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International audience; Investigating the organic content of archaeological pottery has largely focused on identifying food commodities, but their use and mode of processing still need to be thoroughly investigated. The present study aims to explore the diversity of organic residue absorption patterns, over a wider range of functions than previously studied by experimentation, by analysing ceramics still in use today. A field survey in Bedik Country, Senegal, where the use of pottery is still alive, was conducted to document the uses of ceramics and to interview potters and users of the vessels. As a preliminary study, nine ceramics whose use was recorded were investigated through 59 samples for their absorbed molecular profiles, lipid concentrations, and the preservation of triglycerides and C-18 unsaturated fatty acids. The interpretations were first carried out as a blind test and then compared with the actual use. Lipid concentrations and molecular profiles indicated a diversity of contents, and the comparison of samples taken along the vertical transects of the vessels resulted in pottery function hypotheses that were broadly aligned with the actual uses. Cooking pots for fat-rich products were successfully identified, but the various documented patterns showed that lipid accumulation in ceramics is more complex than expected. Although caution is required to adopt this approach for archaeological pots, the vessel for fermenting plant products has been identified. Last, this work pointed out that ceramics can be used for a wider range of purposes than those usually considered for archaeological pottery, such as steaming or cooking non-food products.

The work presented in this thesis focused on the analysis of archaeological vessels. Through the search for molecular markers, identified by Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry and the observation of archaeobotanical remains, this study aims to identify the original content of the studied vessels. The analysis of organic residues, both contained in the ceramic sherd and in the waterproofing layer inside the amphora, offers a first reading of the functionality of the object and its content. Particular importance is given to the botanical identification and formulation techniques used to produce a waterproofing matrix that was affixed to the inside of the amphora. The paleobotanical investigation that mainly focused on the search for pollen, brings a new angle of analysis by concentrating on the one hand on the characterization of environmental and/or economic fossil species, and on the other hand on the botanical origin of the identified pollens. In addition to the optimization of existing protocols for the extraction of molecules considered as biomarkers, this study focuses on the benefits of a multi-analytical archaeometric approach through the analysis of different archaeological artifacts from heterogeneous periods and contexts. Focusing on the Roman period, this thesis focuses on the analysis of wine and/or oil amphorae from the Planier 3 shipwreck (France) and the ancient anchorage of San Felice Circeo (Italy) before extending the methodology and the results to a "pouring" vase of singular typology dating from the Bronze Age (West Bank)., Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse se sont concentrés sur l'analyse de récipients archéologiques. A travers la recherche de marqueurs moléculaires, identifiés par chromatographie gazeuse couplée à un spectromètre de masse et l'observation de restes archéobotaniques, cette étude vise à identifier le contenu originel des récipients étudiés. L'analyse des résidus organiques, aussi bien contenu dans le tesson céramique que dans la couche imperméabilisante à l'intérieur de l'amphore, offre une première lecture de la fonctionnalité de l'objet et de sa contenance. Une importance toute particulière est accordée à l’identification botanique et les techniques de formulation utilisées pour produire une matrice imperméabilisante qui était apposée à l’intérieur de l’amphore. Le volet paléobotanique, principalement axé sur la recherche de pollen, apporte un angle d'analyse nouveau en se concentrant d’une part sur la caractérisation des espèces fossiles environnementales et/ou économiques, et d’autre part sur l'origine botanique des pollens identifiés. Outre l'optimisation des protocoles existants en matière d'extraction de molécules considérées comme biomarqueurs, cette étude met en avant les bénéfices d'une approche archéométrique multi-analytique à travers l'analyse de différents artéfacts archéologiques provenant de périodes et de contextes hétéroclites. En se concentrant sur l'époque romaine, cette thèse s'attarde sur l'analyse d'amphores à vin et/ou huile provenant des fouilles de l'épave du Planier 3 (France) et de l'ancien ancrage de San Felice Circeo (Italie) avant d'étendre la méthodologie et les acquis sur un vase « verseur » de typologie singulière datant de l'Age du Bronze (Cisjordanie).

International audience; Since the early 2000’s, archaeological excavations in the Nenjiang river basin have led tothe discovery of some of the oldest pottery assemblages in Northeast China, notably atthe sites of Houtaomuga and Shuangta (13.000 – 7.500 cal BP). These ceramics areimportant as they present the emergence of ceramic technology in the region. It hasbeen hypothesized that this is the result of a dietary shift which relies more on fishing.One way to approach this hypothesis and the issue of the relationship between potteryuse and changes in subsistence and food preparation methods is through the analysis oforganic residues trapped in these sherds. The research presented here examinesabsorbed lipid residues from 200 total pottery sherds from the Houtaomuga andShuangta sites to shed light on pottery use among hunter-gatherers in this region. Thesesamples come from Houtaomuga phase 1 through 4 and Shuangta Phase 1 and 2, in anattempt to understand pottery use over an extended period of site occupation. Residueshave been extracted from the sherds using a method that does not require the sherds tobe damaged and allows for more organics to be recovered. Extracts obtained have beensubsequently characterized and quantified using gas chromatography-massspectrometry (GC-MS). This paper will discuss the results of these analyses, focusing inparticular on what they can tell us about changes in subsistence and food preparationpractices over time.

International audience; The Roman Amphora Contents International Interactive Conference (RACIIC) conference’s main target was threefold: - To reflect on the inherent methodological challenges posed by the products traded in amphorae in Antiquity, and on their identification by historical, archaeological and archaeometric means ;- To update and compile existing knowledge about paleocontents in Roman amphorae in different regions and provinces ;- To generate synergies for the creation of an international and interdisciplinary group for the submission of a research project within the framework of the European Union’s research strategy.

International audience; Roman Amphora Contents: Reflecting on the Maritime Trade of Foodstuffs in Antiquity gathers together the results of the RACIIC International Congress (Roman Amphora Contents International Interactive Conference, Cádiz, 2015), dedicated to the distinguished Spanish amphorologist Miguel Beltrán Lloris. The aim is to reflect on the current state of knowledge about the palaeocontents of Roman amphorae. With over 30 specialists from different countries, the text examines four elements diachronically throughout the Roman period up to the 7th century, with some insights on pre-Roman times: 1) the intimate relationships between amphorae and their contents, from an interdisciplinary perspective (from tituli picti to the evidence from underwater sites, including the problems of reuse); 2) the contribution and current state of knowledge concerning archaeometric approaches (especially organic residue analysis); 3) the evidence at regional / provincial level (from Lusitania to Egypt); and 4) recent case studies, from Corinth, Pompeii and Arles to the Fretum Gaditanum, which allow us to illustrate the different and combined study methods, necessarily interdisciplinary (archaeological, archaeobotanical, archaeozoological, epigraphic, palynological or biomolecular), in order to advance in this transcendental theme and its significance for the economic history and maritime traffic of the Ancient World.

International audience; The Roman Amphora Contents International Interactive Conference (RACIIC) conference’s main target was threefold: - To reflect on the inherent methodological challenges posed by the products traded in amphorae in Antiquity, and on their identification by historical, archaeological and archaeometric means ;- To update and compile existing knowledge about paleocontents in Roman amphorae in different regions and provinces ;- To generate synergies for the creation of an international and interdisciplinary group for the submission of a research project within the framework of the European Union’s research strategy.

International audience; Roman Amphora Contents: Reflecting on the Maritime Trade of Foodstuffs in Antiquity gathers together the results of the RACIIC International Congress (Roman Amphora Contents International Interactive Conference, Cádiz, 2015), dedicated to the distinguished Spanish amphorologist Miguel Beltrán Lloris. The aim is to reflect on the current state of knowledge about the palaeocontents of Roman amphorae. With over 30 specialists from different countries, the text examines four elements diachronically throughout the Roman period up to the 7th century, with some insights on pre-Roman times: 1) the intimate relationships between amphorae and their contents, from an interdisciplinary perspective (from tituli picti to the evidence from underwater sites, including the problems of reuse); 2) the contribution and current state of knowledge concerning archaeometric approaches (especially organic residue analysis); 3) the evidence at regional / provincial level (from Lusitania to Egypt); and 4) recent case studies, from Corinth, Pompeii and Arles to the Fretum Gaditanum, which allow us to illustrate the different and combined study methods, necessarily interdisciplinary (archaeological, archaeobotanical, archaeozoological, epigraphic, palynological or biomolecular), in order to advance in this transcendental theme and its significance for the economic history and maritime traffic of the Ancient World.

International audience; The Roman Amphora Contents International Interactive Conference (RACIIC) conference’s main target was threefold: - To reflect on the inherent methodological challenges posed by the products traded in amphorae in Antiquity, and on their identification by historical, archaeological and archaeometric means ;- To update and compile existing knowledge about paleocontents in Roman amphorae in different regions and provinces ;- To generate synergies for the creation of an international and interdisciplinary group for the submission of a research project within the framework of the European Union’s research strategy.

International audience; Roman Amphora Contents: Reflecting on the Maritime Trade of Foodstuffs in Antiquity gathers together the results of the RACIIC International Congress (Roman Amphora Contents International Interactive Conference, Cádiz, 2015), dedicated to the distinguished Spanish amphorologist Miguel Beltrán Lloris. The aim is to reflect on the current state of knowledge about the palaeocontents of Roman amphorae. With over 30 specialists from different countries, the text examines four elements diachronically throughout the Roman period up to the 7th century, with some insights on pre-Roman times: 1) the intimate relationships between amphorae and their contents, from an interdisciplinary perspective (from tituli picti to the evidence from underwater sites, including the problems of reuse); 2) the contribution and current state of knowledge concerning archaeometric approaches (especially organic residue analysis); 3) the evidence at regional / provincial level (from Lusitania to Egypt); and 4) recent case studies, from Corinth, Pompeii and Arles to the Fretum Gaditanum, which allow us to illustrate the different and combined study methods, necessarily interdisciplinary (archaeological, archaeobotanical, archaeozoological, epigraphic, palynological or biomolecular), in order to advance in this transcendental theme and its significance for the economic history and maritime traffic of the Ancient World.

International audience; Roman Amphora Contents: Reflecting on the Maritime Trade of Foodstuffs in Antiquity gathers together the results of the RACIIC International Congress (Roman Amphora Contents International Interactive Conference, Cádiz, 2015), dedicated to the distinguished Spanish amphorologist Miguel Beltrán Lloris. The aim is to reflect on the current state of knowledge about the palaeocontents of Roman amphorae. With over 30 specialists from different countries, the text examines four elements diachronically throughout the Roman period up to the 7th century, with some insights on pre-Roman times: 1) the intimate relationships between amphorae and their contents, from an interdisciplinary perspective (from tituli picti to the evidence from underwater sites, including the problems of reuse); 2) the contribution and current state of knowledge concerning archaeometric approaches (especially organic residue analysis); 3) the evidence at regional / provincial level (from Lusitania to Egypt); and 4) recent case studies, from Corinth, Pompeii and Arles to the Fretum Gaditanum, which allow us to illustrate the different and combined study methods, necessarily interdisciplinary (archaeological, archaeobotanical, archaeozoological, epigraphic, palynological or biomolecular), in order to advance in this transcendental theme and its significance for the economic history and maritime traffic of the Ancient World.

International audience; The Republic site is located on the edge of a small coastal cliff at Talmont-Saint-Hilaire in Vendée (France). It is part of an extensive Bell Beaker settlement along the Vendée coast comprising of almost fifteen sites or possible sites over several kilometers. After the discovery of the Republic site in 1968 by Roger Joussaume, several archaeolog-ical excavations have been conducted between 1988 and 2015 (Bertrand Poissonnier in 1988, Jean-Maurice Gilbert in 1990, Henri Gandois and Lolita Rousseau in 2014 and 2015). Due to its geographical location, archaeological remains appear regularly on the surface or in cliff sections because of erosion. This paper is an overview of discoveries made in the last 50 years relating to this Bell Beaker settlement area (dated from the end of the late Neolithic to the beginning of the Early Bronze Age), which is characterized by a significant pottery corpus. One of the largest of north-west France, it comprises of 2044 sherds and 13.5 kilograms, at least 140 vessels. This includes 59 Bell Beaker vessels decorated with shell and comb printing, 35 cordoned vessels, two bowls and one spoon. 2 582 lithic artifacts made from small coastal pebbles and vein quartz using bipolar flaking as well as ground stone tools attest to knapping and domestic activities with several small knapping areas being identified. The site also shows some evidence of early copper metalworking including metallic slags and two possible features (although these could also have been features relating to salt production) during the early surveys and excavations. The latest archaeological excavation has shown that the metalworking took place on the site using a previously undoc-umented technique for the Atlantic façade, namely the smelting of ore in a furnace-vessel. Recent excavations have also provided the opportunity to make a comprehensive study of all of the artifacts, including those that have remained unpublished and to carry out use wear analysis on chipped stone tools, radiocarbon dating and analyses on cuprous elements and organic residues. The site located on the coast could be a short term and extensive domestic occupation. The geographical situation favors specialized activities such as metalworking and a possible salt production and/or subsistence on foreshore with access to lithic (pebbles, etc.), and fishing resources (shells, fish, etc.), as well as to a navigable network that has undoubtedly fostered trade. It is noteworthy that the few Bell Beaker sites with attested metalworking are located in coastal areas, with the hypothesis that copper ores originated from the Iberian Peninsula. These sites would also have been settlements as metalworking was generally carried out within a domestic context. At Republic, the main domestic area seems to lie outside of the perimeter of the various excavations, unless it has simply disappeared due to coastal erosion, the cliff face having retreated more than 8 meters in the last 30 years. The ongoing documentation of these sites by regular surveying and rescue excavations within the context of coastal erosion, will contribute to a better understanding of the many sites on the Atlantic coast.; Le site de la République est localisé en bordure de microfalaise à Talmont-Saint-Hilaire en Vendée (France). Il s’intègre au sein d’un vaste réseau d’occupations campaniformes observable tout le long du littoral vendéen, où près d’une quinzaine de sites sont attestés. Il a été découvert en 1968 par R. Joussaume suite à des prospections de sur-face et a fait l’objet de plusieurs opérations archéologiques de sauvetage entre 1988 et 2015 (B. Poissonnier en 1988, J.-M. Gilbert en 1990, H. Gandois et L. Rousseau en 2014 et 2015). En effet, il fait face à une érosion marine constante faisant apparaître très régulièrement des vestiges en surface ou en coupe de falaise. Cet article permet de faire le point sur cinquante années de découvertes effectuées sur cette vaste occupation attribuée à la culture campaniforme. Cette dernière se caractérise par un important lot de céramiques (l’un des plus conséquents pour le nord-ouest de la France : vases décorés à la coquille et au peigne et vases à cordons) et de pièces lithiques (débitage par percussion posée sur enclume, outils macrolithiques liés à des activités domestiques et de taille et amas de débitage), mais aussi par des indices d’une métallurgie cuprifère précoce. Cette dernière a été reconnue dès les interventions anciennes par la pré-sence de scories et de deux structures possiblement associées (même si l’hypothèse de structures à sel peut être aussi suggérée). Les dernières fouilles ont permis de montrer que cette activité a été menée in situ par le biais d’une technique inédite pour la façade atlantique, à savoir la réduction du minerai dans un vase-four. Enfin, les fouilles récentes ont été l’occasion d’apporter un nouveau regard sur ce site majeur, d’étudier l’intégralité du mobilier archéologique dont une grande partie était restée jusqu’alors inédite, ainsi que de réaliser de nouvelles analyses scientifiques (tracéologie, datation 14C, analyses des éléments cuivreux et des résidus de cuisson dans les céramiques).

Session IV-3. Apport des approches technologiques de la céramique à l'anthropologie et à l'archéologie des sociétés pré et protohistoriques; International audience; The origin and spread of pottery vessels marked an important change in culinary practices of prehistoric societies. Its introduction across Europe followed different geographic patterns and processes. In this context, the introduction and adoption of pottery technology in the western extreme of the continent occurred later than in other parts of South Europe.This presentation is focused on the earliest evidence of pottery use along the Southwestern Atlantic coast of Europe. In this way, representative pottery assemblages from Portugal, Spain and France are used to investigate the role of this technology in relation to the arrival of the first domesticates to the region. By applying organic residue analysis on extracted lipids (i. e. gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas-chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry), this presentation assesses the function of pottery during this unprecedented cultural transition, which supposed the end of the hunter-gatherers communities in the region. Our results reveal considerable geographic variability in early pottery use related to the processing of different animal products. The results have significant implications for discussing regional patterns in Neolithic diffusion and the nature of early agropastoral economies in western Europe.