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1. Effects of Action Observation and Action Observation Combined with Motor Imagery on Maximal Isometric Strength

Author

Ursula Debarnot, Christian Collet, Tadhg E. MacIntyre, Franck Di Rienzo, Pierric Joassy, Yoann Blache, Thiago Ferreira Dias Kanthack, Aymeric Guillot, Christophe Hautier, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Elbow flexor, Isometric exercise, [CHIM.THER]Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, Motor Activity, Biceps, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Motor imagery, [SDV.SP.MED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Medication, Motor cognition, Isometric Contraction, Motor system, Elbow Joint, medicine, Humans, Force platform, Muscle, Skeletal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Electromyography, General Neuroscience, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.SP.PG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Galenic pharmacology, Action observation, Arm, Imagination, [SDV.SP.PHARMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, Female, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Action observation (AO) alone or combined with motor imagery (AO + MI) has been shown to engage the motor system. While recent findings support the potential relevance of both techniques to enhance muscle function, this issue has received limited scientific scrutiny. In the present study, we implemented a counterbalanced conditions design where 21 participants performed 10 maximal isometric contractions (12-s duration) of elbow flexor muscles against a force platform. During the inter-trial rest periods, participants completed i) AO of the same task performed by an expert athlete, ii) AO + MI, i.e. observation of an expert athlete while concurrently imagining oneself performing the same task, and iii) watching passively a video documentary about basketball shooting (Control). During force trials, we recorded the total force and integrated electromyograms from the biceps brachii and anterior deltoideus. We also measured skin conductance from two finger electrodes as an index of sympathetic nervous system activity. Both AO and AO + MI outperformed the Control condition in terms of total force (2.79–3.68%, p

Published
2019
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2. Neurophysiological insights on flexibility improvements through motor imagery

Author

Aymeric Guillot, Christian Collet, Thiago Ferreira Dias Kanthack, Théophile Guizard, Franck Di Rienzo, Charalambos Papaxanthis, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Fundação) = CAPES Foundation [Brasilia] (CAPES), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] (CAPS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CAPES foundation [Brasília], Ministry of Education [Brazil], Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité ( LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ), Institut Universitaire de France ( IUF ), Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche ( M.E.N.E.S.R. ), Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] ( CAPS ), and Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM )

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Flexibility (anatomy), Imagery, Psychotherapy, Movement, human skeletal-muscle, static stretch, Electromyography, facilitation, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, Young Adult, Motor performance, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Motor imagery, Movement imagery, transcranial magnetic stimulation, medicine, Humans, Stretch reflex, mental practice, Muscle, Skeletal, passive stretch, Communication, Behavior, perceived exertion, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, contraction, Muscle activation, 030229 sport sciences, Neurophysiology, medicine.anatomical_structure, [ SDV.NEU ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Reflex, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], corticospinal excitability, Psychology, business, strength, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Hamstring
Abstract

International audience; The efficacy of motor imagery (MI) practice to facilitate muscle stretching remains controversial and the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms unexplored. We evaluated the effects of MI practice during a sit-and reach task. Healthy participants were randomly assigned to a MI practice (n = 15) or Control (n = 15) group and completed 2 blocks of 5 sit-and-reach trials. During the first block (B1), participants performed 5 maximal stretching trials of 10s. During the second block (B2), trials were divided into two consecutive parts: i) reproducing the maximum performance of B1 (10s, B2 part 1), and ii) attempting to outperform the maximum performance of B1 (10s, B2 part 2). Participants performed kinesthetic MI of hamstring stretching during B2 trials in the MI practice group. We recorded electromyography from the hamstring and rectos femoris of the dominant leg. We also processed skin conductance as an index of sympathetic activity. We measured greater performance improvements from B1 to B2 part 2 in the MI practice group compared to Control (p < 0.05). Participants in the MI practice group exhibited reduced hamstring activation during both B2 part 1 (p < 0.001) and B2 part 2 (p < 0.001) compared to Control. Skin conductance revealed higher sympathetic activation during B2 part 2 compared to both B1 and B2 part 1 in the two groups. Thus, performing MI during actual movement is likely to improve stretching performance through reduced muscle activation. Such improvement may be grounded in a cortical gain over spinal reflexes.

Published
2017
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3. Short-term effects of integrated motor imagery practice on muscle activation and force performance

Author

Aymeric Guillot, Thiago Ferreira Dias Kanthack, F. Di Rienzo, Karine Monteil, Yoann Blache, Christian Collet, Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport (EA647) (CRIS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Lariboisière-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Imagery, Psychotherapy, Time Factors, Adolescent, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Electromyography, Isometric exercise, Autonomic Nervous System, Biceps, Arousal, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Motor imagery, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Isometric Contraction, Elbow Joint, medicine, Humans, Muscle Strength, Muscle, Skeletal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Relaxation (psychology), medicine.diagnostic_test, General Neuroscience, Resistance Training, 030229 sport sciences, Galvanic Skin Response, Evoked Potentials, Motor, Autonomic nervous system, Muscle relaxation, Practice, Psychological, Female, Self Report, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

The effect of motor imagery (MI) practice on isometric force development is well-documented. However, whether practicing MI during rest periods of physical training improves the forthcoming performance remains unexplored. We involved 18 athletes in a counterbalanced design including three physical training sessions scheduled over five consecutive days. Training involved 10 maximal isometric contractions against a force plate, with the elbow at 90°. During two sessions, we integrated MI practice (focusing on either muscle activation or relaxation) during the inter-trial rest periods. We measured muscle performance from force plate and electromyograms of the biceps brachii and anterior deltoideus. We continuously monitored electrodermal activity (EDA) to control sympathetic nervous system activity. MI of muscle activation resulted in higher isometric force as compared to both MI of muscle relaxation and passive recovery (respectively +2.1% and +3.5%). MI practice of muscle relaxation also outperformed the control condition (+1.9%). Increased activation of the biceps brachii was recorded under both MI practice conditions compared to control. Biceps brachii activation was similar between the two MI practice conditions, but electromyography revealed a marginal trend toward greater activation of the anterior deltoideus during MI practice of muscle activation. EDA and self-reports indicated that these effects were independent from physiological arousal and motivation. These results might account for priming effects of MI practice yielding to higher muscle activation and force performance. Present findings may be of interest for applications in sports training and neurologic rehabilitation.

Published
2015
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