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1. Wave-front error breakdown in laser guide star multi-object adaptive optics validated on-sky by Canary

Author

Tim Morris, O. Martin, Carlos Correia, David Henry, Damien Gratadour, G. Rousset, Alastair Basden, Richard M. Myers, Fabrice Vidal, Eric Gendron, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Wavefront, media_common.quotation_subject, Strehl ratio, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Residual, instrumentation: adaptive optics, 01 natural sciences, methods: data analysis, 010309 optics, Pathfinder, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Phase variance, 0103 physical sciences, Adaptive optics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Spectrograph, media_common, Remote sensing, Mathematics
Abstract

Context. Canary is the multi-object adaptive optics (MOAO) on-sky pathfinder developed in the perspective of multi-object spectrograph on extremely large telescopes (ELTs). In 2013, Canary was operated on-sky at the William Herschel telescope (WHT), using three off-axis natural guide stars (NGS) and four off-axis Rayleigh laser guide stars (LGS), in open-loop, with the on-axis compensated turbulence observed with a H-band imaging camera and a Truth wave-front sensor (TS) for diagnostic purposes. Aims. Our purpose is to establish a reliable and accurate wave-front error breakdown for LGS MOAO. This will enable a comprehensive analysis of Canary on-sky results and provide tools for validating simulations of MOAO systems for ELTs. Methods. To evaluate the MOAO performance, we compared the Canary on-sky results running in MOAO, in single conjugated adaptive optics (SCAO) and in ground layer adaptive optics (GLAO) modes, over a large set of data acquired in 2013. We provide a statistical study of the seeing. We also evaluated the wave-front error breakdown from both analytic computations, one based on a MOAO system modelling and the other on the measurements from the Canary TS. We have focussed especially on the tomographic error and we detail its vertical error decomposition. Results. We show that Canary obtained 30.1%, 21.4% and 17.1% H-band Strehl ratios in SCAO, MOAO and GLAO respectively, for median seeing conditions with 0.66′′ of total seeing including 0.59′′ at the ground. Moreover, we get 99% of correlation over 4500 samples, for any AO modes, between two analytic computations of residual phase variance. Based on these variances, we obtain a reasonable Strehl-ratio (SR) estimation when compared to the measured IR image SR. We evaluate the gain in compensation for the altitude turbulence brought by MOAO when compared to GLAO.

Published
2017

2. On‐sky demonstration of matched filters for wavefront measurements using ELT‐scale elongated laser guide stars

Author

Mauro Centrone, David R. Jenkins, Andrew P. Reeves, Alastair Basden, Tristan Buey, G. Lombardi, Fabrice Vidal, Tim Morris, Lisa Bardou, Enrico Marchetti, Eric Gendron, D. Bonaccini Calia, I. Guidolin, Marcos Reyes, G. Rousset, Fanny Chemla, Jean-Luc Gach, James Osborn, Richard M. Myers, Damien Gratadour, Matthew J. Townson, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Wavefront, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], business.industry, Matched filter, Strehl ratio, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Optics, Laser guide star, Space and Planetary Science, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, William Herschel Telescope, business, Adaptive optics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Thirty Meter Telescope, Remote sensing
Abstract

The performance of adaptive optics systems is partially dependant on the algorithms used within the real-time control system to compute wavefront slope measurements. We demonstrate use of a matched filter algorithm for the processing of elongated laser guide star (LGS) Shack-Hartmann images, using the CANARY adaptive optics instrument on the 4.2m William Herschel Telescope and the European Southern Observatory Wendelstein LGS Unit placed 40m away. This algorithm has been selected for use with the forthcoming Thirty Meter Telescope, but until now had not been demonstrated on-sky. From the results of a first observing run, we show that the use of matched filtering improves our adaptive optics system performance, with increases in on-sky H-band Strehl measured up to about a factor of 1.1 with respect to a conventional centre of gravity approach. We describe the algorithm used, and the methods that we implemented to enable on-sky demonstration., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2017

3. Getting ready for the first on sky experiment using an ELT-scaled elongated sodium laser guide star

Author

Tristan Buey, Alastair Basden, James Osborn, Domenico Bonaccini Calia, Richard M. Myers, Damien Gratadour, Eric Stadler, R. G. Talbot, Tim Morris, Fanny Chemla, Andrew P. Reeves, Eric Gendron, Jean-Luc Gach, Thomas Pfrommer, Mauro Centrone, Gérard Rousset, Lisa Bardou, Fabrice Vidal, Philippe Feautrier, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Haute résolution angulaire en astrophysique, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Laser guide star, Optics, Sky, Fiber laser, 0103 physical sciences, William Herschel Telescope, Extremely Large Telescope, Adaptive optics, Adaptive optics systems, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, media_common
Abstract

The use of sodium laser guide star for Extremely Large Telescopes (ELT) adaptive optics systems is a key concern due to the perspective effect that produces elongated images in the Shack-Hartmann pattern. In order to assess the feasibility of using an elongated sodium beacon on an ELT, an on-sky experiment reproducing the extreme off-axis launch conditions of the European ELT is scheduled for summer and autumn 2016. The experiment will use the demonstrator CANARY installed on the William Herschel Telescope and the ESO transportable 20W CW fiber laser, embedded in the Wendelstein LGS unit. We will discuss here the challenges this experiment addresses as well as the details of its implementation and the derivation of the error budget.

Published
2016

4. Adaptive optics for MOSAIC: design and performance of the wide(st)-field AO system for the E-ELT

Author

Gérard Rousset, Thierry Fusco, Richard M. Myers, Alastair Basden, Ewan Fitzsimons, Carine Morel, Tristan Buey, Francois Hammer, Tim Morris, Fanny Chemla, Cyril Petit, Eric Gendron, Benoit Neichel, Jean-Marc Conan, Myriam Rodrigues, P. Jagourel, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Haute résolution angulaire en astrophysique, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Wavefront, business.industry, Computer science, Field of view, Active optics, 01 natural sciences, Encircled energy, Deformable mirror, law.invention, 010309 optics, Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, business, Adaptive optics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Spectrograph, Computer hardware, Remote sensing
Abstract

MOSAIC is the proposed multiple-object spectrograph for the E-ELT that will utilise the widest possible field of view provided by the telescope. In terms of adaptive optics, there are two distinct operating modes required to meet the top-level science requirements. The MOSAIC High Multiplex Mode (HMM) requires either seeing-limited or GLAO correction within a 0.6 (NIR) and 0.9 (VIS) arcsecond sub-fields over the widest possible field for a few hundred objects. To achieve seeing limited operation whilst maintaining the maximum unvignetted field of view for scientific observation will require recreating some of the functionality present in the Pre-Focal Station relating to control of the E-ELT active optics. MOSAIC High Definition Mode Control (HDM) requires a 25% Ensquared Energy (EE) within 150mas in the H-band element for approximately 10 targets distributed across the full E-ELT field, implying the use of Multiple Object AO (MOAO). Initial studies have shown that to meet the EE requirements whilst maintaining high-sky coverage will require the combination of wavefront signals from both high-order NGS and LGS to provide a tomographic estimate for the correction to be applied to the open-loop MOAO DMs. In this paper we present the current MOSAIC AO design and provide the first performance estimates for the baseline instrument design. We then report on the various trade-offs that will be investigated throughout the course of the Phase A study, such as the requirement to mix NGS and LGS signals tomographically. Finally, we discuss how these will impact the AO architecture, the MOSAIC design and ultimately the scientific performance of this wide-field workhorse instrument at the E-ELT.

Published
2016

5. Final two-stage MOAO on-sky demonstration with CANARY

Author

Eric Stadler, Arnaud Sevin, James Osborn, D. Perret, David Henry, Andrew P. Reeves, Nigel Dipper, J. M. Huet, Urban Bitenc, Richard M. Myers, Damien Gratadour, Stephen Todd, Gérard Rousset, Colin Dickson, G. Talbot, Carine Morel, Alastair Basden, Eric Gendron, Tristan Buey, Tim Morris, Philippe Feautrier, Simon L. Morris, M. Cohen, David Atkinson, Jean-Luc Gach, E. Younger, Fanny Chemla, Fabrice Vidal, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Haute résolution angulaire en astrophysique, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Technique

Subjects
Physics, media_common.quotation_subject, 01 natural sciences, Woofer, Tweeter, Deformable mirror, law.invention, 010309 optics, Stars, Laser guide star, law, Sky, 0103 physical sciences, William Herschel Telescope, Adaptive optics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Remote sensing, media_common
Abstract

CANARY is an on-sky Laser Guide Star (LGS) tomographic AO demonstrator in operation at the 4.2m William Herschel Telescope (WHT) in La Palma. From the early demonstration of open-loop tomography on a single deformable mirror using natural guide stars in 2010, CANARY has been progressively upgraded each year to reach its final goal in July 2015. It is now a two-stage system that mimics the future E-ELT: a GLAO-driven woofer based on 4 laser guide stars delivers a ground-layer compensated field to a figure sensor locked tweeter DM, that achieves the final on-axis tomographic compensation. We present the overall system, the control strategy and an overview of its on-sky performance.

Published
2016

6. On-sky tests of the CuReD and HWR fast wavefront reconstruction algorithms with CANARY

Author

Richard M. Myers, Damien Gratadour, Nazim Ali Bharmal, Tim Morris, Gérard Rousset, Urban Bitenc, Eric Gendron, Fabrice Vidal, Alastair Basden, Nigel Dipper, Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Durham University (CfA), Department of Physics [Durham University], Durham University, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Wavefront, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], business.industry, Leaky integrator, Strehl ratio, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Wavefront sensor, Deformable mirror, Optics, Space and Planetary Science, Integrator, business, Adaptive optics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Algorithm, Smoothing, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

CuReD (Cumulative Reconstructor with domain Decomposition) and HWR (Hierarchical Wavefront Reconstructor) are novel wavefront reconstruction algorithms for the Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor, used in the single-conjugate adaptive optics. For a high-order system they are much faster than the traditional matrix–vector-multiplication method. We have developed three methods for mapping the reconstructed phase into the deformable mirror actuator commands and have tested both reconstructors with the CANARY instrument. We find out that the CuReD reconstructor runs stably only if the feedback loop is operated as a leaky integrator, whereas HWR runs stably with the conventional integrator control. Using the CANARY telescope simulator we find that the Strehl ratio (SR) obtained with CuReD is slightly higher than that of the traditional least-squares estimator (LSE). We demonstrate that this is because the CuReD algorithm has a smoothing effect on the output wavefront. The SR of HWR is slightly lower than that of LSE. We have tested both reconstructors extensively on-sky. They perform well and CuReD achieves a similar SR as LSE. We compare the CANARY results with those from a computer simulation and find good agreement between the two.

Published
2015

7. Analysis of on-sky MOAO performance of CANARY using natural guide stars

Author

Richard M. Myers, Damien Gratadour, Gordon Talbot, Gérard Rousset, O. Martin, Zoltan Hubert, Eddy Younger, Fanny Chemla, Eric Gendron, M. Brangier, Nigel Dipper, Fabrice Vidal, Tim Morris, Alastair Basden, Andy Longmore, David Henry, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Manchester [Manchester], Department of Physics [Durham University], Durham University, Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Wavefront, [PHYS]Physics [physics], media_common.quotation_subject, Strehl ratio, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Ranging, Residual, Stars, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, William Herschel Telescope, 14. Life underwater, Adaptive optics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mathematics, media_common, Remote sensing
Abstract

The first on-sky results obtained by CANARY, the Multi-Object Adaptive Optics (MOAO) demonstrator, are analysed. The data were recorded at the William Herschel Telescope, at the end of September 2010. We describe the command and calibrations algorithms used during the run and present the observing conditions. The processed data are MOAO-loop engaged or disengaged slope buffers, comprising the synchronised measurements of the four Natural Guide Stars (NGS) wavefront sensors running in parallel, and near Infra-Red (IR) images. We describe the method we use to establish the error budget of CANARY. We are able to evaluate the to- mographic and the open loop errors, having median values around 216 nm and 110 nm respectively. In addition, we identify an unexpected residual quasi-static field aberration term of mean value 110 nm. We present the detailed error budget analysed for three sets of data for three different asterisms. We compare the experimental budgets with the numerically simulated ones and demonstrate a good agreement. We find also a good agreement between the computed error budget from the slope buffers and the measured Strehl ratio on the IR images, ranging between 10% and 20% at 1 530 nm. These results make us confident in our ability to establish the error budget of future MOAO instruments., in press A&A (2014)

Published
2014

8. CANARY phase B: on-sky open-loop tomographic LGS AO results

Author

M. Cohen, Urban Bitenc, Caroline Kulcsár, Eddy Younger, Andy Longmore, Timothy Butterley, G. Talbot, Richard Wilson, Stephen Todd, Gérard Rousset, Olivier C. Martin, Zoltan Hubert, Henri-François Raynaud, Fabrice Vidal, Eric Gendron, Denis Perret, Colin Dickson, Jean-Michel Huet, Andrew P. Reeves, Alastair Basden, Richard M. Myers, Arnaud Sevin, Damien Gratadour, Tim Morris, Fanny Chemla, James Osborn, Gaetano Sivo, Simon L. Morris, David Henry, Nazim Ali Bharmal, David Atkinson, Jean-Marc Conan, Tom Bailie, Department of Physics [Durham University], Durham University, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Charles Fabry / Spim, Laboratoire Charles Fabry (LCF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom, Ageing Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University College of London [London] (UCL), Haute résolution angulaire en astrophysique, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Physics, Wavefront, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Phase (waves), [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Stars, Optics, Laser guide star, Sky, William Herschel Telescope, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Tomography, business, Adaptive optics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common
Abstract

CANARY is an on-sky Laser Guide Star (LGS) tomographic AO demonstrator that has been in operation at the 4.2m William Herschel Telescope (WHT) in La Palma since 2010. In 2013, CANARY was upgraded from its initial configuration that used three off-axis Natural Guide Stars (NGS) through the inclusion of four off-axis Rayleigh LGS and associated wavefront sensing system. Here we present the system and analysis of the on-sky results obtained at the WHT between May and September 2014. Finally we present results from the final ‘Phase C’ CANARY system that aims to recreate the tomographic configuration to emulate the expected tomographic AO configuration of both the AOF at the VLT and E-ELT.

Published
2014

9. Proposal for a field experiment of elongated Na LGS wave-front sensing in the perspective of the E-ELT

Author

Tim Morris, G. Talbot, Eric Gendron, Thomas Pfrommer, Tristan Buey, D. Bonaccini Calia, Alastair Basden, Gérard Rousset, Enrico Marchetti, Richard M. Myers, Damien Gratadour, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Haute résolution angulaire en astrophysique, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Wavefront, Computer science, business.industry, Laser, law.invention, symbols.namesake, Optics, Sampling (signal processing), law, symbols, Extremely Large Telescope, Guide star, Rayleigh scattering, Adaptive optics, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Remote sensing
Abstract

Wavefront (WF) sensing using Sodium (Na) Laser Guide Stars (LGS) is a key concern for the design of a number of first generation Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) Adaptive Optics (AO) modules. One of the main challenges is the mitigation of the effects induced by extreme LGS spot elongation on the WF measurements. Before the final design studies of the E-ELT instruments, a Na LGS WF sensing on-sky experiment at the E-ELT scale is mandatory to achieve the full validation of the proposed mitigation strategies and their performance. This experiment will provide unique spatial and temporal WF measurements on a true Na LGS, perturbed by the atmospheric turbulence and mesospheric variability. The fine comparative analysis of such data with synchronously acquired WF measurements on at least one natural guide star (NGS) will be fundamental to test a number of algorithms, configurations for spot sampling and truncation and WF reconstruction schemes including multi-LGS configurations. A global error budget for the whole experiment will be derived with time to feed into the numerical simulation and the design of subsequent E-ELT LGS-AO modules. The data produced will be made available to the E-ELT community. We propose to use CANARY, the Multi-Object AO demonstrator installed at the 4.2m WHT which is a modular AO platform, equipped with several NGS WF Sensor (WFS) and Rayleigh multi-LGS unit and WFS. The transportable 20W Sodium laser unit (WLGSU), developed at ESO, will be positioned at a varying distance from the WHT to provide off-axis launching (up to 40m), simulating the whole range of LGS spot elongations obtained on the E-ELT. In such a case, the WHT pupil will represent an off-axis sub-pupil of the main E-ELT pupil. In addition, this experiment will include a Na layer profiler and the capability for open and closed loop operations. The experiment is scheduled before the end of 2016.

Published
2014

10. First on-sky SCAO validation of full LQG control with vibration mitigation on the CANARY pathfinder

Author

Arnaud Sevin, Fanny Chemla, Nigel Dipper, Colin Dickson, Stephen Todd, Gérard Rousset, Jean-Marc Conan, Zoltan Hubert, Tim Morris, Henri-François Raynaud, Andy Longmore, Denis Perret, Gaetano Sivo, Serge Meimon, Richard M. Myers, Damien Gratadour, Eric Gendron, G. Talbot, Caroline Kulcsár, Cyril Petit, David Atkinson, Alastair Basden, David Henry, Eddy Younger, Fabrice Vidal, Olivier J. F. Martin, Laboratoire Charles Fabry / Spim, Laboratoire Charles Fabry (LCF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Université Paris 13 (UP13), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics [Durham University], Durham University, Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système (IMS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ageing Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Medicine Division, University College of London [London] (UCL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Optics and Photonics, Astronomy, Linear-quadratic-Gaussian control, 01 natural sciences, Deformable mirror, [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, 010309 optics, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Computer Simulation, Adaptive optics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Lenses, Wavefront, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], business.industry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Atmospheric correction, Equipment Design, Kalman filter, Models, Theoretical, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Pathfinder, Integrator, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Telescopes
Abstract

Adaptive optics provides real time correction of wavefront disturbances on ground based telescopes. Optimizing control and performance is a key issue for ever more demanding instruments on ever larger telescopes affected not only by atmospheric turbulence, but also by vibrations, windshake and tracking errors. Linear Quadratic Gaussian control achieves optimal correction when provided with a temporal model of the disturbance. We present in this paper the first on-sky results of a Kalman filter based LQG control with vibration mitigation on the CANARY instrument at the Nasmyth platform of the 4.2-m William Herschel Telescope. The results demonstrate a clear improvement of performance for full LQG compared with standard integrator control, and assess the additional improvement brought by vibration filtering with a tip-tilt model identified from on-sky data, thus validating the strategy retained on the instrument SPHERE at the VLT.

Published
2014

11. Full LQG control with vibration mitigation: from theory to first on-sky validation on the CANARY MOAO demonstrator

Author

Gérard Rousset, Zoltan Hubert, Serge Meimon, Alastair Basden, Richard M. Myers, Damien Gratadour, Tim Morris, Caroline Kulcsár, Gaetano Sivo, Olivier J. F. Martin, Eric Gendron, Jean-Marc Conan, G. Talbot, Henri-François Raynaud, Fabrice Vidal, Cyril Petit, Nigel Dipper, Eddy Younger, Laboratoire Charles Fabry / Spim, Laboratoire Charles Fabry (LCF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE) [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics [Durham University], Durham University, Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, media_common.quotation_subject, 02 engineering and technology, Vibration mitigation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Linear-quadratic-Gaussian control, 01 natural sciences, Deformable mirror, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, 010309 optics, Control theory, Sky, 0103 physical sciences, William Herschel Telescope, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Atmospheric turbulence, 0210 nano-technology, Adaptive optics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Remote sensing, media_common
Abstract

Full LQG adaptive optics (AO) control is validated for the first time on sky for classical AO and multi-object AO with 3 natural guide stars (GSs) and a Rayleigh laser GS, including vibration mitigation, on the Canary demonstrator (William Herschel Telescope, Spain).

Published
2013

12. Tests of open-loop LGS tomography with CANARY

Author

Colin Dickson, Eric Gendron, Tim Morris, Paul Clark, Fabrice Vidal, Richard M. Myers, Gérard Rousset, Brian Stobie, Zoltan Hubert, David Henry, Fanny Chemla, Alastair Basden, M. Cohen, Andy Longmore, David Atkinson, J. M. Huet, Andrew P. Reeves, Nigel Dipper, E. Younger, Stephen Todd, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Haute résolution angulaire en astrophysique, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Wavefront, Physics, business.industry, Phase (waves), Field of view, Deformable mirror, Laser guide star, Optics, Calibration, Tomography, Adaptive optics, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Remote sensing
Abstract

CANARY is an on-sky demonstrator adaptive optics (AO) system that in 2010 provided the first on-sky demonstration of open-loop tomographic adaptive optics correction using natural guide stars (NGS). Phase B of the CANARY experiment aims to extend the instrument from its original configuration by also measuring wavefronts from four offaxis Rayleigh laser guide stars (LGS). This upgrade allows CANARY to perform tomographic wavefront sensing over a 2.5arcminute field of view using any mix of up to seven off-axis wavefront sensors (four LGS and three NGS) simultaneously. AO correction within CANARY is performed on-axis along a single line of sight using a 52-actuator deformable mirror being controlled in open-loop. Here we give an overview of the Phase B LGS system, discuss the calibration of a mixed NGS/LGS tomographic system and present the recent laboratory and on-sky results from the Phase B commissioning.

Published
2012

13. MOAO first on-sky demonstration with CANARY

Author

David Henry, Philippe Laporte, C. N. Dunlop, Tim Morris, Arnaud Sevin, M. Brangier, Timothy Butterley, Richard M. Myers, Damien Gratadour, Z. Hubert, D. Perret, Deli Geng, Alastair Basden, Andy Longmore, Gérard Rousset, N. Looker, Fanny Chemla, Fabrice Vidal, Nigel Dipper, E. Younger, Eric Gendron, G. Talbot, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Haute résolution angulaire en astrophysique, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Ingénierie, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Department of Physics, Durham University (CfAI), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Pôle instrumental, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory Edinburgh (UKATC)

Subjects
Wavefront, Physics, business.industry, Strehl ratio, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Context (language use), Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Deformable mirror, 010309 optics, Optics, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, William Herschel Telescope, Guide star, business, Adaptive optics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Spectrograph
Abstract

International audience; Context. A new challenging adaptive optics (AO) system, called multi-object adaptive optics (MOAO), has been successfully demonstrated on-sky for the first time at the 4.2 m William Herschel Telescope, Canary Islands, Spain, at the end of September 2010. Aims: This system, called CANARY, is aimed at demonstrating the feasibility of MOAO in preparation of a future multi-object near infra-red (IR) integral field unit spectrograph to equip extremely large telescopes for analysing the morphology and dynamics of high-z galaxies. Methods: CANARY compensates for the atmospheric turbulence with a deformable mirror driven in open-loop and controlled through a tomographic reconstruction by three widely separated off-axis natural guide star (NGS) wavefront sensors, which are in open loop too. We compared the performance of conventional closed-loop AO, MOAO, and ground-layer adaptive optics (GLAO) by analysing both IR images and simultaneous wave-front measurements. Results: In H-band, Strehl ratios of 0.20 are measured with MOAO while achieving 0.25 with closed-loop AO in fairly similar seeing conditions (r0 ≈ 15 cm at 0.5 mum). As expected, MOAO has performed at an intermediate level between GLAO and closed-loop AO.

Published
2011

14. The real-time control system for the CANARY multi-object adaptive optics on-sky demonstrator

Author

D. Gratadour, Nigel Dipper, Eric Gendron, Z. Hubert, Gérard Rousset, Richard M. Myers, Fabrice Vidal, Arnaud Sevin, Deli Geng, E. Younger, Alastair Basden, N. Looker, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Astronomie du LESIA, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris

Subjects
business.industry, Computer science, Interface (computing), computer.software_genre, law.invention, Telescope, Common Object Request Broker Architecture, law, Real-time Control System, Embedded system, Middleware (distributed applications), Control system, William Herschel Telescope, Adaptive optics, Field-programmable gate array, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Spectrograph, computer
Abstract

CANARY is a Multi-Object Adaptive Optics (MOAO) system designed to demonstrate the AO aspects of proposed EELT instruments such as the multi-object spectrograph EAGLE. The first phase of Canary will be executed on the 4.2m William Herschel Telescope in 2010. We describe here the AO Real-time Control System (RTCS) for Canary. This is based on a distributed architecture of components interconnected by a fast serial fabric (sFPDP). The hardware used is a hybrid of FPGA and CPU technology. The middleware used for system data telemetry and control is based on CORBA and the publish/subscribe pattern. The system is designed to be easily modified and extended for the later, higher order, phases of CANARY. In order to provide the increase in computational power required in higher order systems, the current CPU technology can be readily replaced by acceleration hardware based on FPGA or GPU technologies. The Canary RTCS thus provides a test-bed for these new technologies that will be required for E-ELT instruments. These design concepts can be developed to provide an RTCS for E-ELT instruments and are in line with those under consideration by ESO for the E-ELT AO systems to which instruments such as EAGLE will be required to interface.

Published
2010

15. EAGLE MOAO system conceptual design and related technologies

Author

M. Cohen, Philippe Laporte, Richard M. Myers, Damien Gratadour, William Taylor, Gérard Rousset, Simon L. Morris, Chris Evans, P. Parr-Burman, D. Le Mignant, F. Assemat, Eric Gendron, T. Fusco, H. Schnetler, Mathieu Puech, Nigel Dipper, Fabrice Vidal, Tim Morris, Jean-Gabriel Cuby, P. Jagourel, M. D. Lehnert, Clélia Robert, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Astronomie du LESIA, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Groupement d'Intérêt Scientifique du Partenariat Haute résolution Angulaire Sol-Espace (GIS PHASE ), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Duke University [Durham], ONERA, Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, United Kingdom Astronomy Technology Ctr, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Astronomy, Encircled energy, Deformable mirror, Stars, Optics, Apparent magnitude, Laser guide star, Sky, business, Adaptive optics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Spectrograph, media_common
Abstract

International audience; EAGLE is the multi-object spatially-resolved near-IR spectrograph instrument concept for the E-ELT, relying on a distributed Adaptive Optics, so-called Multi Object Adaptive Optics. This paper presents the results of a phase A study. Using 84×84 actuator deformable mirrors, the performed analysis demonstrates that 6 laser guide stars (on an outer ring of 7.2' diameter) and up to 5 natural guide stars of magnitude R < 17, picked-up in a 7.3' diameter patrol field of view, allow us to obtain an overall performance in terms of Ensquared Energy of 35% in a 75×75mas2 resolution element at H band whatever the target direction in the centred 5' science field for median seeing conditions. In terms of sky coverage, the probability to find the 5 natural guide stars is close to 90% at galactic latitudes |b| ~ 60 deg. Several MOAO demonstration activities are also on-going.

Published
2010

16. Status update of the CANARY on-sky MOAO demonstrator

Author

D. Perret, Philippe Laporte, N. Looker, Laura K. Young, Timothy Butterley, Alastair Basden, Gérard Rousset, Kevin Dee, Stephen Todd, Fanny Chemla, Z. Hubert, M. Marteaud, Heather I. C. Dalgarno, M. Brangier, Andrés Guesalaga, Nigel Dipper, Dani Guzman, G. Talbot, Alan H. Greenaway, Fabrice Vidal, Deli Geng, C. N. Dunlop, Tim Morris, Jure Skvarč, Andy Longmore, Nicolas Vedrenne, Brian Stobie, E. Younger, David Atkinson, T. Fusco, Colin Dickson, Arnaud Sevin, Eric Gendron, Michael R. Harrison, David Henry, Richard M. Myers, Damien Gratadour, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Astronomie du LESIA, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Duke University [Durham], United Kingdom Astronomy Technology Ctr, Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Engineering and Project Solutions Ltd, Heriot-Watt Univ, and Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes

Subjects
business.industry, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, Deformable mirror, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, Laser guide star, Sky, law, William Herschel Telescope, Calibration, Device simulation, business, Adaptive optics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], media_common, Remote sensing
Abstract

International audience; The CANARY on-sky MOAO demonstrator is being integrated in the laboratory and a status update about its various components is presented here. We also discuss the alignment and calibration procedures used to improve system performance and overall stability. CANARY will be commissioned at the William Herschel Telescope at the end of September 2010.

Published
2010

17. EAGLE: an MOAO fed multi-IFU working in the NIR on the E-ELT

Author

Francois Assemat, Martyn Wells, Philippe Laporte, Stephen Rolt, Nigel Dipper, Clélia Robert, Simon L. Morris, Chris Evans, Tim Morris, Peter Hastings, Hermine Schnetler, Sébastien Vivès, Mark Swinbank, Emmanuel Hugot, Jean-Luc Gimenez, Matthew D. Lehnert, Stephen Beard, Gérard Rousset, Pascal Vola, Zoltan Hubert, H. McGregor, Jean-Philippe Amans, William Taylor, Marc Ferrari, Thierry Fusco, David Le Mignant, G. Talbot, Eric Gendron, Jean-Gabriel Cuby, P. Jagourel, P. Parr-Burman, Mathieu Puech, Benoit Neichel, François Vidal, Brice Leroux, Mathieu Cohen, Fabrice Madec, Richard M. Myers, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Astronomie du LESIA, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris

Subjects
Physics, Eagle, Galactic astronomy, biology, James Webb Space Telescope, Astronomy, Field of view, law.invention, Telescope, law, biology.animal, Extremely Large Telescope, Astronomical seeing, Adaptive optics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

EAGLE is an instrument for the European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT). EAGLE will be installed at the Gravity Invariant Focal Station of the E-ELT, covering a field of view of 50 square arcminutes. Its main scientific drivers are the physics and evolution of high-redshift galaxies, the detection and characterization of first-light objects and the physics of galaxy evolution from stellar archaeology. These key science programs, generic to all ELT projects and highly complementary to JWST, require 3D spectroscopy on a limited (~20) number of targets, full near IR coverage up to 2.4 micron and an image quality significantly sharper than the atmospheric seeing. The EAGLE design achieves these requirements with innovative, yet simple, solutions and technologies already available or under the final stages of development. EAGLE relies on Multi-Object Adaptive Optics (MOAO) which is being demonstrated in the laboratory and on sky. This paper provides a summary of the phase A study instrument design.

Published
2009

18. EAGLE multi-object AO concept study for the E-ELT

Author

M. D. Lehnert, D. Gratadour, Tim Morris, Fabrice Vidal, Richard M. Myers, D. Le Mignant, Eric Gendron, Philippe Laporte, M. Cohen, M. Brangier, Gérard Rousset, Clélia Robert, Thierry Fusco, F. Assemat, Nigel Dipper, Mathieu Puech, P. Parr-Burmann, Hermine Schnetler, J. G. Cuby, P. Jagourel, Simon L. Morris, Chris Evans, W. D. Taylor, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, Durham University, Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject, FOS: Physical sciences, Field of view, 02 engineering and technology, OPTICAL TELESCOPES, 01 natural sciences, Encircled energy, Optical telescope, Deformable mirror, 010309 optics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Adaptive optics, Spectrograph, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), media_common, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], business.industry, LASER MIRRORS, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Stars, Sky, 0210 nano-technology, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, STARS
Abstract

EAGLE is the multi-object, spatially-resolved, near-IR spectrograph instrument concept for the E-ELT, relying on a distributed Adaptive Optics, so-called Multi Object Adaptive Optics. This paper presents the results of a phase A study. Using 84x84 actuator deformable mirrors, the performed analysis demonstrates that 6 laser guide stars and up to 5 natural guide stars of magnitude R, 6 pages, to appear in the proceedings of the AO4ELT conference, held in Paris, 22-26 June 2009

Published
2009

19. CANARY: The NGS/LGS MOAO demonstrator for EAGLE

Author

Richard M. Myers, Damien Gratadour, C. N. Dunlop, Eric Gendron, Nicolas Vedrenne, Mark A. Harrison, David Henry, G. Talbot, Tim Morris, Fabrice Vidal, Ali Basden, Nigel Dipper, Steven Todd, Colin Dickson, Clélia Robert, Michel Marteaud, Jure Skvarč, Brian Stobie, Timothy Butterley, Deli Geng, Kevin Dee, Dani Guzman, Phillipe Laporte, Alan H. Greenaway, Aglae Kellerer, Gérard Rousset, Eddy Younger, Zoltan Hubert, Heather I. C. Dalgarno, Thierry Fusco, Fanny Chemla, Andrés Guesalaga, Andy Longmore, Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, Durham University (CfA), Observatoire de Paris - Site de Meudon (OBSPM), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Observatory Edinburgh (ROE), University of Edinburgh, DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Châtillon], and ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay

Subjects
Eagle, DEMONSTRATIONS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], biology, Field of view, OPTICAL TELESCOPES, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Geography, biology.animal, TOMOGRAPHY, 0103 physical sciences, Extremely Large Telescope, William Herschel Telescope, Adaptive optics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Remote sensing
Abstract

International audience; EAGLE is a multi-object 3D spectroscopy instrument currently under design for the 42-metre European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT). EAGLE will use open-loop Multi-Object Adaptive Optics (MOAO) to provide partial AO correction across a wide (5-10 arcmin) field of view. The novelty of this scheme is such that on-sky demonstration is required prior to final construction of an E-ELT instrument. The CANARY project will implement a single channel of an MOAO system on the 4.2m William Herschel Telescope. The CANARY project is undergoing a phased development plan that starts with demonstration of low-order open-loop AO correction using first NGS then Rayleigh LGS tomography, moving to a demonstration of high-order open-loop AO correction using LGS tomography. This final stage will also include 2 DMs in a woofer-tweeter configuration similar to that of EAGLE when installed at the E-ELT. We describe the requirements for the various phases of MOAO demonstration, the corresponding CANARY configurations and capabilities and the current designs of the various subsystems.

Published
2009

20. CANARY: the on-sky NGS/LGS MOAO demonstrator for EAGLE

Author

Fanny Chemla, Laura K. Young, Mark A. Harrison, Fabrice Vidal, Aglae Kellerer, Tim Morris, Alan H. Greenaway, Alastair Basden, Deli Geng, Richard M. Myers, Stephen J. Goodsell, Eric Gendron, Andrew J. Longmore, Eddy Younger, Gérard Rousset, Zoltan Hubert, Thierry Fusco, C. Dani Guzman, Nigel Dipper, Michel Marteaud, Brice Le Roux, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Astronomie du LESIA, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris

Subjects
Physics, Wavefront, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Field of view, Document management system, computer.software_genre, Sky, William Herschel Telescope, Extremely Large Telescope, Adaptive optics, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], computer, Computer hardware, media_common, Remote sensing, Communication channel
Abstract

EAGLE is a multi-object 3D spectroscopy instrument currently under design for the 42-metre European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT). Precise requirements are still being developed, but it is clear that EAGLE will require (~100 x 100 actuator) adaptive optics correction of ~20 - 60 spectroscopic subfields distributed across a ~5 arcminute diameter field of view. It is very likely that LGS will be required to provide wavefront sensing with the necessary sky coverage. Two alternative adaptive optics implementations are being considered, one of which is Multi-Object Adaptive Optics (MOAO). In this scheme, wavefront tomography is performed using a set of LGS and NGS in either a completely open-loop manner, or in a configuration that is only closed-loop with respect to only one DM, probably the adaptive M4 of the E-ELT. The fine wavefront correction required for each subfield is then applied in a completely open-loop fashion by independent DMs within each separate optical relay. The novelty of this scheme is such that on-sky demonstration is required prior to final construction of an E-ELT instrument. The CANARY project will implement a single channel of an MOAO system on the 4.2m William Herschel Telescope. This will be a comprehensive demonstration, which will be phased to include pure NGS, low-order NGS-LGS and high-order woofer-tweeter NGS-LGS configurations. The LGSs used for these demonstrations will be Rayleigh systems, where the variable range-gate height and extension can be used to simulate many of the LGS effects on the E-ELT. We describe the requirements for the various phases of MOAO demonstration, the corresponding CANARY configurations and capabilities and the current conceptual designs of the various subsystems.

Published
2008

21. The European LGS test facility

Author

Richard M. Myers, Mark A. Harrison, Tim Morris, Simone Esposito, R. G. Talbot, Simon Tulloch, Jean-Paul Pique, Sebastian Rabien, Enrico Marchetti, Erez N. Ribak, Remko Stuik, H. Guillet de Chatellus, J. C. Guerra, Alexander V. Goncharov, Hermine Schnetler, Enrico Pinna, D. Bonaccini Calia, M. Reyes, Nicholas Devaney, R. G. M. Rutten, M. Strachan, S. J. Goodsell, R. Holzloehner, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples Federico II, St Petersburg State University (SPbU), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique [Saint Martin d’Hères] (LIPhy), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Institute for Surgical Technology and Biomechanics [Bern] (ISTB), and University of Bern

Subjects
Wavefront, [PHYS]Physics [physics], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Test facility, business.industry, Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Telescope, Laser guide star, law, 0103 physical sciences, William Herschel Telescope, Extremely Large Telescope, Aerospace engineering, Elongation, 0210 nano-technology, business, Adaptive optics, Remote sensing
Abstract

International audience; A European Laser Guide Star (LGS) test facility is proposed for the 4.2m William Herschel Telescope (WHT) on La Palma. It will test the next-generation Adaptive Optics (AO) LGS technologies to aid risk mitigation of Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) LGS AO systems. In particular, critical scaling of current LGS AO technologies to ELT dimensions will be tested. For example, experiments addressing increased spot elongation, cone effect and the order of correction required. A pan-European consortium proposes to construct test facility infrastructure on the WHT for a number of risk mitigating experiments. The infrastructure includes the construction of a Nasmyth platform based controlled environment 'Ground-based Adaptive optics Innovative Laboratory' (GRAIL), an experimental test environment 'Testbed integration facility' (TIF) and some common-experiment equipment such as the Common Re-Imaging AO System. Experiments that are proposed for this facility cover the areas of laser technologies, spot elongation, LGS wavefront sensing, parallel launch concepts, Multi-Object AO, atmospheric characterisation, co-phasing and real-time control system risk mitigation.

Published
2007

22. Lack of replication of thirteen single-nucleotide polymorphisms implicated in Parkinson's disease: a large-scale international study

Author

Carlo Ferrarese, Lorene M. Nelson, Caroline M. Tanner, Brian K. Fiske, George D. Mellick, Richard M. Myers, Beate Ritz, Grazia Annesi, Karin Wirdefeldt, Christine Van Broeckhoven, Karen Marder, Marie Dehem, Stewart A. Factor, Donald S. Higgins, John G. Nutt, Stephen K. Van Den Eeden, Andrea Carmine Belin, Cyrus P. Zabetian, Rejko Krüger, Haydeh Payami, Jennifer S. Montimurro, Georgios M. Hadjigeorgiou, John P. A. Ioannidis, Hideshi Kawakami, Audrey Southwick, Ali Samii, Alexis Elbaz, Richard Mayeux, Thomas A Trikalinos, Neuroépidémiologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, New York State Department of Health [Albany], Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, The Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council [Italy] (CNR), Neuroscience Department, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Department of Neurology, Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Department of Neuroscience-Section of Neurology, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), School of Medicine, Larissa, University of Thessaly [Volos] (UTH), Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorder Clinic, Albany Medical College, Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Center of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, The Gertrude H Sergivesky Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, Griffi th University, Oregon Health and Science University [Portland] (OHSU), Department of Epidemiology, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Parkinson Disease Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, The Parkinson's Institute, The Parkinson's Institute, Sunnyvale, Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Antwerpen, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington [Seattle], Genoscreen, Genoscreen, Lille, Department of Genetics [Stanford], Stanford Medicine, Stanford University-Stanford University, Theuns, Jessie, Pals, Philippe, Nuytemans, Karen, Pickut, Barbara, Cras, Patrick, De Deyn, Peter Paul, Tzourio, Christophe, University of Ioannina, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Elbaz, A, Nelson, L, Payami, H, Ioannidis, J, Fiske, B, Annesi, G, Carmine Belin, A, Factor, S, Ferrarese, C, Hadjigeorgiou, G, Higgins, D, Kawakami, H, Krueger, R, Marder, K, Mayeux, R, Mellick, G, Nutt, J, Ritz, B, Samii, A, Tanner, C, van Broeckhoven, C, van den Eeden, S, Wirdefeldt, K, Zabetian, C, Dehem, M, Montimurro, J, Southwick, A, Myers, R, and Trikalinos, T

Subjects
Male, Linkage disequilibrium, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/*genetics, Ethnic origin, Linkage Disequilibrium, 0302 clinical medicine, Odds Ratio, Genetics, MESH: Aged, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, MESH: Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Middle Aged, MESH: Confidence Intervals, 3. Good health, MESH: Linkage Disequilibrium, Meta-analysis, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH: Meta-Analysis, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Biology, Article, Parkinson Disease/epidemiology/*genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Genetic predisposition, Confidence Intervals, SNP, Humans, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], 030304 developmental biology, Aged, MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA, MESH: Humans, Genetic heterogeneity, International Cooperation, Odds ratio, MESH: Odds Ratio, MESH: Male, MESH: International Cooperation, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Parkinson's disease, single-nucleoide polymorphism, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Neurology (clinical), MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, MESH: Parkinson Disease
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUND: A genome-wide association study identified 13 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with Parkinson's disease. Small-scale replication studies were largely non-confirmatory, but a meta-analysis that included data from the original study could not exclude all SNP associations, leaving relevance of several markers uncertain. METHODS: Investigators from three Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research-funded genetics consortia-comprising 14 teams-contributed DNA samples from 5526 patients with Parkinson's disease and 6682 controls, which were genotyped for the 13 SNPs. Most (88%) participants were of white, non-Hispanic descent. We assessed log-additive genetic effects using fixed and random effects models stratified by team and ethnic origin, and tested for heterogeneity across strata. A meta-analysis was undertaken that incorporated data from the original genome-wide study as well as subsequent replication studies. FINDINGS: In fixed and random-effects models no associations with any of the 13 SNPs were identified (odds ratios 0.89 to 1.09). Heterogeneity between studies and between ethnic groups was low for all SNPs. Subgroup analyses by age at study entry, ethnic origin, sex, and family history did not show any consistent associations. In our meta-analysis, no SNP showed significant association (summary odds ratios 0.95 to 1.08); there was little heterogeneity except for SNP rs7520966. INTERPRETATION: Our results do not lend support to the finding that the 13 SNPs reported in the original genome-wide association study are genetic susceptibility factors for Parkinson's disease.

Published
2006

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