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1. Deeply virtual Compton scattering off the neutron

Author

M. Benali, C. Desnault, M. Mazouz, Z. Ahmed, H. Albataineh, K. Allada, K. A. Aniol, V. Bellini, W. Boeglin, P. Bertin, M. Brossard, A. Camsonne, M. Canan, S. Chandavar, C. Chen, J.-P. Chen, M. Defurne, C. W. de Jager, R. de Leo, A. Deur, L. El Fassi, R. Ent, D. Flay, M. Friend, E. Fuchey, S. Frullani, F. Garibaldi, D. Gaskell, A. Giusa, O. Glamazdin, S. Golge, J. Gomez, O. Hansen, D. Higinbotham, T. Holmstrom, T. Horn, J. Huang, M. Huang, G. M. Huber, C. E. Hyde, S. Iqbal, F. Itard, Ho. Kang, Hy. Kang, A. Kelleher, C. Keppel, S. Koirala, I. Korover, J. J. LeRose, R. Lindgren, E. Long, M. Magne, J. Mammei, D. J. Margaziotis, P. Markowitz, A. Martí Jiménez-Argüello, F. Meddi, D. Meekins, R. Michaels, M. Mihovilovic, N. Muangma, C. Muñoz Camacho, P. Nadel-Turonski, N. Nuruzzaman, R. Paremuzyan, R. Pomatsalyuk, A. Puckett, V. Punjabi, Y. Qiang, A. Rakhman, M. N. H. Rashad, S. Riordan, J. Roche, G. Russo, F. Sabatié, K. Saenboonruang, A. Saha, B. Sawatzky, L. Selvy, A. Shahinyan, S. Sirca, P. Solvignon, M. L. Sperduto, R. Subedi, V. Sulkosky, C. Sutera, W. A. Tobias, G. M. Urciuoli, D. Wang, B. Wojtsekhowski, H. Yao, Z. Ye, L. Zana, X. Zhan, J. Zhang, B. Zhao, Z. Zhao, X. Zheng, P. Zhu, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
quark: flavor, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics::Lattice, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory, n: structure function, nucleon, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, 010305 fluids & plasmas, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), deeply virtual Compton scattering, 0103 physical sciences, photon: scattering, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The three-dimensional structure of nucleons (protons and neutrons) is embedded in so-called generalized parton distributions, which are accessible from deeply virtual Compton scattering. In this process, a high energy electron is scattered off a nucleon by exchanging a virtual photon. Then, a highly-energetic real photon is emitted from one of the quarks inside the nucleon, which carries information on the quark's transverse position and longitudinal momentum. By measuring the cross-section of deeply virtual Compton scattering, Compton form factors related to the generalized parton distributions can be extracted. Here, we report the observation of unpolarized deeply virtual Compton scattering off a deuterium target. From the measured photon-electroproduction cross-sections, we have extracted the cross-section of a quasi-free neutron and a coherent deuteron. Due to the approximate isospin symmetry of quantum chromodynamics, we can determine the contributions from the different quark flavours to the helicity-conserved Compton form factors by combining our measurements with previous ones probing the proton's internal structure. These results advance our understanding of the description of the nucleon structure, which is important to solve the proton spin puzzle.

Published
2020
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2. A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton

Author

J. Huang, S. Riordan, M. Brossard, I. Korover, N. Nuruzzaman, S. Golge, H. Al-Bataineh, P. Bertin, William A. Tobias, Abdurahim Rakhman, H. Kang, H. Yao, A. Camsonne, Franco Meddi, Yujie Qiang, M. Huang, A. Kelleher, A. Martí Jiménez-Argüello, S. Koirala, Kiadtisak Saenboonruang, D. J. Margaziotis, Andrew Puckett, T. Horn, E. Fuchey, G.V. Russo, R. Ent, Z. W. Zhao, Z. Ye, S. Chandavar, J. LeRose, R. De Leo, O. Glamazdin, Olfred Hansen, E. Long, F. Garibaldi, V. Bellini, L. Selvy, Bogdan Wojtsekhowski, M. N. H. Rashad, R. A. Lindgren, Cynthia Keppel, P. Markowitz, Jian-Ping Chen, X. Zhan, M. Mihovilovic, Juliette Mammei, Arijit Saha, J. Gomez, V. A. Punjabi, S. Frullani, P. Nadel-Turonski, Alexandre Deur, K. A. Aniol, Chunhui Chen, S. Širca, D. Wang, F. Sabatié, X. Zheng, R. Paremuzyan, Ping Zhu, Mustafa Canan, Kalyan Allada, R. Michaels, D. G. Meekins, C. M. Sutera, M. L. Sperduto, M. Magne, Charles Hyde, B. Zhao, D. Flay, P. Solvignon, L. El Fassi, W. U. Boeglin, M. Defurne, M. Mazouz, Jie Zhang, B. Sawatzky, M. Benali, C. Desnault, Vincent Sulkosky, S. Iqbal, F. Itard, J. Roche, M. Friend, T. Holmstrom, D. Gaskell, Douglas Higinbotham, A. Giusa, A. Shahinyan, C. W. de Jager, C. Muñoz Camacho, Z. Ahmed, G. M. Urciuoli, R. Subedi, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers ( IRFU ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay ( IPNO ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont ( LPC ), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), Photon, Proton, High Energy Physics::Lattice, Nuclear Theory, General Physics and Astronomy, Virtual particle, parton: distribution function, Biochemistry, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], p: structure function, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), [ PHYS.NEXP ] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], lcsh:Science, Nuclear Experiment, Physics, energy: high, Multidisciplinary, strong interaction, Chemistry (all), Compton scattering: form factor, photon: energy spectrum, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, confinement, +electron+p+photon%22">electron p --> electron p photon, channel cross section: measured, Quark, electron p: deep inelastic scattering, Particle physics, electron: polarized beam, Science, Strong interaction, FOS: Physical sciences, Bethe-Heitler, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, energy dependence, quark, Physics and Astronomy (all), [ PHYS.HEXP ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], photon: emission, deeply virtual Compton scattering, 0103 physical sciences, structure, 010306 general physics, quantum mechanics: interference, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Compton scattering, General Chemistry, gluon, sensitivity, Gluon, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], Quark–gluon plasma, lcsh:Q, [ PHYS.HPHE ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], High Energy Physics::Experiment, holography, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), photon: virtual, experimental results
Abstract

The internal structure of nucleons (protons and neutrons) remains one of the greatest outstanding problems in modern nuclear physics. By scattering high-energy electrons off a proton we are able to resolve its fundamental constituents and probe their momenta and positions. Here we investigate the dynamics of quarks and gluons inside nucleons using deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS)—a highly virtual photon scatters off the proton, which subsequently radiates a photon. DVCS interferes with the Bethe-Heitler (BH) process, where the photon is emitted by the electron rather than the proton. We report herein the full determination of the BH-DVCS interference by exploiting the distinct energy dependences of the DVCS and BH amplitudes. In the regime where the scattering is expected to occur off a single quark, measurements show an intriguing sensitivity to gluons, the carriers of the strong interaction., It remains a challenge to find the structure and the distribution of the constituents of nucleons. Here the authors use a scattering method to get information about the gluons and quarks inside a proton and separate the contribution of Bethe-Heitler from the deeply virtual Compton scattering process.

Published
2017
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3. Photoproduction of pi+pi- meson pairs on the proton

Author

A. V. Vlassov, M. J. Amaryan, S. L. Careccia, E. Golovatch, W. Kim, R. De Vita, K. L. Giovanetti, D. Protopopescu, Martin K. Mayer, Larry Weinstein, D. P. Watts, H. Egiyan, S. Pozdniakov, M. Garçon, P. Khetarpal, Lorenzo Zana, G. E. Dodge, H. Y. Lu, Adam P. Szczepaniak, A. D'Angelo, I. Niculescu, C. S. Nepali, J. T. Goetz, K. Livingston, D. S. Dale, H. Hakobyan, L. Gan, M. Battaglieri, E. De Sanctis, Saini, Diane Schott, A. Deur, C. Hanretty, I. Nakagawa, A. I. Ostrovidov, B. Zhao, S. Fegan, D. I. Sober, K. Park, M. Y. Gabrielyan, L. Bibrzycki, A.V. Stavinsky, M. Khandaker, C. Bookwalter, D. G. Ireland, K. Moriya, P. Stoler, D. J. Tedeschi, Volker D. Burkert, A. S. Biselli, E. Wolin, Sergey Kuleshov, M. Osipenko, K. A. Griffioen, D. Doughty, Y. Prok, Gerard Gilfoyle, D. S. Carman, P. Eugenio, M. Taiuti, O. Glamazdin, K. Hicks, I. Bedlinskiy, A. Fradi, A. Gasparian, M. Kossov, Andreas Klein, D. Sokhan, N. Dashyan, J. Goett, B. McKinnon, Mokeev, M. Guidal, Barry Ritchie, Yordanka Ilieva, N. Hassall, M. Bellis, S. Park, K. Mikhailov, W. Gohn, S. Dhamija, D. Branford, S. Pisano, P. Collins, M. Mirazita, A. Teymurazyan, H. Baghdasaryan, R. W. Gothe, Leonard Lesniak, F. Sabatié, P. Rossi, J. M. Laget, Niroula, M. Holtrop, A. Daniel, E. L. Isupov, Crede, SA Pereira, Michael L. Williams, C. A. Meyer, G. V. Fedotov, S. Niccolai, S. Tkachenko, Mark W. Paris, M. Ripani, Carlos A. Salgado, Mochalov, M. Anghinolfi, K. P. Adhikari, Kuznetsov, D. P. Weygand, N. Pivnyuk, Michael Vineyard, C. Djalali, Drozdov, H. Seraydaryan, Y. G. Sharabian, P. L. Cole, Z. W. Zhao, M. E. McCracken, P. Nadel-Turonski, L. Guo, M. Ungaro, K. Joo, S. S. Stepanyan, C. E. Hyde, G. Rosner, J. Zhang, J. W. Price, R. A. Schumacher, G. Ricco, S. Stepanyan, W. J. Briscoe, E. Pasyuk, Brian Raue, Frank Klein, E. Munevar, Dustin Keller, A. Kubarovsky, Johnstone, Strakovsky, E. Clinton, Michael Wood, K. Hafidi, T. Mineeva, O. Pogorelko, Kubarovsky, F. X. Girod, S. Strauch, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), CLAS, and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
PI-PI-DYNAMICS, COUPLED-CHANNEL, DIFFRACTION DISSOCIATION, POLARIZED PHOTONS, HIGH-STATISTICS, GEV-C, SYSTEM, MODEL, CLAS, CHAMBER, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Meson, Proton, PI-PI-DYNAMICS, Photon energy, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, POLARIZED PHOTONS, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Nuclear physics, Particle decay, Pion, CLAS, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, DIFFRACTION DISSOCIATION, Momentum transfer, COUPLED-CHANNEL, HIGH-STATISTICS, GEV-C, SYSTEM, MODEL, CHAMBER, Production (computer science), High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

The exclusive reaction $$\gamma p \to p \pi^+ \pi^-$$ was studied in the photon energy range 3.0 - 3.8 GeV and momentum transfer range $0.4

Published
2009
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4. Probing cold dense nuclear matter

Author

Jrm Annand, P. Monaghan, B. Craver, B. D. Anderson, Pete Markowitz, R. Shneor, J. LeRose, E. Voutier, Yujie Qiang, Fatiha Benmokhtar, J. P. Chen, V. A. Punjabi, M. Potokar, G. J. Kumbartzki, R. Igarashi, R. A. Lindgren, Nilanga Liyanage, S. A. Wood, T. Holmstrom, G. M. Urciuoli, A. Kolarkar, V. Sulkosky, P. Solvignon, Bogdan Wojtsekhowski, Guy Ron, H. Benaoum, H. F. Ibrahim, A. Kelleher, J. Reinhold, Larry Weinstein, Simon Širca, F. Garibaldi, R. Subedi, C. F. Perdrisat, D. G. Meekins, B. Sawatzky, J. O. Hansen, W. U. Boeglin, S. Frullani, L. Zhu, Karl Slifer, Eli Piasetzky, X. Zheng, Shalev Gilad, C. W. de Jager, K. A. Aniol, Bryan J. Moffit, L. J. Kaufman, J. W. Watson, O. Glamazdin, A. Shahinyan, M. Mazouz, G. Rosner, R. Michaels, E. Cisbani, Arijit Saha, John Arrington, X. Jiang, Seonho Choi, Ronald Gilman, Douglas Higinbotham, E. Jans, D. J. Margaziotis, S. Marrone, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Multidisciplinary, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Strong interaction, Momentum transfer, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Nuclear matter, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Baryon, Nuclear physics, Neutron star, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The protons and neutrons in a nucleus can form strongly correlated nucleon pairs. Scattering experiments, where a proton is knocked-out of the nucleus with high momentum transfer and high missing momentum, show that in 12C the neutron-proton pairs are nearly twenty times as prevalent as proton-proton pairs and, by inference, neutron-neutron pairs. This difference between the types of pairs is due to the nature of the strong force and has implications for understanding cold dense nuclear systems such as neutron stars., 12 pages, 5 figures

Published
2008
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