, Reference sample, Space and Planetary Science, galaxies: star formation, Spectral energy distribution, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, star formation [galaxies], galaxies: evolution, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The ALMA-ALPINE [CII] survey is aimed at characterizing the properties of a sample of normal star-forming galaxies (SFGs). The ALMA Large Program to INvestigate (ALPINE) features 118 galaxies observed in the [CII]-158$\mu$m line and far infrared (FIR) continuum emission during the period of rapid mass assembly, right after the end of the HI reionization, at redshifts of 45). Based on a visual inspection of the [CII] data cubes together with the large wealth of ancillary data, we find a surprisingly wide range of galaxy types, including 40% that are mergers, 20% extended and dispersion-dominated, 13% compact, and 11% rotating discs, with the remaining 16% too faint to be classified. This diversity indicates that a wide array of physical processes must be at work at this epoch, first and foremost, those of galaxy mergers. This paper sets a reference sample for the gas distribution in normal SFGs at 4, Comment: 20 pages, 13 figures, 1 table, accepted by A&A

Published
2020
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5. The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey: Data processing, catalogs, and statistical source properties

Author

Dominik A. Riechers, Brian C. Lemaux, Sune Toft, Livia Vallini, Daniela Vergani, Nimish P. Hathi, E. Zucca, S. Bardelli, Y. Khusanova, Ricardo Amorín, Paolo Cassata, Lin Yan, Seiji Fujimoto, Andreas L. Faisst, Iary Davidzon, Y. Fudamoto, Michele Ginolfi, O. Le Fèvre, Daniel Schaerer, G. C. Jones, Carlotta Gruppioni, Pascal Oesch, G. Zamorani, Matthieu Béthermin, Edo Ibar, Margherita Talia, C. Moreau, Francesca Pozzi, Médéric Boquien, F. Loiacono, John D. Silverman, Anton M. Koekemoer, Guilaine Lagache, Peter Capak, Andrea Cimatti, Miroslava Dessauges-Zavadsky, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bethermin M., Fudamoto Y., Ginolfi M., Loiacono F., Khusanova Y., Capak P.L., Cassata P., Faisst A., Le Fevre O., Schaerer D., Silverman J.D., Yan L., Amorin R., Bardelli S., Boquien M., Cimatti A., Davidzon I., Dessauges-Zavadsky M., Fujimoto S., Gruppioni C., Hathi N.P., Ibar E., Jones G.C., Koekemoer A.M., Lagache G., Lemaux B.C., Moreau C., Oesch P.A., Pozzi F., Riechers D.A., Talia M., Toft S., Vallini L., Vergani D., Zamorani G., Zucca E., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bethermin, M., Fudamoto, Y., Ginolfi, M., Loiacono, F., Khusanova, Y., Capak, P. L., Cassata, P., Faisst, A., Le Fevre, O., Schaerer, D., Silverman, J. D., Yan, L., Amorin, R., Bardelli, S., Boquien, M., Cimatti, A., Davidzon, I., Dessauges-Zavadsky, M., Fujimoto, S., Gruppioni, C., Hathi, N. P., Ibar, E., Jones, G. C., Koekemoer, A. M., Lagache, G., Lemaux, B. C., Moreau, C., Oesch, P. A., Pozzi, F., Riechers, D. A., Talia, M., Toft, S., Vallini, L., Vergani, D., Zamorani, G., and Zucca, E.

Subjects
submillimeter: galaxies, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Continuum (design consultancy), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, star formation [Galaxies], 01 natural sciences, Luminosity, high-redshift [Galaxies], galaxies [Submillimeter], Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, galaxies: high-redshift, Cosmic infrared background, ISM [Galaxies], 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Photometric redshift, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Atacama Large Millimeter Array, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Redshift, Galaxy, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), galaxies: star formation, Spectral energy distribution, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], galaxies: ISM, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The ALPINE-ALMA large program targets the [CII] 158 $\mu$m line and the far-infrared continuum in 118 spectroscopically confirmed star-forming galaxies between z=4.4 and z=5.9. It represents the first large [CII] statistical sample built in this redshift range. We present details of the data processing and the construction of the catalogs. We detected 23 of our targets in the continuum. To derive accurate infrared luminosities and obscured star formation rates, we measured the conversion factor from the ALMA 158 $\mu$m rest-frame dust continuum luminosity to the total infrared luminosity (L$_{\rm IR}$) after constraining the dust spectral energy distribution by stacking a photometric sample similar to ALPINE in ancillary single-dish far-infrared data. We found that our continuum detections have a median L$_{\rm IR}$ of 4.4$\times 10^{11}$ L$_\odot$. We also detected 57 additional continuum sources in our ALMA pointings. They are at lower redshift than the ALPINE targets, with a mean photometric redshift of 2.5$\pm$0.2. We measured the 850 $\mu$m number counts between 0.35 and 3.5 mJy, improving the current interferometric constraints in this flux density range. We found a slope break in the number counts around 3 mJy with a shallower slope below this value. More than 40 % of the cosmic infrared background is emitted by sources brighter than 0.35 mJy. Finally, we detected the [CII] line in 75 of our targets. Their median [CII] luminosity is 4.8$\times$10$^8$ L$_\odot$ and their median full width at half maximum is 252 km/s. After measuring the mean obscured SFR in various [CII] luminosity bins by stacking ALPINE continuum data, we find a good agreement between our data and the local and predicted SFR-L$_{\rm [CII]}$ relations of De Looze et al. (2014) and Lagache et al. (2018)., Comment: 44 pages, 29 figures, 14 tables, accepted by A&A, ALPINE products released at https://cesam.lam.fr/a2c2s/, luminosities in table B2 corrected

Published
2020
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6. The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey - The nature, luminosity function, and star formation history of dusty galaxies up to z ≃ 6

Author

Pascal Oesch, Paolo Cassata, Dominik A. Riechers, Giulia Rodighiero, Peter Capak, E. Zucca, Nimish P. Hathi, Daniel Schaerer, Andrea Cimatti, G. Zamorani, Andreas L. Faisst, Michele Ginolfi, O. Le Fèvre, Seiji Fujimoto, John D. Silverman, Margherita Talia, G. C. Jones, Carlotta Gruppioni, Guilaine Lagache, Matthieu Béthermin, R. Carraro, Y. Khusanova, M. Romano, S. Bardelli, Livia Vallini, Francesca Pozzi, F. Loiacono, Brian C. Lemaux, Miroslava Dessauges-Zavadsky, Lin Yan, Daniela Vergani, Anton M. Koekemoer, Médéric Boquien, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna (OABO), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Universidad de Antofagasta, Universidad de Valparaiso [Chile], INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Space Telescope Science Institute (STSci), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of California (UC), Cornell University [New York], Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden, Gruppioni, C., Bethermin, M., Loiacono, F., Le Fevre, O., Capak, P., Cassata, P., Faisst, A. L., Schaerer, D., Silverman, J., Yan, L., Bardelli, S., Boquien, M., Carraro, R., Cimatti, A., Dessauges-Zavadsky, M., Ginolfi, M., Fujimoto, S., Hathi, N. P., Jones, G. C., Khusanova, Y., Koekemoer, A. M., Lagache, G., Lemaux, B. C., Oesch, P. A., Pozzi, F., Riechers, D. A., Rodighiero, G., Romano, M., Talia, M., Vallini, L., Vergani, D., Zamorani, G., Zucca, E., Université de Genève (UNIGE), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), University of California, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Gruppioni C., Bethermin M., Loiacono F., Le Fevre O., Capak P., Cassata P., Faisst A.L., Schaerer D., Silverman J., Yan L., Bardelli S., Boquien M., Carraro R., Cimatti A., Dessauges-Zavadsky M., Ginolfi M., Fujimoto S., Hathi N.P., Jones G.C., Khusanova Y., Koekemoer A.M., Lagache G., Lemaux B.C., Oesch P.A., Pozzi F., Riechers D.A., Rodighiero G., Romano M., Talia M., Vallini L., Vergani D., Zamorani G., Zucca E., ITA, USA, FRA, CHL, DNK, JPN, NLD, and CHE

Subjects
submillimeter: galaxies, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Stellar mass, Continuum (design consultancy), FOS: Physical sciences, observation [Cosmology], Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Cosmology: observation, high-redshift [Galaxies], galaxies [Submillimeter], Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, galaxies: high-redshift, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Luminosity function (astronomy), Photometric redshift, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Star formation, Astronomy and Astrophysics, evolution [Galaxies], Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, luminosity function [Galaxies], Galaxy, Redshift, galaxies: luminosity function, Space and Planetary Science, mass function, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Mass function, cosmology: observations, Dark galaxy, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, galaxies: evolution, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the detailed characterisation of a sample of 56 sources serendipitously detected in ALMA band 7, as part of the ALMA Large Program to INvestigate CII at Early Times (ALPINE) in COSMOS and ECDFS. These sources have been used to derive the total infrared luminosity function (LF) and to estimate the cosmic star formation rate density (SFRD) up to z=6. We have looked for counterparts in all the available multi-wavelength and photometric redshift catalogues, and in deeper near- and mid-IR source lists and maps, to identify optically dark sources with no matches in the public catalogues. Our ALMA blind survey allows us to push further the study of the nature and evolution of dusty galaxies at high-z, identifying luminous and massive sources to redshifts and faint luminosities never probed before by any far-infrared surveys. The ALPINE data are the first ones to sample the faint-end of the infrared LF, showing little evolution from z=2.5 to z=6, and a flat slope up to the highest redshifts. The SFRD obtained by integrating the luminosity function remains almost constant between z=2 and 6, and significantly higher than the optical/UV derivations, showing an important contribution of dusty galaxies and obscured star formation up to high-z. About 14 per cent of the ALPINE serendipitous continuum sources are optically+near-IR dark (six show a counterpart only in the mid-IR and no HST or near-IR identification, while two are detected as [CII] emitters at z=5). The six HST and near-IR dark galaxies with mid-IR counterpart contribute for about 17 per cent of the total SFRD at z=5 and dominate the high-mass end of the stellar mass function at z>3., 26 pages, 18 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2020
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