1. Pictograms to aid laypeople in identifying the addictiveness of gambling products (PictoGRRed study)
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Amandine Luquiens, Morgane Guillou, Julie Giustiniani, Servane Barrault, Julie Caillon, Helena Delmas, Sophia Achab, Bruno Bento, Joël Billieux, Damien Brevers, Aymeric Brody, Paul Brunault, Gaëlle Challet-Bouju, Mariano Chóliz, Luke Clark, Aurélien Cornil, Jean-Michel Costes, Gaetan Devos, Rosa Díaz, Ana Estevez, Giacomo Grassi, Anders Hakansson, Yasser Khazaal, Daniel L. King, Francisco Labrador, Hibai Lopez-Gonzalez, Philip Newall, José C. Perales, Aurélien Ribadier, Guillaume Sescousse, Stephen Sharman, Pierre Taquet, Isabelle Varescon, Cora Von Hammerstein, Thierry Bonjour, Lucia Romo, Marie Grall-Bronnec, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Soins Primaires, Santé Publique, Registre des cancers de Bretagne Occidentale (EA7479 SPURBO), Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Qualité de vie et Santé psychologique [Tours] (QualiPsy - E.E. 1901), Université de Tours (UT), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), MethodS in Patients-centered outcomes and HEalth ResEarch (SPHERE), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Nantes Université - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques (Nantes Univ - UFR Pharmacie), Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Régnier [Rennes], Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne University Hospital, Psychological Sciences Research Institute [Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgique] (IPSY), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Ecole Pour l'Informatique et les Techniques Avancées (EPITA), Imagerie et cerveau (iBrain - Inserm U1253 - UNIV Tours ), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Universitat de València (UV), University of British Columbia (UBC), Lund University [Lund], Observatoire des Jeux, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi [Belgium], Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier [Bron], Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (ICMiD), Flinders University [Adelaide, Australia], Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Central Queensland University (CQU), Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), King‘s College London, CHU Lille, Psychologie : Interactions, Temps, Emotions, Cognition (PSITEC) - ULR 4072 (PSITEC), Université de Lille, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé (LPPS (URP_4057)), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Adaptation, mesure et évaluation en santé. Approches interdisciplinaires (APEMAC), Université de Lorraine (UL), Université de Montpellier (UM), Clinique, Psychanalyse, Développement (CliPsyD), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), and AL: data sharing agreement with Winamax and FDJ. Scientific independence towards gambling industry operators is warranted. There were no constraints on publishing. MGB, JC and GCB declare that the University Hospital of Nantes has received funding from the gambling industry (FDJ and PMU) in the form of a philantropic sponsorship (donations that do not assign purpose of use). Scientific independence towards gambling industry operators is warranted. There were no constraints on publishing. GCB: data sharing agreement with FDJ. LR : Participation in « GIS Jeu et société » , 4 universités (founded by the FDJ). Reaserch grant by U Paris Nanterre. LC is the Director of the Centre for Gambling Research at UBC, which is supported by funding from the Province of British Columbia and the British Columbia Lottery Corporation (BCLC), a Canadian Crown Corporation. The Province of British Columbia, and BCLC had no involvement in the ideas expressed herein, and impose no constraints on publishing. Luke Clark has received speaker/travel honoraria from the National Association of Gambling Studies (Australia) and the National Center for Responsible Gaming (USA). He has received consulting fees from Gambling Research Exchange Ontario (Canada) and the National Center for Responsible Gaming (USA). He has not received any further direct or indirect payments from the gambling industry or groups substantially funded by gambling. He has received royalties from Cambridge Cognition Ltd. relating to neurocognitive testing. AH has research funding from the state-owned gambling operator of Sweden (AB Svenska Spel) and from that operator’s research council, as well as from the research council of the Swedish alcohol monopoly (Systembolaget AB), as well as a non-financial collaboration with the private company Kontigo Care, which provides technical follow-up devices in clinical gambling disorder treatment. None of these organizations had any role in—or influence on—the present work.
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Multidisciplinary ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Humans ,Gambling ,Behavior, Addictive ,White People ,Judgment - Abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-26963-9, The structural addictive characteristics of gambling products are important targets for prevention, but can be unintuitive to laypeople. In the PictoGRRed (Pictograms for Gambling Risk Reduction) study, we aimed to develop pictograms that illustrate the main addictive characteristics of gambling products and to assess their impact on identifying the addictiveness of gambling products by laypeople. We conducted a three-step study: (1) use of a Delphi consensus method among 56 experts from 13 countries to reach a consensus on the 10 structural addictive characteristics of gambling products to be illustrated by pictograms and their associated definitions, (2) development of 10 pictograms and their definitions, and (3) study in the general population to assess the impact of exposure to the pictograms and their definitions (n = 900). French-speaking experts from the panel assessed the addictiveness of gambling products (n = 25), in which the mean of expert's ratings was considered as the true value. Participants were randomly provided with the pictograms and their definitions, or with a standard slogan, or with neither (control group). We considered the control group as representing the baseline ability of laypeople to assess the addictiveness of gambling products. Each group and the French-speaking experts rated the addictiveness of 14 gambling products. The judgment criterion was the intraclass coefficients (ICCs) between the mean ratings of each group and the experts, reflecting the level of agreement between each group and the experts. Exposure to the pictograms and their definition doubled the ability of laypeople to assess the addictiveness of gambling products compared with that of the group that read a slogan or the control group (ICC = 0.28 vs. 0.14 (Slogan) and 0.14 (Control)). Laypeople have limited awareness of the addictive characteristics of gambling products. The pictograms developed herein represent an innovative tool for universally empowering prevention and for selective prevention., Santé Publique France
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- 2022
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