1. The atmosphere of Mars as observed by InSight
- Author
-
Justin N. Maki, A. Jacob, Stephen R. Lewis, Nicholas A Teanby, Mercedes Marin-Jimenez, Anna Mittelholz, Constantinos Charalambous, Sara Navarro, M. M. Baker, Mark T. Lemmon, Tristram Warren, Javier Gómez-Elvira, Alexander E. Stott, Matthew P. Golombek, Antoine Lucas, Jorge Pla-Garcia, J. Torres, Eric Beucler, Balthasar Kenda, Aymeric Spiga, Rudolf Widmer-Schnidrig, Philippe Lognonné, Veronique Ansan, V. Peinado, Özgür Karatekin, William T. Pike, Nils Mueller, Savas Ceylan, K. Hurst, Daniel Viúdez-Moreiras, Christopher T. Russell, Antonio Molina, Sebastien Rodriguez, Clément Perrin, Naomi Murdoch, David Mimoun, Claire E. Newman, Ralph D. Lorenz, L. Martire, Luis Mora-Sotomayor, Simon Stähler, Tilman Spohn, Lucie Rolland, Stephen Sackett, Ingrid Daubar, Raphaël F. Garcia, W. Bruce Banerdt, Catherine L. Johnson, Domenico Giardini, Brian Carcich, Don Banfield, Suzanne E. Smrekar, John Clinton, François Forget, Ehouarn Millour, Taichi Kawamura, J. A. Rodríguez-Manfredi, Bart Van Hove, A. Lepinette, Anni Määttänen, J. B. McClean, Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science (CCAPS), Cornell University, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Aeolis Research, Space Science Institute [Boulder] (SSI), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels], School of Earth Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering [London] (DEEE), Imperial College London, Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Vancouver] (EOAS), University of British Columbia (UBC), IMPEC - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Sorbonne Université (SU), School of Physical Sciences [Milton Keynes], The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Swiss Seismological Service [ETH Zurich] (SED), Institute of Geophysics [ETH Zürich], Department of Earth Sciences [ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)-Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)-Department of Earth Sciences [ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)-Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Physics [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences [Providence], Brown University, Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Universität Stuttgart [Stuttgart], Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA), Morton K. Blaustein Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Center for Earth and Planetary Studies [Washington] (CEPS), Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution-Smithsonian Institution, Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences [Los Angeles] (EPSS), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Département Electronique, Optronique et Signal (DEOS), Cornell University [New York], École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels] (ROB), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Vancouver] (UBC EOAS), PLANETO - LATMOS, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics [Milton Keynes], The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU)-The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Department of Earth Sciences [Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)-Department of Earth Sciences [Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique UMR6112 (LPG), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford, University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), ANR-14-CE36-0012,SEISMARS,Seismology on Mars(2014), ANR-19-CE31-0008,MAGIS,MArs Geophysical InSight(2019), Unidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MDM-2017-0737, Määttänen, A. [0000-0002-7326-8492], Martire, L. [0000-0002-9402-6150], Rodríguez Manfredi, J. A. [0000-0003-0461-9815], Lognonné, P. [0000-0002-1014-920X], Rodríguez, S. [0000-0003-1219-0641], Spiga, A. [0000-0002-6776-6268], Perrin, C. [0000-0002-7200-5682], Molina, A. [0000-0002-5038-2022], García, R. [0000-0003-1460-6663], Murdoch, N. [0000-0002-9701-4075], Lorenz, R. [0000-0001-8528-4644], Mittelholz, A. [0000-0002-5603-7334], Kawamura, T. [0000-0001-5246-5561], Widmer Schnidrig, R. [0000-0001-9698-2739], McClean, J. [0000-0002-7863-0120], Mueller, N. [0000-0001-9229-8921], Lewis, S. [0000-0001-7237-6494], Teanby, N. [0000-0003-3108-5775], Warren, T. [0000-0003-3877-0046], Milliour, E. [0000-0003-4808-9203], Lemmon, M. [0000-0002-4504-5136], Clinton, J. [0000-0001-8626-2703], Ceylan, S. [0000-0002-6552-6850], Banfield, D. [0000-0003-2664-0164], Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)
- Subjects
Martian ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Atmosphere ,Mars ,Mars Exploration Program ,Atmosphere of Mars ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,Mars Atmosphere ,01 natural sciences ,Wind speed ,Astrobiology ,Autre ,13. Climate action ,Dust storm ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Environmental science ,Aeolian processes ,[SDU.OTHER]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Other ,Meteorologie ,InSight mission ,Dust devil ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,InSight - Abstract
Banfield, D. et al., The atmosphere of Mars is thin, although rich in dust aerosols, and covers a dry surface. As such, Mars provides an opportunity to expand our knowledge of atmospheres beyond that attainable from the atmosphere of the Earth. The InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) lander is measuring Mars’s atmosphere with unprecedented continuity, accuracy and sampling frequency. Here we show that InSight unveils new atmospheric phenomena at Mars, especially in the higher-frequency range, and extends our understanding of Mars’s meteorology at all scales. InSight is uniquely sensitive to large-scale and regional weather and obtained detailed in situ coverage of a regional dust storm on Mars. Images have enabled high-altitude wind speeds to be measured and revealed airglow—faint emissions produced by photochemical reactions—in the middle atmosphere. InSight observations show a paradox of aeolian science on Mars: despite having the largest recorded Martian vortex activity and dust-devil tracks close to the lander, no visible dust devils have been seen. Meteorological measurements have produced a catalogue of atmospheric gravity waves, which included bores (soliton-like waves). From these measurements, we have discovered Martian infrasound and unexpected similarities between atmospheric turbulence on Earth and Mars. We suggest that the observations of Mars’s atmosphere by InSight will be key for prediction capabilities and future exploration., With funding from the Spanish government through the "María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence" accreditation (MDM-2017-0737); Centro de Desarrollo Tecnológico e Industrial (CDTI), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and the Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA).
- Published
- 2020