1. Large-scale mitogenomic analysis of the phylogeography of the Late Pleistocene cave bear
- Author
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Isaac Rufí, Michel Blant, Martyna Molak, Rafał Kowalczyk, Joaquim Soler, Nicholas J. Conard, Maciej T. Krajcarz, Saskia Pfrengle, Matteo Romandini, Christian Urban, Johannes Krause, Magdalena Krajcarz, Ella Reiter, Marco Peresani, Christophe Cupillard, Verena J. Schuenemann, Emilia Hofman-Kamińska, Gabriele Terlato, Joscha Gretzinger, Vesna Dimitrijević, Hervé Bocherens, Dorothée G. Drucker, Judith Neukamm, Susanne C. Münzel, Lab Chronoenvironm, Partenaires INRAE, University of Zurich, and Schuenemann, Verena J
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Evolutionary biology, Evolutionary genetics ,Paleontologia -- Plistocè ,lcsh:Medicine ,Evolutionary biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Megafauna ,lcsh:Science ,Pleistocene megafauna ,Phylogeny ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Fossils ,SH6_2 ,humanities ,Europe ,Phylogeography ,Geography ,Cave bear -- Extinction -- Europe ,Female ,Ursidae ,Pleistocene ,[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,Biogeography ,Population ,Socio-culturale ,610 Medicine & health ,Extinction, Biological ,DNA, Mitochondrial ,Article ,Evolutionary genetics ,Paleontology -- Pleistocene ,UFSP13-7 Evolution in Action: From Genomes to Ecosystems ,03 medical and health sciences ,Ós de les cavernes -- Extinció -- Europa ,Animals ,education ,Population Density ,1000 Multidisciplinary ,lcsh:R ,Bayes Theorem ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,social sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,030104 developmental biology ,11294 Institute of Evolutionary Medicine ,Genome, Mitochondrial ,Cave bear ,lcsh:Q ,Aurignacian ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
The cave bear (Ursus spelaeus) is one of the Late Pleistocene megafauna species that faced extinction at the end of the last ice age. Although it is represented by one of the largest fossil records in Europe and has been subject to several interdisciplinary studies including palaeogenetic research, its fate remains highly controversial. Here, we used a combination of hybridisation capture and next generation sequencing to reconstruct 59 new complete cave bear mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) from 14 sites in Western, Central and Eastern Europe. In a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis, we compared them to 64 published cave bear mtDNA sequences to reconstruct the population dynamics and phylogeography during the Late Pleistocene. We found five major mitochondrial DNA lineages resulting in a noticeably more complex biogeography of the European lineages during the last 50,000 years than previously assumed. Furthermore, our calculated effective female population sizes suggest a drastic cave bear population decline starting around 40,000 years ago at the onset of the Aurignacian, coinciding with the spread of anatomically modern humans in Europe. Thus, our study supports a potential significant human role in the general extinction and local extirpation of the European cave bear and illuminates the fate of this megafauna species. © 2019, The Author(s). Introduction Results - Sample collection and processing - Phylogenetic analysis - Population size analysis Discussion - Phylogeography and population dynamics - Extinction Material and Methods - Sample collection - DNA extraction - Sequence processing - Data from other studies - Alignment and model selection - Inferring phylogenetic relationships - Comparison of D-Loop and Mitogenome Tree Topology Differences - Bayesian phylogenetic inference and demographic reconstruction - Accession numbers
- Published
- 2019
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