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1. Large scale mechanisms associated with heat wave occurrences in Senegal [résumé de poster]

Author

Sambou, Marie-Jeanne, Janicot, Serge, Badiane, Daouda, Gaye, Amadou Thierno, Dieng, Abdou Lahat, HORIZON, IRD, Brehmer, Patrice (ed.), Diogoul, N. (collab.), Fock, H. (collab.), Mbaye, A. (collab.), Sall. M. (collab.), Mayif, M. (collab.), Fall. A. (collab.), Monteiro, I. (collab.), Kouassi, A.M. (collab.), Silva, O. (collab.), Brochier, Timothée (collab.), Koné, V. (collab.), Sidibe, M. (collab.), Diadhou, H. (collab.), Zenk, C. (collab.), Gorgues, Thomas (collab.), Ferreira Santos, C. (collab.), Bamy, I.L. (collab.), Barry, I. (collab.), Vareilles, M. de (collab.), Schmidt, J. (collab.), Ekau, W. (collab.), Keenlyside, N. (collab.), Nascimento, J.M. (collab.), Ramos, V. M. (collab.), Sow, B.A. (collab.), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], SENEGAL, [SDU.STU.CL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, SAHEL, [SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, ATLANTIQUE
Abstract

ICAWA : International Conference AWA, Lanzarote, ESP, 17-/04/2018 - 20/04/2018; The coastal location of the Senegal induces specific heat wave (HW) events. HWs are defined as daily temperature (daily maximum or minimum temperature, or mean apparent temperature) higher than the 95th moving percentile during at least three consecutive days over the boreal spring period (Mars-April-May, 1979-2014). A hierarchical classification enables to define three homogeneous regions in terms of HW occurrences over Senegal (Zone #1, #2 and #3, from West to East). In order to study how atmospheric circulation is linked to these HW occurrences, composites of anomaly fields of ERA-Interim reanalysis have been computed using as reference date the starting day of each HW detected in GSOD (Global Summary of the Day) observations database. Results show that two patterns control the occurrence of HWs: regional-scale positive pressure anomalies centred around 35°N-10°W, and more local negative anomalies around 20°N-15°W. This structure leads to enhanced north-easterly winds advecting higher temperatures and moister air over the three zones of Senegal, and lower temperatures and drier air over the central Sahel. The intensity of this relationship is the largest for Zone #1, intermediate for #2 and the weakest for #3. The increased moisture signal over Senegal is highest for the composites associated with minimum and apparent temperature. Indices linked to this structure can be used to evaluate the predictability of such HW events.

Published
2019

2. Climate change and seasonality of small pelagics : impacts on their value chain in Senegal [résumé]

Author

Mbaye, A., Aliou Ba, Schmidt, J., Ngom, F., Thiaw, M., Patrice BREHMER, Abdoulaye Sarré, Thiao, D., HORIZON, IRD, Brehmer, Patrice, Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles [Dakar] (ISRA), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Brehmer, Patrice (ed.), Diogoul, N. (collab.), Zenk, C. (collab.), Vareilles, M. de (collab.), Keenlyside, N. (collab.), Nascimento, J.M. (collab.), Ramos, V. M. (collab.), Sow, B.A. (collab.), Fock, H. (collab.), Schmidt, J. (collab.), Ekau, W. (collab.), Mbaye, A. (collab.), Fall. A. (collab.), Monteiro, I. (collab.), Kouassi, A.M. (collab.), Silva, O. (collab.), Brochier, Timothée (collab.), Sall. M. (collab.), Mayif, M. (collab.), Koné, V. (collab.), Gorgues, Thomas (collab.), Ferreira Santos, C. (collab.), Bamy, I.L. (collab.), Barry, I. (collab.), Sidibe, M. (collab.), and Diadhou, H. (collab.)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, SENEGAL, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ATLANTIQUE
Abstract

ICAWA : International Conference AWA, Lanzarote, ESP, 17-/04/2018 - 20/04/2018; Factors influencing landed prices and those of processed products (fish and processed) are mainly landed quantities and product quality. The latter are in turn influenced by the seasonality of sardinella conditioned by the temperature of the water. It is usually in cooroon periods (April to June) that sardinella landings are more important and it is at this time also that the prices of fresh fish and processed products are the lowest. On the other hand sardinella is rare in lolli most often (October to December) and it is at this period also that the prices are generally higher. Nevertheless, depending on whether one is on the Petite Côte or on the Grande Côte, fishermen's appreciations of the periods of abundance of sardinellas differ. However, from the analysis of fishermen's knowledge on sardinella migration and bioecological models, it appears that sardinella are present on Senegalese coasts during periods of low temperature. As the cold water periods are later and shorter, the sardinella will be increasingly rare on the coast in Senegal, its higher price, accessibility is more difficult and consequently the animal protein deficit of the populations more accentuated.

Published
2019

3. International conference ICAWA 2017 and 2018 : extended book of abstract : the AWA project : ecosystem approach to the management of fisheries and the marine environment in West African waters

Author

Marie Bonnin, HORIZON, IRD, Brehmer, Patrice (ed.), Diogoul, N. (collab.), Mayif, M. (collab.), Koné, V. (collab.), Zenk, C. (collab.), Gorgues, Thomas (collab.), Ferreira Santos, C. (collab.), Bamy, I.L. (collab.), Barry, I. (collab.), Sidibe, M. (collab.), Diadhou, H. (collab.), Vareilles, M. de (collab.), Ekau, W. (collab.), Keenlyside, N. (collab.), Nascimento, J.M. (collab.), Ramos, V. M. (collab.), Sow, B.A. (collab.), Fock, H. (collab.), Schmidt, J. (collab.), Mbaye, A. (collab.), Fall. A. (collab.), Monteiro, I. (collab.), Kouassi, A.M. (collab.), Silva, O. (collab.), Brochier, Timothée (collab.), Sall. M. (collab.), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, SENEGAL, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SHS.DROIT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Law, AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST, [SHS.DROIT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Law, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, MAURITANIE, CAP VERT, ATLANTIQUE
Abstract

ICAWA : International Conference AWA, Mindelo, CPV, 13-/11/2017 - 17/11/2017; Marine environmental law has been emerging in West Africa in 70's. International convention has been ratified and national law progressively developed. This communication will show the development of marine environmental law in West African countries using examples from Senegal, Mauritania and Cabo-Verde. This field of law use to be very sectorial. However, the development of integrative ways of regulations at international level impacts West African national law on marine environment. Lastly, examples of first steps toward an integrative way of regulation are underlined in West African countries.

Published
2019

4. The economic impacts of Marine Protected Area on Senegalese small pelagic fisheries [résumé]

Author

Ba, Aliou, Chaboud, Christian, Schimdt, J., Diouf, M., Fall, M., Dème, M., Brehmer, Patrice, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles [Dakar] (ISRA), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Brehmer, Patrice, Brehmer, Patrice (ed.), Diogoul, N. (collab.), Zenk, C. (collab.), Vareilles, M. de (collab.), Keenlyside, N. (collab.), Nascimento, J.M. (collab.), Ramos, V. M. (collab.), Sow, B.A. (collab.), Fock, H. (collab.), Schmidt, J. (collab.), Ekau, W. (collab.), Mbaye, A. (collab.), Fall. A. (collab.), Monteiro, I. (collab.), Kouassi, A.M. (collab.), Silva, O. (collab.), Brochier, Timothée (collab.), Sall. M. (collab.), Mayif, M. (collab.), Koné, V. (collab.), Gorgues, Thomas (collab.), Ferreira Santos, C. (collab.), Bamy, I.L. (collab.), Barry, I. (collab.), Sidibe, M. (collab.), and Diadhou, H. (collab.)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, SENEGAL, AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ATLANTIQUE
Abstract

ICAWA : International Conference AWA, Lanzarote, ESP, 17-/04/2018 - 20/04/2018; In the early 2000s, Senegal set up several Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) along its coastal zone for the purpose of biodiversity conservation and the sustainably of fisheries. However, the impact of MPAs may vary depending on the types of fishing. In Senegal, the sardinella fishing accounts for 70% of total catches. This fishery is of crucial for food security and employment. Given this importance, it is necessary to evaluate the impact of the MPAs often considered as a tool for fisheries management. An analytical, dynamic and spatial bio-economic model of sardinella fishery has been developed and simulations over 40 years were carried out. The model takes into account the migration of the resource and that of fishermen. The main results show that the fishery is economically overexploited and that the society loses about 15 billion CFA over 40 years of exploitation, i.e. 375 million CFA per year. To reach an optimal level of exploitation, it would be necessary to halve the current fishing capacity. The closure rates of 10, 20 and 30% lead to increases in biomass (8 to 28%) and rent (5 to 11%). Spatio-temporal closure measures lead inevitably to overcapacity in unclosed areas. The objective 11 of the Aichi Convention will have a reserve effect on the resource but also weak improvements in economic indicators for this fishery. Lastly we show that if we expect that the MPAs provide a significant impact on sardinella fishery in Senegal, they should be accompanied by a limitation of fishing capacity.

Published
2018

5. International conference ICAWA 2017 and 2018 : extended book of abstract : the AWA project : ecosystem approach to the management of fisheries and the marine environment in West African waters

Author

Auger, Pierre-Amaël, Gorgues, Thomas, Machu, Éric, Brochier, Timothée, Brehmer, Patrice, Aumont, Olivier, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO R&D ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Brehmer, Patrice, HORIZON, IRD, Brehmer, Patrice (ed.), Diogoul, N. (collab.), Zenk, C. (collab.), Vareilles, M. de (collab.), Keenlyside, N. (collab.), Nascimento, J.M. (collab.), Ramos, V. M. (collab.), Sow, B.A. (collab.), Fock, H. (collab.), Schmidt, J. (collab.), Ekau, W. (collab.), Mbaye, A. (collab.), Fall. A. (collab.), Monteiro, I. (collab.), Kouassi, A.M. (collab.), Silva, O. (collab.), Brochier, Timothée (collab.), Sall. M. (collab.), Mayif, M. (collab.), Koné, V. (collab.), Gorgues, Thomas (collab.), Ferreira Santos, C. (collab.), Bamy, I.L. (collab.), Barry, I. (collab.), Sidibe, M. (collab.), Diadhou, H. (collab.), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST, AFRIQUE DU NORD, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ATLANTIQUE
Abstract

ICAWA : International Conference AWA, Lanzarote, ESP, 17-/04/2018 - 20/04/2018; An analysis based on a multi-decadal physical–biogeochemical hindcast simulation (1980-2009) was conducted to characterize the drivers of the spatial distribution of phytoplankton biomass and production in the north-west (NW) African upwelling system. To that end, a comparative box analysis representing homogeneous sub-regions in the NW African upwelling system has been conducted. The sub-regions have been defined using the near-surface horizontal circulation patterns. In each box, we analysed the dynamics of primary productivity and nutrients with regard to advective and diffusive matter fluxes at the boundaries and local biological production and/or uptake. The nature and variability of the matter exported from the coastal margin to the adjacent open ocean were also subsequently depicted. This variability of the primary production may impact the distribution and abundance of fish populations, and their associated fisheries, on a large range of timescales.

Published
2018

6. A promising effect of El Niño on sardinella distribution along the northwest African coast : a potential source of seasonal predictability ? [résumé]

Author

Lopez-Parages, J., Rodriguez de Fonseca, M.B., Brochier, Timothée, Auger, Pierre-Amaël, Zanchettin, D., Rubino, A., Gaetan, C., Keenlyside, N., Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Brehmer, Patrice (ed.), Diogoul, N. (collab.), Ekau, W. (collab.), Mbaye, A. (collab.), Fall. A. (collab.), Monteiro, I. (collab.), Kouassi, A.M. (collab.), Silva, O. (collab.), Brochier, Timothée (collab.), Sall. M. (collab.), Mayif, M. (collab.), Koné, V. (collab.), Zenk, C. (collab.), Gorgues, Thomas (collab.), Ferreira Santos, C. (collab.), Bamy, I.L. (collab.), Barry, I. (collab.), Sidibe, M. (collab.), Diadhou, H. (collab.), Vareilles, M. de (collab.), Keenlyside, N. (collab.), Nascimento, J.M. (collab.), Ramos, V. M. (collab.), Sow, B.A. (collab.), Fock, H. (collab.), and Schmidt, J. (collab.)

Subjects
SAHARA, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST, AFRIQUE DU NORD, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, ATLANTIQUE
Abstract

ICAWA : International Conference AWA, Lanzarote, ESP, 17-/04/2018 - 20/04/2018; Many questions remain open concerning the effect of environmental variability on abundance and distribution dynamics of round sardinella (Sardinella aurita) over the Canary upwelling system. This issue is of special relevance due to the great role that sardinella plays in northwest African fisheries and marine ecosystems. Here, the possible climate drivers of sardinella population migration along the northwest Africa are addressed. To this aim, we have used data provided by the coupled model compounded by the Regional Oceanic Modelling System ROMS, configured for the northwest African upwelling system, and by the biogeochemical model PISCES, which simulates plankton productivity and carbon biomass based upon the main nutrients. This coupled model has been run over the period 1980-2009 using an atmospheric reanalysis and consistent oceanic boundary conditions. Finally, an evolutionary individual-based Lagrangian model has been used to simulate the spatio-temporal behaviour of sardinella according to the environmental constraints obtained from ROMS-PISCES. Strikingly, a robust anomalous increase (decrease) of sardinella biomass has been identified from early to late winter off Cape Blanc (Saharan coast) in response to the Pacific El Niño conditions. This dipolar pattern reflects an alteration of the normal migration of sardinella between the Saharan and the Mauritanian waters and seems to be primarily mediated by the effect that El Niño-related anomalous winds has on the meridional currents along the northwest African coast. This sardinella response to El Niño is reinforced in late winter through an anomalous warming of the Mauritanian waters due to an anomalous weakening of coastal upwelling also forced by the aforementioned El Niño-related anomalous winds. According to our results this anomalous response of sardinella biomass might be predicted, for El Niño years, few months in advance from the El Niño-related SST patterns. This fact opens the possibility to the development of predictive tools, which should be necessarily assessed in further works.

Published
2018

7. Boreal spring equatorial Sea Surface Salinity as a potential predictor of Atlantic Cold Tongue events [résumé de poster]

Author

Da Allada, Yélognissé Casimir, Jouanno, Julien, Kolodziejczyk, N., Maes, Christophe, Bourles, Bernard, Alory, G., Gaillard, F., Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instrumentation, Moyens analytiques, Observatoires en Géophysique et Océanographie (IMAGO), Brehmer, Patrice (ed.), Diogoul, N. (collab.), Ekau, W. (collab.), Mbaye, A. (collab.), Fall. A. (collab.), Monteiro, I. (collab.), Kouassi, A.M. (collab.), Silva, O. (collab.), Brochier, Timothée (collab.), Sall. M. (collab.), Mayif, M. (collab.), Koné, V. (collab.), Zenk, C. (collab.), Gorgues, Thomas (collab.), Ferreira Santos, C. (collab.), Bamy, I.L. (collab.), Barry, I. (collab.), Sidibe, M. (collab.), Diadhou, H. (collab.), Vareilles, M. de (collab.), Keenlyside, N. (collab.), Nascimento, J.M. (collab.), Ramos, V. M. (collab.), Sow, B.A. (collab.), Fock, H. (collab.), and Schmidt, J. (collab.)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, ATLANTIQUE
Abstract

ICAWA : International Conference AWA, Lanzarote, ESP, 17-/04/2018 - 20/04/2018; The link between the boreal spring sea surface salinity (SSS) and the May-June-July (MJJ) sea surface temperature (SST) in the equatorial Atlantic Cold Tongue (ACT) region is investigated at interannual time scales from 1990-2012 using observations and model. Results reveal a significant correlation between April-May-June (AMJ) interannual SSS anomalies (SSSA) and the MJJ SST anomalies (SSTA). Most of extreme interannual SSSA appear the years of extreme interannual SSTA in the ACT region. Thus, major salty and desalted ACT events are followed by 1-month major warm and cold ACT events and confirms the idea that boreal spring SSSA could be used as a predictor of ACT events. Based on the model mixed-layer salinity budget and sensitivity experiments, we found that the interannual variability of the SSS is mainly controlled by horizontal advection during salty and desalted ACT events and changes in the horizontal advection are largely due to changes in winds.

Published
2018

8. Mixed layer heat/salt budget and Equatorial Under-Current dynamics in the tropical Atlantic from a joint model-observations approach [résumé de poster]

Author

Kom, O., Alory, G., Da-Allada, C., Jouanno, Julien, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Brehmer, Patrice (ed.), Diogoul, N. (collab.), Ekau, W. (collab.), Mbaye, A. (collab.), Fall. A. (collab.), Monteiro, I. (collab.), Kouassi, A.M. (collab.), Silva, O. (collab.), Brochier, Timothée (collab.), Sall. M. (collab.), Mayif, M. (collab.), Koné, V. (collab.), Zenk, C. (collab.), Gorgues, Thomas (collab.), Ferreira Santos, C. (collab.), Bamy, I.L. (collab.), Barry, I. (collab.), Sidibe, M. (collab.), Diadhou, H. (collab.), Vareilles, M. de (collab.), Keenlyside, N. (collab.), Nascimento, J.M. (collab.), Ramos, V. M. (collab.), Sow, B.A. (collab.), Fock, H. (collab.), and Schmidt, J. (collab.)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, AFRIQUE SUBSAHARIENNE, GOLFE DE GUINEE, ANGOLA, ATLANTIQUE
Abstract

ICAWA : International Conference AWA, Lanzarote, ESP, 17-/04/2018 - 20/04/2018; Climatological mixed layer heat/salt budget terms derived from a NEMO 1/4° forced model simulation and from a PREFACE observation-based product are compared in the eastern tropical Atlantic. Mean spatial patterns of mixed layer depth, SST and SSS are in good agreement despite some local biases. For the annual mean heat balance, atmospheric fluxes are quite different along the coasts, while horizontal advection mostly differs around the equator, maybe due to the low resolution of the observations (2.5°) that cannot resolve small meridional scales. The seasonal heat balance is compared in boxes off Angola, in the northeast Gulf of Guinea and in the Atlantic cold tongue. Seasonal variations of heat fluxes are correlated except in the last box, while advection is everywhere poorly correlated. For the annual mean salt balance, model and observations show similar freshwater fluxes, with larger spatial contrasts in the model, while advection mostly differs around the ITCZ. In the Benguela region, model and observations roughly agree on freshwater fluxes and advection seasonal variations. Off Angola, SSS variations are uncorrelated. The observed product does not explicitly resolve vertical diffusion, an important process for the heat/salt balance in the Gulf of Guinea. The seasonal characteristics of the simulated EUC transport are compared to observations based on cruises and moorings at 23°W. In the model, the EUC transport is slightly larger than observed on average, while its seasonal cycle is of comparable amplitude and shows a maximum around September and minimum in November, leading the observations by one month. The maximum velocity is also biased high but seasonal cycles are consistent and roughly phased with the transport seasonal cycle. The EUC core in the model is shallower than observed but with a similar seasonal cycle and coinciding maxima in depth and transport. Its latitudinal position is more south of the equator, with a seasonal cycle opposite in phase and larger than observed. A test simulation with interannual wind forcing but climatological fluxes forcing is compared to the reference simulation to identify the respective role of dynamic and thermodynamic forcing on the EUC characteristics, in particular its salinity maximum.

Published
2018

9. International conference ICAWA 2017 and 2018 : extended book of abstract : the AWA project : ecosystem approach to the management of fisheries and the marine environment in West African waters

Author

Koungue, R.A.I, Illig, Serena, Rouault, M., Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Brehmer, Patrice (ed.), Diogoul, N. (collab.), Ekau, W. (collab.), Mbaye, A. (collab.), Fall. A. (collab.), Monteiro, I. (collab.), Kouassi, A.M. (collab.), Silva, O. (collab.), Brochier, Thimothée (collab.), Sall. M. (collab.), Mayif, M. (collab.), Koné, V. (collab.), Zenk, C. (collab.), Gorgues, Thomas (collab.), Ferreira Santos, C. (collab.), Bamy, I.L. (collab.), Barry, I. (collab.), Sidibe, M. (collab.), Diadhou, H. (collab.), Vareilles, M. de (collab.), Keenlyside, N. (collab.), Nascimento, J.M. (collab.), Ramos, V. M. (collab.), Sow, B.A. (collab.), Fock, H. (collab.), Schmidt, J. (collab.), and Brochier, Timothée (collab.)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, ATLANTIQUE
Abstract

Benguela Niños and Niñas are intermittent, extreme warm and cold events that develop near the border between Angola and Namibia. These extreme events have been intensively studied these past years because of their significant impacts on the regional rainfall and the local marine ecosystem. Recently, Imbol Koungue et al. [2017], evidenced the role played by the Interannual Equatorial Kelvin waves during the onset of Benguela Niños and Niñas over 15 years (1997-2012). The present study is an update of the recent paper by Imbol Koungue et al. [2017]. We aim to revisit most of the Benguela Niños and Niñas developing before 1998 along the Angolan and Namibian coastlines using monthly averaged from an Ocean General Circulation Model (OGCM) for the period 1958 - 2015 which has been validated using available observation datasets. Preliminary results show the occurrences of 55 anomalous coastal events (29 warm and 26 cold) over the period 1958 - 2015. In agreement with recent studies, most of these anomalous coastal events are remotely forced via Interannual Equatorial Kelvin Wave (IEKW) propagations at interannual timescales with equatorial variability leading coastal SST variability by 1 month. Meridional transport anomalies across the ABF seem to contribute to the development of these anomalous coastal warm events. We show that October to April appears to be the favourable season in which anomalously warm or cold coastal events in the South-east Atlantic Ocean peak and are also linked to the remote oceanic forcing (IEKW).

Published
2018

10. International conference ICAWA 2017 and 2018 : extended book of abstract : the AWA project : ecosystem approach to the management of fisheries and the marine environment in West African waters

Author

Bachelery, M.L., Illig, Serena, Rouault, M., Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Brehmer, Patrice (ed.), Diogoul, N. (collab.), Ekau, W. (collab.), Mbaye, A. (collab.), Fall. A. (collab.), Monteiro, I. (collab.), Kouassi, A.M. (collab.), Silva, O. (collab.), Brochier, Timothée (collab.), Sall. M. (collab.), Mayif, M. (collab.), Koné, V. (collab.), Zenk, C. (collab.), Gorgues, Thomas (collab.), Ferreira Santos, C. (collab.), Bamy, I.L. (collab.), Barry, I. (collab.), Sidibe, M. (collab.), Diadhou, H. (collab.), Vareilles, M. de (collab.), Keenlyside, N. (collab.), Nascimento, J.M. (collab.), Ramos, V. M. (collab.), Sow, B.A. (collab.), Fock, H. (collab.), and Schmidt, J. (collab.)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, NAMIBIE, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, AFRIQUE SUBSAHARIENNE, ANGOLA, ATLANTIQUE
Abstract

ICAWA : International Conference AWA, Lanzarote, ESP, 17-/04/2018 - 20/04/2018; The objective of this study is to describe the low-frequency modulation of the Equatorial Kelvin Wave (EKW) activity in the tropical Atlantic as well as the low-frequency modulation of the local stratification and coastal winds along the coast of south-western Africa. We aim at investigating the control of these forcings in modulating the oceanic interannual variability off the coasts of Angola/Namibia and the phenomenology of Benguela Niño/Niña events. The methodology is based on the development of a high resolution (1/12°) long-term (1958 - 2008) numerical simulation of the South-Atlantic Ocean using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). The evaluation of the model performances show that the model is skilful in reproducing the mean state and the interannual variability. The evaluation of the equatorial forcing reveals a low-frequency modulation of the EKW activity with a significant reduction of the EKW energy from 1958 to 1990, then re-energized up to 2008. Variations are associated with change in EKW baroclinic mode contribution to interannual sea level anomalies: from 1958 the second baroclinic mode dominate, and is then balance by the third baroclinic mode after the late 1990's. Concomitantly, further analyses show a decrease of the wind stress forcing and a modulation of the magnitude of wind projection coefficients according to the oceanic baroclinic modes in the Guinea gulf with in particular a strong increase of the third EKW mode. Changes are associated with the increase (decrease) of the intensity (maximum depth) of the equatorial stratification. Our results suggest that the change in the remote equatorial forcing may play an important role in the modulation of the variability off the coasts of South-West Africa. These results will be confronted to the low frequency modulation of local wind variations and Coastal Trapped Waves (CTW) signature due to different stratification state along the south-eastern coast of Africa. Indeed, modulation of the coastal stratification will most likely impact the characteristics of CTW propagation and their efficiency to imprint the coastal interannual variability in the Benguela Upwelling System.

Published
2018

11. Monitoring Rossby waves along 6 degree south in the tropical Atlantic [résumé]

Author

Rouault, M., Kounge, R.A.I., Illig, Serena, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Brehmer, Patrice (ed.), Diogoul, N. (collab.), Ekau, W. (collab.), Mbaye, A. (collab.), Fall. A. (collab.), Monteiro, I. (collab.), Kouassi, A.M. (collab.), Silva, O. (collab.), Brochier, Timothée (collab.), Sall. M. (collab.), Mayif, M. (collab.), Koné, V. (collab.), Zenk, C. (collab.), Gorgues, Thomas (collab.), Ferreira Santos, C. (collab.), Bamy, I.L. (collab.), Barry, I. (collab.), Sidibe, M. (collab.), Diadhou, H. (collab.), Vareilles, M. de (collab.), Keenlyside, N. (collab.), Nascimento, J.M. (collab.), Ramos, V. M. (collab.), Sow, B.A. (collab.), Fock, H. (collab.), and Schmidt, J. (collab.)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, BRESIL, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, AFRIQUE SUBSAHARIENNE, ANGOLA, AFRIQUE DU SUD, ATLANTIQUE
Abstract

ICAWA : International Conference AWA, Lanzarote, ESP, 17-/04/2018 - 20/04/2018; The PREFACE program allowed the deployment and annual maintenance of an ATLAS mooring at 6° S, 8° E during PREFACE cruises. A first mooring was bought by South Africa in 2006 and was deployed successfully for a year during a pilot project. PREFACE allowed to buy a second mooring needed to establish a permanent location as one replaced a mooring by a complete calibrated one. This is an extension of the PIRATA array of moorings in the tropical South-East Atlantic and an African contribution to the global observing system. PREFACE acquired an ATLAS mooring which is equipped with an extra currentmeter at 10 m depth and an extra short wave radiation sensor which allows calculation of the radiative flux and the net heat budget at a 10 minute temporal resolution. Turbulent sensible and latent heat fluxes can also be calculated at a 10 minute resolution. Sensible and Daily average is available in real time. A CO2 sensor is also deployed on the mooring. The strategic location of the mooring in the stratocumulus deck which is a problem to coupled models, offshore of the Congo River plume and upstream of the Angola Current make this mooring a unique measuring platform which has continuously worked in real time since May 2013. Mooring data and satellite remote sensing estimates of salinity indicates numerous intrusions of low salinity water from the Congo River since 2013. While the air and sea surface temperature (SST) distribution is unimodal, the upper ocean subsurface temperature and dynamic height is bi-modal and seems to be a seasonal Rossby wave triggered by a seasonal kelvin waves along the equator. PIRATA mooring, altimetry and SST allow monitoring the passage of Rossby waves all the way to Brazil modifying the SST in a region that is known to impact the regional Brazilian climate.

Published
2018

12. Sea Surface Salinity signature of the tropical Atlantic interannual climatic modes [résumé de poster]

Author

Awo, F.M., Alory, G., Da Allada, Yélognissé Casimir, Delcroix, Thierry, Jouanno, Julien, Baloïtcha, E., Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Brehmer, Patrice (ed.), Diogoul, N. (collab.), Ekau, W. (collab.), Mbaye, A. (collab.), Fall. A. (collab.), Monteiro, I. (collab.), Kouassi, A.M. (collab.), Silva, O. (collab.), Brochier, Timothée (collab.), Sall. M. (collab.), Mayif, M. (collab.), Koné, V. (collab.), Zenk, C. (collab.), Gorgues, Thomas (collab.), Ferreira Santos, C. (collab.), Bamy, I.L. (collab.), Barry, I. (collab.), Sidibe, M. (collab.), Diadhou, H. (collab.), Vareilles, M. de (collab.), Keenlyside, N. (collab.), Nascimento, J.M. (collab.), Ramos, V. M. (collab.), Sow, B.A. (collab.), Fock, H. (collab.), and Schmidt, J. (collab.)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, AFRIQUE CENTRALE, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, ATLANTIQUE
Abstract

ICAWA : International Conference AWA, Lanzarote, ESP, 17-/04/2018 - 20/04/2018; A consistent Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) signature of the tropical Atlantic meridional and equatorial interannual modes is extracted from in situ observations and a regional numerical simulation, by a statistical analysis on the 1980-2012 period. Oceanic and/or atmospheric processes responsible for the signature of each mode are identified through a mixed-layer salt budget in the validated model. The meridional mode is associated in spring with a meridional SSS dipole in the equatorial band, due to changes in fresh water flux related to a meridional shift of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). It is also associated with large SSS anomalies in the north and south west tropical Atlantic, due to advection of relatively fresh equatorial waters by strengthened western boundary currents, and off the Congo River where both meridional and vertical advection are involved. The equatorial mode is associated in summer with 3 zonal bands of alternating SSS anomalies between 5°S and 10°N. The southernmost band is due to vertical advection and diffusion at the mixed layer base, the two others to a shift of the ITCZ-related rainfall maximum, with additional contribution of meridional advection in the northernmost band. The equatorial mode also leads to large SSS anomalies in the North Brazil Current retroflection region, mainly due to horizontal advection of equatorial SSS anomalies. The SSS signatures of the meridional and equatorial modes are well captured by the SMOS satellite during particular events.

Published
2018

13. Towards improved climate prediction for West Africa [résumé]

Author

Keenlyside, N., Vareilles, M de., Brandt, P., Brochier, Timothée, Demissie, T., Koseki, S., Mohino, E., Lopez-Parages, J., Prodhomme, C., Sarré, A., Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Brehmer, Patrice (ed.), Diogoul, N. (collab.), Ekau, W. (collab.), Mbaye, A. (collab.), Fall. A. (collab.), Monteiro, I. (collab.), Kouassi, A.M. (collab.), Silva, O. (collab.), Brochier, Timothée (collab.), Sall. M. (collab.), Mayif, M. (collab.), Koné, V. (collab.), Zenk, C. (collab.), Gorgues, Thomas (collab.), Ferreira Santos, C. (collab.), Bamy, I.L. (collab.), Barry, I. (collab.), Sidibe, M. (collab.), Diadhou, H. (collab.), Vareilles, M. de (collab.), Keenlyside, N. (collab.), Nascimento, J.M. (collab.), Ramos, V. M. (collab.), Sow, B.A. (collab.), Fock, H. (collab.), and Schmidt, J. (collab.)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, EUROPE, AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, AMERIQUE DU SUD, SAHEL
Abstract

ICAWA : International Conference AWA, Mindelo, CPV, 13-/11/2017 - 17/11/2017; The project 'Enhancing Prediction of Tropical Atlantic Climate and its Impacts – PREFACE' (www.preface-project.eu) is a 4.5 year research project funded by the European Union under FP7- Environment. The project gathers 28 partners from 18 countries across Africa and Europe, with expertise in oceanography, climate modelling and prediction, and fisheries science, targeting climate prediction and marine-ecosystem changes in the eastern boundary and equatorial upwelling regions of the tropical Atlantic. Since 2013 and in a spirit of strong international cooperation, PREFACE has made important contributions towards improving the Atlantic observational network and climate prediction models – whilst enhancing local capacity and harvesting the synergy from inter-projects collaboration – such that we can now usefully forecast climate from a season to a decade in advance over large regions of the tropical Atlantic Ocean, and over parts of continental South America and Africa. A particular example is the skill in predictions of ocean surface temperature and Sahel rainfall a season to several years ahead. There is also a potential to predict stock biomass from a season to years in advance. We showed that the upwelling intensity in North West Africa and consequent marine productivity are redistributed due to warming trends, and we report a northern spatial shift of round sardinella. In the southeast Atlantic, a similar shift is reported on the same species. Such potentially predictable changes impact food security management and demand adequate policy measures. However, more work is required to make the most use of these predictions. Climate model errors and modelling of biophysical relations continue to be a major challenge. These introduce uncertainties in future projections of climate change and its impacts in this region. They also limit shorter-term climate prediction. Thus much more work is needed to improve models. Collaborative climate research on the Atlantic remains a key priority.

Published
2017

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