1. Ionization of Xenon Clusters by a Hard X-ray Laser Pulse
- Author
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Yoshiaki Kumagai, Weiqing Xu, Kazuki Asa, Toshiyuki Hiraki Nishiyama, Koji Motomura, Shin-ichi Wada, Denys Iablonskyi, Subhendu Mondal, Tetsuya Tachibana, Yuta Ito, Tsukasa Sakai, Kenji Matsunami, Takayuki Umemoto, Christophe Nicolas, Catalin Miron, Tadashi Togashi, Kanade Ogawa, Shigeki Owada, Kensuke Tono, Makina Yabashi, Hironobu Fukuzawa, Kiyonobu Nagaya, Kiyoshi Ueda, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University [Sendai], Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), ShanghaiTech University [Shanghai], Kyoto University, RIKEN SPring-8 Center [Hyogo] (RIKEN RSC), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering [Higashi-Hiroshima], Hiroshima University, Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Synchrotron SOLEIL (Synchrotron SOLEIL), Maxlab, Lund University [Lund], Laboratoire Interactions, Dynamiques et Lasers (ex SPAM) (LIDyl), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute [Hyogo] (JASRI)
- Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,ion time-of-flight spectroscopy ,xenon cluster ,nanoplasma ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,hard X-ray laser ,General Engineering ,General Materials Science ,electron spectroscopy ,Instrumentation ,pump–probe experiment ,Computer Science Applications - Abstract
Ultrashort pulse X-ray free electron lasers (XFFLs) provided us with an unprecedented regime of X-ray intensities, revolutionizing ultrafast structure determination and paving the way to the novel field of non-linear X-ray optics. While pioneering studies revealed the formation of a nanoplasma following the interaction of an XFEL pulse with nanometer-scale matter, nanoplasma formation and disintegration processes are not completely understood, and the behavior of trapped electrons in the electrostatic potential of highly charged species is yet to be decrypted. Here we report the behavior of the nanoplasma created by a hard X-ray pulse interacting with xenon clusters by using electron and ion spectroscopy. To obtain a deep insight into the formation and disintegration of XFEL-ignited nanoplasma, we studied the XFEL-intensity and cluster-size dependencies of the ionization dynamics. We also present the time-resolved data obtained by a near-infrared (NIR) probe pulse in order to experimentally track the time evolution of plasma electrons distributed in the XFEL-ignited nanoplasma. We observed an unexpected time delay dependence of the ion yield enhancement due to the NIR pulse heating, which demonstrates that the plasma electrons within the XFEL-ignited nanoplasma are inhomogeneously distributed in space.
- Published
- 2023