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1. Slightly different metabolomic profiles are associated with high or low weight duck foie gras

Author

Bara Lo, Nathalie Marty-Gasset, Helene Manse, Cecile Canlet, Renaud Domitile, Herve Remignon, LESUR, Hélène, Infrastructure Française de Protéomique - - ProFI2010 - ANR-10-INBS-0008 - INBS - VALID, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Metatoul AXIOM (E20 ), MetaboHUB-MetaToul, Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), IDENA, For this specific study we received a grant from the ANR-T (grant number = ANR-2017/1414) to partly cover Bara LO’s PhD. salary.An other financial support (number = ANR-10-INBS-08) was previously given to the technical platform in charge of our metabolomics analysis, and ANR-10-INBS-0008,ProFI,Infrastructure Française de Protéomique(2010)

Subjects
Fatty Liver, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Multidisciplinary, Ducks, Thinness, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Hyperaldosteronism, Animals, Metabolomics
Abstract

Understanding the evolution of fatty liver metabolism of ducks is a recurrent issue for researchers and industry. Indeed, the increase in weight during the overfeeding period leads to an important change in the liver metabolism. However, liver weight is highly variable at the end of overfeeding within a batch of animals reared, force-fed and slaughtered in the same way. For this study, we performed a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) analysis on two classes of fatty liver samples, called low-weight liver (weights between 550 and 599 g) and high-weight liver (weights above 700 g). The aim of this study was to identify the differences in metabolism between two classes of liver weight (low and high). Firstly, the results suggested that increased liver weight is associated with higher glucose uptake leading to greater lipid synthesis. Secondly, this increase is probably also due to a decline in the level of export of triglycerides from the liver by maintaining them at high hepatic concentration levels, but also of hepatic cholesterol. Finally, the increase in liver weight could lead to a significant decrease in the efficiency of aerobic energy metabolism associated with a significant increase in the level of oxidative stress. However, all these hypotheses will have to be confirmed in the future, by studies on plasma levels and specific assays to validate these results.

Published
2022
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2. Cellular markers of mule duck livers after force-feeding

Author

C. Bannelier, Bara Lo, Céline Bravo, Hélène Manse, Nathalie Marty-Gasset, Hervé Rémignon, Renaud Domitile, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and IDENA

Subjects
Programmed cell death, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], mule duck, Necroptosis, medicine.disease_cause, Metabolism and Nutrition, Andrology, 03 medical and health sciences, Enteral Nutrition, medicine, Animals, oxidative stress, lcsh:SF1-1100, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, hypoxia, Fatty liver, 0402 animal and dairy science, Foie gras, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, medicine.disease, 040201 dairy & animal science, Enzyme assay, Fatty Liver, Metabolic pathway, Ducks, cell death, Liver, Apoptosis, biology.protein, Animal Science and Zoology, lcsh:Animal culture, Steatosis, Biomarkers, Oxidative stress
Abstract

International audience; The "Foie gras" or fatty liver is the result of hepatic steatosis from nutritional origin and induced by the force-feeding of palmipeds. Despite identical rearing and force-feeding conditions of ducks from the same breed, different liver weights, within a range of 500 to more than 700 g, are generally observed at the time of evisceration. To better understand the determinism of this large variability in fatty liver weights, the activity of various metabolic pathways has been explored in 4 groups of steatotic livers differing by their weights. Different analyses were performed using biochemical assays on metabolites as well as ELISA tests or enzyme activity assays. The result showed that an increase in the final liver weight is always associated with a hypoxic response and even a severe hypoxia observed in livers with the highest weights (more than 650 g). This is also combined with a rise in the cellular oxidative stress level. In addition, for the heaviest livers (more than 700 g), signs of cell death by apoptosis were also observed, while others programmed cell death pathways , such as ferroptosis or necroptosis, seemed to be nonactive.

Published
2020
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3. Deciphering mechanisms underlying the genetic variation of general production and liver quality traits in the overfed mule duck by pQTL analyses

Author

Nathalie Marty-Gasset, Laurence Liaubet, Christel Marie-Etancelin, Alain Vignal, Stéphane Davail, Yoannah François, C. Molette, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Chicken Genome, Poultry Products, lcsh:SF1-1100, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, education.field_of_study, Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis, Fatty liver, Melting Rate, Genetic Pleiotropy, General Medicine, alternative model, Ducks, Liver, loci, Female, Quantitative Trait Locus Detection, Glycolysis, Research Article, Quantitative Trait Locus, qtl detection, lcsh:QH426-470, chicken, Quantitative Trait Loci, Population, Quantitative trait locus, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Genetic variation, expression, medicine, Animals, Genetic variability, foie gras, education, Gene, genome, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, variability, Lipogenesis, Genetic Variation, Phenotypic trait, medicine.disease, livestock, lcsh:Genetics, 030104 developmental biology, Genetic marker, metabolism, Animal Science and Zoology, lcsh:Animal culture
Abstract

Background The aim of this study was to analyse the mechanisms that underlie phenotypic quantitative trait loci (QTL) in overfed mule ducks by identifying co-localized proteomic QTL (pQTL). The QTL design consisted of three families of common ducks that were progeny-tested by using 294 male mule ducks. This population of common ducks was genotyped using a genetic map that included 334 genetic markers located across 28 APL chromosomes (APL for Anas platyrhynchos). Mule ducks were phenotyped for 49 traits related to growth, metabolism, overfeeding ability and meat and fatty liver quality, and 326 soluble fatty liver proteins were quantified. Results One hundred and seventy-six pQTL and 80 phenotypic QTL were detected at the 5% chromosome-wide significance threshold. The great majority of the identified pQTL were trans-acting and localized on a chromosome other than that carrying the coding gene. The most significant pQTL (1% genome-wide significance) were found for alpha-enolase on APL18 and fatty acid synthase on APL24. Some proteins were associated with numerous pQTL (for example, 17 and 14 pQTL were detected for alpha-enolase and apolipoprotein A1, respectively) and pQTL hotspots were observed on some chromosomes (APL18, 24, 25 and 29). We detected 66 co-localized phenotypic QTL and pQTL for which the significance of the two-trait QTL (2t-QTL) analysis was higher than that of the strongest QTL using a single-trait approach. Among these, 16 2t-QTL were pleiotropic. For example, on APL15, melting rate and abundance of two alpha-enolase spots appeared to be impacted by a single locus that is involved in the glycolytic process. On APLZ, we identified a pleiotropic QTL that modified both the blood level of glucose at the beginning of the force-feeding period and the concentration of glutamate dehydrogenase, which, in humans, is involved in increased glucose absorption by the liver when the glutamate dehydrogenase 1 gene is mutated. Conclusions We identified pleiotropic loci that affect metabolic pathways linked to glycolysis or lipogenesis, and in the end to fatty liver quality. Further investigation, via transcriptomics and metabolomics approaches, is required to confirm the biomarkers that were found to impact the genetic variability of these phenotypic traits. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12711-017-0313-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2017
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4. Multistress effects on goldfish (Carassius auratus) behavior and metabolism

Author

Franck Gilbert, Julie Canal, Séverine Jean, Allison Gandar, Pascal Laffaille, Nathalie Marty-Gasset, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Climate Change, [SDV.SA.ZOO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Zootechny, Ingénierie de l'environnement, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Temperature warming, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Stress, Physiological, Goldfish, Environmental Chemistry, Ecotoxicology, Animals, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Atrazine, Pesticides, Muscle, Skeletal, Global change, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pollutant, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, General Medicine, Metabolism, Pesticide, Pollution, Zootechnie, Pendimethalin, 030104 developmental biology, Fish, chemistry, Liver, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Toxicity, Bioturbation, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract

International audience; Crossed effects between climate change and chemical pollutions were identified on community structure and ecosystem functioning. Temperature rising affects the toxic properties of pollutants and the sensitiveness of organisms to chemicals stress. Inversely, chemical exposure may decrease the capacity of organisms to respond to environmental changes. The aim of our study was to assess the individual and crossed effects of temperature rising and pesticide contamination on fish. Goldfish, Carassius auratus, were exposed during 96 h at two temperatures (22 and 32 °C) to a mixture of common pesticides (S-metolachlor, isoproturon, linuron, atrazine- desethyl, aclonifen, pendimethalin, and tebuconazol) at two environmentally relevant concentrations (total concentrations MIX1=8.4 μg L−1 and MIX2=42 μg L−1). We investigated the sediment reworking behavior, which has a major ecological functional role. We also focused on three physiological traits from the cellular up to the whole individual level showing metabolic status of fish (protein concentration in liver and muscle, hepatosomatic index, and Fulton’s condition factor). Individual thermal stress and low concentrations of pesticides decreased the sediment reworking activity of fish and entrained metabolic compensation with global depletion in energy stores. We found that combined chemical and thermal stresses impaired the capacity of fish to set up an efficient adaptive response. Our results strongly suggest that temperature will make fish more sensitive to water contamination by pesticides, raising concerns about wild fish conservation submitted to global changes.

Published
2016
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5. Effet du type de maïs en gavage et de la durée de jeûne avant abattage sur les caractéristiques biochimiques et génomiques fonctionnelles du foie gras chez le canard mulard

Author

Cécile Bonnefont, Rawane El Kouba, Marina Travanca, Sebastien Dejean, Alain Vignal, Michel Bouillier-Oudot, Nathalie Marty-Gasset, Emmanuelle Labarthe, Hélène Manse, Julien Arroyo, Jean-Pierre Dubois, Didier Viala, Christophe Chambon, Caroline Molette, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Association des Eleveurs de Dordogne (Asseldor), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Qualité des Produits Animaux (QuaPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ASSELDOR, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, GenPhySE - UMR 1388 ( Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-ENVT, UMR5219, Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse, Unité Mixte de Recherches sur les Herbivores ( UMR 1213 Herbivores ), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Qualité des Produits Animaux ( QUAPA ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA )

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, gavage, maïs, [ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, généomique, biochimie, jeune, Agricultural sciences, Alimentation et Nutrition, Food and Nutrition, [ SDV.SA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Sciences agricoles
Abstract

Une période de mise à jeûne des animaux permet de diminuer les risques de contamination des carcasses lors de l’éviscération. Les objectifs de cet essai sont d’étudier en détails les effets de la durée de jeûne et de la digestibilité du maïs sur les performances zootechniques de canards mulards gavés et sur la qualité de leurs foies. Les relations entre ces performances et le métabolisme des foies ont été étudiées. Un lot de 60 canards mulards a été élevé jusqu’à 12 semaines d’âge dans des conditions standards. Puis les canards ont été gavés soit avec du maïs waxy (riche en amylopectine et rapidement digestible) soit avec du maïs témoin. Pour étudier le métabolisme du foie en fonction du type de maïs et de la durée du jeûne, des analyses biochimiques, transcriptomiques et protéomiques ont été réalisées sur les foies obtenus après 9h et 15h de jeûne. Les foies de tous les canards ont un poids équivalent même si le taux de lipides est supérieur après 15h de jeûne (p=0,019). Mais le rendement technologique est supérieur de 7,0 points pour les canards gavés au maïs waxy à 9h de jeûne (p=0,039). Ces différences de rendement technologique semblent s’expliquer par le taux de lipides qui est inférieur de 3,9 points lorsque le maïs waxy est utilisé (p=0,019) et par un niveau d’expression plus élevé des protéines et transcrits impliqués dans la glycolyse et la lipogenèse.

Published
2015

6. Proteomic Analysis of Duck Fatty Liver during Post-Mortem Storage Related to the Variability of Fat Loss during Cooking of 'Foie Gras'

Author

Didier Viala, Christophe Chambon, Carole Pichereaux, Laetitia Théron, Michel Rossignol, Nathalie Marty-Gasset, Xavier Fernandez, C. Molette, Thierry Astruc, Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Qualité des Produits Animaux (QuaPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INRA, CIFOG, and Region Midi-Pyrenees

Subjects
Proteomics, duck, Food Handling, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Breeding, WATER-HOLDING CAPACITY, Protein expression, MUSCLES, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Cooking, Processing plants, BEEF, proteomic, mass spectrometry, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, MEAT, medicine.diagnostic_test, Chemistry, Fatty liver, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Cold Temperature, Ducks, Biochemistry, Liver, shot-gun, foie gras quality, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Fat loss, technological yield, PROTEINS, Proteolysis, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Animals, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Gene, 030304 developmental biology, fatty liver, 0402 animal and dairy science, two-dimensional electrophoresis, General Chemistry, medicine.disease, 040201 dairy & animal science, Dietary Fats, Low ionic strength, Diet, Solubility
Abstract

International audience; Fat loss during cooking of duck "foie gras" is the main problem for both manufacturers and consumers. Despite the efforts of the processing industry to control fat loss, the variability of fatty liver cooking yields remains high and uncontrolled. To understand the biochemical effects of postslaughter processing on fat loss during cooking, this study characterizes for the first time the protein expression of fatty liver during chilling using a proteomic approach. For this purpose the proteins were separated according to their solubility: the protein fraction soluble in a buffer of low ionic strength (S) and the protein fraction insoluble in the same buffer (IS). Two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to analyze the S fraction and mass spectrometry for the identification of spots of interest. This analysis revealed 36 (21 identified proteins) and 34 (26 identified proteins) spots of interests in the low-fat-loss and high-fat-loss groups, respectively. The expression of proteins was lower after chilling, which revealed a suppressive effect of chilling on biological processes. The shot-gun strategy was used to analyze the IS fraction, with the identification of all the proteins by mass spectrometry. This allowed identification of 554 and 562 proteins in the low-fat-loss and high-fat-loss groups, respectively. Among these proteins, only the proteins that were up-regulated in the high-fat-loss group were significant (p value = 3.17 X 10(-3)) and corresponded to protein from the cytoskeleton and its associated proteins. Taken together, these results suggest that the variability of technological yield observed in processing plants could be explained by different aging states of fatty livers during chilling, most likely associated with different proteolytic patterns.

Published
2013
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7. Current advances in proteomic analysis of (fatty) liver

Author

Xavier Fernandez, Hervé Rémignon, Laetitia Théron, Nathalie Marty-Gasset, C. Molette, Tissus animaux, nutrition, digestion, écosystème et métabolisme (TANDEM), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]

Subjects
Proteomics, bird, Proteome, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biophysics, Computational biology, Biology, liver, Biochemistry, Protein evolution, 03 medical and health sciences, Liver steatosis, Two dimensional electrophoresis, medicine, mammalian, Animals, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Poultry Diseases, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, Gene Expression Profiling, Fatty liver, 0402 animal and dairy science, proteome map, two-dimensional electrophoresis, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, medicine.disease, 040201 dairy & animal science, Biotechnology, Fatty Liver, Liver metabolism, Ducks, waterfowl, business
Abstract

Biochemical Research Methods; International audience; In this review, an overview on proteomic studies conducted in livers of farm animals is conducted with a special focus on liver steatosis in waterfowl. Several studies had interest in understanding liver metabolism in dairy cows under various conditions (e.g. fasting) or the evolution of liver proteome during embryonic phases or growing periods in chicken. Those studies provide interesting results leading to a better understanding of the liver metabolism. Liver steatosis development in waterfowl represents a special case and a focus on proteomic studies conducted in these birds will be done. Indeed, recent studies aimed at resolving protein evolution during overfeeding in duck. Proteomic analysis combining two complementary approaches (2-dimensional electrophoresis gels and shot gun strategy) in order to better understand the mechanisms underlying the variability of cooking yield of fatty liver will be presented.

Published
2012
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