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1. Shifts in the Abundances of Saprotrophic and Ectomycorrhizal Fungi With Altered Leaf Litter Inputs

Author

Sara Marañón-Jiménez, Dajana Radujković, Erik Verbruggen, Oriol Grau, Matthias Cuntz, Josep Peñuelas, Andreas Richter, Marion Schrumpf, Corinna Rebmann, CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), University of Antwerp (UA), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Vienna [Vienna], Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), and European Project: 610028,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-SyG,IMBALANCE-P(2014)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, media_common.quotation_subject, Plant Science, litter decomposition, Biology, Temperate deciduous forest, 01 natural sciences, Competition (biology), SB1-1110, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Botany, Organic matter, plant detritus, Original Research, media_common, soil fungal communities, chemistry.chemical_classification, Soil organic matter, ectomycorrhiza fungal exploration types, Plant culture, 15. Life on land, Plant litter, Substrate (marine biology), Decomposition, Gadgil effect, CO2 fluxes, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Litter, 010606 plant biology & botany, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

Ectomycorrhizal (EcM) and saprotrophic fungi interact in the breakdown of organic matter, but the mechanisms underlying the EcM role on organic matter decomposition are not totally clear. We hypothesized that the ecological relations between EcM and saprotroph fungi are modulated by resources availability and accessibility, determining decomposition rates. We manipulated the amount of leaf litter inputs (No-Litter, Control Litter, Doubled Litter) on Trenched (root exclusion) and Non-Trenched plots (with roots) in a temperate deciduous forest of EcM-associated trees. Resultant shifts in soil fungal communities were determined by phospholipid fatty acids and DNA sequencing after 3 years, and CO2 fluxes were measured throughout this period. Different levels of leaf litter inputs generated a gradient of organic substrate availability and accessibility, altering the composition and ecological relations between EcM and saprotroph fungal communities. EcM fungi dominated at low levels of fresh organic substrates and lower organic matter quality, where short-distances exploration types seem to be better competitors, whereas saprotrophs and longer exploration types of EcM fungi tended to dominate at high levels of leaf litter inputs, where labile organic substrates were easily accessible. We were, however, not able to detect unequivocal signs of competition between these fungal groups for common resources. These results point to the relevance of substrate quality and availability as key factors determining the role of EcM and saprotroph fungi on litter and soil organic matter decay and represent a path forward on the capacity of organic matter decomposition of different exploration types of EcM fungi.

Published
2021
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2. Decay of similarity across tropical forest communities: integrating spatial distance with soil nutrients

Author

Jordi Sardans, Jérôme Murienne, Lucie Zinger, Leandro Van Langenhove, Romà Ogaya, Albert Gargallo-Garriga, Amaia Iribar, Olga Margalef, Irene Ramirez-Rojas, Elodie A. Courtois, Lore T. Verryckt, Ivan A. Janssens, Jérôme Orivel, Guille Peguero, Josep Peñuelas, Andreas Richter, Erik Verbruggen, Dolores Asensio, Oriol Grau, Clément Stahl, Joan Llusià, Miquel Ferrín, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, Interactions des Systèmes amazoniens (LEEISA), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) (IBENS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Soil biodiversity, scale-dependency, soil biodiversity, Rainforest, Forests, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Soil, 03 medical and health sciences, Propagule, nutrients, Sampling design, Ecosystem, Soil Microbiology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Ecological niche, 0303 health sciences, Community, Ecology, Biodiversity, environmental filtering, 15. Life on land, French Guiana, Chemistry, metabarcoding, Spatial ecology, Biological dispersal, community assembly, dispersion, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

Altres ajuts: acords transformatius de la UAB Understanding the mechanisms that drive the change of biotic assemblages over space and time is the main quest of community ecology. Assessing the relative importance of dispersal and environmental species selection in a range of organismic sizes and motilities has been a fruitful strategy. A consensus for whether spatial and environmental distances operate similarly across spatial scales and taxa, however, has yet to emerge. We used censuses of four major groups of organisms (soil bacteria, fungi, ground insects, and trees) at two observation scales (1-m sampling point vs. 2,500-m plots) in a topographically standardized sampling design replicated in two tropical rainforests with contrasting relationships between spatial distance and nutrient availability. We modeled the decay of assemblage similarity for each taxon set and site to assess the relative contributions of spatial distance and nutrient availability distance. Then, we evaluated the potentially structuring effect of tree composition over all other taxa. The similarity of nutrient content in the litter and topsoil had a stronger and more consistent selective effect than did dispersal limitation, particularly for bacteria, fungi, and trees at the plot level. Ground insects, the only group assessed with the capacity of active dispersal, had the highest species turnover and the flattest nonsignificant distance−decay relationship, suggesting that neither dispersal limitation nor nutrient availability were fundamental drivers of their community assembly at this scale of analysis. Only the fungal communities at one of our study sites were clearly coordinated with tree composition. The spatial distance at the smallest scale was more important than nutrient selection for the bacteria, fungi, and insects. The lower initial similarity and the moderate variation in composition identified by these distance-decay models, however, suggested that the effects of stochastic sampling were important at this smaller spatial scale. Our results highlight the importance of nutrients as one of the main environmental drivers of rainforest communities irrespective of organismic or propagule size and how the overriding effect of the analytical scale influences the interpretation, leading to the perception of greater importance of dispersal limitation and ecological drift over selection associated with environmental niches at decreasing observation scales.

Published
2021
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3. Soil nutrient variation along a shallow catena in Paracou, French Guiana

Author

Ivan A. Janssens, Lore T. Verryckt, Dolores Asensio, Oriol Grau, Guille Peguero, Leandro Van Langenhove, Ifigenia Urbina, Olga Margalef, Vincent Freycon, Clément Stahl, Elodie A. Courtois, Josep Peñuelas, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Forêts et Sociétés (UPR Forêts et Sociétés), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), and ANR CEBA: ANR-10-LABX-25-01 ANR-11-INBS-0001

Subjects
Topography, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Disponibilité nutriments (sol), forêt tropicale, 01 natural sciences, Substance nutritive, Nutrient, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Drainage, Acrisol, Phosphorus, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, French Guiana, Disponibilité d'élément nutritif, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Erosion, Soil texture, Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Fertilité du sol, Water drainage, Biology, Paracou, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Hydrology, P35 - Fertilité du sol, P34 - Biologie du sol, 15. Life on land, chemistry, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Sol de forêt, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Tropical rainforest, Lowland tropical forest
Abstract

International audience; Tropical forests are generally considered to stand upon nutrient-poor soils, but soil nutrient concentrations and availabilities can vary greatly at local scale due to topographic effects on erosion and water drainage. In this study we physically and chemically characterised the soils of 12 study plots situated along a catena with a shallow slope in a tropical rainforest in French Guiana both during the wet and the dry season to evaluate seasonal differences. Soils along the catena were all Acrisols, but differed strongly in their water drainage flux. Over time, this differential drainage has led to differences in soil texture and mineral composition, affecting the adsorption of various nutrients, most importantly phosphorus. The more clayey soils situated on the slope of the catena had higher total concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and several micronutrients, while extractable nutrient concentrations were highest in the sandiest soils situated at the bottom of the catena. We found that carbon, nitrogen and extractable nutrients all varied seasonally, especially in the surface soil layer. These results are interesting because they show that, even at the local scale, small differences in topography can lead to large heterogeneity in nutrient concentrations, which can have large impacts on plant and microbial community organisation at the landscape level.

Published
2021
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4. Multicenter Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease immune biomarker verification study

Author

Sarah Bujac, Samir Bekadar, Marc Stauch, Reinhard Schneider, Holger Froehlich, Bruno Dubois, Albert Lladó, Wassilios G. Meissner, Viktor K. Jirsa, Ina Schmitt, Cecile Gaudebout, Michael T. Heneka, Jean-Christophe Corvol, Nathan Lawless, Tamas Letoha, Aishwarya Alex Namasivayam, Grégory Operto, Anna Antonell, Johan Van der Lei, Eloi Magnin, Phil Scordis, Ana Graf, Oriol Grau, Ana Diaz, Per Svenningsson, Mircea alasam, José Luis Molinuevo, Sofia Bergström, Stephanie Carvalho, Dianne Gove, Ioanna Markaki, Stéphane Epelbaum, Lorena Rami, Raffaele Cacciaglia, Panagiota Tsitsi, Raquel Sánchez-Valle, Jean Georges, Carl-Christian Kolbe, Olivier Rascol, Ullrich Wüllner, Frederic Brosseron, Boris Labrador, Frederic rosseron, Sergio Castro-Gomez, Noemí Carranza, Pawel Tacik, Matthew Page, Jacqueline Marovac, Eicke Latz, Luc Canard, Graziella Mangone, Martin Hofmann-Apitius, Nikolaus Forgo, Beatriz Bosch, Peter Nilsson, Francesco Santarelli, Stephan Springstubbe, University of Bonn, German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases - Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Luxembourg Centre For Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg [Luxembourg], Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Service de neurologie 1 [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Apolipoprotein E, Male, Cellular pathology, Aging, Parkinson's disease, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Disease, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, cerebrospinal fluid [Parkinson Disease], Multicenter, Aged, 80 and over, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Health Policy, Neurodegeneration, Age Factors, Parkinson Disease, Middle Aged, Alzheimer's disease, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], cerebrospinal fluid [Alzheimer Disease], Europe, Psychiatry and Mental health, Cerebrospinal fluid, cerebrospinal fluid [Biomarkers], Biomarker (medicine), Female, Amyloid, tau Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Immune system, Sex Factors, Developmental Neuroscience, Immunity, Alzheimer Disease, medicine, Humans, ddc:610, Aged, Inflammation, business.industry, Mild cognitive impairment, Biomarker, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, cerebrospinal fluid [tau Proteins], Immunology, cerebrospinal fluid [Amyloid], Neurology (clinical), Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tau, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biomarkers, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

International audience; INTRODUCTION:Multiple immunity biomarkers have been suggested as tracers of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration. This study aimed to verify findings in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) subjects from the network of the European, Innovative Medicines Initiative-funded project AETIONOMY.METHODS:A total of 227 samples from the studies/centres AETIONOMY, ICEBERG, and IDIBAPS were used to analyse 21 selected immunity biomarkers in CSF. Results were compared to data of an independent cohort of 399 subjects previously published.RESULTS:Immunity markers were predominantly and reproducibly associated with pathological levels of tau isoforms, but also with amyloid levels, aging, sex, APOE genotype, and center-specific factors.DISCUSSION:Immunity biomarker levels in CSF reflect molecular and cellular pathology rather than diagnosis in neurodegenerative disorders. Assay standardization and stratification for age and other covariates could improve the power of such markers in clinical applications or intervention studies targeting immune responses in neurodegeneration.

Published
2020
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5. Belowground impacts of alpine woody encroachment are determined by plant traits, local climate, and soil conditions

Author

Hui Guo, Concepción L. Alados, Nuttapon Pombubpa, Chatrina Caviezel, Marko J. Spasojevic, Jana Müllerová, Oriol Grau, Nikolas J. Kuhn, Jason E. Stajich, Gaku Kudo, Nicoletta Cannone, Hannah Shulman, Courtney G. Collins, Frédérique Reverchon, Juan C. Benavides, Michala L. Phillips, Sören E. Weber, Alexia Stokes, Jeffrey M. Diez, Emma L. Aronson, Institute of Arctic Alpine Research [University of Colorado Boulder] (INSTAAR), University of Colorado [Boulder], University of California [Riverside] (UC Riverside), University of California (UC), Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ), Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria = University of Insubria [Varese] (Uninsubria), University of Basel (Unibas), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Nanjing Agricultural University (NAU), Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Instituto de Ecologia (INECOL), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ANR-16-CE03-0009,ECOPICS,Services écosystémiques souterrains produits par les communautés végétales le long de gradients altitudinaux en France et au Mexique(2016), Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología-CSIC (IPE-CSIC), Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria, Nanjing Agricultural University, University of Zurich, and Collins, Courtney G

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Nitrogen, Climate, 2306 Global and Planetary Change, Soil microbes, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 2300 General Environmental Science, 10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Soil, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Soil pH, Environmental Chemistry, Land use, land-use change and forestry, Plant–soil interactions, Woody encroachment, Global change, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, 2. Zero hunger, Abiotic component, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, 15. Life on land, Herbaceous plant, Plants, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Alpine, Arid, 13. Climate action, 2304 Environmental Chemistry, Soil water, Leaf traits, Environmental science, 570 Life sciences, biology, 590 Animals (Zoology), alpine, global change, leaf traits, plant–soil interactions, soil microbes, woody encroachment, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 2303 Ecology, Woody plant
Abstract

International audience; Global climate and land use change are causing woody plant encroachment in arctic, alpine, and arid/semi-arid ecosystems around the world, yet our understanding of the belowground impacts of this phenomenon is limited. We conducted a globally distributed field study of 13 alpine sites across four continents undergoing woody plant encroachment and sampled soils from both woody encroached and nearby herbaceous plant community types. We found that woody plant encroachment influenced soil microbial richness and community composition across sites based on multiple factors including woody plant traits, site level climate, and abiotic soil conditions. In particular, root symbiont type was a key determinant of belowground effects, as Nitrogen-fixing woody plants had higher soil fungal richness, while Ecto/Ericoid mycorrhizal species had higher soil bacterial richness and symbiont types had distinct soil microbial community composition. Woody plant leaf traits indirectly influenced soil microbes through their impact on soil abiotic conditions, primarily soil pH and C:N ratios. Finally, site-level climate affected the overall magnitude and direction of woody plant influence, as soil fungal and bacterial richness were either higher or lower in woody encroached versus herbaceous soils depending on mean annual temperature and precipitation. All together, these results document global impacts of woody plant encroachment on soil microbial communities, but highlight that multiple biotic and abiotic pathways must be considered to scale up globally from site- and species-level patterns. Considering both the aboveground and belowground effects of woody encroachment will be critical to predict future changes in alpine ecosystem structure and function and subsequent feedbacks to the global climate system. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

Published
2020
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6. Rapid root assimilation of added phosphorus in a lowland tropical rainforest of French Guiana

Author

Leandro Van Langenhove, Lore T. Verryckt, Elodie A. Courtois, Sara Vicca, Oriol Grau, Josep Peñuelas, Laëtitia Bréchet, Ivan A. Janssens, Ifigenia Urbina, Guille Peguero, Albert Gargallo-Garriga, Clément Stahl, Jordi Sardans, Iain P. Hartley, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Elsevier

Subjects
Root system, Nitrogen, Plant root simulator probes, Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, Rainforest, engineering.material, Biology, Microbiology, Human fertilization, Nutrient, Tropical forest, Plant root, Phosphorus, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Simulator probes, Agronomy, chemistry, Fertilization, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, engineering, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Fertilizer, Tropical rainforest
Abstract

International audience; Tree growth on weathered soils in lowland tropical forests is limited by low phosphorous (P) availability. However, nutrient manupulation experiments do not always increase the P content in these trees, which raises the question whether trees are taking up added P. In French Guianese lowland rainforest, we measured changes in nitrogen (N) and P availability before and up to two months after N and P fertilizer addition, in soils with intact root systems and in soils where roots and mycorrhizal fungi were excluded by root exclusion cylinders. When the root system was excluded, P addition increased P availability to a much greater extent and for a longer time than in soils with an intact root system. Soil N dynamics were unaffected by root presence/absence. These results indicate rapid P uptake, but not N uptake, by tree roots, suggesting a very effective P acquisition process in these lowland rainforests.

Published
2020
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7. Prevalence of amyloid‐β pathology in distinct variants of primary progressive aphasia

Author

Philip Scheltens, Ellen Gelpi, Raquel Sánchez-Valle, María Nieves Cabrera-Martín, Rik Ossenkoppele, Olivier Piguet, William W. Seeley, Gaël Chételat, Harro Seelaar, M.-Marsel Mesulam, Willemijn J. Jansen, Miguel A. Santos-Santos, M. Antoinette Keulen, David J. Irwin, Julia Keith, Kristensen Nora, Janine Diehl-Schmid, Edmond Teng, Jordi A. Matías-Guiu, Mario Masellis, Marie Sarazin, Yolande A.L. Pijnenburg, Bradford C. Dickerson, Murray Grossman, Ismael Calandri, Claire Paquet, Timo Grimmer, Roberto Santangelo, Ian R. A. Mackenzie, Robert Laforce, Jeéreémie Pariente, Cristian E. Leyton, Lejla Koric, Jennifer M. Harris, Jason D. Warren, Rik Vandenberghe, John C. van Swieten, Wiesje M. van der Flier, Ging-Yuek Robin Hsiung, Elias Granadillo, Rémi W. Bouchard, Vincent Deramecourt, Niklas Mattsson, Sandra E. Black, Christopher C. Rowe, Jonathan M. Schott, Philipp T. Meyer, David G. Mann, Marc Teichmann, Colin Groot, Florence Pasquier, Alejandra A. Amengual, Victor L. Villemagne, Patricio Chrem-Méndez, Nick C. Fox, Giuseppe Magnani, Jonathan D. Rohrer, Bart N.M. van Berckel, Eloi Magnin, John R. Hodges, Mario F. Mendez, Janne M. Papma, Pieter Jelle Visser, Oskar Hansson, Michel Bottlaender, Matthew Jones, Bruce L. Miller, Julien Dumurgier, Emily Rogalski, Alberto Lleó, Sang Won Seo, Rafael Blesa, Juan Fortea, Oriol Grau-Rivera, David Bergeron, Kristian Steen Frederiksen, Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini, Gil D. Rabinovici, David A. Wolk, Bruno Dubois, Christer Nilsson, Lars Frings, Serge Belliard, Julie S. Snowden, Pascual Sánchez-Juan, Carole Miguet-Alfonsi, Duchange, Nathalie, Interdisciplinary Clinic of Memory of the Child Jesus, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center [Amsterdam], Memory and Aging Center [San Francisco, CA, États-Unis], University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Llobregat Hospital [Barcelona], Institute of Neurology [London], University College of London [London] (UCL), August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute [Barcelona], Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), The University of Sydney, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders [Sidney], Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Rush University [Chicago], Northwestern University Medical School [Chicago], Service de neurologie et de neuropsychologie, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Toulouse Neuro Imaging Center (ToNIC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University of British Columbia (UBC), University of Pennsylvania, Greater Manchester Neurosciences Centre, University of Manchester [Manchester], Neurological Research Institute [Buenos Aires], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Vita Salute University [Milan], IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele [Milan, Italy], Troubles cognitifs dégénératifs et vasculaires - U 1171 (TCDV), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Lund University [Lund], Skane University Hospital [Malmo], University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Research Institute [Toronto] (SRI), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), San Carlos Clinical Hospital [Madrid], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Imagerie Moléculaire in Vivo (IMIV - U1023 - ERL9218), Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Austin Health, University of Melbourne, University Hospitals Leuven [Leuven], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, University Hospital of Freiburg, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Santa Cruz and Saint Paul Hospital [Barcelona], Center for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases [Barcelona], Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Institute Division of Hematology/Oncology, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Danish Dementia Research Center [Copenhagen], Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital [Santander], Physiopathologie et imagerie des troubles neurologiques (PhIND), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), School for Mental Health and Neuroscience - Alzheimer Center Limburg (MUMC), Maastricht University [Maastricht], Banner Alzheimer's Institute [Phoenix], Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire de l'Enfant-Jésus, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Laval (CHUL), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), University Hospital Freiburg, Neurology, Divisions, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neurodegeneration, Radiology and nuclear medicine, APH - Personalized Medicine, APH - Methodology, Epidemiology and Data Science, Human genetics, Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, RS: MHeNs - R1 - Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Troubles cognitifs dégénératifs et vasculaires - U 1171 - EA 1046 (TCDV), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California-University of California, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of California, VU University Amsterdam, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), and Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU)

Subjects
Male, NATIONAL INSTITUTE, 0301 basic medicine, Apolipoprotein E, Aging, Pathology, Neurology, LANGUAGE, Autopsy, Neurodegenerative, Alzheimer's Disease, Primary progressive aphasia, 0302 clinical medicine, 80 and over, Prevalence, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Medicine, HETEROGENEITY, Aetiology, Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (ADRD), ALZHEIMER-DISEASE, Aged, 80 and over, screening and diagnosis, DEMENTIA, Age Factors, Brain, Frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Middle Aged, respiratory system, 3. Good health, Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), Detection, Neurological, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Alzheimer's disease, medicine.symptom, 4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies, medicine.medical_specialty, Genotype, Primary Progressive, Clinical Sciences, BIOMARKERS, DIAGNOSIS, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Rare Diseases, Apolipoproteins E, Clinical Research, Aphasia, mental disorders, Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Genetics, Humans, Dementia, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Aged, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Amyloid beta-Peptides, business.industry, Neurosciences, Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD), medicine.disease, Brain Disorders, Aphasia, Primary Progressive, PET, 030104 developmental biology, FRONTOTEMPORAL PATHOLOGY, Neurology (clinical), CONSENSUS, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Objective Methods To estimate the prevalence of amyloid positivity, defined by positron emission tomography (PET)/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and/or neuropathological examination, in primary progressive aphasia (PPA) variants. We conducted a meta-analysis with individual participant data from 1,251 patients diagnosed with PPA (including logopenic [lvPPA, n = 443], nonfluent [nfvPPA, n = 333], semantic [svPPA, n = 401], and mixed/unclassifiable [n = 74] variants of PPA) from 36 centers, with a measure of amyloid-beta pathology (CSF [n = 600], PET [n = 366], and/or autopsy [n = 378]) available. The estimated prevalence of amyloid positivity according to PPA variant, age, and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) epsilon 4 status was determined using generalized estimating equation models. Results Interpretation Amyloid-beta positivity was more prevalent in lvPPA (86%) than in nfvPPA (20%) or svPPA (16%; p

Published
2018
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