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1. Spatial and Temporal Variations in SO2 and PM2.5 Levels Around Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i During 2007–2018

Author

Rachel C. W. Whitty, Evgenia Ilyinskaya, Emily Mason, Penny E. Wieser, Emma J. Liu, Anja Schmidt, Tjarda Roberts, Melissa A. Pfeffer, Barbara Brooks, Tamsin A. Mather, Marie Edmonds, Tamar Elias, David J. Schneider, Clive Oppenheimer, Adrian Dybwad, Patricia A. Nadeau, Christoph Kern, Institute of Geophysics and Tectonics, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University College of London [London] (UCL), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO), National Centre for Atmospheric Science [Leeds] (NCAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), University of Oxford [Oxford], Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory, and ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Air pollution, Kilauea, SO2, PM2.5, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Kīlauea, medicine, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, lcsh:Science, Air quality index, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pollutant, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, emissions, Particulates, air quality, Aerosol, Plume, volcano, Volcano, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, lcsh:Q, Hawai’i, Rift zone
Abstract

International audience; Among the hazards posed by volcanoes are the emissions of gases and particles that can affect air quality and damage agriculture and infrastructure. A recent intense episode of volcanic degassing associated with severe impacts on air quality accompanied the 2018 lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) eruption of Kīlauea volcano, Hawai'i. This resulted in a major increase in gas emission rates with respect to usual emission values for this volcano, along with a shift in the source of the dominant plume to a populated area on the lower flank of the volcano. This led to reduced air quality in downwind communities. We analyse open-access data from the permanent air quality monitoring networks operated by the Hawai'i Department of Health (HDOH) and National Park Service (NPS), and report on measurements of atmospheric sulfur dioxide (SO 2) between 2007 and 2018 and PM 2.5 (aerosol particulate matter with diameter

Published
2020
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2. Santorini Volcano and its Plumbing System

Author

David M. Pyle, Tamsin A. Mather, Timothy H. Druitt, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford, ANR-10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), and University of Oxford [Oxford]

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, magma reservoir, volcanic unrest, Lower intensity, Volcanism, Unrest, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Intrusion, Volcano, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, Magma, Plinian eruption, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Caldera, Aegean arc, Petrology, Volcanic unrest, Geology, Santorini caldera, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Santorini Volcano is an outstanding natural laboratory for studying arc volcanism, having had twelve Plinian eruptions over the last 350,000 years, at least four of which caused caldera collapse. Periods between Plinian eruptions are characterized by intra-caldera edifice construction and lower intensity explosive activity. The Plinian eruptions are fed from magma reservoirs at 4–8 km depth that are assembled over several centuries prior to eruption by the arrival of high-flux magma pulses from deeper in the sub-caldera reservoir. Unrest in 2011–2012 involved intrusion of two magma pulses at about 4 km depth, suggesting that the behaviour of the modern-day volcano is similar to the behaviour of the volcano prior to Plinian eruptions. Emerging understanding of Santorini's plumbing system will enable better risk mitigation at this highly hazardous volcano.

Published
2019
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3. End-Cretaceous akaganéite as a mineral marker of Deccan volcanism in the sedimentary record

Author

Tamsin A. Mather, Julie Carlut, José Mirão, Anne Nédélec, Eric Font, Sandra Casale, Céline Rémazeilles, Instituto Dom Luís, Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur pour l'Environnement (LaSIE), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), University of Évora [Portugal], Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur pour l'Environnement - UMR 7356 (LaSIE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Akaganéite, Stratigraphy, Geochemistry, lcsh:Medicine, Mineralogy, Volcanism, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Article, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Deccan Traps, lcsh:Science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Extinction event, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, lcsh:R, Volcanology, Cretaceous, Volcano, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, engineering, lcsh:Q, Sedimentary rock, Geology, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract

An enigmatic chloride-rich iron (oxyhydr)oxide has been recently identified together with mercury anomalies in End-Cretaceous marine sediments coeval with the Deccan Traps eruptions. The mineral was observed in Bidart (France) and Gubbio (Italy), suggesting a widespread phenomenon. However, the exact nature and origin of this Cl-bearing mineral remained speculative. Here, we characterized the accurate composition and nanostructure of this chloride-rich phase by using micro-Raman spectroscopy, Transmission (TEM) and Scanning (SEM) Electron Microscopy on Focused Ion Beam foils. We also provide new evidence of its occurrence in Zumaia, a reference KPg section from Spain. Results confirm akaganéite (β-FeOOH) as the main phase, with chloride content of 3–5 atomic weight %. Akaganéite particles are constituted by the aggregation of nanorods of akaganéite. Internal structures contain empty spaces, suggesting formation in a low-density (atmospheric) environment. This new mineralogical evidence supports the hypothesis that the observed akaganéite was formed in the Deccan volcanic plume and was transported to the Atlantic and Tethysian realms through the stratosphere. Therefore, akaganéite provides a potential new sedimentary marker to identify the imprint of the Deccan eruptions in the stratigraphic record and is evidence of volcanic halogen degassing and its potential role for the Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction.

Published
2017
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4. Post-eruptive flooding of Santorini caldera and implications for tsunami generation

Author

Michelle Parks, Anthony Watts, David M. Pyle, Tamsin A. Mather, Christian Hübscher, Paraskevi Nomikou, Karim Kelfoun, L. M. Kalnins, Benedikt Weiß, Timothy H. Druitt, Konstantina Bejelou, Michele Paulatto, Steven Carey, Danai Lampridou, Dimitris Papanikolaou, University of Athens, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Geophysik [Hamburg], Universität Hamburg (UHH), Earth Science Department, Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Department of Dynamics, Tectonics and Applied Geology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens = University of Athens (NKUA | UoA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, Poison control, Pyroclastic rock, DEBRIS AVALANCHE, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, DEPOSITS, 01 natural sciences, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, KRAKATAU, Bronze Age, GREECE, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Caldera, Bathymetry, 14. Life underwater, Slumping, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Science & Technology, Submarine, General Chemistry, VOLCANO, Multidisciplinary Sciences, LATE BRONZE-AGE, Volcano, 13. Climate action, IONIAN SEA, Science & Technology - Other Topics, GRASS GIS, Geology, Seismology, SOUTH AEGEAN SEA, MINOAN ERUPTION
Abstract

Caldera-forming eruptions of island volcanoes generate tsunamis by the interaction of different eruptive phenomena with the sea. Such tsunamis are a major hazard, but forward models of their impacts are limited by poor understanding of source mechanisms. The caldera-forming eruption of Santorini in the Late Bronze Age is known to have been tsunamigenic, and caldera collapse has been proposed as a mechanism. Here, we present bathymetric and seismic evidence showing that the caldera was not open to the sea during the main phase of the eruption, but was flooded once the eruption had finished. Inflow of water and associated landsliding cut a deep, 2.0–2.5 km3, submarine channel, thus filling the caldera in less than a couple of days. If, as at most such volcanoes, caldera collapse occurred syn-eruptively, then it cannot have generated tsunamis. Entry of pyroclastic flows into the sea, combined with slumping of submarine pyroclastic accumulations, were the main mechanisms of tsunami production., The Bronze Age eruption of Santorini is known to have generated tsunamis with caldera collapse as the likely mechanism. However, new bathymetric and seismic data presented by Nomikou et al. show that the entry of pyroclastic flows into the sea is the most likely tsunami-generating mechanism at Santorini.

Published
2016
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5. Siderophile metal fallout to Greenland from the 1991 winter eruption of Hekla (Iceland) and during the global atmospheric perturbation of Pinatubo

Author

Paolo Cescon, Christophe Ferrari, Carlo Barbante, Barbara Stenni, Giulio Cozzi, Vania Gaspari, Tamsin A. Mather, Paolo Gabrielli, Jean Luc Jaffrezo, John M. C. Plane, Claude F. Boutron, Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes-CNR, University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], School of Earth Sciences and Byrd Polar Research Center, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Environmental Sciences Department, School of Chemistry [Leeds], University of Leeds, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Unité de Formation et de Recherche de Physique, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche [Trieste], Università degli studi di Trieste, Polytech' Grenoble, Gabrielli, P., Barbante, C., Plane, J. M. C., Boutron, C., Jaffrezo, J. L., Mather, T. A., Stenni, Barbara, Gaspari, V., Cozzi, G., Ferrari, C., Cescon, P., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Earth science, Anthropogenic emissions, Greenland, 010501 environmental sciences, snow pit, Atmospheric sciences, Iridium, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere, Troposphere, Geochemistry and Petrology, Snow, Siderophile elements, platinum, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, Volcanic eruptions, Pinatubo, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Platinum, Siderophile element, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Advection, Volcanic emissions, Geology, Volcanic eruption, Aerosol, Volcano, 13. Climate action, Meteoric smoke, Seawater, Volcanic ash
Abstract

International audience; Ir and Pt are siderophile elements that are considered proxies of meteoric material of cosmic origin entrapped within polar ice layers. However, volcanic and anthropogenic fallouts have the potential to perturb their characteristic extraterrestrial signature even in remote polar areas. Here we show a record of Ir and Pt concentrations in snow samples collected from a 2.7 m pit, which was dug at Summit (Central Greenland), and covered five years from winter 1991 to summer 1995. A well-defined peak of Pt, and a spike of Ir, were found at the base of the snow pit record. These maxima occur in close concurrence with large concentration peaks in Al, Ag, Cd and Hg. Dating of the snow layers together with some geochemical evidence suggests that these peaks originated from the fallout to Greenland of volcanic ash emitted by the nearby Hekla volcano (Iceland), during the eruption of January–March 1991. Interestingly, an anomalous peak of methane sulfonic acid (MSA) in Greenland snow also corresponds to the Hekla ash fallout. This might point to an early biomass production in the North Atlantic Ocean during the first half of 1991, which was possibly stimulated by the fertilizing action of the Hekla ash fallout to seawater. During the following years (1992–1995) the global atmosphere was under the influence of the large perturbation produced by the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo (Philippines) in June 1991. Relatively high Ir and Pt concentrations with super-chondritic ratios are recorded especially during summer 1993. We discuss if this can be interpreted as the possible stratospheric input of Pinatubo's aerosol or fallout of extraterrestrial origin. During the same period the snow pit record was also influenced by the advection of air masses enriched in Pt with respect to Ir. One possibility is that this additional Pt contribution originated from widespread emissions into the troposphere produced by vehicles equipped with catalytic converters. In any case, Pt concentration levels found in recent Greenland snow are about two orders of magnitude lower than previously thought, pointing to a much lower anthropogenic contamination of the Arctic regions from Pt. This challenges the concept of an important hemispheric contamination of Pt from vehicles equipped with catalytic converters.

Published
2008
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