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Fluorizoline is a cytotoxic trifluorothiazoline that targets the scaffold proteins prohibitins-1 and -2 (PHB1/2) to inhibit the kinase C-RAF and promote the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 to induce cancer cell death. In melanocytes, fluorizoline also induces the synthesis of melanin. Herein we report the first structural requirement of fluorizoline analogues for these activities. We identified in particular some compounds that display enhanced anti-C-RAF and anti-MEK activities, and a higher cytotoxicity in HeLa cells compared to fluorizoline. These results provide a foundation for further optimization of PHB ligands for the treatment of cancers. We also discovered an analogue of fluorizoline that displays pharmacological effects opposed to those of fluorizoline and that can be used as a chemical tool to explore PHB signaling in cancers and other diseases.

International audience; In this paper we present an energy management approach for an isolated PV-battery hybrid system. The studied system is composed of a lifepo4 battery pack coupled to a BMS, a PV module and an inverter controlled with a load management device. We aim to provide sufficient energy to different loads and decrease the energy deficit and the loss of power supply probability (LPSP) factor. The simulation results were performed with Matlab/Simulink to evaluate the performance of the proposed management algorithm on the PV-Battery hybrid system. A comparative study between the system without and with the management system shows a 40% reduction of the system energy deficit. Furthermore, the LPSP factor was minimized to 4%.

International audience; Hygrothermal mathematical models are commonly used to describe heat and moisture transfer in porous and bio-based building construction materials. This allows to evaluate their thermal insulation capacity, as well as their ability to regulate external climatic conditions and ensure indoor comfort for inhabitants. In this paper, a sensitivity analysis is performed on Kunzel's model, while it is applied to simulate the hygrothermal behavior of a wall structure made of a new bio-based building material (cement composite including date palm fibers). In a first part, the effects of finite variations of material properties/boundary conditions on the model's outcome are investigated. In a second step, specific transfer modes are neglected in the model, in order to study their influence on the numerical predictions. The results of this parametric study show that special attention should be paid to few parameters (heat capacity and density for heat transfer, sorption isotherm and water vapor resistance factors for moisture transfer) at the expense of others. Uncertainties on these influent parameters may result in large error accumulation, especially when modeling the moisture transfer process. Furthermore, initial boundary conditions and sensors position appear to be possible sources of discrepancies in the calculated RH profiles. Finally, the pure conduction model is found to provide good estimation of the temperature profiles compared to the full model, whereas liquid transfer must always be taken into account in the model to ensure accurate RH predictions through a bio-based date palm concrete wall.

International audience; Systems composed of a fleet of autonomous mobile robots are among the most complex control systems. This control complexity is at a high level especially when those robots navigate in hazardous and dynamic environments such as chemical analysis laboratories. These systems include different dangerous and harmful products (toxic, flammable, explosive...) with different quantity. In order to perform its mission on a regular basis, this multi-robot system can be controlled according to multiple architectures. We propose, firstly, to apply the System Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) on two selected control architectures, namely distributed and hybrid architectures in order to obtain a set of loss scenarios for each kind of architecture. For further assessment, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to choose the best architecture. The proposed approach provides a risk analysis and a more practical comparison between the two control architectures of a mobile multi-robot system and facilitates decision-making, even in complex situations.

This paper presents a comparison between some numerical methods and techniques for solving the nonlinear advection-dispersion equation, which may be used to describe the adsorption of phenol into a granular activated carbon fixed bed under local equilibrium conditions. The adsorption is described by the Langmuir isotherm, which makes the advection-dispersion equation nonlinear. This equation is solved successively by using the approximation and linearization techniques. For each technique, two types of numerical algorithms are used. Concerning the first one, the Implicit and the Runge Kutta schemes are used. As for the second one, the Modified Picard iteration and the Newton Raphson scheme are applied. Simulation results have been compared to each other and to the experimental data as well. Both of the Implicit and the Runge Kutta algorithms have led to superimposed simulated breakthrough curves. Both of the modified Picard and Newton Raphson schemes have given identical results too. However, comparing to the experimental data, the obtained solution, using the approximation technique, has underestimated the retardation of solute and failed in fitting the experimental breakthrough. The Obtained solution, using the linearization technique, has correctly fitted the experimental results under all the conditions of: feed flow rate, activated carbon bed height and the inlet phenol concentration.

In the last years, predictive maintenance has gained a central position in condition-based maintenance tasks planning. Machine learning approaches have been very successful in simplifying the construction of prognostic models for health assessment based on available historical labeled data issued from similar systems or specific physical models. However, if the collected samples suffer from lack of labels (small labeled dataset or not enough samples), the process of generalization of the learning model on the dataset as well as on the newly arrived samples (application) can be very difficult. In an attempt to overcome such drawbacks, a new deep supervised learning approach is introduced in this paper. The proposed approach aims at extracting and learning important patterns even from a small amount of data in order to produce more general health estimator. The algorithm is trained online based on local receptive field theories of extreme learning machines using data issued from a propulsion system simulator. Compared to extreme learning machine variants, the new algorithm shows a higher level of accuracy in terms of approximation and generalization under several training paradigms.

International audience; Granular activated carbon (GAC) was synthesized from Silver berry (Elaeagnus Angustifolia L.) seeds using zinc chloride as the activation agent. To optimize the operating parameters, the effects of the time and temperature of carbonization, impregnation ratio, and heating rate on the iodine number and yield of activated carbon were studied. Optimized parameters were impregnation ratio of 1:1, carbonization temperature of 500 degrees C, carbonization time of 1 hour, and heating rate of 5 degrees C/min. The GAC synthesized under optimized conditions was characterized by Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, SEM, EDX, XRD, FT-IR, Boehm titration, TG-TGA, and TG-IR. It was found that the synthesized GAC has a microporous structure with a BET surface area of 1109 m(2)/g, a micropores volume of 0.317 cm(3)/g, and an average pore diameter of 2.1 nm. The methylene blue (MB) dye was employed as a molecule model to evaluate the porosity and the adsorption capacity of the synthesized GAC. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of MB and the percent portion of the surface area (S-MB/S-BET) were 120.48 mg/g and 30.62%, respectively. The experimental results reveal that the synthesized GAC can be used as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of small and large environmental pollutants.

International audience; In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), multi-channel communication represents an attractive field due to its advantage in improving throughput and delivery rate. However, the major challenge that faces WSNs is the energy constraint. To overcome the channel assignment problem in an energy-efficient way, reinforcement learning (RL) approach is used. Though, RL requires several iterations to obtain the best solution, creating a communication overhead and time-wasting. In this paper, a heuristically accelerated reinforcement learning approach for channel assignment (HARL CA) in WSNs is proposed to reduce the learning iterations. The proposal considers the selected channel by the neighboring sender nodes as external information, used to accelerate the learning process and to avoid collisions, while the bandwidth of the used channel is regarded as an important factor in the scheduling process to increase the delivery rate. The results of extensive simulation experiments show the effectiveness of our approach in improving the network lifetime and performance.

International audience; The polyhedral model permits to automatically improve data locality and enable parallelism of regular linear algebra kernels. In previous work we have proposed a new data structure, 2d-packed layout, to store only the non-zeros elements of regular sparse (triangular and banded) matrices dynamically allocated for different basic linear algebra operations, and used Pluto to parallelize and optimize them. To our surprise, there were huge discrepancies in our measures of these kernels execution times that were due to the allocation mode: as statically declared arrays or as dynamically allocated arrays of pointers.In this paper we compare the performance of various linear algebra kernels, including some linear algebra kernels from the PolyBench suite, using different array allocation modes. We present our detailed investigation of the possible reasons of the performance variation on two different architectures: a dual 12-cores AMD (Magny-Cours) and a dual 10-cores Intel Xeon (Haswell-EP).We conclude that static or dynamic memory allocation has an impact on performance in many cases, and that the processor architecture and the gcc compiler's decisions can provoke significant and sometimes surprising variations, in favor of one or the other allocation mode.

International audience; Two previously unreported compounds, 4-O-(2′′-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)-3,5-dihydroxyacetophenone (1) and 5-isopropyl-2-oxo-3,6-dihydropyran-4-carboxylic acid (2), along with twenty-nine known compounds (3−31) were isolated from the aerial parts of Euphorbia gaditana Coss. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analysis 1D and 2D-NMR, mass spectrometry HR-ESI-MS, optical rotation [α]D, acid hydrolysis and the comparison of NMR data with those described in literature. The antioxidant activity-guided study was conducted using DPPH and CUPRAC methods started from the extracts to bioactive isolated molecules. Most of the isolates (1-31) showed a good to excellent antioxidant activity compared to the standards BHT and ascorbic acid. Furthermore, 1 and 2 exhibited a moderate tyrosinase inhibitory activity (IC50 89.78 ± 0.93 and 52.39 ± 0.69 μg/mL, respectively) compared to the standard kojic acid (IC50 25.23 ± 0.78 μg/mL).

International audience; This paper presents a new hardware implementation of a supervision system used in robot manipulators with two degrees of freedom. In addition to the simulation results, the new System Generator tool of Xilinx® is used to ensure self-generation of HDL codes. This code is used to configure field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) devices in the loop, and the supervision system is used mainly to ensure real-time reconfiguration of robots. In the proposed system, we used a new fault detection (FD) method for a viscous friction fault in the supervised robot combined with a fault-tolerance control method. The first module, based on residual analysis, is used to FD and to properly estimate the necessary corrections of the second module. For data transmission between the supervisor and the supervised robots, we used an approach based on the transmission control protocol. The simulation results show that the proposed method adjusts the fault effect using information transferred from the remote supervisor robot. The hardware implementation generated using Xilinx® System Generator is used to validate the proposed contribution and to ensure real-time processing in the case of industrial robots. The simulation results and the response times of both proposed systems are compared and discussed.

The membrane transporter BCRP/ABCG2 has emerged as a privileged biological target for the development of small compounds capable of abolishing multidrug resistance. In this context, the chromone skeleton was found as an excellent scaffold for the design of ABCG2 inhibitors. With the aims of optimizing and developing more potent modulators of the transporter, we herewith propose a multidisciplinary medicinal chemistry approach performed on this promising scaffold. A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study on a series of chromone derivatives was first carried out, giving a robust model that was next applied to the design of 13 novel compounds derived from this nucleus. Two of the most active according to the model’s prediction, namely compounds 22 (5-((3,5-dibromobenzyl)oxy)-N-(2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromene-2-carboxamide) and 31 (5-((2,4-dibromobenzyl)oxy)-N-(2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromene-2-carboxamide), were synthesized and had their biological potency evaluated by experimental assays, confirming their high inhibitory activity against ABCG2 (experimental EC50 below 0.10 μM). A supplementary docking study was then conducted on the newly designed derivatives, proposing possible binding modes of these novel molecules in the putative ligand-binding site of the transporter and explaining why the two aforementioned compounds exerted the best activity according to biological data. Results from this study are recommended as references for further research in hopes of discovering new potent inhibitors of ABCG2.

The present work focuses on the crystal structure analysis, vibrational spectroscopy investigation and DFT calculation. Two new charge transfer compounds; bis (creatininium) fumarate fumaric acid (I) and creatininium 3,5-dicarboxybenzoate monohydrate (II), have been synthesized, their Raman and IR modes of vibrations have been assigned and their crystal structures have been studied by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction. Complementary Hirshfeld surface analysis were carried out to investigate and quantify the contributions of the different intermolecular interactions within the crystal. This analysis revels that the main contributions in both compounds are provided by the O⋯H and H⋯H interactions that represent ∼70 (for I) and ∼75% (for II) of the total contributions to the Hirshfeld surface. The results of the theoretically predicted structural parameters and vibrational frequencies are in good agreements with the experimental investigations. These results show that both compounds exhibit similar features, however the energy gap between EHOMO and ELUMO obtained from the molecular orbital analysis indicates that compound (I) is characterized by a molecular structural more favourable for charge transfer.

The present data article is concerned with the hygrothermal performance at the wall scale of a new bio-based building material including date palm fibres. A specific test setup allowed to measure temperature and relative humidity (RH) profiles at three different depths of the bio-based wall subjected to outdoor boundary conditions. Besides, a partial differential equations resolution software was then used to solve two mathematical models (i.e., Kunzel and Mendes models) describing heat and moisture transfer in porous building materials. Both experimental/simulated temperature and RH profiles are provided with this dataset article. The proposed experimental setup can be used for studying the hygrothermal performance of different kinds of bio-based building materials at wall scale, while experimental/numerical data can serve as reference values for the validation of mathematical models intended to describe heat and mass transfer. Keywords: Hygrothermal, Bio-based building materials, Date palm, Heat and moisture transfer, Wall scale, Mathematical models, Simulation

International audience; Clinical indicators such as diarrhoea (DISCO) or anaemia (FAMACHA©) are used as a measure for targeted selective treatments against gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN). Enteric cestodes such as Moniezia may interfere directly with DISCO or indirectly with the FAMACHA© score. We investigated 821 Ouled Djellal rams naturally infected in a steppe environment (GIN alone, cestodes alone, GIN and cestodes) or not. The rams were treated with ivermectin 2 months before being slaughtered to reduce the impact of nematodes on the clinical scores; however, persistent or newly acquired GINs were not related to both scores. Of the non-infected rams (n = 296), 26% identified as needing treatment against GIN using the FAMACHA score, and 34.5% using DISCO would have been thus selected. This implies that the clinical indicators used for the targeted selective treatment of gastrointestinal nematodes are not fully reliable when a low infection is recorded and may well be influenced by confounding factors. As expected, only DISCO was affected by cestode infection, and we suggest that the presence of Moniezia should also be taken into consideration.

International audience; In the present work, the hygrothermal behavior of a wall structure made of a novel biobased material, i.e. date palm fiber reinforced concrete was investigated. In this context, a specific setup was developed which allows simulating a bi-climatic environment with separate outdoor and indoor environments. This device made it possible to apply various scenarios of static / dynamic hygrothermal loading to the outer side of wall, involving variation/cycling of temperature (T) and /or relative humidity (RH). During these experiments, resulting variations of T and RH across the wall thickness were monitored with in-situ sensors. Outstanding thermo-hygric phenomena were highlighted, such as high coupling effect between heat and moisture transfers, resulting from evaporation-condensation and sorption-desorption processes. Besides, significant thermal and hygric inertia was observed through the Date Palme Concrete (DPC) wall. The response time of this DPC wall to temperature variations remains shorter than in the case of humidity variations. Even so, large damping effect is obtained compared to outdoor boundary conditions, which make this DPC wall a good candidate for mitigating overheating during summertime and reducing interstitial condensation as well.

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International audience; In this article, we present ARPM (Augmented Reality-based Preventive Maintenance) system, which aims at offering to the technician of a Cement Factory a virtual assistance in real time using various forms of 3D models, images or even texts, in order to help him to maintain and inspect his equipment. This system not only offers the possibility of reducing costs of the preventive maintenance, but also allows monitoring and even anticipating failures. In order to ensure a reliable maintenance operation, we adapted our system to be compatible with the CMMS system (Computerized Maintenance Management System) already exists in the Cement factory.

k-Set agreement is a central problem of fault-tolerant distributed computing. Considering a set of n processes, where up to t may commit failures, let us assume that each process proposes a value. The problem consists in defining an algorithm such that each non-faulty process decides a value, at most k different values are decided, and the decided values satisfy some context-depending validity condition. Algorithms solving k-set agreement in synchronous message-passing systems have been proposed for different failure models (mainly process crashes, and process Byzantine failures). Differently, k-set agreement cannot be solved in failure-prone asynchronous message-passing systems when t ≥ k . To circumvent this impossibility an asynchronous system must be enriched with additional computational power. Assuming t ≥ k , this paper presents two distributed algorithms that solve k-set agreement in asynchronous message-passing systems where up to t processes may commit crash failures (first algorithm) or more severe Byzantine failures (second algorithm). To circumvent k-set agreement impossibility, this article considers that the underlying system is enriched with the computability power provided by randomization. Interestingly, the algorithm that copes with Byzantine failures is signature-free, and ensures that no value proposed only by Byzantine processes can be decided by a non-faulty process. Both algorithms share basic design principles.

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This paper presents a novel, yet compact texture descriptor for plant species identification based on bark texture images. Termed Statistical Macro Binary Pattern (SMBP), the descriptor is informative, rotation invariant, and it is designed to encode texture information from a large support area. The main novelty of this approach is the use of statistical description to represent the intensity distribution in the large support area, and an LBP-like encoding scheme to derive a statistical macro pattern by thresholding it against its adaptive statistical prototype. We propose to test three neighborhood sampling schemes according to the angular quantization at each level of the macrostructure. The comprehensive experiments on three challenging bark datasets (BarkTex, Trunk12, AFF) show that our descriptor achieves high and more consistent identification rates when compared with LBP-like texture descriptors.

International audience; The evaluation of the thermal performance of a greenhouse requires an understanding of the energy exchanges between its components. In recent years, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) proved to be efficient to predict the microclimate inside greenhouses, but few CFD works analyzed hot and arid climatic conditions. The aim of the present study is to investigate the impact of such specific conditions prevailing in the southern Mediterranean basin considering three different unheated greenhouses equipped with rows of canopy (tunnel, Venlo and plastic vertical wall greenhouse). 2D simulations were conducted in order to estimate the influence of the greenhouse geometry and cover material on the energy balance, focusing in particular on the heat losses. To establish the boundary conditions and validate the model, experiments were launched inside the greenhouses. Simulations were conducted for two contrasted conditions: the nocturnal period when the energy performance of each type of greenhouse was investigated, and the diurnal period for which a solar day was simulated taking account of natural ventilation. A good agreement was found with experiments concerning the temperature profiles and the energy losses. The predicted stable flow patterns slightly differed from one greenhouse to another for each condition: during the night they all disclosed two convective loops sweeping the floor, rising along the middle of the greenhouse, cooling down along the roof and moving down along the sidewalls of the greenhouse, while during the day flow patterns were strongly impacted by the vent openings. The obtained values (temperature and velocity) were coherent with results found in the literature for different greenhouse types and sizes. The developed tool offers potential applications in research on greenhouse climate to assess different cover material performances. It could also be used to investigate the energy consumption and partition for different greenhouse shapes, different crop densities different growth stages.

In this paper we present the complexation, single crystal structure and the third harmonic generation response of the quinoline ligand and its mercury complex. Crystals structure of Bis(quinoline) Mercury (II) dichloride, (C18H14Cl2HgN2) is obtained from aqueous solution and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction at room temperature. This complex crystallizes in centrosymmetric space group. The structure is formed by chains along c axis. These chains are constituted by the quinoline ligand. The electronic contribution χ T H G 3 > is measured using the third harmonic generation technique on thin films at 1064 nm for quinoline ligand and its mercury complex incorporated in PMMA matrices. The first hyperpolarizability (β), the polarizability (α) and the electric dipole moment (μ) were calculated using the density functional B3LYP method with the LANL2DZ basis set. The obtained results for the quinoline ligand and its Hg complex show non zero (β).

Two condensed phthalazine compounds were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis, NMR spectroscopic studies. Single crystal XRD and molecular orbital calculations. Optimized geometrical structures were computed with RB3LYP method with the 6-31G(p, d) basis set. The geometrical parameters of both compounds obtained from Single Crystal XRD were found to be in accord with the calculated (DFT) values. The electronic contribution $$\chi _{THG}^{ } $$ was measured using the third harmonic generation technique on thin films at 1064 nm for both compounds. Also, the values of dipole moment $$\upmu $$ , the average polarizability $${\bar{\upalpha }}$$ , and the first static hyperpolarizability $$\left( {\beta _0 } \right) $$ were computed. The theoretical and experimental results confirm the NLO behavior of both compounds. SYNOPSIS Two condensed phthalazine compounds were synthesized and characterized by IR, UV-Vis, NMR spectroscopy and Single Crystal XRD. The geometrical parameters of both the compounds obtained from XRD studies are in accordance with the calculated values. Their electronic contributions $$\chi _{THG}^{ } $$ have been measured using the third harmonic generation technique on thin films at 1064 nm.

International audience; Bilayer of nickel and nickel oxide were deposited on glass substrates using RF magnetron sputtering technique. The magnetic properties of the prepared thin films were carried out at room temperature in both parallel and perpendicular magnetic field to the sample. The Preisach model was applied to provide a mathematical model of the magnetic hysteresis loop in the case of parallel geometry, along the easy axis of the bi-layer NiO / Ni. Good agreement was obtained between the theoretical and experimental results.

The first large-scale network of tree-ring chronologies from the western Mediterranean (WM; 32°N–43°N, 10°W–17°E) is described and analyzed to identify the seasonal climatic signal in indices of annual ring width. Correlation and rotated empirical orthogonal function analyses are applied to 85 tree-ring series and corresponding gridded climate data to assess the climate signal embedded in the network. Chronologies range in length from 80 to 1129 years. Monthly correlations and partial correlations show overall positive associations for Pinus halepensis (PIHA) and Cedrus atlantica (CDAT) with winter (December–February) and spring (March–May) precipitation across this network. In both seasons, the precipitation correlation with PIHA is stronger, while CDAT chronologies tend to be longer. A combination of positive correlations between growth and winter–summer precipitation and negative partial correlations with growing season temperatures suggests that chronologies in at least part of the network reflect soil moisture and the integrated effects of precipitation and evapotranspiration signal. The range of climate response observed across this network reflects a combination of both species and geographic influences. Western Moroccan chronologies have the strongest association with the North Atlantic Oscillation.

International audience; The aim of this paper is to study the homogenization of a diffusion process which takes place in a binary structure made by an ambient connected phase surrounding the suspensions (very small particles of diameter of order εδ) distributed in an ε-periodic network. Using the periodic unfolding method introduced in [4], in the critical case, when ε and δ go to 0 we determine the asymptotic behavior of the solution of an evolution problem.

International audience; Tin oxide SnO2 thin films were deposited by sol gel method on glass substrates. The as-deposited thin films were then annealed at 550 °C for different time durations (15, 30, 60 and 120 min). Structural and morphological investigations were carried out on all samples by X-ray diffraction method and atomic force microscopy while optical properties were obtained with UV–Visible spectrophotometer. XRD patterns reveals that the samples possess polycrystalline with rutile structure of SnO2 without any secondary phase. AFM image showed that SnO2 thin films having a smooth surface morphology. The optical properties in the visible range showed that the deposited layers have a high transmission factor. The optical band gap energy varies in the range of 3.61–3.73 eV. Finally, ultraviolet (UV) detection properties of samples as an active layer in UV photodetector devices were investigated. Current-voltage characteristics of the SnO2 thin films are performed under dark and light environment, which show low dark current of 22.9 nA with a linear behavior and high current ration > 104 under 2 V applied voltage and 120 min as annealing time. Whereas, high photocurrent is observed for samples annealing for 30 min. Moreover, the transient photoresponse of the fabricated device is reported under different annealing times.

International audience; In this paper, we present a simple new human activity recognition method using discrete cosine transform (DCT). The scheme uses the DCT coefficients extracted from silhouettes as descriptors (features) and performs frame-by-frame recognition, which make it simple and suitable for real time applications. We carried out several tests using radial basis neural network (RBF) for classification, a comparative study against stat-of-the-art methods shows that our technique is faster, simple and gives higher accuracy performance comparing to discrete transform based techniques and other methods proposed in literature.

It is pointed out that the ground state of n neutrons and n protons in a single-j shell, interacting through an isoscalar (T=0) pairing force, is not paired, J=0, but rather spin-aligned, J=n. This observation is explained in the context of a model of isoscalar P (J=1) pairs, which is mapped onto a system of p bosons, leading to an approximate analytic solution of the isoscalar-pairing limit in jj coupling., 7 pages, 3 figures, 1 table

Gold nanoparticles have been used in various applications covering both electronics, biosensors, in vivo biomedical imaging and in vitro biomedical diagnosis. As a general requirement, gold nanoparticles should be prepared in large scale, easy to be functionalized by chemical compound of by specific ligands or biomolecules. In this study, gold nanoparticles were prepared by using different concentrations of reducing agent (NaBH 4 ) in various formulations and their effect on the particle size, size distribution and morphology was investigated. Moreover, special attention has been dedicated to comparison of particles size measured by various techniques, such as, light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, UV spectrum using standard curve and particles size calculated by using Mie theory and UV spectrum of gold nanoparticles dispersion. Particle size determined by various techniques can be correlated for monodispersed particles and excess of reducing agent leads to increase in the particle size.

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International audience; _______________________________________________________________________ In this study, we present new experimental data of vapor-liquid equilibrium for the binary system trifluoromethane (R23) + 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R1234yf), measured at 254.10, 273.43, 293.24, 303.17, 318.08, 332.97, and 348.40 K and at pressure ranging from 0.1568 to 4.3553 MPa. A " static-analytic "-type apparatus is used to do the measurements, with sampling of the equilibrium phases via capillary sampler (ROLSI TM). We used two different methods to model the obtained isothermal P-x-y data: 1) the Peng-Robinson cubic equation of state, incorporating the Mathias-Copeman alpha function, combined with the NRTL excess free energy model and Wong-Sandler mixing rules, and 2) the PC-SAFT equation of state. Both models show a very good agreement with the experimental data. ________________________________________________________________________

International audience; The column leaching behavior of lead and zinc is studied on a soil sample from the Amizour-Bejaia mining region, which is one of Algeria's largest natural reserves for Pb and Zn ores. The maximum amount of metal bound to the soil sample after column leaching by a mono-metal solution at pH 7 is 7.0 and 11.3 g/kg for Zn and Pb, respectively. These values exceed the maximum loading capacities derived from previous batch experiments conducted under similar conditions. The studied soil sample displays a stronger affinity for Pb than Zn under the study conditions. These two metals are associated with various chemical fractions of the mine soil sample, as revealed by a five-step, operationally-defined sequential chemical extraction procedure (with fractions categorized as: exchangeable, acid extractable, reducible, oxidizable, and residual) following column leaching. After metal addition and sorption, carbonates (i.e. the extractable fraction) and Fe- and/or Mn- (oxy)(hydr)oxide phases (reducible fraction) in the soil sample dominate for both Pb and Zn. The extractable fraction is mainly reserved for the purpose of zinc retention; moreover, the stabilization with Fe-Mn (oxy)(hydr)oxide phases serves as a major carrier for Pb.

International audience; Single crystal Silicon (Si) layers have been deposited by molecular beam epitaxy on double-layer porous silicon (PSi). We show that a top thin layer with a low porosity is used as a seed layer for epitaxial growth. While, the underlying higher porosity layer is used as an easily detectable etch stop layer. The morphology and structure of epitaxial Si layer grown on the double-layer PSi are investigated by high resolution X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that, an epitaxial Si layer with a low defect density can be grown. Epitaxial growth of thin crystalline layers on double-layer PSi can provide opportunities for silicon-on-insulator applications and Si-based solar cells provided that the epitaxial layer has a sufficient crystallographic quality.

International audience; With the increasing image falsification due to the easy access and use of image manipulation tools, image authentication techniques have seen considerable interest in protecting multimedia documents integrity and authenticity, it has been demonstrated to be a very powerful solution for ensuring the security of multimedia documents. The aim of this paper is to present a Cholesky decomposition based scheme for strict image authentication. To ensure the requirement of strict authentication where no changes are tolerated to the host image, the Cholesky decomposition properties are used beside the use of cryptographic hash function and public key cryptosystem. For the purpose of reducing the authentication data size, the diagonal of the Cholesky decomposition matrix is used instead of using the entire matrix. The experimental results demonstrate that our technique is able to identify image tampering despite the minor modifications. In addition, the proposed scheme demonstrates its effectiveness in sensitive information systems. We review an application example in medical information security to ensure both integrity and authenticity. Our scheme can find a niche role in healthcare systems as an instrument for secure sharing and control of medical images.

International audience; This paper considers a supply chain management problem which integrates production, inventory, and distribution decisions. The supply chain is composed of one supplier production facility and several retailers located in a given geographic region. The supplier is responsible for the production and the replenishment of the inventory of retailers, in a vendor managed inventory (VMI) context. The distance between retailers is negligible compared to the distance between the supplier and the retailers’ region. Thus, for each vehicle, there is a major fixed cost for traveling to the cluster of retailers and a minor fixed cost for visiting each individual retailer. The problem consists of determining quantities to be produced, quantities to be delivered to retailers, vehicles to be used, and retailers to be serviced by each vehicle. This problem is an extension of the one warehouse multi-retailer problem with the consideration of production planning and storage and vehicle capacity limitations in addition to fixed vehicle utilization costs and retailer servicing costs. The objective is to minimize a total cost composed of production, transportation, and inventory holding costs at the supplier and at the retailers. Two mixed integer linear programming formulations are proposed and six families of valid inequalities are added to strengthen these formulations. Two of these families are new and the others are adapted from the literature. The numerical results show that the valid inequalities considerably improve the quality of the formulations. Moreover, the parameters that influence the most computational times are analyzed.

This paper proposes an advanced energy management strategy for a stand-alone hybrid energy system. The considered hybrid system includes a photovoltaic panel, a fuel cell, an electrolyzer, a battery bank and a supercapacitor. The proposed power management system aims to control the energy flow within the system and decides the amount of the load power shared with each power source. The system control is implemented in two parts: a central power flow controller that provides overall control of the power system and a local loads controller, which controls the different loads according to the energy balance of the system. The hybrid power system has been tested by simulation using models implemented in Matlab/Simulink software. The simulation is performed over a short and a long period of time in order to evaluate the performance of the dynamic controllers and the effectiveness of the management strategy. For a long simulation period, a house located in the province of Batna ( 35 ° 33 ′ N 6 ° 10 ′ E) has been taken as a case study with a deep study on real load profile for an average house with all required weather data with respect to the location. The simulation results confirm the efficiency of the proposed control strategy, as it increases the reliability of the system and improves its energy balance.

International audience; This paper created a new research space in the faults modeling and detection area of the industrial systems, especially photovoltaic generators. It reserved for modeling and detection the hybrid defects, like the presence of cells open- and short-circuit within the same photovoltaic cells group.For a small investment, the new algorithm created a new platform. It exposed a display screen of the database, which presented the power of the PV module production in each period. The display screen allows real-time monitoring of the PV module production throughout the year, and detecting its anomalies.

Part 13: Security and Network Technologies: Energy and Synchronisation; International audience; In this article, we propose an approach to build fault-tolerant distributed real-time embedded systems. From a given system description and a given fault hypothesis, we generate automatically a fault tolerant distributed schedule that achieves low energy consumption and high reliability efficiency. Our scheduling algorithm is dedicated to multi-bus heterogeneous architectures with multiple processors linked by several shared buses, which take as input a given system description and a given fault hypothesis. It is based on active redundancy to mask a fixed number L of processor failures supported in the system, and passive redundancy based on variable data fragmentation to tolerate N buses failures. In order to maximize the systems reliability, the replicas of each operation are scheduled on different reliable processors and the size of each fragmented data depends on GSFR and the bus failure rates. Finally, we show with an example that our approach can maximize reliability and reduce energy consumption when using active redundancy.

International audience; La mauvaise qualité d'un produit alimentaire peut avoir de plus ou moins grandes conséquences, allant de la simple altération du produit, lui faisant perdre ses qualités organoleptiques ou sa valeur commerciale, à des toxi-infections dangereuses pour la santé humaine. Les préoccupations essentielles ciblent la santé du consommateur et impliquent la nécessité de garantir en permanence la qualité et la salubrité du produit au moment de sa consommation. C'est dans ce contexte que nous proposons dans un premier temps une démarche basée sur les principes de la méthode HACCP, qui porte sur l'élaboration et la mise en place d'un système mettant l'accent sur la maîtrise des procédés le plus en amont possible dans toutes les étapes de la chaîne alimentaire; basé essentiellement sur l'identification, le contrôle et la surveillance des points critiques. Ce système est illustré par un cas d'étude concret, réalisé au sein de la laiterie Aurès Batna, Algérie, ligne de fabrication du yaourt étuvé conditionné en pots thermoformés de 125gr. Devant la nécessité de démontrer son aptitude à fournir régulièrement un produit conforme aux exigences des clients et aux exigences légales et réglementaires applicables, l'entreprise ‘Laiterie Aurès' s'est engagée dans une démarche de certification selon la norme « ISO 9001 ». Cependant, cette norme (ISO 9001) de management de la qualité ne traite pas spécifiquement la sécurité des aliments. C'est pourquoi, pour démontrer son aptitude à fournir aux consommateurs des produits sûrs, l'entreprise se trouve confronté à une autre exigence normative complémentaire « certification ISO 22000 ». C'est dans ce contexte que nous proposons un système de management plus global, basé sur la combinaison des prescriptions de l'ISO 9001 et les principes du système HACCP, et éviter ainsi à l'entreprise toutes les charges émanant d'une autre certification.

ان مسألة حالة التدهور و الاختلال الموجود داخل التجمعات السكانية و تقييم درجة هذا التدهور البليغ على مستوى الاطار المبني و التجمعات الخارجية داخل التجمعات السكانية لدى معظم مدن الصحراء حيث انه لم يفي بالاهتمام و الدراسة المطلوبة رغم ان هذا النوع من السكن يشكل غالبية المشهد الحضري .يطرح هذا البحث إلى إلقاء الضوء من خلال حي من التجمعات السكنية يقع داخل المنطقة السكنية الحضارية الجديدة في مدينة بسكرةZHUN.الهدف هو دراسة طبيعة العلاقات الاجتماعية في هذا الحي وقياس درجة الغفلية و عدم التعارف وأشكال التضامن الموجود بين قاطني هذا الحي .للإجابة على أسئلتنا أجري استبيانا على عينة من 250 ساكنا., La question des formes de dysfonctionnement et de malaises dans les ensembles d’habitat collectif et l’évaluation de leur intensité demeurent encore insuffisamment explorées, particulièrement dans les villes sahariennes alors que ce type d’habitat tend à devenir une forme importante du paysage urbain. Cette recherche se propose d’apporter un éclairage à travers le cas d’une cité d’habitat collectif située dans une Z.H.U.N à Biskra. L’objectif étant d’interroger la nature des relations sociales dans cette cité et de mesurer le degré d’anonymat et les formes de solidarité qui lient entre eux les habitants. Afin de répondre à notre questionnement, une enquête par questionnaire a été conduite auprès d’un échantillon de 250 habitants.

National audience

We consider a nonlocal reaction-diffusion equation with mass con- servation, which was originally proposed by Rubinstein and Sternberg as a model for phase separation in a binary mixture. We study the large time behavior of the solution and show that it converges to a stationary solution as t tends to infinity. We also evaluate the rate of convergence. In some special case, we show that the limit solution is constant.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compute flow effects of the transition from adherence-to-slip in two-dimensional flows, for a polymer melt obeying a memory-integral viscoelastic equation, in isothermal and non-isothermal cases. Design/methodology/approach – Temperature dependence is expressed by Arrhenius and William-Landel-Ferry models. A coupling approach is defined. For the dynamic equations, the Stream-Tube Method (STM) is used with finite differences in a mapped rectangular domain of the real domain, where streamlines are parallel and straight. STM avoids particle-tracking problems and allows simple formulae to evaluate stresses resulting from the constitutive equation. For the temperature field, a finite-element method is carried out to solve the energy equation in the real domain. Findings – The approach avoids numerical problems arising with classical formulations and proves to be robust and efficient. Large elasticity levels are attained without convergence and refinement difficulties that may arise close to the “stick-slip” transition section. The method highlights the role of temperature conditions and reveals interesting differences for the ducts considered. Practical implications – The results of the study are of interest for polymer processing where slip at the wall can be encountered, in relation with the physical properties of the materials. Originality/value – The paper presents a simple approach that limits considerably numerical problems coming from stick-slip boundary conditions and avoids particle-tracking. Results are obtained at flow rates encountered in industrial conditions.

International audience; Zinc (II) was immobilised directly onto clay, maghnite (M13), and after their amine functionalisation with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES). The APTES-functionalised maghnite (MS) showed higher zinc loading than only maghnite, indicating that the clay functionalisation enhanced the Zn(II) removal. The hydrophilic properties of the clay surface have been modified, but not turned into hydrophobic ones. The graft has indeed a polar amine group and the chain length is too short to present an important hydrophobic character. X-ray diffraction indicated that their original structure had been preserved. This new hybrid organic–inorganic material may be a good alternative for separation and pre-concentration of heavy metal ions. Both adsorbents were characterised by FTIR, XRD, TG and SEM. Both adsorbents showed maximum adsorption of the metal ions at pH 6.1 for Mag and pH 9 for MS. The adsorption processes followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The Langmuir model best fits the adsorption data.

International audience; – This paper deals with a new smart algorithm allowing open-circuit and reversed polarity faults prognosis in photovoltaic generators. Its contribution lies on the optimization of support vector regression (SVR) technique by a k-NN regression tool (k-NNR) for undetermined outputs. To testing the performance of the proposed algorithm, we used a significant data base containing the generator functioning history, and as indicators we selected variance, standard deviation, Confidence interval, absolute and relative errors. Nomenclature PV Photovoltaic SVM Support Vector Machines SVR Support Vector Regression k-NNR k-Nearest Neighbor Regression X SVR input vector Y SVR output vector f Linear function Ф Nonlinear mapping function w Weight vector e Squared loss function x Problem variable x * New problem variable α Lagrange multipliers N Number of classes m Number of index of minimum distances I / V Current / Voltage IPH Photocurrent

International audience; Enterococcus hirae is a zoonotic pathogen rarely isolated from human infections. This case is the first description of E. hirae causing urinary tract infection in a diabetic man with benign prostatic hyperplasia from Algeria. The clinical isolate was identified by MALDI-TOF MS and displayed a multisensitivity antibiotic profile.

National audience; Le puceron brun Pterochloroides persicae a été observé pour la premi ère fois sur pêcher (Prunus persica) en Alg érie (localit és de Batna et Arris ; Nord-est alg érien) en septembre 2013. Au cours du mois de d écembre de la même ann ée, d’autres colonies se sont installéees sur Prunus armeniaca, Salix pedicellata et Salix babylonica. Sur le même arbre et durant la journ ée, les colonies se d éplacent continuellement à la recherche des endroits les moins expos és au soleil.