Author: "National Natural Science Foundation" / Publisher: hal ccsd - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"National Natural Science Foundation"' showing total 934 results

Start Over Author "National Natural Science Foundation" Publisher hal ccsd

934 results on '"National Natural Science Foundation"'

1. Constitutive model for soil-rock mixtures in the light of an updated skeleton void ratio concept

Author: Tao Wang, Sihong Liu, Antoine Wautier, François Nicot, Hohai University, Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.343 U1765205 and No. 51979091), Érosion torrentielle, neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), and This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U1765205 and No. 51979091).
Subjects: Flow rule direction, [SPI.GCIV.GEOTECH]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Géotechnique, [SPI.MECA.SOLID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Solid mechanics [physics.class-ph], Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Critical state line, Soil content, Constitutive modelling, Non-associated behavior, Soil-rock mixture, Constitutive modeling, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Skeleton void ratio, ZABR
Abstract: International audience; As a type of special geological body, soil-rock mixtures (SRMs) are widely found in nature and used in civil engineering. Many structures, such as rockfill dams, highways and tunnels, have used SRMs as building materials. Proper modeling of SRMs is of great importance to capture the complex behavior of this heterogeneous material. In this manuscript, a simple constitutive model incorporating the skeleton void ratio concept is proposed for SRMs with varying soil contents (sc). A prominent feature of the model is a unified description of the behavior of SRMs with varying sc such that only model parameters of pure rock and of pure soil are required. After calibration, the model shows a good capacity to predict the stress-strain response of SRMs under a wide range of sc, void ratios, and confining pressures. In particular, it captures well the non-associated behavior of rock-dominated SRMs with different sc. Furthermore, the sc-value is shown to modify the plastic flow direction of the material without influencing its yield surface.
Published: 2023

2. Nutrient-dependent regulation of β-cell proinsulin content

Author: Xiaoxi Xu, Anoop Arunagiri, Maroof Alam, Leena Haataja, Charles R. Evans, Ivy Zhao, Roberto Castro-Gutierrez, Holger A. Russ, Caroline Demangel, Ling Qi, Billy Tsai, Ming Liu, Peter Arvan, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Tianjin Medical University, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Immunobiologie et Thérapie - Immunobiology and Therapy, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of Michigan [Dearborn], This work was supported primarily by NIH R01 DK111174 (to LQ, BT, and PA) and DK48280 (to PA). The content of this manuscript is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Funding was also from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82000796), the PUMC Youth Fund supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (3332020080), the Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission (18JCQNJC82100), and the China Scholarship Council (201806940006) to XX, as well as the National Natural Science Foundation of China 81620108004 and 81830025, and the National Key R&D Program 2019YFA0802502 to M.L. The H.R. lab has been supported by NIH/NIDDK grants NIDDK RRID:SCR014393, and UC24 DK104162, R01DK12044, R01DK132387, and the JDRF. C.D. acknowledges core support from Institut Pasteur and INSERM (U1224).
Subjects: amino acids, endoplasmic reticulum, preproinsulin, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Cell Biology, phospho-eIF2α, biosynthesis, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry
Abstract: International audience; Insulin is made from proinsulin, but the extent to which fasting/feeding controls the homeostatically-regulated proinsulin pool in pancreatic β-cells remains largely unknown. Here, we first examined β-cell lines (INS1E and Min6, which proliferate slowly and are routinely fed fresh medium every 2-3 days) and found that the proinsulin pool size responds to each feeding within 1-2 hours; affected both by the quantity of fresh nutrients and the frequency with which they are provided. We observed no effect of nutrient feeding on the overall rate of proinsulin turnover as quantified from cycloheximide-chase experiments. We show that nutrient feeding is primarily linked to rapid de-phosphorylation of translation initiation factor eIF2α, presaging increased proinsulin levels (and thereafter, insulin levels), followed by its re-phosphorylation during the ensuing hours that correspond to a fall in proinsulin levels. The decline of proinsulin levels is blunted by the integrated stress response inhibitor, ISRIB, or by inhibition of eIF2α re-phosphorylation with a GCN2 (not PERK) kinase inhibitor. In addition, we demonstrate that amino acids contribute importantly to the proinsulin pool; mass spectrometry shows that β-cells avidly consume extracellular glutamine, serine, and cysteine. Finally, we show that in both rodent and human pancreatic islets, fresh nutrient availability dynamically increases preproinsulin, which can be quantified without pulse-labeling. Thus, the proinsulin available for insulin biosynthesis is rhythmically controlled by fasting/feeding cycles.
Published: 2023

3. Characteristics of hydraulic conductivity in mountain block systems and its effects on mountain block recharge: Insights from field investigation and numerical modeling

Author: Fu, Yunmei, Dong, Yanhui, Wang, Liheng, Bour, Olivier, Klepikova, Maria, Zong, Zihua, Xu, Zhifang, Zhou, Zhichao, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Innovation Academy for Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology (BRIUG), Innovation Center for Geological Disposal of High-level Radioactive Waste, Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP) (Grant No.2019QZKK0904), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant number: 41702273)., Key laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP) (Grant No.2019QZKK0904)., and National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (grant No41702273)
Subjects: mountain hydrogeology, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], Fractured aquifer, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, recharge Mountain hydrogeology, Mountain block, mountain block recharge, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: International audience; The process wherein groundwater flowing from mountain bedrock into lowland and adjacent alluvial aquifers, known as mountain-block recharge (MBR), is found across various climatic and geological settings. An understanding of the potential groundwater flow paths in mountain block systems is necessary for comprehending MBR spatial distribution. However, poorly characterized mountain block hydraulic properties, and especially a lack of direct measurements of hydraulic conductivity (K) at depths > 200 m, limit the characterization and quantifications of the MBR processes. In this study, we analyze hydraulic data set, namely 555 in-situ K measurements at various depths from two borehole sections extending from mountain block to mountain front in a potential disposal site for high-level radioactive waste. The K dataset was categorized into two groups: one for bedrock and another for fault zones, which was further classified into fault core K, damage zone K, and general fault zone K. Using a permeability conceptual model and multiple scenarios numerical modelling, this study examined the potential flow paths of MBR processes, mainly focusing on the characteristics of K in bedrocks and the hydraulic role of fault zones in mountain block systems. The distribution of Bedrock K supports the assumption of decreased trend with depth. A logarithmic fit through Bedrock K and depth pairs resulted in Log(K) = −1.62*Log(z) − 6.52, with low predictive power. This study illustrated the localized effects and spatially variable roles of fault zones in MBR within this particular hydrogeological configuration in Beishan, China. Our results provide insights into the MBR process in crystalline mountain block systems. Additionally, the hydraulic conductivity presented here provides data on the subsurface properties of mountain block systems in a crystalline area, and further facilitates the characterization and quantification of mountain-block recharge.
Published: 2022

4. Drought soil legacy alters drivers of plant diversity-productivity relationships in oldfield systems

Author: Nianxun Xi, Dongxia Chen, Michael Bahn, Hangyu Wu, Chengjin Chu, Marc W. Cadotte, Juliette M. G. Bloor, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), and National Natural Science Foundation of China grant 31600342 National Natural Science Foundation of China grant 31925027
Subjects: mesocosm experiment, Multidisciplinary, climate change, parasitic diseases, fungi, food and beverages, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecosystem functions, biodiversity
Abstract: International audience; Ecosystem functions are threatened by both recurrent droughts and declines in biodiversity at a global scale, but the drought dependency of diversity-productivity relationships remains poorly understood. Here, we use a two-phase mesocosm experiment with simulated drought and model oldfield communities (360 experimental mesocosms/plant communities) to examine drought-induced changes in soil microbial communities along a plant species richness gradient and to assess interactions between past drought (soil legacies) and subsequent drought on plant diversity-productivity relationships. We show that (i) drought decreases bacterial and fungal richness and modifies relationships between plant species richness and microbial groups; (ii) drought soil legacy increases net biodiversity effects, but responses of net biodiversity effects to plant species richness are unaffected; and (iii) linkages between plant species richness and complementarity/selection effects vary depending on past and subsequent drought. These results provide mechanistic insight into biodiversity-productivity relationships in a changing environment, with implications for the stability of ecosystem function under climate change.
Published: 2022

5. Controllable Li3PS4-Li4SnS4 solid electrolytes with affordable conductor and high conductivity for solid-state battery

Author: Dong, Pingping, Jiao, Qing, Zhang, Zengcheng, Jiang, Miao, Lin, Changgui, Zhang, Xianghua, Ma, Hongli, Ma, Baochen, Dai, Shixun, Xu, Tiefeng, Ningbo University (NBU), Ningbo Institute of Technology (NIT), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ningbo Institute of Oceanography, and National Natural Science Foundation of China National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [51972176]
Subjects: glass ceramics, low grain impedance, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, all-solid-state batteries, sulfide solid electrolyte
Abstract: International audience; High ionic conductivity, low grain boundary impedance, and stable electrochemical property have become the focus for all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries (ASSLSB). One of the approaches is to promote the rapid diffusion of lithium ions by regulating the chemical bond interactions within the framework. The structure control of P5+ substitution for Sn4+ on lithium-ion transport was explored for a series of Li3PS4-Li4SnS4 glass-ceramic electrolytes. Results showed that the grain boundary impedance of the glass electrolyte was reduced after heat treatments. The formation of LiSnPS microcrystals, a good superionic conductor, was detected by X-ray diffraction tests. Electrochemical experiments obtained the highest conductivity of 29.5 S cm(-1) at 100 degrees C and stable electrochemical window from -0.1 to 5 V at 25 degrees C. In addition, the cell battery was assembled with prepared electrolyte, which is promoted as a candidate solid electrolyte material with improved performance for ASSLSB.
Published: 2022

6. Responses of Soil Microbial Metabolic Activity and Community Structure to Different Degraded and Restored Grassland Gradients of the Tibetan Plateau

Author: Dangjun, Wang, Huakun, Zhou, Juan, Zuo, Peng, Chen, Yandi, She, Buqing, Yao, Shikui, Dong, Jianshuang, Wu, Fan, Li, Denis Mburu, Njoroge, Guoxi, Shi, Xufeng, Mao, Li, Ma, Zhonghua, Zhang, Zhun, Mao, WUHAN BOTANICAL GARDEN (WBG), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), Beijing Forestry University, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China, Tianshui Normal University, Qinghai Normal University, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (2019QZKK0302) to HZ and BY, The Qinghai Natural Science Foundation Innovation team Project (2021-ZJ-902) to HZ, LM, YS, BY, XM, GS, and ZZ, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Qinghai Provincial People’s Government (LHZX-2020-08) to HZ, LM, ZZ, and YS, Joint Research Project of Three-River-Resource National Park National Natural Science Foundation of China (U21A20186) to HZ, and National Natural Science Foundation of China (31860146) to GS.
Subjects: [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, degradation gradient, soil properties, artificial grassland establishment, food and beverages, natural sciences, Plant Science, alpine grassland, microbial community, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, complex mixtures
Abstract: International audience; Climate change and land-use disturbances are supposed to have severely affected the degraded alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau. Artificial grassland establishment has been implemented as a restoration tool against grassland degradation. However, the impact of such degradation and restoration processes on soil microbial communities and soil quality is not clearly understood. Here, we aim to investigate how the dynamics of microbial community and soil quality of alpine grasslands respond to a gradient of degradation and that of restoration, respectively. We conducted a randomised experiment with four degradation stages (light, moderate, heavy, and extreme degradation) and three restoration stages (artificial restoration for 1, 5, and 10 years). We analysed the abundance and diversity of soil bacteria and fungi, and measured soil nutrients, enzymatic activity and microbial biomass. The concentration of soil nitrogen (TN), soil organic matter (OM) in heavy degraded grassland decreased significantly by 37.4 and 45.08% compared with that in light degraded grassland. TN and OM in 10-years restored grassland also increased significantly by 33.10 and 30.42% compared to that in 1-year restored grassland. Four soil enzymatic activity indicators related to microbial biomass decreased with degradation gradient and increased with recovery time (i.e., restoration gradient). Both bacterial and fungal community structure was significantly different among grassland degradation or restoration successional stages. The LEfSe analysis revealed that 29 fungal clades and 9 bacterial clades were susceptible to degraded succession, while16 fungal clades and 5 bacterial clades were susceptible to restoration succession. We conclude that soil quality (TN, OM, and enzymatic activity) deteriorated significantly in heavy degraded alpine grassland. Soil microbial community structure of alpine is profoundly impacted by both degradation and restoration processes, fungal communities are more sensitive to grassland succession than bacterial communities. Artificial grasslands can be used as an effective method of restoring degraded grassland, but the soil functions of artificial grassland, even after 10 years of recovery, cannot be restored to the original state of alpine grassland.
Published: 2022

7. Tibetan Plateau made central Asian drylands move northward, concentrate in narrow latitudinal bands, and increase in intensity during the Cenozoic

Author: Ran Zhang, Zhongshi Zhang, Dabang Jiang, Gilles Ramstein, Guillaume Dupont‐Nivet, Xiangyu Li, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), China University of Geosciences [Wuhan] (CUG), jerknes Center for Climate Research, National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing, 100085, China, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, National Natural Science Foundation of China (41888101), Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA20070103), National Natural Science Foundation of China (42071113 and 41775088)., Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universität Potsdam
Subjects: Geophysics, Cenozoic, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Climate modeling, Central Asian drylands, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tibetan Plateau
Abstract: International audience; The evolution of central Asian drylands during the Cenozoic is a hot topic in paleoclimate research, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we investigate this topic with climate modeling based on six key geological periods. Our results indicate that central Asian drylands have existed since the early Eocene, after which they move northward and become narrower. Although changed land-sea distribution and decreased atmospheric CO2 concentration promote the aridification of drylands, they only slightly affect the latitudinal distribution of drylands. By comparison, the growth of Asian high-topography areas, especially the Tibetan Plateau (TP), makes central Asian drylands move northward, concentrate in narrow latitudinal bands, and increase in intensity. Good model-data qualitative agreement is obtained for stepwise aridification in midlatitude inland Asia north of ~40°N, and the uplifted main and northern TP by the early Miocene likely forced drylands to change in this region.
Published: 2022

8. Collisional line-shape effects in accurate He-perturbed H-2 spectra

Author: Samir Kassi, Hubert Jóźwiak, Michał Słowiński, Franck Thibault, Piotr S. Żuchowski, Shui-Ming Hu, An-Wen Liu, Maciej Gancewski, Nikodem Stolarczyk, Jin Wang, Piotr Wcisło, Yan Tan, Alain Campargue, Roman Ciuryło, Konrad Patkowski, Kamil Stankiewicz, Nicolaus Copernicus University [Toruń], University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique [Saint Martin d’Hères] (LIPhy ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Auburn University (AU), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), A next-generation worldwide quantum sensor network with optical atomic clocks project carried out within the TEAM IV Programme of the Foundation for Polish Science - European Union under the European Regional Development Fund, National Science Centre, PolandNational Science Centre, Poland [2018/31/B/ST2/00720, 2019/35/B/ST2/01118], National Natural Science Foundation of China National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [21688102], Agence Nationale de la Recherche French National Research Agency (ANR)European Commission [Equipex REFIMEVE ANR-11-EQPX-0 039], U.S. National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation (NSF) [CHE-1955328], Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange under the PHC Polonium program Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (NAWA) [dec. PPN/X/PS/318/2018], COST Action European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) [CM1405 MOLIM], ANR-11-EQPX-0039,REFIMEVE+,RESEAU FIBRE METROLOGIQUE A VOCATION EUROPEENNE +(2011), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Radiation, 010304 chemical physics, Dicke effect, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Spectral line, Molecular hydrogen, chemistry, Distortion, 0103 physical sciences, Spectral line shape, Atomic and molecular collisions, Atomic physics, Hydrogen absorption, Quantum dynamics, 010306 general physics, Collisional line-shape effects, Molecular physics, ab initio quantum-scattering Calculations, Spectroscopy, Helium, Line (formation)
Abstract: International audience; We investigate collisional line-shape effects that are present in highly accurate experimental spectra of the 3-0 S(1) and 2-0 Q(1) molecular hydrogen absorption lines perturbed by helium. We clearly distin-guish the influence of six different collisional effects (i.e.: collisional broadening and shift, their speed dependencies and the complex Dicke effect) on the shapes of H-2 lines. We demonstrate that only a very specific combination of these six contributions, determined from our ab initio calculations, gives unprece-dentedly good agreement with experimental spectra. If any of the six contributions is neglected, then the experiment-theory comparison deteriorates at least several times. We also analyze the influence of the centrifugal distortion on our ab initio calculations and we demonstrate that the inclusion of this effect slightly improves the agreement with the experimental spectra. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Published: 2022

9. In-situ growth of high room temperature thermoelectric performance Ag2Se thin films

Author: Junyu Niu, Tianbao Chen, Guangxing Liang, Hongli Ma, Xianghua Zhang, Ping Fan, Zhuanghao Zheng, Shenzhen University, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Natural Science Foundation of China National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [11604212], National Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong of China [2020A1515010515], and Science and Technology plan project of Shenzhen [20200811230408001]
Subjects: Physical vapour deposition, Mechanics of Materials, Mechanical Engineering, Thin films, Electrical properties, General Materials Science, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract: International audience; In this work, well-crystalline Ag2Se thermoelectric thin film with high power factor at room temperature was successfully fabricated at solid substrate by a facile in-situ growth method via co-evaporation deposition. Microstructure characterizations show that the thin films prepared under proper growth temperature have single alpha-Ag2Se phase and stable chemical valence states, leading to a high electrical conductivity. Additionally, the carrier concentration is optimized after adjusting growth temperature and further contributes to a high Seebeck coefficient. As a result, a maximum power factor of 15.34 mu Wcm(-1)K(-2) is achieved, demonstrating that our in-situ growth method is an effective way to fabricate high performance Ag2Se thermoelectric thin films.
Published: 2022

10. Reduced El Niño variability in the mid-Pliocene according to the PlioMIP2 ensemble

Author: Sathyanadh, Anusha, Monteil, Guillaume, Scholze, Marko, Klosterhalfen, Anne, Laudon, Hjalmar, Wu, Zhendong, Gerbig, Christoph, Peters, Wouter, Bastrikov, Vladislav, Nilsson, Mats, Peichl, Matthias, Oldeman, Arthur, Baatsen, Michiel, von Der Heydt, Anna, Dijkstra, Henk, Tindall, Julia, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Booth, Alice, Brady, Esther, Chan, Wing-Le, Chandan, Deepak, Chandler, Mark, Contoux, Camille, Feng, Ran, Guo, Chuncheng, Haywood, Alan, Hunter, Stephen, Kamae, Youichi, Li, Qiang, Li, Xiangyu, Lohmann, Gerrit, Lunt, Daniel, Nisancioglu, Kerim, Otto-Bliesner, Bette, Peltier, W, Pontes, Gabriel, Ramstein, Gilles, Sohl, Linda, Stepanek, Christian, Tan, Ning, Zhang, Qiong, Zhang, Zhongshi, Wainer, Ilana, Williams, Charles, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This research has been supported by the Netherlands Earth System Science Centre (OCW (grant no. 024.002.001)), The work by Arthur M. Oldeman, Anna S. von der Heydt, Michiel L. J. Baatsen and Henk A. Dijkstra was carried out under the program of the Netherlands Earth System Science Centre (NESSC), financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW grant no. 024.002.001). Simulations with CCSM4-Utr were performed at the SURFsara Dutch national computing facilities and were sponsored by NWO-EW (Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Exact Sciences) (project no. 17189).Alan M. Haywood, Julia C. Tindall and Stephen J. Hunter acknowledge the FP7 Ideas programme from the European Research Council (grant no. PLIO-ESS, 278636), the Past Earth Network (EPSRC grant no. EP/M008.363/1) and the University of Leeds Advanced Research Computing service. Julia C. Tindall was also supported through the Centre for Environmental Modelling and Computation (CEMAC), University of Leeds.Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Esther C. Brady and Ran Feng acknowledge that material for their participation is based upon work supported by the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is a major facility sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) (cooperative agreement no. 1852977 and NSF OPP grant no. 1418411). Ran Feng is also supported by NSF grant no. 1903650. The CESM project is supported primarily by the National Science Foundation. Computing and data storage resources, including the Cheyenne supercomputer (https://doi.org/10.5065/D6RX99HX), were provided by the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at NCAR. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.Ning Tan, Camille Contoux and Gilles Ramstein were granted access to the HPC resources of TGCC under the allocations 2016-A0030107732, 2017-R0040110492 and 2018-R0040110492 (gencmip6) and 2019-A0050102212 (gen2212) provided by GENCI. The IPSL-CM6 team of the IPSL Climate Modelling Centre (https://cmc.ipsl.fr/, last access: 28 April 2021) is acknowledged for having developed, tested, evaluated and tuned the IPSL climate model, as well as having performed and published the CMIP6 experiments.Christian Stepanek acknowledges funding from the Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM. Christian Stepanek and Gerrit Lohmann acknowledge funding via the Alfred Wegener Institute’s research programme Marine, Coastal and Polar Systems.Qiong Zhang acknowledges support from the Swedish Research Council (2013-06476 and 2017-04232). Simulations with EC-Earth were performed on resources provided by the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at the National Supercomputer Centre (NSC).Wing-Le Chan and Ayako Abe-Ouchi acknowledge funding from JSPS (KAKENHI grant no. 17H06104 and MEXT KAKENHI grant no. 17H06323). Their simulations with MIROC4m were performed on the Earth Simulator at JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan.W. Richard Peltier and Deepak Chandan wish to acknowledge that data they have contributed from the CCSM4-UoT model was produced with the support of Canadian NSERC Discovery Grant A9627 t WRP, and they wish to acknowledge the support of the SciNet HPC Consortium for providing computing facilities. SciNet is funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation under the auspices of Compute Canada, the Government of Ontario, the Ontario Research Fund – Research Excellence and the University of Toronto.Zhongshi Zhang and Xiangyu Li acknowledge financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 42005042), the China Scholarship Council (201804910023) and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (project no. 2015M581154). The NorESM simulations benefitted from resources provided by UNINETT Sigma2 – the National Infrastructure for High Performance Computing and Data Storage in Norway.Charles J. R. Williams and Dan Lunt are thankful for NERC grant NE/P01903X/1 and the NEXCS High Performance Computing facility funded by the Natural Environment Research Council and delivered by the Met Office.Gabriel M. Pontes and Ilana Wainer acknowledge the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP 2016/23670-0)., Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science [Lund], Lund University [Lund], Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Meteorology and Air Quality Department [Wageningen] (MAQ), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), and The work by Arthur M. Oldeman, Anna S. von der Heydt, Michiel L. J. Baatsen and Henk A. Dijkstra was carried out under the program of the Netherlands Earth System Science Centre (NESSC), financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (OCW grant no. 024.002.001). Simulations with CCSM4-Utr were performed at the SURFsara Dutch national computing facilities and were sponsored by NWO-EW (Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Exact Sciences) (project no. 17189).Alan M. Haywood, Julia C. Tindall and Stephen J. Hunter acknowledge the FP7 Ideas programme from the European Research Council (grant no. PLIO-ESS, 278636), the Past Earth Network (EPSRC grant no. EP/M008.363/1) and the University of Leeds Advanced Research Computing service. Julia C. Tindall was also supported through the Centre for Environmental Modelling and Computation (CEMAC), University of Leeds.Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Esther C. Brady and Ran Feng acknowledge that material for their participation is based upon work supported by the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is a major facility sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) (cooperative agreement no. 1852977 and NSF OPP grant no. 1418411). Ran Feng is also supported by NSF grant no. 1903650. The CESM project is supported primarily by the National Science Foundation. Computing and data storage resources, including the Cheyenne supercomputer (https://doi.org/10.5065/D6RX99HX), were provided by the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) NCAR . NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.Ning Tan, Camille Contoux and Gilles Ramstein were granted access to the HPC resources of TGCC under the allocations 2016-A0030107732, 2017-R0040110492 and 2018-R0040110492 (gencmip6) and 2019-A0050102212 (gen2212) provided by GENCI. The IPSL-CM6 team of the IPSL Climate Modelling Centre (https://cmc.ipsl.fr/, last access: 28 April 2021) is acknowledged for having developed, tested, evaluated and tuned the IPSL climate model, as well as having performed and published the CMIP6 experiments.Christian Stepanek acknowledges funding from the Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM. Christian Stepanek and Gerrit Lohmann acknowledge funding via the Alfred Wegener Institute’s research programme Marine, Coastal and Polar Systems.Qiong Zhang acknowledges support from the Swedish Research Council (2013-06476 and 2017-04232). Simulations with EC-Earth were performed on resources provided by the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at the National Supercomputer Centre (NSC).Wing-Le Chan and Ayako Abe-Ouchi acknowledge funding from JSPS (KAKENHI grant no. 17H06104 and MEXT KAKENHI grant no. 17H06323). Their simulations with MIROC4m were performed on the Earth Simulator at JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan.W. Richard Peltier and Deepak Chandan wish to acknowledge that data they have contributed from the CCSM4-UoT model was produced with the support of Canadian NSERC Discovery Grant A9627 t WRP, and they wish to acknowledge the support of the SciNet HPC Consortium for providing computing facilities. SciNet is funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation under the auspices of Compute Canada, the Government of Ontario, the Ontario Research Fund – Research Excellence and the University of Toronto.Zhongshi Zhang and Xiangyu Li acknowledge financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 42005042), the China Scholarship Council (201804910023) and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (project no. 2015M581154). The NorESM simulations benefitted from resources provided by UNINETT Sigma2 – the National Infrastructure for High Performance Computing and Data Storage in Norway.Charles J. R. Williams and Dan Lunt are thankful for NERC grant NE/P01903X/1 and the NEXCS High Performance Computing facility funded by the Natural Environment Research Council and delivered by the Met Office.Gabriel M. Pontes and Ilana Wainer acknowledge the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP 2016/23670-0).
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stratigraphy, 0207 environmental engineering, Empirical orthogonal functions, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Environmental protection, Environmental pollution, TD169-171.8, GE1-350, 14. Life underwater, 020701 environmental engineering, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, Spatial structure, Palaeontology, Ensemble average, Paleontology, Environmental sciences, Sea surface temperature, Amplitude, El Niño Southern Oscillation, El Niño, TD172-193.5, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental science, Climate model, OCEANOGRAFIA
Abstract: The mid-Pliocene warm period (3.264–3.025 Ma) is the most recent geological period during which atmospheric CO2 levels were similar to recent historical values (∼400 ppm). Several proxy reconstructions for the mid-Pliocene show highly reduced zonal sea surface temperature (SST) gradients in the tropical Pacific Ocean, indicating an El Niño-like mean state. However, past modelling studies do not show these highly reduced gradients. Efforts to understand mid-Pliocene climate dynamics have led to the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP). Results from the first phase (PlioMIP1) showed clear El Niño variability (albeit significantly reduced) and did not show the greatly reduced time-mean zonal SST gradient suggested by some of the proxies. In this work, we study El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability in the PlioMIP2 ensemble, which consists of additional global coupled climate models and updated boundary conditions compared to PlioMIP1. We quantify ENSO amplitude, period, spatial structure and “flavour”, as well as the tropical Pacific annual mean state in mid-Pliocene and pre-industrial simulations. Results show a reduced ENSO amplitude in the model-ensemble mean (−24 %) with respect to the pre-industrial, with 15 out of 17 individual models showing such a reduction. Furthermore, the spectral power of this variability considerably decreases in the 3–4-year band. The spatial structure of the dominant empirical orthogonal function shows no particular change in the patterns of tropical Pacific variability in the model-ensemble mean, compared to the pre-industrial. Although the time-mean zonal SST gradient in the equatorial Pacific decreases for 14 out of 17 models (0.2 ∘C reduction in the ensemble mean), there does not seem to be a correlation with the decrease in ENSO amplitude. The models showing the most “El Niño-like” mean state changes show a similar ENSO amplitude to that in the pre-industrial reference, while models showing more “La Niña-like” mean state changes generally show a large reduction in ENSO variability. The PlioMIP2 results show a reasonable agreement with both time-mean proxies indicating a reduced zonal SST gradient and reconstructions indicating a reduced, or similar, ENSO variability.
Published: 2021

11. Unsupervised Contrastive Learning of Radiomics and Deep Features for Label-Efficient Tumor Classification

Author: Ziteng Zhao, Guanyu Yang, Laboratory of Image Science and Technology [Nanjing] (LIST), Southeast University [Jiangsu]-School of Computer Science and Engineering, Centre de Recherche en Information Biomédicale sino-français (CRIBS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Southeast University [Jiangsu]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), National Natural Science Foundation National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [31571001, 61828101], DeBruijne, Cattin, PC, Cotin, Padoy, Speidel, Zheng, Essert, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Southeast University [Jiangsu]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Self-supervised learning, Decision support system, Computer science, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Convolutional neural network, Tumor heterogeneity, Task (project management), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Radiomics, Representation (mathematics), 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Unsupervised contrastive learning, business.industry, Deep learning, Tumor classification, 3. Good health, ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION, Feature (computer vision), 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Artificial intelligence, business, computer
Abstract: International audience; Background - During the COVID-19 pandemic people were asked to keep interpersonal distance, wash their hands and avoid gatherings of people. But, do people understand how much a change of the distance to a virus infected person means for the exposure to that person's virus? To answer this question, we studied how people perceive virus exposure from an infected person at different distances and lengths of a conversation. Method - An online questionnaire was distributed to 101 participants drawn from the general US population. Participants judged perceived virus exposure at different interpersonal distances to an infected person in a face to face conversation of different lengths of time. A model based on empirical and theoretical studies of dispersion of particles in the air was used to estimate a person's objective virus exposure during different times and distances from a virus source. The model and empirical data show that exposure changes with the square of the distance and linearly with time. Results - A majority (78%) of the participants underestimated the effects on virus exposure following a change of interpersonal distance. The dominating bias was assuming that exposure varies linearly with distance. To illustrate, an approach to a virus source from 6 to 2 feet was judged to give a 3 times higher exposure but, objectively it is 9 times. By way of contrast, perceptions of exposure as a function of the duration of a conversation were unbiased. The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus is likely to be followed by other pandemics also caused by airborne Corona or other viruses. Therefore, the results are important for administrators when designing risk communications to the general public and workers in the health care sector about social distancing and infection risks. Conclusions - People quite drastically underestimate the increase in virus exposure following an approach to a virus infected person. They also overestimate exposure after a move away from an infected person. For public health reasons, the correct function connecting distance with virus exposure should be communicated to the general public to avoid deliberate violations of recommended interpersonal distances. Supplementary information - The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44155-022-00027-9.
Published: 2021

12. Radiolytic approach for efficient, selective and catalyst‐free CO2 conversion at room temperature

Author: Yunlong Wang, Mehran Mostafavi, Sergey A. Denisov, Jacqueline Belloni, Gan Pingping, Sophie Le Caër, Qiuhao Li, Jun Ma, Changjiang Hu, Sarah Al Gharib, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics [Nanjing] (NUAA), Institut de Chimie Physique (ICP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire sur l'Organisation Nanométrique et Supramoléculaire (LIONS), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.11975122, 21906083), National Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK.2019030384), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Radical, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Photochemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Oxalate, 0104 chemical sciences, Ion, Catalysis, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Yield (chemistry), Oxidizing agent, Radiolysis, Formate, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: The present study proposes a new approach for direct CO 2 conversion using primary radicals from water irradiation. In order to ensure reduction of CO 2 into CO 2 •- by all the hydrated electrons, we use formate ions to scavenge simultaneously the parent oxidizing radicals H • and OH • producing the same transient CO 2 •- radicals. Conditions are optimized to obtain the highest conversion yield of CO 2 . The goal is achieved under mild conditions of room temperature, neutral pH and 1 atm of CO 2 pressure. All the available radicals are exploited for selectively converting CO 2 into oxalate that is accompanied by H 2 evolution. Besides, at high CO 2 pressure, CO is also produced via presolvated electron scavenging and the H • radicals with CO 2 •- . The mechanism presented accounts for the results and also sheds light on the data in the literature. The radiolytic approach is a mild and scalable route of direct CO 2 capture at the source in industry and the products, oxalate salt and H 2 , can be easily separated.
Published: 2021

13. Plasma Metabolomics for Discovery of Early Metabolic Markers of Prostate Cancer Based on Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Author: Mohamed N. Triba, Adrien Rossary, Serge Hercberg, Aicha Demidem, L. Lécuyer, Pilar Galan, Philippe Savarin, Xinyu Liu, Tony Lionel Palama, Mathilde Touvier, Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy, Guowang Xu, Marie-Paule Vasson, Zhicheng Liu, Xiangping Lin, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Equipe 3: EREN- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (CRESS - U1153), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Anhui University [Hefei], Centre Jean Perrin [Clermont-Ferrand] (UNICANCER/CJP), UNICANCER, French Ministry of Higher Education, Research and InnovationNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)21934006Appeared in source as:National Natural Science Foundation of China21876169Appeared in source as:National Natural Science Foundation of China, ROSSI, Sabine, and Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Oncology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Prostate cancer, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Metabolomics, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, Internal medicine, Partial least squares regression, Medicine, Carnitine, RC254-282, Receiver operating characteristic, business.industry, Cholesterol, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, biomarkers, medicine.disease, prostate cancer, metabolomics, 3. Good health, LC-MS, 030104 developmental biology, multivariate analysis, chemistry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cohort, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background: The prevention and early screening of PCa is highly dependent on the identification of new biomarkers. In this study, we investigated whether plasma metabolic profiles from healthy males provide novel early biomarkers associated with future risk of PCa. Methods: Using the Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux Antioxydants (SU.VI.MAX) cohort, we identified plasma samples collected from 146 PCa cases up to 13 years prior to diagnosis and 272 matched controls. Plasma metabolic profiles were characterized using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). Results: Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) discriminated PCa cases from controls, with a median area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AU-ROC) of 0.92 using a 1000-time repeated random sub-sampling validation. Sparse Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (sPLS-DA) identified the top 10 most important metabolites (p &lt, 0.001) discriminating PCa cases from controls. Among them, phosphate, ethyl oleate, eicosadienoic acid were higher in individuals that developed PCa than in the controls during the follow-up. In contrast, 2-hydroxyadenine, sphinganine, L-glutamic acid, serotonin, 7-keto cholesterol, tiglyl carnitine, and sphingosine were lower. Conclusion: Our results support the dysregulation of amino acids and sphingolipid metabolism during the development of PCa. After validation in an independent cohort, these signatures may promote the development of new prevention and screening strategies to identify males at future risk of PCa.
Published: 2021

14. The mid-Miocene Zhangpu biota reveals an outstandingly rich rainforest biome in East Asia

Author: Qi Zhang, Jochen Heinrichs, Hong Pang, Cihang Luo, Mónica M. Solórzano-Kraemer, Michael S. Engel, Chunpeng Xu, M. Jared Thomas, Eva-Maria Sadowski, Jun Chen, Robert A. Spicer, Sam W. Heads, Alexander R. Schmidt, Tingting Yu, Cédric Chény, Dany Azar, Xingyue Liu, Vincent Perrichot, Bo Wang, Qingqing Zhang, Taiping Gao, Gongle Shi, Ye Liu, Jacek Szwedo, Haichun Zhang, Daran Zheng, Zixi Wang, Adam Ślipiński, André Nel, Kathrin Feldberg, State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 423862824, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, NE/P013805/1, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, 90946, Volkswagen Foundation, 41688103, 41772014, National Natural Science Foundation of China, FE 1240/2-1, National Natural Science Foundation of China, XDB26000000, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2017359, Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Earth science, Environmental Studies, Biome, Global warming, Holocene climatic optimum, Biodiversity, SciAdv r-articles, Biota, Rainforest, 15. Life on land, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geography, 13. Climate action, Period (geology), [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Research Articles, Megathermal, Research Article, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The Zhangpu biota provides a new insight into biodiversity redistribution during the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum., During the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum [MMCO, ~14 to 17 million years (Ma) ago], global temperatures were similar to predicted temperatures for the coming century. Limited megathermal paleoclimatic and fossil data are known from this period, despite its potential as an analog for future climate conditions. Here, we report a rich middle Miocene rainforest biome, the Zhangpu biota (~14.7 Ma ago), based on material preserved in amber and associated sedimentary rocks from southeastern China. The record shows that the mid-Miocene rainforest reached at least 24.2°N and was more widespread than previously estimated. Our results not only highlight the role of tropical rainforests acting as evolutionary museums for biodiversity at the generic level but also suggest that the MMCO probably strongly shaped the East Asian biota via the northern expansion of the megathermal rainforest biome. The Zhangpu biota provides an ideal snapshot for biodiversity redistribution during global warming.
Published: 2021

15. The fabrication of nanodiamond doped tellurite germanate glass with robust structure and its luminescence

Author: Junjie Zhang, Ying Tian, Haiyong Gan, Renguang Ye, Tanghan Chen, Yayan Xu, Shiqing Xu, Zhanling Lu, China Jiliang University (CJLU), Zhengzhou University, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [61775205, 51872270, 61975193, 51702307], National Key Research and Development Project of China [2018YFE0207700], Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang and Science and Technology Innovation Platform and Talent Plan of Zhejiang, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)
Subjects: Fabrication, Photoluminescence, Materials science, Nanoparticle, nanodiamond, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, nitrogen-vacancy, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Quantum metrology, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Germanate, Nanodiamond, 010302 applied physics, business.industry, Doping, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, composite material, nitrogen vacancy, Ceramics and Composites, Optoelectronics, photoluminescence, 0210 nano-technology, Luminescence, business, tellurite
Abstract: International audience; Fluorescence of negative-charged nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamond allows applications in quantum metrology, nanoscale sensor, and bioimaging, of utmost relevance to domains from nanotechnologies to biosensing. However, the low color center content and collection efficiency of photons are crucial issues. Although, several studies about coupling nanodiamond into optical waveguides have already been proposed, the search for the most appropriate substance and simplest, most effective method are of keys. In this study, we present a novel nontraditional way to incorporate nanodiamond with increased negative-charged nitrogen-vacancy content to 75.48% into tellurite germanate glass. The hybrid glass is stable in structure with predominant TeO4 trigonal bipyramid. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity is enhanced in composite. Such robust nanodiamond in tellurite germanate glass optical system has the potential to be used for nanoparticle sensing and quantum metrology.
Published: 2021

16. Tectonic controls on surface erosion rates in the Longmen Shan, Eastern Tibet

Author: Zhigang Li, Karim Keddadouche, Jinyu Zhang, Wenqian Yao, Sheng Xu, Jing Liu-Zeng, Georges Aumaître, Zhaode Yuan, Vincent Godard, Didier Bourlès, Wei Wang, State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration (CEA), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Tianjin University (TJU), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geodynamics and Geohazards, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, and National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). Grant Number: 41902215, Funds for International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China. Grant Number: 41761144065, National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). Grant Number: 41772209, National Natural Science Foundation of China. Grant Number: 42030305
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, active fault, Active fault, 15. Life on land, Fault (geology), Eastern Tibetan Plateau, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Tectonics, tectonic, Geophysics, denudation rate, Denudation, Geochemistry and Petrology, Longmen Shan, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Erosion, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, Longmen shan, Geomorphology, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; 10 Be-derived catchment-wide denudation rates are positively correlated with topographic indices in the southern Longmen Shan.  Erosion rates are consistent over short-and long-term timescales across the Longmen Shan, suggesting an exhumational steady state.  Rock uplift pattern and topographic evolution across the Longmen Shan have been largely controlled by upper crustal shortening and fault geometry.
Published: 2021

17. A GWAS in Latin Americans identifies novel face shape loci, implicating VPS13B and a Denisovan introgressed region in facial variation

Author: Tábita Hünemeier, Andres Ruiz-Linares, Samuel Canizales-Quinteros, Christel Thauvin-Robinet, Betty Bonfante, Juan Camilo Chacón-Duque, Laurence Duplomb, Charlotte Montillot, Sagnik Palmal, Javier Mendoza-Revilla, Justin Cotney, Laurence Faivre, Seth M. Weinberg, Victor Acuña-Alonzo, Emma Wentworth, Philip H. Jones, Claudia Jaramillo, Caroline Costedoat, Morgane Dubied, David J. Balding, Manfred Kayser, Pierre Faux, Francisco Rothhammer, Mirsha Sánchez-Quinto, Carla Gallo, Paola Everardo-Martínez, Macarena Fuentes-Guajardo, Evie Stergiakouli, Pirro G. Hysi, Ziyi Xiong, Giovanni Poletti, Ceferino Varón-González, Rodrigo Barquera, Maria Cátira Bortolini, Laurence J. Howe, Lauriane Poloni, Rolando González-José, Valeria Villegas, Malena Hurtado, Kaustubh Adhikari, William Arias, Vanessa Granja, Lavinia Schuler-Faccini, Virginia Ramallo, John R. Shaffer, Timothy C. Cox, Tim D. Spector, Gabriel Bedoya, Hugo Villamil-Ramírez, Caio Cesar Silva de Cerqueira, Fan Liu, Binnaz Yalcin, Jorge Gómez-Valdés, Nicolas Navarro, Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé (ADES), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-EFS ALPES MEDITERRANEE-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Génétique Evolutive Humaine - Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Equipe GAD (LNC - U1231), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Agro Dijon, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Agro Dijon, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of Connecticut Health Center [Farmington], Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), University College of London [London] (UCL), Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Universidad de Tarapaca, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Universidad de Antioquia = University of Antioquia [Medellín, Colombia], National School of Anthropology and History [Mexico City, Mexico] (NSAH), Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Scientific Police of São Paulo State [Ourinhos, Brazil], Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), Centro Nacional Patagónico (CENPAT), Beijing Genomics Institute [Shenzhen] (BGI), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), University of Pittsburgh (PITT), Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), University of Bristol [Bristol], King‘s College London, FHU TRANSLAD (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), University of Melbourne, University of Missouri [Kansas City] (UMKC), University of Missouri System, The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Fudan University [Shanghai], Work leading to this publication was funded by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (#31771393), the Scientific and Technology Committee of Shanghai Municipality (18490750300), the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2020YFE0201600), the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2017SHZDZX01) and the 111 Project (B13016), the Leverhulme Trust (F/07 134/DF), BBSRC (BB/I021213/1), the Excellence Initiative of Aix-Marseille University–A*MIDEX (a French 'Investissements d’Avenir' program), Universidad de Antioquia (CODI sostenibilidad de grupos 2013-2014 and MASO 2013-2014), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Apoio a Núcleos de Excelência Program), Fundação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R01-DE027023, U01-DE020078, R01-DE016148, and X01-HG007821), and a Santander Research and Scholarship Award. B.B. is supported by a doctoral scholarship from Ecole Doctorale 251 Aix-Marseille Université., ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo (LID), Unit of Human Evolutionary Genetics, Centre de génétique - Centre de référence des maladies rares, anomalies du développement et syndromes malformatifs (CHU de Dijon), Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut (UCONN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Department of Genetic Identification, Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Division of Vertebrates and Anthropology, Genética Molecular (GENMOL), Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National School of Anthropology and History, Department of Archaeogenetics [Jena] (DAG), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Forensic Science, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Unidad de Genomica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Scientific Police of São Paulo State, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS)-Instituto de Biociencias, Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine [Beijing, China], Beijing Genomics Institute [Shenzhen] (BGI)-University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Department of Human Genetics, Department of Anthropology, Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of the West of England [Bristol] (UWE Bristol), School of Oral and Dental Sciences, Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, Facultad de Medicina & Instituto de Alta Investigacion, Universidad de Tarapaca-Universidade de Chile, Melbourne Integrative Genomics, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne-University of Melbourne, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Missouri System-University of Missouri System, School of Mathematics and Statistics [Milton Keynes], Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics [Milton Keynes], The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU)-The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), State Key Laboratory of Genetics Engineering & MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University [Shanghai]-School of Life Sciences, Work leading to this publication was funded by grantsfrom the National Natural Science Foundation of China (#31771393), the Scientific andTechnology Committee of Shanghai Municipality (18490750300), the Ministry ofScience and Technology of China (2020YFE0201600), the Shanghai Municipal Scienceand Technology Major Project (2017SHZDZX01) and the 111 Project (B13016), theLeverhulme Trust (F/07 134/DF), BBSRC (BB/I021213/1), the Excellence Initiative ofAix-Marseille University–A*MIDEX (a French 'Investissements d’Avenir' program),Universidad de Antioquia (CODI sostenibilidad de grupos 2013-2014 and MASO 2013-2014), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico,Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Apoio a Núcleos deExcelência Program), Fundação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, theNational Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R01-DE027023, U01-DE020078,R01-DE016148, and X01-HG007821), and a Santander Research and Scholarship Award.B.B. is supported by a doctoral scholarship from Ecole Doctorale 251 Aix-MarseilleUniversité., and Genetic Identification
Subjects: haplotype, Latin Americans, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Vesicular Transport Proteins, Genome-wide association study, Genome-wide association studies, Regulatory sequences, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Native Americans, single nucleotide polymorphism, GWAS, 10. No inequality, Two-dimensional profiles, Research Articles, Mammals, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, adult, article, SciAdv r-articles, Genomic regions, Hispanic or Latino, craniofacial development, VPS13B, GENÉTICA, Phenotype, American Indian, regulatory sequence, HUMAN POPULATION, Research Article, Morphology, Latin americans, Genotype, animal experiment, introgression, Introgression, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Homo denisovan, 03 medical and health sciences, male, Animals, Humans, controlled study, human, Craniofacial, Facial feature, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], Denisovan, Gene, mouse, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, nonhuman, genome-wide association study, Haplotype, face, Human Genetics, Single nucleotide polymorphisms, biology.organism_classification, photography, thickness, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.01.02 [https], facies, DENOSIVAN HAPLOTYPE, Evolutionary biology, Anthropology, Face, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.06.07 [https], Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: We carried out a genome-wide association study in Latin Americans and identified novel face morphology loci.., To characterize the genetic basis of facial features in Latin Americans, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of more than 6000 individuals using 59 landmark-based measurements from two-dimensional profile photographs and ~9,000,000 genotyped or imputed single-nucleotide polymorphisms. We detected significant association of 32 traits with at least 1 (and up to 6) of 32 different genomic regions, more than doubling the number of robustly associated face morphology loci reported until now (from 11 to 23). These GWAS hits are strongly enriched in regulatory sequences active specifically during craniofacial development. The associated region in 1p12 includes a tract of archaic adaptive introgression, with a Denisovan haplotype common in Native Americans affecting particularly lip thickness. Among the nine previously unidentified face morphology loci we identified is the VPS13B gene region, and we show that variants in this region also affect midfacial morphology in mice.
Published: 2021

18. Accounting for mesophyll conductance substantially improves 13 C‐based estimates of intrinsic water‐use efficiency

Author: Xiao Ying Gong, Xu Ming Wang, Hans Schnyder, Rudi Schäufele, Wei Ting Ma, Guillaume Tcherkez, Yusheng Yang, College of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) : NSFC 31870377, National Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province : 2018A030313450, and German Research Foundation (DFG) : SCHN 557/7-1 : SCHN 557/9-1.
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Stomatal conductance, Physiology, mesophyll conductance, Soil science, Plant Science, Photosynthesis, 01 natural sciences, transpiration, 03 medical and health sciences, stable isotope, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, 13 C discrimination, water-use efficiency, Water-use efficiency, Transpiration, Mathematics, photosynthesis, Stable isotope ratio, drought stress, Conductance, use efficiency, 15. Life on land, Herbaceous plant, Evergreen, C-13 discrimination, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, stomatal conductance, water&#8208, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Carbon isotope discrimination (Delta) has been used widely to infer intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) of C-3 plants, a key parameter linking carbon and water fluxes. Despite the essential role of mesophyll conductance (g(m)) in photosynthesis and Delta, its effect on Delta-based predictions of iWUE has generally been neglected.Here, we derive a mathematical expression of iWUE as a function of Delta that includes g(m) (iWUE(mes)) and exploits the g(m)-stomatal conductance (g(sc)) relationship across drought-stress levels and plant functional groups (deciduous or semideciduous woody, evergreen woody and herbaceous species) in a global database. iWUE(mes) was further validated with an independent dataset of online-Delta and CO2 and H2O gas exchange measurements with seven species.Drought stress reduced g(sc) and g(m) by nearly one-half across all plant functional groups, but had no significant effect on the g(sc) : g(m) ratio, with a well supported value of 0.79 +/- 0.07 (95% CI, n = 198). g(m) was negatively correlated to iWUE. Incorporating the g(sc) : g(m) ratio greatly improved estimates of iWUE, compared with calculations that assumed infinite g(m).The inclusion of the g(sc) : g(m) ratio, fixed at 0.79 when g(m) was unknown, proved desirable to eliminate significant errors in estimating iWUE from Delta across various C-3 vegetation types.
Published: 2021

19. Macroevolution of defense syndromes in Ficus (Moraceae)

Author: Jin Chen, Doyle McKey, Jin Zhao, Simon T. Segar, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Harper Adams University, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) : U1402264, National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) : 31300369, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and CAS 135 program : 2017XTBG-T01
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ficus, life form, Macroevolution, phylogeny, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, trade&#8208, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, macroevolution, biology, off, Ecology, herbivory, phylogenetic generalized linear mixed model, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Moraceae, biology.organism_classification, defense syndrome, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Recursive adaptations and counter-adaptations of plant-feeding insects are thought to have driven chemical and physical diversity in plant defenses. Among existing theories on defensive diversity, the syndromes hypothesis predicts that plants may evolve suites of covarying defense traits along evolutionary arms races with herbivores. We use the large, phenotypically diverse angiosperm genus Ficus (Moraceae) to test the major predictions of this hypothesis: (1) plant species will form distinctive combinations of defensive traits; (2) these traits will be correlated within each syndrome. Trait combinations need not map well onto phylogenies because plant species can converge onto similar trait values, but strong phylogenetic signal driven by selection (as opposed to drift) suggests roles for escalation and coevolution. Finally, Ficus species with complementary combinations of defenses will be less susceptible to insect damage and harbor distinct insect communities. We quantified susceptibility to insect herbivory and nine leaf traits related to resource acquisition and defense in 36 Ficus species growing in a common-garden setting in dry and wet seasons over 2 yr. We recovered a set of three syndromes defined by relatively small sets of trait combinations. Broadly speaking, these syndromes grouped fig species with different life forms. For example, epiphytic figs had nutrient-poor, tough, tannin-rich leaves, while free-standing trees tended to have leaves covered in trichomes and full of alkaloid-rich latex. When season and species identity were accounted for, the combination of two traits, higher C:N and higher latex tannin content, provided significantly stronger defense than did either trait taken singly. Several individual traits (C:N, latex tannin, and trichome density) were significantly negatively correlated with herbivore damage, while alkaloid content was positively correlated (perhaps as a result of feeding by adapted herbivores). Several defensive traits influenced insect herbivore community structure. Finally, traits followed different evolutionary trajectories. While latex tannin, C:N, and leaf tannin fit a Brownian-motion model of evolution, the first two escalating across Ficus phylogeny, others appeared to have more limited phylogenetic signal or tended to de-escalate. Overall, the patterns we detected support the concept of coordinated defense syndromes, demonstrating that evolutionary arms races can drive combinations of traits in this genus.
Published: 2021

20. Hybrid-Domain Neural Network Processing for Sparse-View CT Reconstruction

Author: Dianlin Hu, Tianling Lv, Limin Luo, Feng Juan, Qianlong Zhao, Guotao Quan, Jin Liu, Yikun Zhang, Chen Yang, Southeast University [Jiangsu], Centre de Recherche en Information Biomédicale sino-français (CRIBS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Southeast University [Jiangsu]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Anhui Polytechnic University, Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co Ltd, State's Key Project of Research and Development Plan [2017YFA0104302, 2017YFC0109202, 2017YFC0107900], National Natural Science Foundation National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [81530060, 61871117], Science and Technology Program of Guangdong [2018B030333001], and Université de Rennes (UR)-Southeast University [Jiangsu]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: sparse-view computed tomography (SVCT) reconstruction, Computer science, Streak, 02 engineering and technology, Iterative reconstruction, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Convolution, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Nondestructive testing, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Medical imaging, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Projection (set theory), Instrumentation, Artificial neural network, business.industry, Pattern recognition, Deep learning, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Artificial intelligence, hybrid-domain processing, business, residual learning, Interpolation
Abstract: International audience; X-ray computed tomography (CT) is one of the most widely used tools in medical imaging, industrial nondestructive testing, lesion detection, and other applications. However, decreasing the projection number to lower the X-ray radiation dose usually leads to severe streak artifacts. To improve the quality of the images reconstructed from sparse-view projection data, we developed a hybrid-domain neural network (HDNet) processing for sparse-view CT (SVCT) reconstruction in this study. The HDNet decomposes the SVCT reconstruction problem into two stages and each stage focuses on one mission, which reduces the learning difficulty of the entire network. Experiments based on the simulated and clinical datasets are performed to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method. Compared with other competitive algorithms, quantitative and qualitative results show that the proposed method makes a great improvement on artifact suppression, tiny structure restoration, and contrast retention.
Published: 2021

21. Examinee-Examiner Network: Weakly Supervised Accurate Coronary Lumen Segmentation Using Centerline Constraint

Author: Han Xu, Youyong Kong, Yuting He, Huazhong Shu, Tu Shengxian, Jean-Louis Coatrieux, Guanyu Li, Qi Yaolei, Guanyu Yang, Li Zehang, Southeast University [Jiangsu], Shangaï Jiao Tong University [Shangaï], Centre de Recherche en Information Biomédicale sino-français (CRIBS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Southeast University [Jiangsu]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), National Natural Science Foundation National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [31800825, 62171125, 61828101], Excellence Project Funds of Southeast University, and Université de Rennes (UR)-Southeast University [Jiangsu]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Computed Tomography Angiography, Computer science, Feature extraction, 02 engineering and technology, Fractional flow reserve, Coronary artery disease, centerline Gaussian mask module, 3D accurate coronary lumen segmentation, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, medicine, Humans, Training, Segmentation, examinee-examiner network, drop output layer, Image segmentation, business.industry, Supervised learning, Angiography, Pattern recognition, Arteries, Network layer, medicine.disease, CT angiography image, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial, examinee-examiner learning, Task analysis, Lesions, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Artificial intelligence, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, business, Algorithms, Software, Lumen (unit), weakly supervised learning
Abstract: International audience; Accurate coronary lumen segmentation on coronary-computed tomography angiography (CCTA) images is crucial for quantification of coronary stenosis and the subsequent computation of fractional flow reserve. Many factors including difficulty in labeling coronary lumens, various morphologies in stenotic lesions, thin structures and small volume ratio with respect to the imaging field complicate the task. In this work, we fused the continuity topological information of centerlines which are easily accessible, and proposed a novel weakly supervised model, Examinee-Examiner Network (EE-Net), to overcome the challenges in automatic coronary lumen segmentation. First, the EE-Net was proposed to address the fracture in segmentation caused by stenoses by combining the semantic features of lumens and the geometric constraints of continuous topology obtained from the centerlines. Then, a Centerline Gaussian Mask Module was proposed to deal with the insensitiveness of the network to the centerlines. Subsequently, a weakly supervised learning strategy, Examinee-Examiner Learning, was proposed to handle the weakly supervised situation with few lumen labels by using our EE-Net to guide and constrain the segmentation with customized prior conditions. Finally, a general network layer, Drop Output Layer, was proposed to adapt to the class imbalance by dropping well-segmented regions and weights the classes dynamically. Extensive experiments on two different data sets demonstrated that our EE-Net has good continuity and generalization ability on coronary lumen segmentation task compared with several widely used CNNs such as 3D-UNet. The results revealed our EE-Net with great potential for achieving accurate coronary lumen segmentation in patients with coronary artery disease. Code at http://github.com/qiyaolei/Examinee-Examiner-Network.
Published: 2021

22. Accelerating Large-scale Topology Optimization: State-of-the-Art and Challenges

Author: Subhrajit Dutta, Sougata Mukherjee, Piotr Breitkopf, Balaji Raghavan, Weihong Zhang, Manyu Xiao, Dongcheng Lu, National Institute of Technology [Silchar], Northwestern Polytechnical University [Xi'an] (NPU), Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Génie Mécanique (LGCGM), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Roberval (Roberval), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC), National Natural Science Foundation of China National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [11620101002, 11972166], Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [310201911cx029], Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)
Subjects: Optimal design, Iterative design, business.industry, Computer science, Applied Mathematics, Scale (chemistry), Topology optimization, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Industrial engineering, Computer Science Applications, Variety (cybernetics), 010101 applied mathematics, Reduction (complexity), [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Software, Industrial design, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, 0101 mathematics, business
Abstract: International audience; Large-scale structural topology optimization has always suffered from prohibitively high computational costs that have till date hindered its widespread use in industrial design. The first and major contributor to this problem is the cost of solving the Finite Element equations during each iteration of the optimization loop. This is compounded by the frequently very fine 3D models needed to accurately simulate mechanical or multi-physical performance. The second issue stems from the requirement to embed the high-fidelity simulation within the iterative design procedure in order to obtain the optimal design. The prohibitive number of calculations needed as a result of both these issues, is often beyond the capacities of existing industrial computers and software. To alleviate these issues, the last decade has opened promising pathways into accelerating the topology optimization procedure for large-scale industrial sized problems, using a variety of techniques, including re-analysis, multi-grid solvers, model reduction, machine learning and high-performance computing, and their combinations. This paper attempts to give a comprehensive review of the research activities in all of these areas, so as to give the engineer both an understanding as well as a critical appreciation for each of these developments.
Published: 2021

23. The underappreciated role of agricultural soil nitrogen oxide emissions in ozone pollution regulation in North China

Author: Qiang Zhang, Jintai Lin, Xiao Lu, Dianming Wu, Hongjian Weng, Feng Zhou, Yuanhang Zhang, Bo Zheng, Meng Gao, Hao Kong, Xingpei Ye, Mi Zhou, Lin Zhang, Ke Li, Yuanhong Zhao, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China, IUSS: 41922037, 71961137011, National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, National Key Research and Development Program of China, NKRDPC: 2017YFC0210102, The work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC0210102) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41922037 and 71961137011)., and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Atmospheric chemistry, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Air pollution, General Physics and Astronomy, 010501 environmental sciences, engineering.material, medicine.disease_cause, Combustion, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Environmental impact, chemistry.chemical_compound, 11. Sustainability, medicine, Air quality index, NOx, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, Environmental engineering, General Chemistry, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], engineering, Environmental science, Fertilizer, business
Abstract: Intensive agricultural activities in the North China Plain (NCP) lead to substantial emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from soil, while the role of this source on local severe ozone pollution is unknown. Here we use a mechanistic parameterization of soil NOx emissions combined with two atmospheric chemistry models to investigate the issue. We find that the presence of soil NOx emissions in the NCP significantly reduces the sensitivity of ozone to anthropogenic emissions. The maximum ozone air quality improvements in July 2017, as can be achieved by controlling all domestic anthropogenic emissions of air pollutants, decrease by 30% due to the presence of soil NOx. This effect causes an emission control penalty such that large additional emission reductions are required to achieve ozone regulation targets. As NOx emissions from fuel combustion are being controlled, the soil emission penalty would become increasingly prominent and shall be considered in emission control strategies., Summertime ozone air pollution in North China remains severe. Here the authors find large biogenic emissions of nitrogen oxides in North China, mainly driven by fertilizer application, challenge the mitigation of ozone pollution by only reducing combustion induced ozone precursors’ emissions.
Published: 2021

24. Coordination anion effects on the geometry and magnetic interaction of binuclear Dy-2 single-molecule magnets

Author: Jinjiang Wu, Xiao-Lei Li, Olivier Cador, Jinkui Tang, Léo La Droitte, Boris Le Guennic, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), National Natural Science Foundation of China National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [21871247, 21801237], Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS [ZDBS-LY-SLH023], Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province of China [20200201244JC], Royal Society-Newton Advanced Fellowship [NA160075], Strategie d'Attactivite Durable [SAD18006 - LnCPLSMM], Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Denticity, 010405 organic chemistry, Ligand, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Inorganic Chemistry, Dodecahedron, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallography, Octahedron, chemistry, Intramolecular force, Antiferromagnetism, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, Single-molecule magnet, Methylene
Abstract: International audience; Two new dimeric dysprosium(iii) complexes, [Dy-2(HL)(2)(SCN)(2)]center dot 2CH(3)CN (1) and [Dy-2(HL)(2)(NO3)(2)]center dot 2CH(3)CN center dot 2H(2)O (2), have been assembled using the H3L multidentate ligand (H3L = 2,2'-((((2-hydroxy-5-methyl-1,3-phenylene)bis(methylene))bis((pyridin-2-ylmethyl)azanediyl))bis(methylene))diphenol). The use of different coordination anions for the two complexes results in distinct coordination geometries of the metal sites. The Dy centers in complexes 1 and 2 display capped octahedron and triangular dodecahedron coordination geometries, respectively. Consequently, the two compounds exhibit distinct dc and ac magnetic properties. Complex 1 behaves as a single molecule magnet (SMM) while no SMM behavior is observed for complex 2. Although complexes 1 and 2 possess a similar core of Dy2O2, their different coordination anions lead to two distinct magnetic interactions, namely ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic, respectively. Ab initio calculations reveal that these interactions may result from strong intramolecular dipolar couplings that are ferromagnetic for 1 but antiferromagnetic for 2, while exchange couplings are antiferromagnetic in both cases.
Published: 2021

25. Improved Open-Circuit Voltage of Sb2Se3 Thin-Film Solar Cells Via Interfacial Sulfur Diffusion-Induced Gradient Bandgap Engineering

Author: Usman Ali Shah, Wei Xiong, Zhuanghao Zheng, Muhammad Ishaq, Shuo Chen, Guangxing Liang, Xianghua Zhang, Ping Fan, Umar Farooq, Jingting Luo, Zhenghua Su, Shenzhen University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology [Wuhan] (HUST), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), National Natural Science Foundation of China National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [62074102], Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province China National Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province [2020A1515010805], Key Project of Department of Education of Guangdong Province China [2018KZDXM059], Science and Technology plan project of Shenzhen China [20200812000347001, JCYJ20190808153409238], Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: sulfur diffusion, Materials science, Band gap, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, open-circuit voltages, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, interfaces, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Diffusion (business), Sb2Se3 solar cells, gradient bandgaps, business.industry, Open-circuit voltage, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Sulfur, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, Optoelectronics, Thin film solar cell, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: International audience; The performance of thermally deposited Sb2Se3 solar cells are severely limited by various bulk and interfacial recombination, instigating a large open-circuit voltage (V-OC) deficit. Ternary Sb-2(S,Se)(3) is considered as a remedy, however, it is also subjected to a dilemma that improvement in V-OC will be escorted by J(SC) loss due to the shrinkage of light harvest. Thus, a gradient of S/Se across the film is a prerequisite to avoid this detrimental compromise. Herein, the incorporation of S in the Sb2Se3 absorber layer evaporated from a CdS buffer layer during vapor transport deposition (VTD) process, and its further self-activated diffusion at the interface upon ambient storage is explored. For the gradient indium tin oxide (ITO)/CdS/Sb-2(S,Se)(3)/Sb2Se3/Au solar cell, the large bandgap Sb-2(S,Se)(3) at the heterojunction side contributes to high V-OC, while the narrow bandgap Sb2Se3 at the top side confirms high J(SC). Sulfur diffusion at the CdS/Sb2Se3 interface also improves the junction quality with an enlarged V-bi, reduced interfacial defects and recombination loss, thus improving V(OC )from 393 to 430 mV. Such V-OC represents the highest value for that of thermally deposited Sb2Se3 solar cells. The champion device also delivers an interesting efficiency of 7.49%. This research provides substantial guidance in exploring efficient approaches to improve the performance of Sb2Se3 solar cells.
Published: 2021

26. Large-scale features of Last Interglacial climate: Results from evaluating the lig127k simulations for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6)-Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP4)

Author: Yarrow Axford, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Maria-Vittoria Guarino, Qiong Zhang, Elizabeth B. Isaacs, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Robert A. Tomas, Jeremy S. Hoffman, Zhongshi Zhang, Anne de Vernal, Nicholas K. H. Yeung, Masa Kageyama, Weipeng Zheng, Katrin J. Meissner, Christian Stepanek, Jian Cao, Chris Brierley, Gerrit Lohmann, Anni Zhao, Laurie Menviel, David Salas y Mélia, Polina Morozova, Louise C. Sime, Eric W. Wolff, Ryouta O'ishi, Silvana Ramos Buarque, Emilie Capron, Allegra N. LeGrande, Charles Williams, Marie Sicard, Polychronis C Tzedakis, Pascale Braconnot, Evgeny Volodin, Chuncheng Guo, Esther C. Brady, Xaoxu Shi, Paolo Scussolini, Aline Govin, Kerim H. Nisancioglu, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Climat et Magnétisme (CLIMAG), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), National Science Foundation, NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research, NCAR: 1852977 Natural Environment Research Council, NERC: NE/S009736/1 Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, NWO: ALWOP.164 Sorbonne Université California Earthquake Authority, CEA Carlsbergfondet École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL Royal Society Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, CNES 742224 European Research Council, ERC NE/P01903X/1, ANR-18-BELM-0001-06 312979 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS RSF Social Finance: 20-17-00190 Natural Environment Research Council, NERC: NE/P013279/1 Vetenskapsrådet, VR Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF Vetenskapsrådet, VR: 2016-07213, 2013-06476, 2017-04232 Achievement Rewards for College Scientists Foundation, ARCS: JPMXD1300000000 JPMXD1420318865 Australian Research Council, ARC: FT180100606 2016YFC1401401 Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, AWI Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKEN: 17H06104 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Monbusho: 17H06323 Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS: XDB42000000, XDA19060102 Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, JAMSTEC: 0148-2019-0009 National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC: 91958201and 41376002 National Science Foundation, NSF Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, SNF Akademie der Naturwissenschaften, SCNAT National Science Foundation, NSF: 1852977 National Center for Atmospheric Research, NCAR, Acknowledgements. Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Esther C. Brady and Robert Tomas acknowledge the CESM project, which is supported primarily by the National Science Foundation (NSF). This material is based upon work supported by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), which is a major facility sponsored by the NSF under Cooperative Agreement No. 1852977. Computing and data storage resources, including the Cheyenne supercomputer (https://doi.org/10.5065/D6RX99HX), were provided by the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at NCAR. Chris M. Brierley acknowledges the financial support of the Natural Environment Research Council through grant NE/S009736/1. Anni Zhao and Chris M. Brierley would like to thank Rachel Eyles for her sterling work curating the local replica of the PMIP archive at UCL., Charles J. R. Williams acknowledges the financial support of the UK Natural Environment Research Council-funded SWEET project (Super-Warm Early Eocene Temperatures), research grant NE/P01903X/1, and the financial support of the Belmont-funded PACMEDY (PAlaeo-Constraints on Monsoon Evolution and Dynamics) project. Aline Govin acknowledges the support of the French national program LEFE/INSU (CircLIG project) and of the Belmont-funded ACCEDE project (ANR-18-BELM-0001-06). Eric Wolff has received funding from the European Research Council under the Horizon 2020 program research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 742224, WACSWAIN). Eric Wolff is also funded by a Royal Society Professorship. Paolo Scussolini acknowledges funding from the NWO (Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek) under grant ALWOP.164. Emilie Capron acknowledges financial support from the ChronoCli-mate project, funded by the Carlsberg Foundation. Pascale Bra-connot and Masa Kageyama acknowledge the HPC resources of TGCC allocated to the IPSL CMIP6 project by GENCI (Grand Equipment National de Calcul Intensif) under the allocations 2016-A0030107732, 2017-R0040110492, and 2018-R0040110492 (project gencmip6). This work was undertaken in the framework of the LABEX L-IPSL and the IPSL Climate Graduate School, under the 'Investissements d’avenir' program with the reference ANR-11-IDEX-0004-17-EURE-0006. This study benefited from the ES-PRI (Ensemble de Services Pour la Recherche à l’IPSL) computing and data center (https://mesocentre.ipsl.fr, last access: 22 December 2020), which is supported by CNRS, Sorbonne Université, École Polytechnique, and CNES and through national and international projects, including the EU-FP7 Infrastructure project IS-ENES2 (grant no. 312979). Marie Sicard is funded by a scholarship from CEA and 'Convention des Services Climatiques' from IPSL., Laurie Menviel acknowledges support from the Australian Research Council FT180100606. The ACCESS-ESM 1.5 experiments were performed on Raijin at the NCI National Facility at the Australian National University, through awards under the National Computational Merit Allocation Scheme, the Intersect allocation scheme, and the UNSW HPC at NCI Scheme. Qiong Zhang acknowledges the support from the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet, grant nos. 2013-06476 and 2017-04232). The EC-Earth simulations are performed on ECMWF’s computing and archive facilities and on resources provided by the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at the National Supercomputer Centre (NSC) partially funded by the Swedish Research Council through grant agreement no. 2016-07213. Weipeng Zheng acknowledges the financial support from National Key R&D Program for Developing Basic Sciences (grant no. 2016YFC1401401), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant nos. XDA19060102 and XDB42000000) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 91958201and 41376002), and the technical support from the National Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure project 'Earth System Science Numerical Simulator Facility' (EarthLab). Maria Vittoria Guarino and Louise Sime acknowledge the financial support of the NERC research grant NE/P013279/1. Silvana Ramos Buarque and David Salas y Mélia acknowledge Météo-France/DSI for providing computing and data storage resources. Xiaoxu Shi and Christian Stepanek acknowledge computing and data storage resources for the generation of the AWI-ESM-1/AWI-ESM-2 and MPI-ESM-1-2 simulations of Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum (DKRZ) granted by its Scientific Steering Committee (WLA) under project ID ba1066. The Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg is acknowledged for development and provision of the MPI-ESM as well as the ECHAM6/JSBACH, which provides the atmosphere and land surface component of AWI-ESM. Gerrit Lohmann acknowledges funding via the Alfred Wegener Institute’s research program PACES2. Christian Stepanek acknowledges funding by the Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM and the Alfred Wegener Institute’s research program PACES2. Xiaoxu Shi acknowledges financial support through the BMBF funded PACMEDY and PalMOD initiatives. Ayako Abe-Ouchi and Ryouta O’ishi acknowledge the financial support from Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) Project (grant JPMXD1300000000), Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (ArCS II) Project (grant no. JPMXD1420318865), JSPS KAKENHI grant 17H06104 and MEXT KAKENHI grant 17H06323, and the support from JAMSTEC for the use of the Earth Simulator supercomputer. Polina A. Morozova was supported by the state assignment project 0148-2019-0009. Evgeny Volodin was supported by RSF grant 20-17-00190., The authors acknowledge QUIGS (Quaternary Interglacials), a working group of Past Global Changes (PAGES), which in turn received support from the US National Science Foundation, Swiss National Science Foundation, Swiss Academy of Sciences, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. We are grateful to the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), which, through its Working Group on Coupled Modelling, coordinated and promoted CMIP6., Financial support. Funding of the publication has been supported by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), which is a major facility sponsored by the National Science Foundation under cooperative agreement no. 1852977., Water and Climate Risk, Wolff, Eric [0000-0002-5914-8531], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: IMPACTS, 010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Orbital forcing, sub-01, EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN, Stratigraphy, lcsh:Environmental protection, 3705 Geology, POLAR AMPLIFICATION, MIDHOLOCENE, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Environmental pollution, Paleoclimatology, Sea ice, lcsh:TD169-171.8, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, TEMPERATURE, AFRICAN MONSOON, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, 13 Climate Action, Global and Planetary Change, geography, Coupled model intercomparison project, geography.geographical_feature_category, EARTH SYSTEM MODEL, CHRONOLOGY AICC2012, Northern Hemisphere, Paleontology, 37 Earth Sciences, 3709 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Arctic ice pack, ANTARCTIC ICE, 13. Climate action, Climatology, lcsh:TD172-193.5, 3701 Atmospheric Sciences, Climate sensitivity, Environmental science, Climate model, SENSITIVITY
Abstract: The modeling of paleoclimate, using physically based tools, is increasingly seen as a strong out-of-sample test of the models that are used for the projection of future climate changes. New to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) is the Tier 1 Last Interglacial experiment for 127 000 years ago (lig127k), designed to address the climate responses to stronger orbital forcing than the midHolocene experiment, using the same state-of-the-art models as for the future and following a common experimental protocol. Here we present a first analysis of a multi-model ensemble of 17 climate models, all of which have completed the CMIP6 DECK (Diagnostic, Evaluation and Characterization of Klima) experiments. The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) of these models varies from 1.8 to 5.6 ∘C. The seasonal character of the insolation anomalies results in strong summer warming over the Northern Hemisphere continents in the lig127k ensemble as compared to the CMIP6 piControl and much-reduced minimum sea ice in the Arctic. The multi-model results indicate enhanced summer monsoonal precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere and reductions in the Southern Hemisphere. These responses are greater in the lig127k than the CMIP6 midHolocene simulations as expected from the larger insolation anomalies at 127 than 6 ka. New synthesis for surface temperature and precipitation, targeted for 127 ka, have been developed for comparison to the multi-model ensemble. The lig127k model ensemble and data reconstructions are in good agreement for summer temperature anomalies over Canada, Scandinavia, and the North Atlantic and for precipitation over the Northern Hemisphere continents. The model–data comparisons and mismatches point to further study of the sensitivity of the simulations to uncertainties in the boundary conditions and of the uncertainties and sparse coverage in current proxy reconstructions. The CMIP6–Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP4) lig127k simulations, in combination with the proxy record, improve our confidence in future projections of monsoons, surface temperature, and Arctic sea ice, thus providing a key target for model evaluation and optimization.
Published: 2021

27. Strong biomass burning contribution to ambient aerosol during heating season in a megacity in Northeast China: Effectiveness of agricultural fire bans?

Author: Qiang Zhang, Guannan Geng, Kebin He, Jiu-meng Liu, Linlin Liang, Wan-Li Ma, Hong Qi, Qin-qin Yu, Yuan Cheng, Bo Zheng, Zhen-yu Du, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control: 19K02ESPCT State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex: SCAPC202002 Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province: YQ2019D004 National Key Research and Development Program of China: 2019YFC0214700 National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC: 4151101089, 41805097 State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, SKLUWRE: 2020DX14 2019B04, This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 41805097 , 4151101089 ), the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province ( YQ2019D004 ), the National Key Research and Development Program ( 2019YFC0214700 ), the State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment ( 2020DX14 ), the State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control ( 19K02ESPCT ), the State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex ( SCAPC202002 ) and the Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, China Meteorological Administration ( 2019B04 )., and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Crop residue, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, Combustion, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, chemistry.chemical_compound, Black carbon, Nitrate, Organic aerosol, Agricultural fires, Organic tracer, Environmental Chemistry, Sulfate, Carbon monoxide, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Levoglucosan, Pollution, Aerosol, Megacity, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Carbon, Biomass burning
Abstract: International audience; Sustainable use of crop residues remains a challenge in main agricultural regions of China such as the Northeast Plain. Here we investigated the impacts of biomass burning on fine particle (PM2.5) during a six-month long heating season in the Harbin-Changchun (HC) metropolitan area, China's only national-level city cluster located in the severe cold climate region. Temporal variation of PM2.5 was found to coincide with that of levoglucosan. This was attributed to the strong contribution of biomass burning to organic aerosol (the dominant component in PM2.5), as supported by the source apportionment results and high levoglucosan-to-organic carbon (OC) ratios. Furthermore, the variation of biomass burning contribution was inferred to be driven mainly by agricultural fires with relatively low combustion efficiencies, based on a synthesis of the relationship between OC and elemental carbon (EC), the dependence of EC on carbon monoxide, and the relative abundances of different tracers for biomass burning. Nitrate formation was enhanced during biomass burning episodes whereas no evidence was observed to indicate enhanced sulfate formation or net increase of OC mass due to secondary formation. This study demonstrates the importance of open burning as a source of haze pollution in the HC region.
Published: 2021

28. An injective version of the 1-2-3 Conjecture

Author: Binlong Li, Bi Li, Julien Bensmail, Combinatorics, Optimization and Algorithms for Telecommunications (COATI), COMmunications, Réseaux, systèmes Embarqués et Distribués (Laboratoire I3S - COMRED), Laboratoire d'Informatique, Signaux, et Systèmes de Sophia Antipolis (I3S), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Laboratoire d'Informatique, Signaux, et Systèmes de Sophia Antipolis (I3S), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Xidian University, Northwestern Polytechnical University [Xi'an] (NPU), The first author was supported by a funding granted by the program 'Jeunes Talents FRANCE-CHINE'. The second author was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11701440, 11626181). The third author was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11601429) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 3102019ghjd003)., Université côte d'azur, Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-COMmunications, Réseaux, systèmes Embarqués et Distribués (Laboratoire I3S - COMRED), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)
Subjects: Conjecture, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 021107 urban & regional planning, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, [INFO.INFO-DM]Computer Science [cs]/Discrete Mathematics [cs.DM], 01 natural sciences, Injective function, Graph, Theoretical Computer Science, Combinatorics, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics, Graph labelling, Mathematics
Abstract: In this work, we introduce and study a new graph labelling problem standing as a combination of the 1-2-3 Conjecture and injective colouring of graphs, which also finds connections with the notion of graph irregularity. In this problem, the goal, given a graph G, is to label the edges of G so that every two vertices having a common neighbour get incident to different sums of labels. We are interested in the minimum k such that G admits such a k-labelling. We suspect that almost all graphs G can be labelled this way using labels $$1,\dots ,\Delta (G)$$ . Towards this speculation, we provide bounds on the maximum label value needed in general. In particular, we prove that using labels $$1,\dots ,\Delta (G)$$ is indeed sufficient when G is a tree, a particular cactus, or when its injective chromatic number $$\mathrm{\chi _{\mathrm{i}}}(G)$$ is equal to $$\Delta (G)$$ .
Published: 2021

29. Effects of surface micro–galvanic corrosion and corrosive film on the corrosion resistance of AZ91–xNd alloys

Author: He Renhua, Chassagne Luc, Kun Yan, Zheng Yin, Hong Yan, Chao Luo, Yang Chen, Chengxin Yin, Honggun Song, Zhou Yin, Kun Wang, Hongyu Guan, Zhi Hu, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes de Versailles (LISV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Nanchang University, Nanchang University, NCU: 2019-9166-27060003 National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC: 51961026, and The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 51961026 ) and Interdisciplinary Innovation Fund of Nanchang University (Project No. 2019-9166-27060003 ).
Subjects: Micro–galvanic corrosion, Materials science, Scanning electron microscope, Alloy, Corrosion resistance, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Electrolyte, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Corrosion, Polarization (electrochemistry), Kelvin probe force microscope, Neodymium, Metallurgy, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Galvanic corrosion, Magnesium alloys, SKPFM, engineering, Corrosive film, 0210 nano-technology, Volta potential
Abstract: The effects of surface micro–galvanic corrosion and corrosive film on the corrosion resistance of AZ91–xNd alloys was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM), and electrochemical measurements. The microstructural morphologies showed that the formations of Al2Nd and Al–Mn–Nd phases were observed in AZ91–Nd alloy. According to the results of SKPFM, the Nd–rich phases were slightly noble than the β–Mg17Al12 phase but less than the Al–Mn phase. Consequently, AZ91–1.0Nd alloy with dispersed Nd–rich phases showed the largest polarization resistance values of 5129 Ω·cm2, about 3.9 times than that of AZ91 (1313 Ω·cm2). The main factors affecting the corrosion resistance of AZ91–xNd alloys were as follows: (i) the suppression of surface micro–galvanic couple corrosion, since the Volta potential difference (secondary phases/α–Mg) was reduced after Nd addition, the effect of surface micro–galvanic corrosion was weakened, thereby enhancing the corrosion resistance of the tested alloy (AZ91); (ii) corrosive film, the uniform corrosive film containing Nd2O3 isolated the specimens and the electrolyte, which suppressed the penetration of harmful anions (OH–, C O 3 2 - ) and inhibited the occurrence of surface micro–galvanic corrosion of AZ91–Nd alloys.
Published: 2021

30. Controllable multi-color upconversion in glass ceramics through engineering crystal lattice distortion

Author: Lihui Huang, Can Li, Lei Lei, Shiqing Xu, Xianghua Zhang, Renguang Ye, Zhao Jingtao, Zhanling Lu, Degang Deng, China Jiliang University (CJLU), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Zhengzhou University, National Natural Science Foundation of China National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [51872270, 61975193], National Key Research and Development Project of China [2018YFE0207700], National Natural Science Foundation of China Joint Fund Project [U190920054], Provincial Universities of Zhejiang and Science and Technology Innovation Platform and Talent Plan of Zhejiang [2017R52037], Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province [LZ21A040002], Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, 02 engineering and technology, Crystal structure, lattice distortion, multi-color, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Distortion, Materials Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Ceramic, lanthanide ions, upconversion, glass ceramics, business.industry, Lattice distortion, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Photon upconversion, 0104 chemical sciences, visual_art, Ceramics and Composites, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Optoelectronics, anti-counterfeiting, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: International audience; Lanthanide-doped up-conversion (UC) materials with color tunable property show promising application in many fields, such as biological imaging, optical multiplexing, and information security. Although great efforts have been devoted to regulate UC emission color via modifying chemical composition, crystal structure, or external stimuli condition, it is remain a daunting challenge to develop a general strategy that probably suitable for various lanthanide-doped nano-systems. Herein, we verify the cross-relaxation possibility between sensitizer Yb3+ and activator Er3+ as well as Er3+- Er3+ pairs can be well modified by engineering the crystal lattice distortion of matrix, leading to the evident UC emission color variations. Specifically, with incorporating Al3+ or Ca2+ ions into the Yb/Er co-doped BaF2 nanocrystals (NCs) contained glass ceramics (GCs), the contraction of the crystal lattice lead to the change of UC emission color from green to red. On the contrary, the high laser excitation power results in the lattice expansion of the Al3+-doped BaF2:Yb/Er GCs at different Yb3+ concentration as well as Al3+ doped CaF2 GCs, which leads to the greatly increased green-to-red ratio. These multi-color UC GCs show potential application in anti-counterfeiting filed. Our results open up a general avenue for the control of UC emission color via engineering crystal lattice distortion.
Published: 2021

31. Optimizing the Ratio of Sn4+ and Sn2+ in Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)(4) Precursor Solution via Air Environment for Highly Efficient Solar Cells

Author: Liang, Guang-Xing, Yu, Zi-Xuan, Xie, Zhi-Gao, He, Yang, Lin, Jin-Hong, Chen, Shuo, Zheng, Zhuang-Hao, Luo, Jing-Ting, Fan, Ping, Su, Zheng-Hua, Ma, Hong-Li, Zhang, Xiang-Hua, Shenzhen University, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), National Key RandD Program of China [2018YFE0203400], National Natural Science Foundation of China National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [62074102], Key Project of Department of Education of Guangdong Province [2018KZDXM059], Science and Technology plan project of Shenzhen [JCYJ20190808153409238, JCYJ20190808120001755, 20200826143347001], Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: deep-level defects, Se)(4), Cu2ZnSn(S-Se)(4), precursor solutions, Cu2ZnSn(S, solar cells, interface recombination, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry
Abstract: International audience; The use of different Sn valence states (such as Sn4+ and Sn2+) in the Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)(4) (CZTSSe) precursor solution is especially important for the quality of the subsequent growth of the CZTSSe films. The latest study has found that replacing SnCl2 center dot 2H(2)O with anhydrous SnCl4 can remarkably improve the performance of CZTSSe solar cells, but it needs to be operated in the glovebox. Herein, for the precursor solution, SnCl4 center dot 5H(2)O powder is used instead of anhydrous SnCl4 in air environment, and the proportion of Sn4+ and Sn2+ precursor solutions is further systematically studied. When the ratio of Sn4+ to Sn2+ is 1:1, a uniform, compact, and noncracking CZTSSe thin film is obtained, effectively alleviating the interface recombination and reducing the concentration of deep-level defects. In particular, the concentration of Cu-Zn antisite defects is decreased by an order of magnitude, and the carrier recombination and band tail effect are alleviated. When J(SC) is maintained, V-OC and FF are considerably improved. Finally, CZTSSe thin-film solar cells are fabricated with an efficiency of over 11%. Herein, the feasibility of controlling the ratio of Sn4+ to Sn2+ in the CZTSSe precursor solution for higher efficiency of CZTSSe thin-film solar cells is demonstrated.
Published: 2021

32. syn-Selective Construction of Fused Heterocycles by Catalytic Reductive Tandem Functionalization of N-Heteroarenes

Author: Pierre H. Dixneuf, Jian Yang, Zhenda Tan, Min Zhang, Liang Cao, He Zhao, Chenggang Ci, Huanfeng Jiang, South China University of Technology [Guangzhou] (SCUT), Qiannan Normal College for Nationalities [Duyun] (QNCN), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), National Natural Science Foundation of China National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [21971071], Science Foundation of Guangdong Province National Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province [2021A1515010155], Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2020ZYGXZR075], Key Laboratory of Computational Catalytic Chemistry of Guizhou province [Qianjiaohe KYzi [2017] 13], Guizhou Province Science Foundation [[2020]1Y050], Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Tandem, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, General Chemistry, N-heteroarenes, 010402 general chemistry, diastereoselectivity, 01 natural sciences, Combinatorial chemistry, Catalysis, 0104 chemical sciences, ruthenium catalysis, Surface modification, reductive dearomatization, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, tandem functionalization
Abstract: International audience; To date, numerous methods have been successfully developed to functionalize N-heteroaryl C-H bonds. In contrast, dearomative tandem functionalization of N-heteroarenes is still a subject to be explored. Reported herein is an example on reductive dearomatization-induced tandem functionalization of N-heteroarenes by ruthenium catalysis, which offers a general method for diastereoselective construction of fused heterocycles featuring a cyclic syn-N, O-acetal motif from N-heteroarenes, phenols, and paraformaldehyde. Mechanistic study reveals that the products are formed via a tandem sequence of pyridyl C-3-benzylation and hydroxymethylation followed by C-2-aryloxylation of N-heteroarenium salts, proceeding with broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, high atom efficiency, and applicability for postfunctionalization of some biomedical molecules.
Published: 2021

33. A Changhsingian (late Permian) nautiloid assemblage from Gujiao, South China

Author: Arnaud Brayard, Xiaokang Liu, Luyi Miao, Xu Dai, Dieter Korn, Jing Chen, Haijun Song, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences [Wuhan] (CUG), Museum für Naturkunde [Berlin], Leibniz Institut für Evolutions und Biodiversitätsforschung, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology (NIGPAS-CAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Nanjing Branch], Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Yifu Museum, Study supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 41622207, 41672016), by the German Research Foundation (DFGprojects Ko1829/12-1, Ko1829/17-1) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 41630101), and by the Fundamental Research Founds for National University, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan)., ANR-13-JS06-0001,AFTER,Après la fin : la reconstruction des communautés marines durant la rediversification du Trias inférieur.(2013), and ANR-15-IDEX-0003,BFC,ISITE ' BFC(2015)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, China, South china, biology, Permian, Nautiloidea, Paleontology, Pleuronautilus, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Nautiloid, Taxon, Geography, Guizhou, Cephalopoda, Genus, Tainoceras, Changhsin gian, Assemblage (archaeology), [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: 23 pages; International audience; A ca. 0.30 m thick cherty limestone bed in the Dalong Formation at Gujiao (Guizhou) has yielded a highly diverse Changhsingian nautiloid assemblage. Its age is late Changhsingian, indicated by the co-occurring ammonoid Pseudotirolites sp. This assemblage is composed of nine species and five taxa in open nomenclature in nine genera, including one new genus and three new species: Neotainoceras zhaoi sp. nov., Nodopleuroceras gujiaoense sp. nov. and Gujiaonautilus longliensis gen. et sp. nov. Sholakoceras is for the first time recorded in South China. Compared with literature data from 52 sites in various regions worldwide, the material described here presents the most diverse Changhsingian nautiloid assemblage. Among the genera of the Gujiao assemblage, Pleuronautilus, Tainoceras and Liroceras are cosmopolitan, while the others are more endemic or genera known so far only from South China.
Published: 2021

34. SPECIAL: Single-Shot Projection Error Correction Integrated Adversarial Learning for Limited-Angle CT

Author: Yang Chen, Yikun Zhang, Jinglin Zhang, Shouhua Luo, Jin Liu, Dianlin Hu, Qiegen Liu, Limin Luo, Guotao Quan, Changping Du, Southeast University [Jiangsu], Centre de Recherche en Information Biomédicale sino-français (CRIBS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Southeast University [Jiangsu]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Anhui Polytechnic University, Hebei University of Technology [Tianjin], Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co Ltd, Nanchang University, State's Key Project of Research and Development Plan [2017YFC0109202, 2017YFA0104302], National Natural Science Foundation National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [61871117], Science and Technology Program of Guangdong [2018B030333001], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Southeast University [Jiangsu]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Computer science, Iterative reconstruction, Limited-angle CT reconstruction, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Domain (software engineering), 03 medical and health sciences, Consistency (database systems), 0302 clinical medicine, enhanced adversarial learning, Computer vision, Projection (set theory), Image restoration, Artifact (error), measurement consistency, business.industry, Computer Science Applications, Computational Mathematics, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Signal Processing, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution, Artificial intelligence, Error detection and correction, business, high-frequency constraint, projection correction
Abstract: International audience; Limited-angle CT is an indispensable tool for some practical applications when the projection data can be only collected within a limited-angle range due to the constraints of scanning conditions. However, the limited-angle scanning mode will lead to severely degraded images with excessive artifacts. Meanwhile, existing methods fail to reconstruct satisfactory images in limited-angle CT because of the unguaranteed measurement consistency caused by serious projection missing. In this paper, we developed a method termed Single-shot Projection Error Correction Integrated Adversarial Learning (SPECIAL) progressive-improvement strategy, which could effectively combine the complementary information contained in the image domain and projection domain, and greatly improve the reconstructions at the expense of small computational cost. Specifically, enhanced adversarial learning is used in different stages to remove artifacts without losing high-frequency component. A projection error correction module is used to boost the performance in high-attenuation tissue restoration. Compared with other competitive algorithms, quantitative and qualitative results show that the proposed method could make a promising improvement on artifact removal, edge preservation and tiny structure restoration.
Published: 2021

35. Effect of ultra-shallow metallic gratings on sensitivity enhancement of Goos-Hanchen shift in SPR-based sensors

Author: Kaihua Wei, Ken-Tye Yong, Kuanbiao Li, Nishtha Manish Singh, Chandreyee Manas Das, Yan Guo, Philippe Coquet, CNRS International NTU THALES Research Alliance (UMI CINTRA), THALES-Nanyang Technological University [Singapour]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [11304070, 61705056], Singapore National Research FoundationNational Research Foundation, Singapore, French National Research AgencyFrench National Research Agency (ANR) [NRF2017-ANR002 2DPS], Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNatural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province [LGF20F050004], CNRS International - NTU - Thales Research Alliance (CINTRA), and THALES [France]-Nanyang Technological University [Singapour]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Grating, 01 natural sciences, Electromagnetic radiation, 010309 optics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Sensitivity, 0103 physical sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Surface plasmon resonance, Penetration depth, Surface plasmon polariton, Metallic grating, business.industry, Goos-Hanchen shift, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Wavelength, Reflection (physics), Optoelectronics, Prism, 0210 nano-technology, business, Refractive index
Abstract: International audience; Metallic gratings have flexible and powerful modulation effects on electromagnetic waves. Reflection and transmission spectra of metallic gratings may become extremely narrow or ultra wide depending on the grating parameters. In this paper, a surface plasmon resonance-based sensing system comprising of a metallic grating coupled with a prism configuration was proposed. The effects of all parameters of the sensing system on the Goos-Hadnchen shift and sensitivity were studied in detail, and the results showed that ultra-shallow metallic gratings with large duty cycles, with no other materials involved, are more beneficial. In addition, a set of optimum parameters was obtained at the incident wavelength. Compared with the conventional SPR-based gold sensing chip, strongly coupled surface plasmon resonance around the grating enlarges the penetration depth, and enhances both Goos-Hadnchen shift and the corresponding sensitivity by 5.6 times, with increasing refractive indices of the analyte solutions. These results indicate that the proposed ultra-shallow metal grating-based sensing structure is in favor of detecting ultralow concentrations of biomolecules in the analyte solutions.
Published: 2020

36. Affirming nonlinear optical coefficient constancy from z-scan measurement

Author: Wending Zhang, Shijia Hua, Ting Mei, Kang Du, Elhadj Dogheche, Heng Wang, Northwestern Polytech Univ., Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Optoélectronique - IEMN (OPTO - IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - Département Opto-Acousto-Électronique - UMR 8520 (IEMN-DOAE), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Hauts-de-France (INSA Hauts-De-France), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [91950207, 61675171, 61675169], Shaanxi Provincial Key RD Program [2018KW-009], and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesFundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [3102017HQZZ022, 3102017zy021]
Subjects: Diffraction, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Optics, Nonlinear medium, 0103 physical sciences, Z-scan technique, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Physics, [SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], business.industry, Pulse duration, carbon disulfide, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Ray, nonlinear optical coefficient, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Intensity (physics), Light intensity, nonlinear refraction and absorption, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 0210 nano-technology, business, z-scan technique
Abstract: International audience; Goodness of fit is demonstrated for theoretical calculation of z-scan data based on beams propagating in the nonlinear medium and the Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction integral in experiments with high nonlinear refraction and absorption. The constancy of nonlinear optical parameters is achieved regardless of sample thickness and laser intensity, which clarifies the physical significance of optical parameters. We have obtained gamma = 2.0 x 10(-19) m(2)/W and beta = 5.0 x 10(-13) m/W for carbon disulfide excited by a pulsed laser at 800 nm with pulse duration of 35 fs, which are independent of sample thickness and laser intensity. Affirming constancy of the extracted parameters to the incident light intensity may become a practice to verify the goodness of the z-scan experiment.
Published: 2020

37. The Venom of the Ectoparasitoid Wasp Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) Induces Apoptosis of Drosophilamelanogaster Hemocytes

Author: Marylène Poirié, Gongyin Ye, Qi Fang, Hongwei Yao, Jean-Luc Gatti, Lei Yang, Bin Wan, Liming Qiu, Jiao Zhang, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Major International (Regional) Joint Research Project of National Natural Science Foundation 31620103915, National Key R&D Program of China 2017YFD0200400, Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province LY18C140001, National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 31830074, Program for Chinese Innovation Team in Key Areas of Science and Technology of Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China 2016RA4008, and Program for Chinese Outstanding Talents in Agricultural Scientific Research of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], venom, Venom, Vacuole, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, 03 medical and health sciences, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae, Melanogaster, Envenomation, lcsh:Science, Drosophila melanogaster, ectoparasitoid, Caspase, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, apoptosis, biology.organism_classification, cell immunity, 3. Good health, Cell biology, 010602 entomology, Vacuolization, Apoptosis, Insect Science, biology.protein, lcsh:Q
Abstract: The pupal ectoparasitoid Pachycrepoideus vindemiae injects venom into its fly hosts prior to oviposition. We have shown that this venom causes immune suppression in Drosophila melanogaster pupa but the mechanism involved remained unclear. Here, we show using transgenic D. melanogaster with fluorescent hemocytes that the in vivo number of plasmatocytes and lamellocytes decreases after envenomation while it has a limited effect on crystal cells. After in vitro incubation with venom, the cytoskeleton of plasmatocytes underwent rearrangement with actin aggregation around the internal vacuoles, which increased with incubation time and venom concentration. The venom also decreased the lamellocytes adhesion capacity and induced nucleus fragmentation. Electron microscopy observation revealed that the shape of the nucleus and mitochondria became irregular after in vivo incubation with venom and confirmed the increased vacuolization with the formation of autophagosomes-like structures. Almost all venom-treated hemocytes became positive for TUNEL assays, indicating massive induced apoptosis. In support, the caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK attenuated the venom-induced morphological changes suggesting an involvement of caspases. Our data indicate that P. vindemiae venom inhibits D. melanogaster host immunity by inducing strong apoptosis in hemocytes. These assays will help identify the individual venom component(s) responsible and the precise mechanism(s)/pathway(s) involved.
Published: 2020

38. Evolution of pure hydrocarbon hosts: simpler structure, higher performance and universal application in RGB phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes

Author: Fan-Cheng Kong, Zuo-Quan Jiang, Liang-Sheng Liao, Sheng-Yi Yang, Joëlle Rault-Berthelot, Cassandre Quinton, Yang-Kun Qu, Olivier Jeannin, Cyril Poriel, Fabien Lucas, Sarvendra Kumar, Qiang Wang, Soochow University, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), National Key RandD Program of China [2016YFB0400700], National Natural Science Foundation of China National Natural Science Foundation of China [51773141, 51873139, 21572152], Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of ChinaNatural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province [BK20181442], CINES [2019-A0040805032], ANR French National Research Agency (ANR) [14-CE05-0024-Men, 19-CE05-0024-SpiroQuest], Region Bretagne (DIADEM project), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science Technology, Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), 111 Project Ministry of Education, China - 111 Project, Humboldt University Of Berlin, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-19-CE05-0024,SPIRO-QUEST,SPIRO-QUinolinophenothiazine: semi-conducteurs haute-performance pour des OLEDs Phosphorescentes monocouches(2019)
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, business.industry, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Heteroatom, Phosphor, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Chemistry, Hydrocarbon, chemistry, OLED, Optoelectronics, RGB color model, 0210 nano-technology, business, Phosphorescence, Diode
Abstract: In the field of phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs), designing high-efficiency universal host materials for red, green and blue (RGB) phosphors has been quite a challenge. To date, most of the high-efficiency universal hosts reported incorporate heteroatoms, which have a crucial role in the device performance. However, the introduction of different kinds of heterocycles increases the design complexity and cost of the target material and also creates potential instability in the device performance. In this work, we show that pure aromatic hydrocarbon hosts designed with the 9,9′-spirobifluorene scaffold are high-efficiency and versatile hosts for PhOLEDs. With external quantum efficiencies of 27.3%, 26.0% and 27.1% for RGB PhOLEDs respectively, this work not only reports the first examples of high-efficiency pure hydrocarbon materials used as hosts in RGB PhOLEDs but also the highest performance reported to date for a universal host (including heteroatom-based hosts). This work shows that the PHC design strategy is promising for the future development of the OLED industry as a high-performance and low-cost option., In this work, we propose pure hydrocarbon materials as universal hosts for high-efficiency red, green and blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes.
Published: 2020

39. Contribution of land use to the interannual variability of the land carbon cycle

Author: Chao Yue, Philippe Ciais, Alexander A. Nassikas, Richard A. Houghton, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Northwest A and F University, ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Woods Hole Research Center, Partenaires INRAE, European Research Council, ERC: ERC-2013-SyG-610028 'IMBALANCE-P Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS: XDB40000000 European Commission, EC: 603542 National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC: 41971132, C.Y. and P.C. acknowledge funding from the European Commission project LUC4C (grant no. 603542) and from the European Research Council through Synergy grant ERC-2013-SyG-610028 'IMBALANCE-P'. C.Y. is also supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant no. XDB40000000) and by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 41971132). We acknowledge the help by Junzhi Ye in compiling the forest biomass growth database., European Project: 610028,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-SyG,IMBALANCE-P(2014), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Biosphere model, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Carbon cycle, 03 medical and health sciences, 11. Sustainability, Tropical climate, Ecosystem, lcsh:Science, skin and connective tissue diseases, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Multidisciplinary, Land use, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Carbon sink, General Chemistry, Vegetation, Biogeochemistry, 15. Life on land, Climate resilience, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, sense organs, business, Climate sciences
Abstract: Understanding the driving mechanisms of the interannual variability (IAV) of the net land carbon balance (Snet) is important to predict future climate–carbon cycle feedbacks. Past studies showed that the IAV of Snet was correlated with tropical climate variation and controlled by semiarid vegetation. But today’s land ecosystems are also under extensive human land use and management. Here, we report a previously hidden role of land use in driving the IAV of Snet by using an improved biosphere model. We found that managed land accounted for 30–45% of the IAV of Snet over 1959–2015, while the contribution of intact land is reduced by more than half compared with previous assessments of the global carbon budget. Given the importance of land use in modulating future land climate–carbon cycle feedbacks, climate mitigation efforts should strive to reduce land-use emissions and enhance the climate resilience of carbon sinks over managed land., Terrestrial carbon uptake as high inter-annual variability which can be used to help understand future responses to climate change. Here the authors’ modeling reveals a large portion of this variability is driven by human land use changes and management, and not captured by other models.
Published: 2020

40. The world-class Nanling metallogenic belt (Jiangxi, China): W and Sn deposition at 160 Ma followed by 30 m.y. of hydrothermal metal redistribution

Author: Rolf L. Romer, Marc Poujol, Michel Cuney, Rucheng Wang, Nicolas Charles, Marc-Yves Lespinasse, Hélène Legros, Christian Marignac, Alfredo Camacho, Matthieu Harlaux, Julien Mercadier, GeoRessources, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Université de Genève (UNIGE), German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, Nanjing University (NJU), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières, MOE-SAFE, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Society for Experimental Mechanics, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth Sciences [Nanjing], Carnot BRGM-Orleans, Carnot ICEEL-Nancy, and National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)
Subjects: Mineralization (geology), Wolframite, 020209 energy, U-Pb dating, Geochemistry, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Hydrothermal circulation, World class, Metal, Xenotime, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Mica, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Redistribution (chemistry), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Geology, Ar-Ar dating, Tungsten deposit, Maoping deposit, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, engineering, Economic Geology, Radiometric dating, Nanling Range
Abstract: International audience; The W-Sn Maoping deposit and related W-Sn deposits from the world-class Nanling Range in Southeast Chinaformed at ca. 160 Ma and experienced several phases of metal addition and metal redistribution between 160and 130 Ma. Isotopic dating of ore mineral (wolframite) of Maoping demonstrates that W was deposited first,during a hydrothermal event at ca. 160 Ma. Successive fluid episodes, at ca. 156 Ma (Mo and Sn-rich fluid) and152 Ma (REE-rich fluid), resulted in the formation of REE- and Fe-Cu-Zn-sulfide minerals. A last fluid eventoccurring at ca. 130 Ma was responsible for the deposition of Zr-REE-Nb-Ta minerals that are attributed tomagmatic fluids derived from unexposed magmatic bodies. The three episodes of fluid circulation post-dating Wdeposition resulted in partial to complete resetting of the isotopic systems (mica, wolframite, xenotime), whichare conventionally used for dating such deposits. We show that W and Sn mineralization in the Nanling Rangeformed during a unique fluid event at ca. 160 Ma. Later fluid episodes redistributed the previously depositedmetals and sequentially introduced additional metals, including Mo-Sn, Fe-Cu-Zn, and Zr-REE-Nb-Ta. Directdating of paragenetically well-constrained minerals is therefore critical for determining the age and the durationof mineralizing processes and for characterizing the fluid evolution of magmatic-hydrothermal systems, as exemplifiedin the Nanling Range.
Published: 2020

41. Temporally downsampled cerebral CT perfusion image restoration using deep residual learning

Author: Dan Tong, Baosheng Li, Shijie Wang, Lu Zhang, Haichen Zhu, Limin Luo, Weiwen Wu, Hui Tang, Jian Zhu, Yang Chen, Jonchère, Laurent, Southeast University [Jiangsu], Jilin University (JLU), Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory of Image Science and Technology [Nanjing] (LIST), Southeast University [Jiangsu]-School of Computer Science and Engineering, Chongqing University [Chongqing], Nanjing Southeast University (SEU), Centre de Recherche en Information Biomédicale sino-français (CRIBS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Southeast University [Jiangsu]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Shandong University, 81530060, National Natural Science Foundation of China, 31571001, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nanjing Southeast University, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Southeast University [Jiangsu]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)
Subjects: Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, Perfusion Imaging, 0206 medical engineering, Acute ischemic stroke, Biomedical Engineering, Health Informatics, Perfusion scanning, 02 engineering and technology, Signal-To-Noise Ratio, Residual, Convolutional neural network, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Brain Ischemia, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Deep Learning, medicine, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, CT perfusion imaging, Contrast (vision), Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Stroke, Image restoration, media_common, [SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Low-dose CT, Deep residual CNN, business.industry, Pattern recognition, General Medicine, medicine.disease, 020601 biomedical engineering, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, 3. Good health, Computer Science Applications, Cerebral blood flow, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Surgery, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Artificial intelligence, Neural Networks, Computer, business, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Algorithms, Interpolation
Abstract: International audience; Purpose - Acute ischemic stroke is one of the most causes of death all over the world. Onset to treatment time is critical in stroke diagnosis and treatment. Considering the time consumption and high price of MR imaging, CT perfusion (CTP) imaging is strongly recommended for acute stroke. However, too much CT radiation during CTP imaging may increase the risk of health problems. How to reduce CT radiation dose in CT perfusion imaging has drawn our great attention. Methods - In this study, the original 30-pass CTP images are downsampled to 15 passes in time sequence, which equals to 50% radiation dose reduction. Then, a residual deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) model is proposed to restore the downsampled 15-pass CTP images to 30 passes to calculate the parameters such as cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, mean transit time, time to peak for stroke diagnosis and treatment. The deep restoration CNN is implemented simply and effectively with 16 successive convolutional layers which form a wide enough receptive field for input image data. 18 patients' CTP images are employed as training set and the other six patients' CTP images are treated as test dataset in this study. Results - Experiments demonstrate that our CNN can restore high-quality CTP images in terms of structural similarity index (SSIM) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). The average SSIM and PSNR for test images are 0.981 and 56.25, and the SSIM and PSNR of regions of interest are 0.915 and 42.44, respectively, showing promising quantitative level. In addition, we compare the perfusion maps calculated from the restored images and from the original images, and the average perfusion results of them are extremely close. Areas of hypoperfusion of six test cases could be detected with comparable accuracy by radiologists. Conclusion - The trained model can restore the temporally downsampled 15-pass CTP to 30 passes very well. According to the contrast test, sufficient information cannot be restored with, e.g., simple interpolation method and deep convolutional generative adversarial network, but can be restored with the proposed CNN model. This method can be an optional way to reduce radiation dose during CTP imaging.
Published: 2020

42. A wavelet transform-based photon starvation artifacts suppression algorithm in CT imaging

Author: Baosheng Li, Yang Chen, Baodong Liu, Cunfeng Wei, Shilei Hao, Jin Liu, Jian Zhu, Southeast University [Jiangsu], Anhui Polytechnic University, Centre de Recherche en Information Biomédicale sino-français (CRIBS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Southeast University [Jiangsu]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), Shandong University, State's Key Project of Research and Development Plan [2017YFA0104302, 2017YFC0109202], National Natural Science Foundation National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [81530060, 61871117], Science and Technology Program of Guangdong [2018B030333001], National Key RandD Program of China [2017YFF0107201], CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team [JCTD-2019-02], and Université de Rennes (UR)-Southeast University [Jiangsu]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Anisotropic diffusion, Streak, Wavelet Analysis, Image processing, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Wavelet, Optics, streak artifact, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Projection (set theory), wavelet transform, Physics, Photons, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, Noise (signal processing), business.industry, Phantoms, Imaging, Wavelet transform, anisotropic diffusion, Filter (signal processing), photon starvation, artifact suppression, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, business, Artifacts, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Algorithms, CT
Abstract: International audience; In computed tomography, high attenuation occurs when x-rays pass through a dense region or a long path in the scanning object. In this case, only limited photons reach the detector, which causes photon starvation artifacts. The artifacts usually appear as streaks along the directions with high attenuation. It might lower the discrimination of minor structures and lead to misdiagnosis. Applying a local filter to the projection data adaptively is a common solution, however, if the parameters of projection-based filter are not well selected, new artifacts and noise might appear in the final image. In this paper, a post image processing technique was developed to suppress the photon starvation streak artifacts. Based on the directional characteristics of streaks, a semi-adaptive anisotropic diffusion filter was applied to the high frequency sub-bands after wavelet transformation (WASA). Qualitative and quantitative experiments were performed on phantom data and clinical data to prove the effectiveness of this method for photon starvation artifact suppression.
Published: 2020

43. Causes of slowing-down seasonal CO2 amplitude at Mauna Loa

Author: Xiangyi Li, Shushi Peng, Sebastian Lienert, Ralph F. Keeling, Dan Zhu, Philippe Ciais, Atul K. Jain, Pierre Friedlingstein, Yilong Wang, Vivek K. Arora, Xuhui Wang, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, Yue He, Benjamin Poulter, Etsushi Kato, Nicolas Vuichard, Wolfgang Buermann, Martin Heimann, Danica Lombardozzi, Ning Zeng, Stephen Sitch, Vanessa Haverd, Kai Wang, Andy Wiltshire, Frédéric Chevallier, Shilong Piao, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project: B14001 National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA: NNX17AE74G 2017YFA0604702 Grand Ãquipement National De Calcul Intensif, GENCI National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC: 41530528, This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0604702), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41530528), and the 111 Project (B14001). This study was granted access to HPC resources of CCRT under allocation A0050102201 made by GENCI (Grand ?quipement National de Calcul Intensif). The CO2 measurements used in this study from Mauna Loa have been supported in recent years by NASA under grant NNX17AE74G, by Earth Networks, and by NOAA. The Mauna Loa observatory is maintained and operated by NOAA., Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project: B14001 National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA: NNX17AE74G 2017YFA0604702 Grand Ãquipement National De Calcul Intensif, GENCI National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC: 41530528
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, land use change, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric circulation, atmospheric circulation, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Biome, Climate change, Atmospheric sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, slowing-down, seasonal CO2 amplitude, Environmental Chemistry, Land use, land-use change and forestry, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Mauna Loa, Northern Hemisphere, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Amplitude, climate change, 13. Climate action, Environmental science
Abstract: International audience; Changing amplitude of the seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO2 (SCA) in the northern hemisphere is an emerging carbon cycle property. Mauna Loa (MLO) station (20°N, 156°W), which has the longest continuous northern hemisphere CO2 record, shows an increasing SCA before the 1980s (p
Published: 2020

44. Comparing water footprint and water scarcity footprint of energy demand in China's six megacities

Author: Wenpeng Wang, Xiawei Liao, Xiaoxi Wang, Martin R. Tillotson, Ruoshui Li, Wenfeng Liu, Xu Zhao, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), 2017YFA0603704, 2017YFC04043012 National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC: 41830757, This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2017YFA0603704, 2017YFC04043012 ), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41830757 )., Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 020209 energy, 02 engineering and technology, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Input-output analysis, 7. Clean energy, Water scarcity, 020401 chemical engineering, Beijing, Environmental protection, 11. Sustainability, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 0204 chemical engineering, China, Water-energy nexus, Mechanical Engineering, Virtual water, Building and Construction, 6. Clean water, Virtual scarce water, Water resources, General Energy, Megacity, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Environmental science, Water use
Abstract: International audience; Water is required throughout the life-cycle processes of energy production to meet the growing energy demands in China's megacities. However, the spatially explicit impact on water scarcity both inside and outside the megacity boundaries from megacities’ energy demands remains unknown. We quantified and compared the water footprint and water scarcity footprint for final energy demand (WFE and WSFE) in China's megacities from a consumption perspective. Six acknowledged megacities, i.e. Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing, Shenzhen and Guangzhou, were evaluated with an extended multi-region input–output model. The results showed that these megacities were endowed with only 2.60% of the national available water resources, but their WFE (WSFE) made up nearly 14.00% (13.50%) of the national total. The megacities located in Northern China generated a larger WSFE in their WFE than the cities in Southern China. Energy demands in these megacities were heavily dependent on scarce water sourced from beyond their administrative boundaries, together importing 84.10% of WSFE from elsewhere. Electricity demand dominated the volumetric water consumption, representing 52.00% of the WFE. The distribution was different for scarce water consumption, with coal demand generating 34.00% of total WSFE, followed by electricity (31.00%) and petroleum (26.00%). Although Northern China is faced with dire water scarcity, its scarce water is still being predominantly outsourced to support energy demands in both Northern and Southern megacities, mainly due to their coal and petroleum reserves. Location-specific pathways and foci should be applied for different megacities to decouple their energy demands and their scarce water consumption.
Published: 2020

45. Short-lived climate forcers have long-term climate impacts via the carbon–climate feedback

Author: Philippe Ciais, Xinyue Li, Yunman Han, Bengang Li, Yves Balkanski, Bo Fu, S. L. Piao, Thomas Gasser, Shu Tao, S. Peng, Luchao Han, Wei Li, Tianya Yin, Jie An, Jing Xu, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC: 41988101, 2019QZKK0208, 41830641, 41771495, This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant nos. 41771495, 41830641 and 41988101 and the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program grant no. 2019QZKK0208., and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 0303 health sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate system, chemistry.chemical_element, Climate change, Carbon sink, 15. Life on land, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Radiative forcing, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Term (time), 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Climate impact, Environmental science, Earth system model, Carbon, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs) like methane, ozone and aerosols have a shorter atmospheric lifetime than CO2 and are often assumed to have a short-term effect on the climate system: should their emissions cease, so would their radiative forcing (RF). However, via their climate impact, SLCFs can affect carbon sinks and atmospheric CO2, causing additional climate change. Here, we use a compact Earth system model to attribute CO2 RF to direct CO2 emissions and to climate–carbon feedbacks since the pre-industrial era. We estimate the climate–carbon feedback contributed 93 ± 50 mW m−2 (~5%) to total RF of CO2 in 2010. Of this, SLCF impacts were −13 ± 50 mW m−2, made up of cooling (−115 ± 43 mW m−2) and warming (102 ± 26 mW m−2) terms that largely cancel. This study illustrates the long-term impact that short-lived species have on climate and indicates that past (and future) change in atmospheric CO2 cannot be attributed only to CO2 emissions. Short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs) are thought to have short-term impacts relative to CO2. A compact Earth system model estimates SLCFs have caused substantial, long-term impacts via carbon–climate feedbacks since the pre-industrial era but species-dependent impacts of opposite sign largely cancel.
Published: 2020

46. Corrosion behavior characterization of as extruded Mg-8Li-3Al alloy with minor alloying elements (Gd, Sn and Cu) by scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy

Author: Chao Luo, Pengfei Sun, Zhi Hu, Zheng Yin, Hong Yan, Chassagne Luc, Hongyu Guan, Zhou Yin, Kun Wang, Qidong Liu, Honggun Song, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes de Versailles (LISV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Nanchang University, NCU: 2019-9166-27060003 National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC: 51961026, and The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 51961026 ) and Interdisciplinary Innovation Fund of Nanchang University (Project No. 2019-9166-27060003 )
Subjects: Mg–Li alloys, Sn, Materials science, Gd, 020209 energy, General Chemical Engineering, Alloy, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, Electrochemistry, Corrosion, Microscopy, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, General Materials Science, Hydrogen evolution, Composite material, Corrosion behavior, Cu, Kelvin probe force microscope, corrosion resistance, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Characterization (materials science), SKPFM, engineering, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; The effects of Gd, Sn and Cu on the corrosion behavior of as extruded Mg–8Li–3Al (LA83) alloy were characterized by scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy, weight loss, hydrogen evolution, and electrochemical measurements. Result revealed that many Al2Gd, Mg2Sn, and AlCuMg particles were discovered in modified alloys, respectively. The combined experimental results of weight loss, hydrogen evolution, and electrochemical analysis indicated that the addition of Gd and Sn improve the corrosion resistance of as extruded LA83 alloy while the addition of Cu weaken its corrosion resistance. The corrosion mechanisms of different elements in as extruded samples were discussed.
Published: 2020

47. Lie of the Weak: Inconsistent Corporate Social Responsibility Activities of Chinese Zombie Firms

Author: Shaozhen Han, Zhou Xun, Michel Lubrano, Guoming Li, Northwest University (Xi'an), Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics (JUFE), Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques (AMSE), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 71764008), The Ministry of Education of Humanities and Social Science Project (No. 17YJC790046), The Shaanxi Social Science Planning Fund Program (No. 2019D010), The Shaanxi Province Department of Education special scientific research project (No. 17JK0741), Nanjing University of Finance and Economics (NUFE), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 71764008, Shaanxi Social Science Planning Fund Program (No. 2019D010), Shaanxi Province Department of Education special scientific research project (No. 17JK0741), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Lhuillier, Elisabeth
Subjects: 020209 energy, Strategy and Management, Control (management), Zombie, reports, Accounting, 02 engineering and technology, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Order (exchange), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Endogeneity, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 0505 law, General Environmental Science, corporate social responsibility, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Subsidy, Building and Construction, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, fulfillment, zombie firms, 050501 criminology, Corporate social responsibility, Heckman correction, Listing (finance), business, disclosure, hypocrisy
Abstract: International audience; This study investigates the differences between zombie firms and non-zombie firms in corporate social responsibility activities such as reporting, disclosure and fulfillment. Using Chinese listing company data collected from 2009 to 2016, we apply a three stage model with a double Heckman correction to deal with potential self-selection/endogeneity bias and to measure the differences consistently. We found that zombie firms are less willing to release standalone corporate social responsibility reports than non-zombie firms. Among companies that release standalone corporate social responsibility reports, the corporate social responsibility disclosure of zombie firms is at least not worse than non-zombie firms, but the corporate social responsibility fulfillment is significantly lower. We conclude from this gap between disclosure and fulfillment to the hypocritical behavior of zombie firms, due to the absence of control in corporate social responsibility. We suggest that government should enhance supervision over zombie firms’ corporate social responsibility activities and subsidies towards them in order to lower their economic damage. Supplementary analyses provide some clues concerning the heterogeneity of inconsistence in term of external support characteristics, ownership and censorship which require further studies.
Published: 2020

48. Annual ecosystem respiration is resistant to changes in freeze–thaw periods in semi-arid permafrost

Author: Lili Jiang, Philippe Ciais, Huakun Zhou, Shiping Wang, Tsechoe Dorji, Yaoming Li, Caiyun Luo, Qi Wang, Huan Hong, Zhenhua Zhang, Yang Zhou, Paul Kardol, Josep Peñuelas, Peipei Liu, Shilonog Piao, Bowen Li, Fandong Meng, Yanfen Wang, Wangwang Lv, Lirong Zhang, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC: 41731175, 41988101 Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS: XDA20050101, XDA2005010405 National Key Research and Development Program of China, NKRDPC: 2016YFC0501802, 31672470, and This work was supported by projects from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41731175 and 41988101), Strategic Priority Research Program A of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA20050101 and XDA2005010405), National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0501802) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (31672470).
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, freeze–thaw events, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, ecosystem respiration, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, precipitation addition, Permafrost, Atmospheric sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Grassland, warming gradient, number and frequency of freeze–thaw cycles, Environmental Chemistry, Tibetan Plateau, Precipitation, semi-arid with ice-poor permafrost, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, Arid, 13. Climate action, Soil water, Environmental science, Ecosystem respiration
Abstract: International audience; Warming in cold regions alters freezing and thawing (F–T) of soil in winter, exposing soil organic carbon to decomposition. Carbon-rich permafrost is expected to release more CO2 to the atmosphere through ecosystem respiration (Re) under future climate scenarios. However, the mechanisms of the responses of freeze–thaw periods to climate change and their coupling with Re in situ are poorly understood. Here, using 2 years of continuous data, we test how changes in F–T events relate to annual Re under four warming levels and precipitation addition in a semi-arid grassland with discontinuous alpine permafrost. Warming shortened the entire F–T period because the frozen period shortened more than the extended freezing period. It decreased total Re during the F–T period mainly due to decrease in mean Re rate. However, warming did not alter annual Re because of reduced soil water content and the small contribution of total Re during the F–T period to annual Re. Although there were no effects of precipitation addition alone or interactions with warming on F–T events, precipitation addition increased total Re during the F–T period and the whole year. This decoupling between changes in soil freeze–thaw events and annual Re could result from their different driving factors. Our results suggest that annual Re could be mainly determined by soil water content rather than by change in freeze–thaw periods induced by warming in semi-arid alpine permafrost.
Published: 2020

49. Human activities aggravate nitrogen-deposition pollution to inland water over China

Author: Tiantian Yang, Feng Zhou, Yanlong Jia, Tao Yang, Philippe Ciais, Xudong Zhou, Guirui Yu, Chiyuan Miao, Butterbach-Bahl Klaus, Yang Gao, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC: 41871080, 41922003 Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences National Key Research and Development Program of China, NKRDPC: 2016YFC0500202, This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41922003 and 41871080), the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFC0500202) and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the CAS. The authors thank all anonymous reviewers for their helpful remarks., Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Nitrogen deposition, Pollution, dam, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, AcademicSubjects/SCI00010, media_common.quotation_subject, 01 natural sciences, N deposition, 03 medical and health sciences, Pollution in China, ddc:550, Leaching (agriculture), water area, China, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Multidisciplinary, Water area, human activity, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, Earth sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Environmental chemistry, Soil water, Earth Sciences, Environmental science, Terrestrial ecosystem, N concentration, AcademicSubjects/MED00010, Research Article
Abstract: In the past three decades, China has built more than 87 000 dams with a storage capacity of ≈6560 km3 and the total surface area of inland water has increased by 6672 km2. Leaching of N from fertilized soils to rivers is the main source of N pollution in China, but the exposure of a growing inland water area to direct atmospheric N deposition and N leaching caused by N deposition on the terrestrial ecosystem, together with increased N deposition and decreased N flow, also tends to raise N concentrations in most inland waters. The contribution of this previously ignored source of N deposition to freshwaters is estimated in this study, as well as mitigation strategies. The results show that the annual amounts of N depositions ranged from 4.9 to 16.6 kg · ha−1 · yr−1 in the 1990s to exceeding 20 kg · ha−1 · yr−1 in the 2010s over most of regions in China, so the total mass of ΔN (the net contribution of N deposition to the increase in N concentration) for lakes, rivers and reservoirs change from 122.26 Gg N · yr−1 in the 1990s to 237.75 Gg N · yr−1 in the 2010s. It is suggested that reducing the N deposition from various sources, shortening the water-retention time in dams and decreasing the degree of regulation for rivers are three main measures for preventing a continuous increase in the N-deposition pollution to inland water in China.
Published: 2020

50. SISTER: Spectral-Image Similarity-Based Tensor With Enhanced-Sparsity Reconstruction for Sparse-View Multi-Energy CT

Author: Weiwen Wu, Dianlin Hu, Limin Luo, Jin Liu, Yang Chen, Gouenou Coatrieux, Yanbo Zhang, Moran Xu, Rongjun Ge, Centre de Recherche en Information Biomédicale sino-français (CRIBS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Southeast University [Jiangsu]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Nanjing Southeast University (SEU), Chongqing University [Chongqing], University of Massachusetts [Lowell] (UMass Lowell), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Anhui University [Hefei], Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Medicale (LaTIM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO), Département lmage et Traitement Information (IMT Atlantique - ITI), IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province [KYCX17 0104], China Scholarship Council China Scholarship Council [201706090248], State's Key Project of Research and Development Plan [2017YFA0104302, 2017YFC0109202, 2018YFA0704102], National Natural Science Foundation National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [61871117, 61828101, 31571001], Science and Technology Program of Guangdong [2018B030333001], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Southeast University [Jiangsu]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Nanjing Southeast University, Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), and IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique)
Subjects: Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, Iterative reconstruction, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, L-0-norm of image gradient, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, tensor decomposition, Similarity (network science), Tensor (intrinsic definition), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Cluster analysis, sparse view reconstruction, Image gradient, business.industry, Multi-energy CT, non-local similarity, Pattern recognition, Computer Science Applications, Computational Mathematics, Feature (computer vision), Signal Processing, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Noise (video), Artificial intelligence, business, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: International audience; Multi-energy computed tomography (MCT) has a great potential in material decomposition, tissue characterization, lesion detection, and other applications. However, the severe noise that exists within projections makes it difficult to obtain high-quality MCT images. To overcome this limitation, we propose a method termed Spectral-Image Similarity-based Tensor with Enhanced-sparsity Reconstruction (SISTER) method. SISTER utilizes the non-local feature similarity in the spatial-spectral domain by clustering similar spatial-spectral patches within non-local window to a 4th-order tensor group. Compared with the image gradient L-0-norm with tensor dictionary learning (L0TDL) method, by adopting tensor decomposition rather than tensor dictionary learning, SISTER overcomes the instability of tensor dictionary. Besides, in our SISTER method the weight coefficients update strategy is also optimized. Both numerical simulation and preclinical dataset were performed to evaluate and validate the performance of SISTER. Qualitative and quantitative results show that the proposed method can lead to a promising improvement of edge preservation, finer feature recovery, and noise suppression.
Published: 2020

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Database

934 results on '"National Natural Science Foundation"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources