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159 results on '"University of Rochester [USA]"'

1. Validation of ray-based cross-beam energy transfer models

Author

R. K. Follett, A. Colaïtis, D. Turnbull, D. H. Froula, J. P. Palastro, Laboratory for lasers energetics - LLE (New-York, USA), University of Rochester [USA], Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract

International audience; Ray-based cross-beam energy transfer (CBET) models have become a common feature of the radiation-hydrodynamic codes used to simulate inertial confinement fusion experiments. These models are necessary for achieving better agreement with experimental measurements, but their detailed implementation can vary widely between the codes and often rely on artificial multipliers. To address this, a series of 2D and 3D test cases has been developed with validated solutions from wave-based calculations. Comparisons of various ray-based CBET models to the wave-based calculations highlight the essential physics that is required for accurate ray-based CBET modeling. Quantitative comparison metrics and/or field data from the wave-based calculations have been made available for use in the validation of other ray-based CBET codes.

Published
2022
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2. Intervalley electron-hole exchange interaction and impurity-assisted recombination of indirect excitons in WS 2 and WSe 2 monolayers

Author

Li, Pengke, Robert, Cedric, van Tuan, Dinh, Ren, Lei, Yang, Min, Marie, Xavier, Dery, Hanan, Department of Electrical Engineering [Rochester], University of Rochester [USA], Laboratoire de physique et chimie des nano-objets (LPCNO), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Fédération de recherche « Matière et interactions » (FeRMI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Department of Physics and Astronomy [Rochester]

Subjects
Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter::Other, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect
Abstract

International audience; The variety of excitonic states in tungsten-based dichalcogenide monolayers stems from unique interplay between the spin and valley degrees of freedom. One of the exciton species is the indirect exciton (momentum or valley dark), which is responsible to a series of resonances when the monolayer is charge neutral. We investigate the short-range electron-hole exchange interaction of the indirect exciton, as well as its recombination mechanism mediated by impurities. The analysis provides thorough understanding of the energy and polarization of the zero-phonon indirect exciton resonance in the emission spectrum.

Published
2022
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3. Relaxation and darkening of excitonic complexes in electrostatically doped monolayer WSe 2 : Roles of exciton-electron and trion-electron interactions

Author

Yang, Min, Ren, Lei, Robert, Cedric, van Tuan, Dinh, Lombez, Laurent, Urbaszek, Bernhard, Marie, Xavier, Dery, Hanan, Department of Electrical Engineering [Rochester], University of Rochester [USA], Laboratoire de physique et chimie des nano-objets (LPCNO), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Fédération de recherche « Matière et interactions » (FeRMI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Department of Physics and Astronomy [Rochester]

Subjects
[PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2022
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4. Wavefront tolerances of space-based segmented telescopes at very high contrast: Experimental validation

Author

Scott D. Will, Laurent Pueyo, Iva Laginja, Laurent M. Mugnier, James Noss, Peter Petrone, Rémi Soummer, Emiel H. Por, Jean-François Sauvage, Keira Brooks, Marshall D. Perrin, DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Space Telescope Science Institute (STSci), University of Rochester [USA], Hexagon Federal, This work was supported by the Action Spécifique Haute Résolution Angulaire (ASHRA) of CNRS/INSU co-funded by CNES. This work was also supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant 80NSSC19K0120 issued through the Strategic Astrophysics Technology/Technology Demonstration for Exoplanet Missions Program (SAT-TDEM, PI: R. Soummer). E. H. P is supported by the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant #HST-HF2-51467.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555., and ANR-18-CE31-0018,WOLF,Analyseurs de surface d'onde à filtrage de Fourier pour les optiques adaptatives des télescopes géants(2018)

Subjects
planets and satellites: detection, Segmented mirror, Aperture, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Astrophysics, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, law, instrumentation: high angular resolution, Adaptive optics, Coronagraph, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, Wavefront, methods: statistical, business.industry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, techniques: high angular resolution, Astronomy and Astrophysics, telescopes, Cophasing, Space and Planetary Science, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

Context: The detection and characterization of Earth-like exoplanets (exoEarths) from space requires exquisite wavefront stability at contrast levels of $10^{-10}$. On segmented telescopes in particular, aberrations induced by cophasing errors lead to a light leakage through the coronagraph, deteriorating the imaging performance. These need to be limited in order to facilitate the direct imaging of exoEarths. Aims: We perform a laboratory validation of an analytical tolerancing model that allows us to determine wavefront error requirements in the $10^{-6} - 10^{-8}$ contrast regime, for a segmented pupil with a classical Lyot coronagraph. We intend to compare the results to simulations, and we aim to establish an error budget for the segmented mirror on the High-contrast imager for Complex Aperture Telescopes (HiCAT) testbed. Methods: We use the Pair-based Analytical model for Segmented Telescope Imaging from Space (PASTIS) to measure a contrast influence matrix of a real high contrast instrument, and use an analytical model inversion to calculate per-segment wavefront error tolerances. We validate these tolerances on the HiCAT testbed by measuring the contrast response of segmented mirror states that follow these requirements. Results: The experimentally measured optical influence matrix is successfully measured on the HiCAT testbed, and we derive individual segment tolerances from it that correctly yield the targeted contrast levels. Further, the analytical expressions that predict a contrast mean and variance from a given segment covariance matrix are confirmed experimentally., Comment: 16 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2022
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5. The geometric phase made simple

Author

Miguel A. Alonso, Mark R. Dennis, University of Rochester [USA], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Centrale de Marseille (ECM), MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Birmingham [Birmingham]

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Aerospace Engineering
Abstract

International audience; We give a simple description of the Pancharatnam-Berry geometric phase and some of its applications in optics. Geometric phases are a universal phenomenon, but we focus here on the case of geometric phases caused by changes in polarization. The geometric origin of this phase is explained by analogy with the motion of an imaginary creature living on a small planet, inspired by Saint-Exupéry’s “The Little Prince”.

Published
2022
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6. Spin/valley pumping of resident electrons in WSe2 and WS2 monolayers

Author

Hanan Dery, Thierry Amand, Lei Ren, Takashi Taniguchi, Daniel Paget, Xavier Marie, Fausto Sirotti, Dinh Van Tuan, Bernhard Urbaszek, Alistair Rowe, Sangjun Park, Min Yang, Kenji Watanabe, Laurent Lombez, Hans Tornatzky, Fabian Cadiz, Cedric Robert, Laboratoire de physique et chimie des nano-objets (LPCNO), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Fédération de recherche « Matière et interactions » (FeRMI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique de la Matière Condensée (PMC), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester [USA], International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Department of Physics, ANR-18-CE24-0011,SpinCat,Cathodoluminescence résolue en spin dans des matériaux 2D et des héterostructures de van der Waals(2018), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)

Subjects
Photoluminescence, Materials science, Science, Physics::Optics, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Optical pumping, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010306 general physics, Spin (physics), Circular polarization, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Multidisciplinary, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Trion, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, Excitation
Abstract

Monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides are ideal materials to control both spin and valley degrees of freedom either electrically or optically. Nevertheless, optical excitation mostly generates excitons species with inherently short lifetime and spin/valley relaxation time. Here we demonstrate a very efficient spin/valley optical pumping of resident electrons in n-doped WSe2 and WS2 monolayers. We observe that, using a continuous wave laser and appropriate doping and excitation densities, negative trion doublet lines exhibit circular polarization of opposite sign and the photoluminescence intensity of the triplet trion is more than four times larger with circular excitation than with linear excitation. We interpret our results as a consequence of a large dynamic polarization of resident electrons using circular light. Optical excitation of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers mostly generates excitons species with inherently short lifetime and spin/valley relaxation time. Here, the authors demonstrate efficient spin/valley optical pumping of resident electrons in n-doped WSe2 and WS2 monolayers.

Published
2021
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7. Energetics of a Single Qubit Gate

Author

J. Stevens, D. Szombati, M. Maffei, C. Elouard, R. Assouly, N. Cottet, R. Dassonneville, Q. Ficheux, S. Zeppetzauer, A. Bienfait, A. N. Jordan, A. Auffèves, B. Huard, Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), QUANTum Information Circuits (QUANTIC), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Institute for Quantum Studies, Chapman University, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Rochester], University of Rochester [USA], This research was supported by grant number FQXi-IAF19-05 from the Foundational Questions Institute Fund, a donor advised fund of Silicon Valley Community Foundation, the Templeton World Charity Foundation, Inc (Grant No. TWCF0338), the ANR Research Collaborative Project 'Qu-DICE' (ANR-PRC-CES47) and the John Templeton Foundation grant no. 61835., École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and ANR-18-CE47-0009,Qu-DICE,thermoDynamique en Electrodynamique Quantique en Cavité(2018)

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Computer Science::Emerging Technologies, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract

International audience; Qubits are physical, a quantum gate thus not only acts on the information carried by the qubit but also on its energy. What is then the corresponding flow of energy between the qubit and the controller that implements the gate? Here we exploit a superconducting platform to answer this question in the case of a quantum gate realized by a resonant drive field. During the gate, the superconducting qubit becomes entangled with the microwave drive pulse so that there is a quantum superposition between energy flows. We measure the energy change in the drive field conditioned on the outcome of a projective qubit measurement. We demonstrate that the drive's energy change associated with the measurement backaction can exceed by far the energy that can be extracted by the qubit. This can be understood by considering the qubit as a weak measurement apparatus of the driving field.

Published
2021
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8. Super-resolution imaging with simultaneous 3D spatial localization and 3D orientation behavior characterization for single emitters

Author

Brasselet, Sophie, Alonso, Miguel A., Curcio, Valentina, Alemán Castañeda, Luis, Brown, Thomas G., Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), University of Rochester [USA], and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

9. Reverberant Elastography for the Elastic Characterization of Anisotropic Tissues

Author

Fernando Zvietcovich, Kevin J. Parker, Luis A. Alemán-Castañeda, MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), University of Rochester [USA], and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, Acoustics, Physics::Medical Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Shear modulus, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, medicine, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO), Anisotropy, Physics, medicine.diagnostic_test, Isotropy, Quantitative Biology - Tissues and Organs, Optical polarization, Physics - Medical Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Finite element method, Characterization (materials science), Transverse plane, [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, FOS: Biological sciences, Medical Physics (physics.med-ph), Elastography
Abstract

We derive closed-form solutions for reverberant elastography in anisotropic elastic media by adapting the framework used in electromagnetic theory to treat transverse isotropic materials. Different sample-setup geometries are analyzed, highlighting their relevance for both optical coherence elastography (OCE) and ultrasound elastography (USE). Numerical simulations using finite elements are used to validate the proposed solutions in practical cases. OCE experiments are conducted in ex vivo chicken muscle samples for the characterization of in-plane and out-of-plane shear modulus assuming a transverse isotropic elastic model. Additionally, we obtained a generalized geometry-independent solution for the isotropic media case, thus unifying previous results for reverberant elastography., Comment: 12 pages, 14 figures

Published
2021
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10. CNGB1 ‐related rod‐cone dystrophy: A mutation review and update

Author

Brooke Saffren, Bernd Wissinger, Eberhart Zrenner, Fadi Nasser, José-Alain Sahel, Christel Condroyer, Claire Marie Dhaenens, Stephen H. Tsang, Vivienne C. Greenstein, Rola Ba-Abbad, Isabelle Audo, Melanie Kempf, Susanne Kohl, Omar A. Mahroo, Cyntia Solis Hernandez, Andrew R. Webster, Nan-Kai Wang, Janet R. Sparrow, Saddek Mohand-Said, Vasily M. Smirnov, Simon M. Petersen-Jones, Sabine Defoort-Dhellemmes, Alex V. Levin, Laura Kühlewein, Sara D. Ragi, William W. Hauswirth, Jenina E. Capasso, Marco Nassisi, Michel Michaelides, Christina Zeitz, Stylianos Michalakis, Simona Degli Esposti, Aline Antonio, Institut de la Vision, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts (CHNO), University of Milan, CHU Lille, University of Tübingen, Columbia University [New York], Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), University College of London [London] (UCL), University of Rochester [USA], University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Lille Neurosciences & Cognition - U 1172 (LilNCog (ex-JPARC)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), University of Pittsburgh (PITT), Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild [Paris], Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Lille Neurosciences & Cognition - U 1172 (LilNCog), and Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université

Subjects
CNGB1, medicine.medical_specialty, rod‐cone dystrophy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], DNA Mutational Analysis, cyclic nucleotide‐gated channel, Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels, Genomics, Biology, genotype-phenotype correlation, medicine.disease_cause, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, cyclic nucleotide-gated channel, retinitis pigmentosa, Retinitis pigmentosa, Genetics, medicine, Rod-cone dystrophy, Missense mutation, Humans, Genetics (clinical), genotype‐phenotype correlation, Genetic Association Studies, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Mutation, Mutation Update, 030305 genetics & heredity, Dystrophy, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], inherited retinal disease, RNA splicing, Medical genetics, rod-cone dystrophy, Cone-Rod Dystrophies
Abstract

International audience; Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel β1 (CNGB1) encodes the 240-kDa β subunit of the rod photoreceptor cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel. Disease-causing sequence variants in CNGB1 lead to autosomal recessive rod-cone dystrophy/retinitis pigmentosa (RP). We herein present a comprehensive review and analysis of all previously reported CNGB1 sequence variants, and add 22 novel variants, thereby enlarging the spectrum to 84 variants in total, including 24 missense variants (two of which may also affect splicing), 21 nonsense, 19 splicing defects (7 at noncanonical positions), 10 small deletions, 1 small insertion, 1 small insertion-deletion, 7 small duplications, and 1 gross deletion. According to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics classification criteria, 59 variants were considered pathogenic or likely pathogenic and 25 were variants of uncertain significance. In addition, we provide further phenotypic data from 34 CNGB1-related RP cases, which, overall, are in line with previous findings suggesting that this form of RP has long-term retention of useful central vision despite the early onset of night blindness, which is valuable for patient counseling, but also has implications for it being considered a priority target for gene therapy trials.

Published
2021
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11. Ethical implications of AI in robotic surgical training: A Delphi consensus statement

Author

Justin W. Collins, Ben Andrews, Mark Slack, Arvind Ramadorai, Gregory D. Hager, Kensaku Mori, Ashwin Sridhar, Daniel A. Hashimoto, Yanick Beaulieu, Jeff Levy, Huzefa Neemuchwala, Pablo Garcia, John D. Kelly, Stamatia Giannarou, Guy Laplante, Pierre Jannin, Hani J. Marcus, Anthony M. Jarc, Alberto Arezzo, Daniel S. Elson, Pietro Valdastri, Tom Kimpe, Luke David Ronald Hares, Ahmed Ghazi, Alina Andrusaite, Lena Maier-Hein, Danail Stoyanov, Keno März, David J. Hawkes, University College of London [London] (UCL), Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image (LTSI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), University of Leeds, The Hamlyn Centre [London], Imperial College London, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Barco, The work was supported by the Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS) UK [203145Z/16/Z], Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) UK [EP/P027938/1, EP/R004080/1, EP/P012841/1], The Royal Academy of Engineering Chair in Emerging Technologies scheme, UK., University of Rochester [USA], Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Nagoya University, Medtronic SNT, Medtronic, Johnson & Johnson Corporation, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Artificial intelligence, Consensus, curriculum development, Delphi Technique, Urology, education, 030232 urology & nephrology, Delphi method, surgical education, Context (language use), Learning algorithms, privacy, [SDV.MHEP.UN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, 03 medical and health sciences, risk prediction, 0302 clinical medicine, Robotic Surgical Procedures, Health care, Data Protection Act 1998, Medicine, Humans, GDPR, Curriculum, computer.programming_language, transparency, Medical education, data protection, training, business.industry, Natural language processing, Reproducibility of Results, Deep learning, narrow AI, Predictive analytics, 3. Good health, predictive analytics, machine learning, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, biases, Computer vision, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Applications of artificial intelligence, business, computer, Delphi
Abstract

International audience; CONTEXT: As the role of AI in healthcare continues to expand there is increasing awareness of the potential pitfalls of AI and the need for guidance to avoid them. OBJECTIVES: To provide ethical guidance on developing narrow AI applications for surgical training curricula. We define standardised approaches to developing AI driven applications in surgical training that address current recognised ethical implications of utilising AI on surgical data. We aim to describe an ethical approach based on the current evidence, understanding of AI and available technologies, by seeking consensus from an expert committee. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: The project was carried out in 3 phases: (1) A steering group was formed to review the literature and summarize current evidence. (2) A larger expert panel convened and discussed the ethical implications of AI application based on the current evidence. A survey was created, with input from panel members. (3) Thirdly, panel-based consensus findings were determined using an online Delphi process to formulate guidance. 30 experts in AI implementation and/or training including clinicians, academics and industry contributed. The Delphi process underwent 3 rounds. Additions to the second and third-round surveys were formulated based on the answers and comments from previous rounds. Consensus opinion was defined as ≥ 80% agreement. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: There was 100% response from all 3 rounds. The resulting formulated guidance showed good internal consistency, with a Cronbach alpha of >0.8. There was 100% consensus that there is currently a lack of guidance on the utilisation of AI in the setting of robotic surgical training. Consensus was reached in multiple areas, including: 1. Data protection and privacy; 2. Reproducibility and transparency; 3. Predictive analytics; 4. Inherent biases; 5. Areas of training most likely to benefit from AI. CONCLUSIONS: Using the Delphi methodology, we achieved international consensus among experts to develop and reach content validation for guidance on ethical implications of AI in surgical training. Providing an ethical foundation for launching narrow AI applications in surgical training. This guidance will require further validation. PATIENT SUMMARY: As the role of AI in healthcare continues to expand there is increasing awareness of the potential pitfalls of AI and the need for guidance to avoid them.In this paper we provide guidance on ethical implications of AI in surgical training.

Published
2021
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12. Analytic treatment of nonparaxial full-Poincaré fields: singularity structure and trapping properties

Author

Rodrigo Gutiérrez Cuevas, Miguel A. Alonso, University of Rochester [USA], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), École Centrale de Marseille (ECM), MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Structure (category theory), Trapping, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, 010309 optics, symbols.namesake, Singularity, Optics, Classical mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, Poincaré conjecture, symbols, 010306 general physics, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

An analytic extension to the nonparaxial regime of the full-Poincaré (FP) beams is presented. Instead of the stereographic mapping used in the paraxial case, these FP fields are defined in terms of a mapping from the polarization Poincaré sphere onto the sphere of plane-wave directions. It is shown that multipolar fields with complex arguments can be used to implement this mapping and provide closed-form expressions. The three-dimensional polarization singularities of the resulting fields are studied with the help of auxiliary fields presenting vortices at points where the polarization is circular or linear. Finally, the Mie scattering and trapping properties of the FP fields are studied, both of which are greatly simplified by the choice of fields.

Published
2021
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13. Measurement of Conduction and Valence Bands g -Factors in a Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayer

Author

Mingming Yang, B. Urbaszek, T. Taniguchi, Thierry Amand, Hanan Dery, Xavier Marie, Lei Ren, D. van Tuan, D. Lagarde, Cedric Robert, Kenji Watanabe, E. Courtade, Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales (CEMES), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Electrical Engineering [Rochester], University of Rochester [USA], Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Laboratoire de physique et chimie des nano-objets (LPCNO), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Fédération de recherche « Matière et interactions » (FeRMI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute for Materials Science, and ANR-17-CE24-0001,VallEx,Ingénierie des propriétés excitoniques, de spin et de vallée dans les hétérostructures de van der Waals(2017)

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Zeeman effect, Materials science, Valence (chemistry), Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Phonon, Exciton, General Physics and Astronomy, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, Monolayer, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), symbols, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], 010306 general physics, Electronic band structure, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Spin-½
Abstract

The electron valley and spin degree of freedom in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides can be manipulated in optical and transport measurements performed in magnetic fields. The key parameter for determining the Zeeman splitting, namely, the separate contribution of the electron and hole g factor, is inaccessible in most measurements. Here we present an original method that gives access to the respective contribution of the conduction and valence band to the measured Zeeman splitting. It exploits the optical selection rules of exciton complexes, in particular the ones involving intervalley phonons, avoiding strong renormalization effects that compromise single particle g-factor determination in transport experiments. These studies yield a direct determination of single band g factors. We measure g_{c1}=0.86±0.1, g_{c2}=3.84±0.1 for the bottom (top) conduction bands and g_{v}=6.1±0.1 for the valence band of monolayer WSe_{2}. These measurements are helpful for quantitative interpretation of optical and transport measurements performed in magnetic fields. In addition, the measured g factors are valuable input parameters for optimizing band structure calculations of these 2D materials.

Published
2021
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14. Neurophysiological indices of audiovisual speech integration are enhanced at the phonetic level for speech in noise

Author

Aisling E. O’Sullivan, Giovanni M. Di Liberto, Edmund C. Lalor, Michael J. Crosse, Alain de Cheveigné, Trinity College Dublin, Albert Einstein College of Medicine [New York], Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université Marien Ngouabi, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and University of Rochester [USA]

Subjects
0303 health sciences, Computer science, Speech recognition, media_common.quotation_subject, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Multisensory integration, Speech comprehension, Auditory cortex, 03 medical and health sciences, Noise, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 0302 clinical medicine, QUIET, Perception, Spectrogram, Active listening, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology, media_common
Abstract

Seeing a speaker’s face benefits speech comprehension, especially in challenging listening conditions. This perceptual benefit is thought to stem from the neural integration of visual and auditory speech at multiple stages of processing, whereby movement of a speaker’s face provides temporal cues to auditory cortex, and articulatory information from the speaker’s mouth can aid recognizing specific linguistic units (e.g., phonemes, syllables). However it remains unclear how the integration of these cues varies as a function of listening conditions. Here we sought to provide insight on these questions by examining EEG responses to natural audiovisual, audio, and visual speech in quiet and in noise. Specifically, we represented our speech stimuli in terms of their spectrograms and their phonetic features, and then quantified the strength of the encoding of those features in the EEG using canonical correlation analysis. The encoding of both spectrotemporal and phonetic features was shown to be more robust in audiovisual speech responses then what would have been expected from the summation of the audio and visual speech responses, consistent with the literature on multisensory integration. Furthermore, the strength of this multisensory enhancement was more pronounced at the level of phonetic processing for speech in noise relative to speech in quiet, indicating that listeners rely more on articulatory details from visual speech in challenging listening conditions. These findings support the notion that the integration of audio and visual speech is a flexible, multistage process that adapts to optimize comprehension based on the current listening conditions.Significance StatementDuring conversation, visual cues impact our perception of speech. Integration of auditory and visual speech is thought to occur at multiple stages of speech processing and vary flexibly depending on the listening conditions. Here we examine audiovisual integration at two stages of speech processing using the speech spectrogram and a phonetic representation, and test how audiovisual integration adapts to degraded listening conditions. We find significant integration at both of these stages regardless of listening conditions, and when the speech is noisy, we find enhanced integration at the phonetic stage of processing. These findings provide support for the multistage integration framework and demonstrate its flexibility in terms of a greater reliance on visual articulatory information in challenging listening conditions.

Published
2021

15. Round-robin measurements of the laser-induced damage threshold with sub-picosecond pulses on optical single layers

Author

Brittany N. Hoffman, Laurent Lamaignère, Marine Chorel, Andrius Melninkaitis, Nadja Roquin, Alexandre Ollé, Stavros G. Demos, James B. Oliver, Laurent Gallais, Raluca A. Negres, A. A. Kozlov, Centre d'études scientifiques et techniques d'Aquitaine (CESTA), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory for lasers energetics - LLE (New-York, USA), University of Rochester [USA], Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Vilnius University [Vilnius], Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA-CESTA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, business.industry, Optical engineering, Homogeneity (statistics), General Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Fluence, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, 010309 optics, Wavelength, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, Beam propagation method, law, Picosecond, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Range (statistics), business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; The standardization and comparison of laser-damage protocols and results are essential prerequisites for development and quality control of large optical components used in high-power laser facilities. To this end, the laser-induced–damage thresholds of two different coatings were measured in a round-robin experiment involving five well-equipped damage testing facilities. Investigations were conducted at the wavelength of 1 μm in the sub picosecond pulse duration range with different configurations in terms of polarization, angle of incidence, and environment (air versus vacuum). In this temporal regime, the damage threshold is known to be deterministic, i.e., the continuous probability distribution transitions from 0 to 1 over a very narrow fluence range. This in turn implies that the damage threshold can be measured very precisely. These characteristics enable direct comparison of damage-threshold measurements between different facilities, with the difference in the measured values indicating systematic errors or other parameters that were not previously appreciated. The results of this work illustrate the challenges associated with accurately determining the damage threshold in the short-pulse regime. Specifically, the results of this round-robin damage-testing effort exhibited significant differences between facilities. The factors to be taken into account when comparing the results obtained with different test facilities are discussed: temporal and spatial profiles, environment, damage detection, sample homogeneity, and nonlinear beam propagation.

Published
2021
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16. Large-scale Augmented Granger Causality (lsAGC) for Connectivity Analysis in Complex Systems: From Computer Simulations to Functional MRI (fMRI)

Author

Wismuller, Axel, Vosoughi, M. Ali, Vosoughi, M. Ali, and University of Rochester [USA]

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Image and Video Processing (eess.IV), functional connectivity, autism spectrum disorder, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, [INFO] Computer Science [cs], Machine Learning (cs.LG), machine learning, FOS: Biological sciences, Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC), [INFO]Computer Science [cs], large-scale Augmented Granger Causality, resting-state fMRI
Abstract

We introduce large-scale Augmented Granger Causality (lsAGC) as a method for connectivity analysis in complex systems. The lsAGC algorithm combines dimension reduction with source time-series augmentation and uses predictive time-series modeling for estimating directed causal relationships among time-series. This method is a multivariate approach, since it is capable of identifying the influence of each time-series on any other time-series in the presence of all other time-series of the underlying dynamic system. We quantitatively evaluate the performance of lsAGC on synthetic directional time-series networks with known ground truth. As a reference method, we compare our results with cross-correlation, which is typically used as a standard measure of connectivity in the functional MRI (fMRI) literature. Using extensive simulations for a wide range of time-series lengths and two different signal-to-noise ratios of 5 and 15 dB, lsAGC consistently outperforms cross-correlation at accurately detecting network connections, using Receiver Operator Characteristic Curve (ROC) analysis, across all tested time-series lengths and noise levels. In addition, as an outlook to possible clinical application, we perform a preliminary qualitative analysis of connectivity matrices for fMRI data of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) patients and typical controls, using a subset of 59 subjects of the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange II (ABIDE II) data repository. Our results suggest that lsAGC, by extracting sparse connectivity matrices, may be useful for network analysis in complex systems, and may be applicable to clinical fMRI analysis in future research, such as targeting disease-related classification or regression tasks on clinical data., 15 pages, conference

Published
2021

17. Inverse ray tracing on icosahedral tetrahedron grids for non-linear laser plasma interaction coupled to 3D radiation hydrodynamics

Author

Igor V. Igumenshchev, Arnaud Colaïtis, Valeri Goncharov, J. Mathiaud, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratory for lasers energetics - LLE (New-York, USA), University of Rochester [USA], and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Coupling, Physics, Numerical Analysis, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Applied Mathematics, Implosion, Plasma, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Computer Science Applications, Computational physics, law.invention, Computational Mathematics, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Modeling and Simulation, 0103 physical sciences, Radiative transfer, Ray tracing (graphics), 010306 general physics, Inertial confinement fusion, Laboratory for Laser Energetics
Abstract

International audience; A novel approach to efficiently model 3-D laser plasma interactions at fluid scales is presented. This method, implemented in the IFRIIT propagation code developed at CELIA, relies on inverse ray tracing to compute laser fields at arbitrary locations in a plasma. This enables to describe the fields at high order in space compared to standard forward ray tracing approaches. In addition, inverse ray tracing enables the use of etalon integral methods to reconstruct caustic fields and greatly speeds up calculations of cross-beam energy transfer by decoupling the ray amplitude and ray phase calculations. A comparison of the inverse and forward methods for 3-D calculations of fields in presence or not of cross-beam energy transfer illustrates the significant advantages of the inverse method. Conversely, while the inverse method is well suited to most spherical plasma profiles, it currently cannot treat concave profiles or target holders. The coupling of IFRIIT with the 3-D ASTER radiative hydrodynamics code developped at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics is then presented. ASTER and IFRIIT resolve their respective equations on separate grids which communicate through interpolation. As such, IFRIIT uses a dedicated laser grid adapted to the computations at play, which also allows to use different parallelization methods for both codes: block decomposition for the hydrodynamics versus domain duplication for the laser. Applications to direct-drive implosions for inertial confinement fusion are presented, for which a geodesic icosahedron grid is implemented in IFRIIT. The performances of the ASTER/IFRIIT coupling is demonstrated by conducting simulations of cryogenic implosions performed on the OMEGA laser system, in presence of various sources of 3-D effects; laser port geometry, cross-beam energy transfer, beam imbalance and target mis-alignment. Comparison with neutron data, measured through bang-time, for a cryogenic implosion experiment shows an excellent agreement for the laser-plasma coupling.

Published
2021
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18. Drivers of zirconium isotope fractionation in Zr-bearing phases and melts: The roles of vibrational, nuclear field shift and diffusive effects

Author

Merlin Méheut, Mauricio Ibanez-Mejia, François L. H. Tissot, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Rochester], University of Rochester [USA], Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Fractional crystallization (geology), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Thermodynamic equilibrium, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Silicate, Equilibrium fractionation, Baddeleyite, chemistry.chemical_compound, Isotope fractionation, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, Chemical physics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Isotopes of zirconium, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Zircon
Abstract

Conflicting results exist regarding the mechanisms, direction, and magnitude of Zr isotope fractionation in igneous systems. To better understand the origin of the fractionations observed in magmatic Zr-bearing minerals and bulk rocks, we theoretically investigated the main potential driving processes: thermodynamic equilibrium effects driven by either (i) vibrational energy or (ii) nuclear volume, and (iii) diffusion-driven kinetic effects. Vibrational equilibrium fractionation properties were estimated for zircon (^(VIII)ZrSiO₄), baddeleyite (^(VII)ZrO₂), gittinsite (^(VI)ZrCaSi₂O₇), sabinaite (Na₄^(VIII)Zr₂TiC₄O₁₆), and vlasovite (Na₂^(VI)ZrSi₄O₁₁). These properties show dependency on Zr coordination, as well as the presence of strong covalent bonds (C O, Si O by order of decreasing effect) in the material. More importantly, despite the large variety of structures investigated, the predicted mass-dependent equilibrium fractionations (Δ⁹⁴/⁹⁰Zr ∼±0.05‰ relative to zircon at 800 °C) are systematically one order of magnitude smaller than required to explain the natural variability observed to date in natural settings (δ⁹⁴/⁹⁰Zr from ∼+1 to −5‰). Likewise, careful evaluation of expected nuclear field shift (NFS) effects predict a magnitude of fractionation of ∼0.08‰ (at 800 °C), further supporting the conclusion that equilibrium effects cannot be invoked to explain extreme δ⁹⁴/⁹⁰Zr zircon values. Furthermore, the mass-dependency of all Zr isotope ratios reported in zircon crystals precludes a contribution of NFS effects larger than ∼0.01‰ on δ⁹⁴/⁹⁰Zr. On the other hand, we show that diffusion, and in particular the development of Zr diffusive boundary layers in silicate magmas during fractional crystallization, provides a viable and most likely mechanism to produce permil-level, mass-dependent isotope fractionations similar to those observed in natural systems. We propose testable scenarii to explain the large and contrasting Zr isotopes signatures in different magmatic zircons, which underline the importance of magmatic composition, Zr diffusivity, and crystallization timescales.

Published
2021
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19. Platonic Gaussian beams: wave and ray treatment

Author

Gutiérrez-Cuevas, R., Alonso, Miguel, MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Rochester [USA], and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020
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20. Estimating low-order aberrations through a Lyot coronagraph with a Zernike wavefront sensor for exoplanet imaging

Author

James Noss, Marcel Carbillet, Arthur Vigan, Kjetil Dohlen, Julia Fowler, Emiel H. Por, Iva Laginja, Greg Brady, Raphaël Pourcelot, Matthew Maclay, Jean-François Sauvage, Scott D. Will, Pete Petrone, Mamadou N'Diaye, Marshall D. Perrin, Rémi Soummer, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Space Telescope Science Institute (STSci), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, SigmaSpace Corporation [Lanham, MD], Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, University of Rochester [USA], NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), and Universiteit Leiden

Subjects
Zernike polynomials, FOS: Physical sciences, ZWFS - Zernike wavefront sensor, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Telescope, Primary mirror, symbols.namesake, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Coronagraph, Wavefront, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], business.industry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Wavefront sensor, Low-order wavefront sensor, Exoplanet, Starlight, High-contrast imaging, 13. Climate action, symbols, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Coronagraphy
Abstract

Imaging exo-Earths is an exciting but challenging task because of the 10^-10 contrast ratio between these planets and their host star at separations narrower than 100 mas. Large segmented aperture space telescopes enable the sensitivity needed to observe a large number of planets. Combined with coronagraphs with wavefront control, they present a promising avenue to generate a high-contrast region in the image of an observed star. Another key aspect is the required stability in telescope pointing, focusing, and co-phasing of the segments of the telescope primary mirror for long-exposure observations of rocky planets for several hours to a few days. These wavefront errors should be stable down to a few tens of picometers RMS, requiring a permanent active correction of these errors during the observing sequence. To calibrate these pointing errors and other critical low-order aberrations, we propose a wavefront sensing path based on Zernike phase-contrast methods to analyze the starlight that is filtered out by the coronagraph at the telescope focus. In this work we present the analytical retrieval of the incoming low order aberrations in the starlight beam that is filtered out by an Apodized Pupil Lyot Coronagraph, one of the leading coronagraph types for starlight suppression. We implement this approach numerically for the active control of these aberrations and present an application with our first experimental results on the High-contrast imager for Complex Aperture Telescopes (HiCAT) testbed, the STScI testbed for Earth-twin observations with future large space observatories, such as LUVOIR and HabEx, two NASA flagship mission concepts., Comment: Presented at SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation 2020

Published
2020
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21. Implementation of a dark hole maintenance algorithm for speckle drift in a high contrast space coronagraph

Author

Susan M. Redmond, Julia Fowler, Laurent Pueyo, N. Jeremy Kasdin, Marshall D. Perrin, Iva Laginja, Matthew Maclay, Rémi Soummer, Leonid Pogorelyuk, James Noss, Scott D. Will, Princeton University, University of San Francisco (USF), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Space Telescope Science Institute (STSci), DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Rochester [USA], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), and University of California

Subjects
Photon, Aperture, Wavefronts, Detection and tracking algorithms, Deformable mirrors, Planets, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Space telescopes, Deformable mirror, law.invention, 010309 optics, Extended Kalman filter, Speckle pattern, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Speckle, law, 0103 physical sciences, Dither, Coronagraph, Wavefront, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Photons, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Remote sensing, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0210 nano-technology, Algorithm, Adaptive optics, Coronagraphy
Abstract

International audience; Due to the limited number of photons, directly imaging planets requires long integration times. The wavefront must be stable on the same time scale which is often difficult in space due to thermal variations and vibrations. In this paper, we discuss the results of implementing a dark hole maintenance (DHM) algorithm (Pogorelyuk et. al. 2019)1 on the High-contrast imager for Complex Aperture Telescopes (HiCAT) at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). The testbed contains a pair of deformable mirrors (DMs) and a lyot coronagraph. The algorithm uses an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and DM dithering to predict the drifting electric field in the dark hole along with Electric Field Conjugation to cancel out the drift. The DM dither introduces phase diversity which ensures the EKF converges to the correct value. The DHM algorithm maintains an initial contrast of 8.5 x 10-8 for 6 hrs in the presence of the DM actuator random walk drift with a standard deviation of 1:7 x 10-3 nm/s..

Published
2020
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22. Geochemical and textural investigations of the Eoarchean Ukaliq supracrustals, Northern Québec (Canada)

Author

Wriju Chowdhury, Elizabeth A. Bell, Dustin Trail, Stephen J. Mojzsis, Jacob Buettner, Martin Guitreau, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Rochester], University of Rochester [USA], Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, UCB 399, 2200 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80309-0399, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), ANR-10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)

Subjects
Zircon, U-Pb geochronology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Hadean, Geochemistry, Metamorphism, Silicon isotopes, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, U-Pb geochronology and Lu-Hf isotopes, Inukjuak domain, Ukaliq Supracrustal Belt, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Hf isotopes, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, thin section images, Geology, Lusingle bond, Geochronology, engineering, Eoarchean, Mafic, Protolith, Biotite, Gneiss
Abstract

co-auteur étranger; International audience; Structural, geochronological and geochemical studies of pre-3.75 Ga rocks of volcano-sedimentary protoliths in the Inukjuak domain in the Superior Province in Québec have been mostly focused on the Nuvvuagittuq Supracrustal Belt (NSB). The Porpoise Cove outcrops – at the southwestern limit of the NSB – are the de-facto “type locality” for the supracrustals of the Inukjuak Complex. Yet, it remains unclear whether the NSB rocks are geochemically distinct from, or are in fact common to, a host of other supracrustal enclaves locked in the dominantly gneissic Inukjuak domain. Here, we report detailed textural and geochemical studies for a suite of rocks from the Ukaliq Supracrustal Belt (USB), located approximately 3 km northeast of the NSB. We find that the USB and NSB have a similar protracted metamorphic history; both experienced amphibolite grade metamorphism and contain granitoid gneiss sheets, quartz-magnetite rocks (banded iron-formation s.l.) and quartz-biotite schists within amphibolitized rocks of basaltic affinity with local retrogressions. If the various Inukjuak supracrustal belts were once a part of a larger coherent (now dismembered) terrane, they should show similar emplacement ages and source chemistry. New zircon Usingle bondPb geochronology from five gneissic units and two quartz-biotite (metasedimentary) schists reveal the oldest emplacement ages across all units of each individual rock type to be 3.68 ± 0.07 Ga (granitoid gneisses) and 3.65 ± 0.06 Ga (quartz-biotite schists). These new ages are similar to those documented as likely minimum emplacement ages of the NSB determined by Usingle bondPb geochronology. Zircons from the quartz-biotite schist were also analyzed by ion microprobe for their Usingle bondPb geochronology and were found to yield statistically identical, albeit more precise, ages than those obtained by LA-ICP-MS. Possible detrital zircons from the USB quartz-biotite schists were analyzed by ion microprobe for their coupled δ30SiNBS28 and δ18OVSMOW values with respective values between −0.75 and − 0.07‰ (δ30SiNBS28), and + 5.61 and + 6.59‰ (δ18OVSMOW). The δ18OVSMOW values, which are on average above mantle-derived zircon, indicate contribution of altered, non-mantle, derived material into the source of the rocks that weathered to form the quartz-biotite schists. Zircon mineral inclusions (quartz, feldspar, apatite, biotite, muscovite and other unrecognized Fe/Al/Si rich phases), along with the major- and trace element contents for the rocks were analyzed to substantiate this interpretation. Together with δ30SiNBS28, δ18OVSMOW, our results suggest that lithologies like authigenic silica and serpentinized rocks re-melted to form the parent melts that gave rise to zircons found in the USB quartz-biotite schists. Additional Lusingle bondHf studies reported here on the same zircons also show similarities with NSB zircons. The εHf values showed a positive correlation with the measured Usingle bondPb age from −22.7 ± 0.8 to +1.9 ± 1.1. The Lusingle bondHf system also reveals that the USB, extracted at ca. 3.8 Ga, carries isotopic signatures of an older Hadean reservoir, having been formed from an Eoarchean mafic melt that incorporated them. Taken together, this supports a co-genetic origin for the NSB and the USB.

Published
2020
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23. Thermodynamics of optical Bloch equations

Author

Alexia Auffèves, Massimiliano Esposito, David A. Herrera-Martí, Cyril Elouard, University of Rochester [USA], University of Luxembourg [Luxembourg], Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Physics, Quantum optics, Quantum Physics, Rabi cycle, Physics [G04] [Physical, chemical, mathematical & earth Sciences], FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Quantum technology, Quantum gate, Physique [G04] [Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre], [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Qubit, 0103 physical sciences, Master equation, Statistical physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 010306 general physics, Quantum thermodynamics, Quantum, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Optical Bloch Equations (OBE) describe the coherent exchange of energy between a quantum bit (qubit) and a quasi-resonant driving field in the presence of a thermal bath. Despite it being an ubiquitous process in quantum technologies, a sound thermodynamic analysis is still missing. We hereby provide such an analysis, by deriving the relevant framework from first principles. Building on a microscopic model of the bath, we first express heat, work and entropy production for the closed qubit-bath system where these definitions are unambiguous. We coarse-grain the obtained expressions, using a methodology similar to the derivation of the dynamical master equation and giving rise to consistent expressions of the First and Second Law. We verify that long coarse graining times yield the Floquet Master Equation and its already known thermodynamic description. Conversely, short coarse-graining times yield the OBE and its consistent thermodynamic framework, whose variables explicitly depend on the quantum coherences in the qubit's energy basis. These quantum signatures in the heat and in the entropy production flows allow us to characterize a genuinely quantum non-equilibrium situation, where the coherences created by the driving field are continuously erased by the bath. Our findings can be readily extended to larger open quantum systems. They carry the seeds for future thermodynamic analyses of quantum gates and the design of quantum engines in the strong coherent driving regime., Comments welcome

Published
2020
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24. Graph Topology Inference Benchmarks for Machine Learning

Author

Vincent Gripon, Carlos Lassance, Gonzalo Mateos, Département Electronique (IMT Atlantique - ELEC), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), and University of Rochester [USA]

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer science, Noise reduction, Inference, Machine Learning (stat.ML), 02 engineering and technology, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Machine Learning (cs.LG), [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Statistics - Machine Learning, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Cluster analysis, Signal processing, Graph signal processing, [INFO.INFO-GT]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Science and Game Theory [cs.GT], business.industry, Graph, Graph inference, Topological graph theory, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Artificial intelligence, business, computer, MathematicsofComputing_DISCRETEMATHEMATICS
Abstract

Graphs are nowadays ubiquitous in the fields of signal processing and machine learning. As a tool used to express relationships between objects, graphs can be deployed to various ends: I) clustering of vertices, II) semi-supervised classification of vertices, III) supervised classification of graph signals, and IV) denoising of graph signals. However, in many practical cases graphs are not explicitly available and must therefore be inferred from data. Validation is a challenging endeavor that naturally depends on the downstream task for which the graph is learnt. Accordingly, it has often been difficult to compare the efficacy of different algorithms. In this work, we introduce several ease-to-use and publicly released benchmarks specifically designed to reveal the relative merits and limitations of graph inference methods. We also contrast some of the most prominent techniques in the literature., To appear in 2020 Machine Learning for Signal Processing. Code available at https://github.com/cadurosar/benchmark_graphinference

Published
2020
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25. Modal Majorana Sphere and Hidden Symmetries of Structured-Gaussian Beams

Author

Miguel A. Alonso, A. N. Vamivakas, S. A. Wadood, Rodrigo Gutiérrez-Cuevas, MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Rochester [USA], and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
Surface (mathematics), Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Generalization, Gaussian, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, Theoretical physics, MAJORANA, Modal, 0103 physical sciences, Homogeneous space, symbols, 010306 general physics, Constellation, Poincare sphere, Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract

International audience; Structured-Gaussian beams are shown to be fully and uniquely represented by a collection of points (or a constellation) on the surface of the modal Majorana sphere, providing a complete generalization of the modal Poincaré sphere to higher-order modes. The symmetries of this Majorana constellation translate into invariances to astigmatic transformations, giving way to continuous or quantized geometric phases. The experimental amenability of this system is shown by verifying the existence of both these symmetries and geometric phases.

Published
2020
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26. Reflector design and study via conformal mappings

Author

Miguel A. Alonso, Luis A. Alemán-Castañeda, MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), University of Rochester [USA], and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Reflectors, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Conformal mappings, Conformal map, Reflector (antenna), Symmetry (physics), Reflector design, Optics, Simple (abstract algebra), Reflection (physics), Illumination optics, business
Abstract

International audience; We present a new approach to relate the reflector's shape and the direction in which light gets reflected. Using a simple conformal map the reflector profile can be transformed into a curve that describes light's direction after reflection, as well as the amount of it. The method, currently limited to 2D (i.e. reflectors with a certain symmetry), can be used for both segmented and smooth reflectors, as well as with extended sources. Applications are discussed.

Published
2020
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27. Silylation of Pyridine, Picolines, and Quinoline with a Zinc Catalyst

Author

Rodney Wallace, Joshua W Prybil, Michael B. Hall, Romane Vaillant, Jordan Klingman, Alexandra Warren, Xin Yang, Robert M. Chin, William W. Brennessel, University of Northern Iowa (UNI), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Texas A&M University [College Station], University of Rochester [USA], National Science Foundation, NSF CHE-1565893CHE-1725028, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Silylation, 010405 organic chemistry, General Chemical Engineering, Quinoline, chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, Zinc, 010402 general chemistry, Ring (chemistry), 01 natural sciences, Medicinal chemistry, Article, 0104 chemical sciences, Catalysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemistry, chemistry, Pyridine, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Picoline, Trifluoromethanesulfonate, QD1-999
Abstract

International audience; Zn(OTf)2 (OTf- = trifluoromethanesulfonate) catalyzes the silylation of pyridine, 3-picoline, and quinoline to afford the silylated products, where the silyl groups are meta to the nitrogen. The isolated yields of the products range from 41 to 26%. The 2- and 4-picolines yielded the silylmethylpyridines, where the CH3 groups were silylated instead of the ring. The pyridine silylation can occur via two separate pathways, involving either a 1,4- or a 1,2-hydrosilylation of pyridine as the first step. A byproduct of the pyridine silylation is a head-to-tail dimerization of N-silyl-1,4-dihydropyridine to form a diazaditwistane molecule. © 2020 American Chemical Society.

Published
2020
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28. Stochastic transport of high-energy particles through a turbulent plasma

Author

Chen, L., Bott, A., Tzeferacos, P., Rigby, A., Bell, A., Bingham, R., Graziani, C., Katz, J., Li, C., Koenig, M., Petrasso, R, Park, H.-S, Ross, J, Ryu, D, Ryutov, D, White, T, Reville, B, Matthews, J, Meinecke, J, Miniati, F, Zweibel, E, Sarkar, S, Schekochihin, A, Lamb, D, Froula, D, Gregori, G, Department of Physics [Oxford], University of Oxford, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics [Chicago], University of Chicago, Laboratory for lasers energetics - LLE (New-York, USA), University of Rochester [USA], Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford [Oxford], KOENIG, Michel, and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], magnetic field: turbulence, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, diffusion, scattering, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, cosmic radiation: energy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, magnetic field: galaxy, charged particle, magnetic field: random, correlation: length, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], Auger, [PHYS] Physics [physics], path length, turbulence: magnetic, intermittency, propagation, anisotropy: dipole, stochastic, cosmic radiation: UHE, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], plasma, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

The interplay between charged particles and turbulent magnetic fields is crucial to understanding how cosmic rays propagate through space. A key parameter which controls this interplay is the ratio of the particle gyroradius to the correlation length of the magnetic turbulence. For the vast majority of cosmic rays detected at the Earth, this parameter is small, and the particles are well confined by the Galactic magnetic field. But for cosmic rays more energetic than about 30 EeV, this parameter is large. These highest energy particles are not confined to the Milky Way and are presumed to be extragalactic in origin. Identifying their sources requires understanding how they are deflected by the intergalactic magnetic field, which appears to be weak, turbulent with an unknown correlation length, and possibly spatially intermittent. This is particularly relevant given the recent detection by the Pierre Auger Observatory of a significant dipole anisotropy in the arrival directions of cosmic rays of energy above 8 EeV. Here we report measurements of energetic-particle propagation through a random magnetic field in a laser-produced plasma. We characterize the diffusive transport of these particles and recover experimentally pitch-angle scattering measurements and extrapolate to find their mean free path and the associated diffusion coefficient, which show scaling-relations consistent with theoretical studies. This experiment validates these theoretical tools for analyzing the propagation of ultra-high energy cosmic rays through the intergalactic medium.

Published
2020

29. La théorie ondulatoire de fresnel a-t-elle tué les rayons ? Comment réconcilier les rayons et les ondes

Author

Alonso, Miguel, MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Centrale de Marseille (ECM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), University of Rochester [USA], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
Waves equation, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Fresnel diffraction, Diffracted waves, Rays methods
Abstract

National audience; Il y a 200 ans, Fresnel a fourni des bases mathématiques au modèle ondulatoire de la lumière, capables de prédire mêmedesphénomènesaussisurprenantsà l’époqueque la tache d'Arago. Donc, naïvement, on aurait pu penser que cette formalisation mettrait le dernier clou dansle cercueil du modèle précédent, celui de rayons. Cependant, les cours d’optique continuent à couvrir l’optique de rayons, et la plupart des logiciels pour la conception des systèmes imageurs sont basés sur ce simple et ancien modèle. Le modèle de rayons s’est donc révélé étonnamment résilient, et s’il est utilisé correctement,il est même capable de capturer de nombreux effets considérés souvent comme intrinsèquement ondulatoires.

Published
2020
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30. Editorial: Message from the Incoming Editor

Author

Miguel A. Alonso, Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), University of Rochester [USA], École Centrale de Marseille (ECM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Optics, business.industry, Publishing, Political science, Photonics, business, Telecommunications, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Term (time)
Abstract

Miguel Alonso, beginning his term as Editor-in-Chief, looks forward to continuing Optics Letters’ tradition of serving the optics and photonics community and publishing high-impact short communications.

Published
2020
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31. Maximum likelihood estimation in the context of an optical measurement

Author

Miguel A. Alonso, Anthony Vella, University of Rochester [USA], MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
weak value, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Photon, Pixel, Fisher information, [PHYS.PHYS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics], Small number, Statistical model, Context (language use), 01 natural sciences, Outcome (probability), 010309 optics, symbols.namesake, weak measurement, off-null metrology, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, optical measurement, 010306 general physics, Likelihood function, Algorithm, Mathematics, Maximum likelihood
Abstract

International audience; Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is a widely-used statistical approach for estimating one or more unknown parameters of a probabilistic model based on observed data. In this tutorial, we review MLE's mathematical foundations within the context of measurements of optical intensity distributions. Here, the detection of each photon is treated as a random event, the outcome being the photon's location within a pixelized array. These detected photons accumulate to form an intensity profile. We give a straightforward derivation for the likelihood function and Fisher information matrix (FIM) associated with a measurement. An estimate for the parameter(s) of interest is then obtained by maximizing the likelihood function, while the FIM determines the estimate's uncertainty. These concepts are illustrated with several simple examples involving a small number of pixels, for one and two parameters, revealing interesting properties and practical considerations for optical measurements. Connections are drawn to weak (off-null) measurements.

Published
2020
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32. Validity of the perturbation model for the propagation of MSF structures in 3D

Author

Liang, Kevin, Forbes, G., Alonso, Miguel, University of Rochester [USA], Environment Canada Sable Island, Macquarie University, MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics]
Abstract

International audience; Mid-spatial frequency (MSF) structures on optical surfaces degrade system performance and a perturbation model is typically used to simplify the assessment of their effects. In this simple model, MSF phase structures are dragged along the nominal rays of a system to yield estimates of wavefronts in the exit pupil that may be used for further analysis. However, the validity of the perturbation model remains an open area of study. We extend our previous assessment of the validity of this model [K. Liang, Opt. Express 27, 3390-3408 (2019)] that was focused on the analysis of single-frequency MSF structures in two dimensions to now include error estimates for broad-spectra MSF structures in three dimensions.

Published
2020
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33. Jurassic-Early Cenozoic Tectonic Inversion in the Qilian Shan and Qaidam Basin, North Tibet: New Insight From Seismic Reflection, Isopach Mapping, and Drill Core Data

Author

Feng Cheng, Huayu Lu, Marc Jolivet, Zhenqiang Wang, Qiquan Zhang, Xiangzhong Li, Bo Zhang, Lin Wang, Daowei Zhang, Hanzhi Zhang, Changhao Zhang, Zhaojie Guo, University of Rochester [USA], Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Key Laboratory for Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Peking University [Beijing], Nanjing University (NJU), State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Xi’an], Qinghai Oilfield Company, Inconnu, College of Engineering [Beijing], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Provenance, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Inversion (geology), Transtension, 15. Life on land, Structural basin, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Cretaceous, Transpression, Paleontology, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Extensional tectonics, Isopach map, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; The pre-Cenozoic structural pattern of Asia has had a strong impact on the localization and propagation of the Cenozoic deformation that gave birth to the Tibetan Plateau. Northern Tibet represents a key area to decipher the structural and kinematic links between the Mesozoic and Cenozoic evolution of Tibet. Nonetheless, the Mesozoic tectonic setting of the North Tibet and the role that the Paleozoic inherited Altyn Tagh Fault (ATF) shearing zone played in controlling the regional tectonic pattern during the deposition of the Mesozoic strata remain controversial. This study is based on seismic reflections, isopach maps of the Mesozoic strata in the Qaidam Basin, and provenance analysis using detrital zircon geochronological and heavy mineral contents. Seismic reflections and isopach maps demonstrate that sustained strike-slip motion along the ATF during the Early to Late Jurassic induced transtensional basin formation. Further away from the main ATF (eastern parts of the Qilian Shan and the northern Qaidam Basin), transtension also occurred along major faults, although local transpression developed in relay zones. Rotation in the regional stress field induced compression and basin inversion during the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. The Cenozoic sedimentary rocks in these regions display widespread growth strata and angular unconformities characteristic of compression. This is consistent with topographic changes marked by sediment source variation evidenced by detrital zircon geochronology and heavy mineral analysis. We propose that the mechanism driving the Jurassic extension/transtension in North Tibet could be related to far-field effects of subduction processes along the southern margins of the continent.

Published
2019
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34. Detrital zircon provenance comparison between the Paleocene-Eocene Nangqian-Xialaxiu and Gongjue basins: New insights for Cenozoic paleogeographic evolution of the eastern Tibetan Plateau

Author

Pierrick Roperch, Stéphane Guillot, Wentao Huang, Zhaojie Guo, Guillaume Dupont-Nivet, Yuanyuan Zhang, Marc Poujol, Yang Zhang, Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Peking University [Beijing], University of Rochester [USA], Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Key Laboratory for Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, 2017ZX05008001, National Science and Technology Major Project, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and Universität Potsdam

Subjects
Provenance, U-Pb geochronology, Institut für Erd- und Umweltwissenschaften, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Cenozoic basins, Geochemistry, Structural basin, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, eastern Tibetan Plateau, ddc:550, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Terrane, geography, Plateau, geography.geographical_feature_category, Paleontology, Orogeny, 15. Life on land, sandstone detrital modes, tectonic reconstruction, Geochronology, Cenozoic, Geology, Zircon
Abstract

International audience; Paleogeographic reconstructions of terranes can greatly benefit from the provenance analysis of sediments. A series of Cenozoic basins provide key sedimentary archives for investigating the growth of the Tibetan Plateau, yet the provenance of the sediments in these basins has never been constrained robustly. Here we report sedimentary petrological and detrital zircon geochronological data from the Paleocene-Eocene Nangqian-Xialaxiu and Gongjue basins. Sandstone detrital modes and zircon morphology suggest that the samples collected in these two basins were sourced from recycled orogen. Detrital zircon geochronology indicates that sediments in the Nangqian-Xialaxiu Basin are characterized by two distinct age populations at 220–280 Ma and 405–445 Ma. In contrast, three predominant age populations of 207–256 Ma, 423–445 Ma, and 1851–1868 Ma, and two subordinate age populations of ~50 Ma and ~2500 Ma, are recognized in the Gongjue Basin. Comparison with detrital zircon ages from the surrounding terranes suggests that sediments in the Nangqian-Xialaxiu Basin come from the neighboring thrust belts, whereas sediments from the Gongjue Basin are predominantly derived from the distant Songpan-Ganzi Terrane with minor contribution from the surrounding areas. A three-stage Cenozoic evolution of the eastern Tibetan Plateau is proposed. During the Paleocene, the Nangqian-Xialaxiu Basin appeared as a set of small intermontane sub-basins and received plentiful sediments from the neighboring mountain belts; during the Eocene, the Gongjue Basin kept a relatively low altitude and was a depression at the edge of a proto-Plateau; since the Oligocene, the Tibetan Plateau further uplifted and the marginal Gongjue Basin was involved in the Tibetan interior orogeny, indicating the eastward propagation of the Tibetan Plateau.

Published
2019
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35. Transversal elasticity of TIEG1 KO muscle and tendon fibers probed by atomic force microscopy

Author

Jessem Landoulsi, Malayannan Subramaniam, Sabine F. Bensamoun, John R. Hawse, Malek Kammoun, Vincent Dupres, Biomécanique et Bioingénierie (BMBI), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Chimie des Interfaces (UCL), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Roberval (Roberval), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rochester [USA], and Labex MS2T

Subjects
0206 medical engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Muscle hypertrophy, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Fiber, Elasticity (economics), [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, skin and connective tissue diseases, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Tendon, Chemistry, Atomic force microscopy, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, Hyperplasia, medicine.disease, 020601 biomedical engineering, Computer Science Applications, Human-Computer Interaction, [SDV.BBM.BP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biophysics, medicine.anatomical_structure, Biophysics, Muscle, sense organs, AFM, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-DATA-AN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability [physics.data-an]
Abstract

Inhibition of TIEG1 gene provides changes within the musculoskeletal system. Recently, hypertrophy, hyperplasia and a metabolic glycolytic switch for slow and fast fibers has been observed in TIEG1...

Published
2019
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36. Challenges in isolating primary remanent magnetization from Tethyan carbonate rocks on the Tibetan Plateau: Insight from remagnetized Upper Triassic limestones in the eastern Qiangtang block

Author

Guillaume Dupont-Nivet, Zhaojie Guo, Bo Zhang, Mark J. Dekkers, Yang Zhang, Wentao Huang, Mike Jackson, University of Rochester [USA], The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), department of earth sciences, University of Minnesota System, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Peking University [Beijing], Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Potsdam, 825.15.016, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, National Science Foundation, MAGIC 649081, European Research Council, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Paleomagnetism, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)

Subjects
Paleomagnetism, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Natural remanent magnetization, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Geochemistry, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Petrography, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, ddc:550, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Tibetan Plateau, Triassic limestone, Pyrrhotite, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Institut für Umweltwissenschaften und Geographie, Authigenic, 15. Life on land, Diagenesis, Geophysics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, engineering, Carbonate, Carbonate rock, remagnetization, Geology
Abstract

Carbonate rocks, widely used for paleomagnetically quantifying the drift history of the Gondwana derived continental blocks of the Tibetan Plateau and evolution of the Paleo/Meso/Neo-Tethys Oceans, are prone to pervasive remagnetization. Identifying remagnetization is difficult because it is commonly undetectable through the classic paleomagnetic field tests. Here we apply comprehensive paleomagnetic, rock magnetic, and petrographic studies to upper Triassic limestones in the eastern Qiangtang block. Our results reveal that detrital/biogenic magnetite, which may carry the primary natural remanent magnetization (NRM), is rarely preserved in these rocks. In contrast, authigenic magnetite and hematite pseudomorphs after pyrite, and monoclinic pyrrhotite record three episodes of remagnetization. The earliest remagnetization was induced by oxidation of early diagenetic pyrite to magnetite, probably related to the collision between the northeastern Tibetan Plateau and the Qiangtang block after closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean in the Late Triassic. The second remagnetization, residing in hematite and minor goethite, which is the further subsurface oxidation product of pyrite/magnetite, is possibly related to the development of the localized Cenozoic basins soon after India-Asia collision in the Paleocene. The youngest remagnetization is a combination of thermoviscous and chemical remanent magnetization carried by authigenic magnetite and pyrrhotite, respectively. Our analyses suggest that a high supply of organic carbon during carbonate deposition, prevailing sulfate reducing conditions during early diagenesis, and widespread orogenic fluid migration related to crustal shortening during later diagenesis, have altered the primary remanence of the shallow-water Tethyan carbonate rocks of the Tibetan Plateau. We emphasize that all paleomagnetic results from these rocks must be carefully examined for remagnetization before being used for paleogeographic reconstructions. Future paleomagnetic investigations of the carbonate rocks in orogenic belts should be accompanied by thorough rock magnetic and petrographic studies to determine the origin of the NRM. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2019
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37. JURASSIC-EARLY CENOZOIC TECTONIC INVERSION IN THE QILIAN SHAN AND QAIDAM BASIN, NORTH TIBET: NEW INSIGHT FROM SEISMIC REFLECTION, ISOPACH MAPPING AND DRILL CORE DATA

Author

Cheng, Feng, Jolivet, Marc, Guo, Zhaojie, Al., Et, University of Rochester [USA], Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Peking University [Beijing], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics
Abstract

International audience; The pre-Cenozoic structural pattern of Asia has had a strong impact on the localization and propagation of the Cenozoic deformation that gave birth to the Tibetan Plateau. Northern Tibet represents a key area to decipher the structural and kinematic links between the Mesozoic and Cenozoic evolution of Tibet. Nonetheless, the Mesozoic tectonic setting of the North Tibet, and the role that the Paleozoic inherited Altyn Tagh Fault (ATF) shearing zone played in controlling the regional tectonic pattern during the deposition of the Mesozoic strata remain controversial. This study is based on seismic reflections, isopach maps of the Mesozoic strata in the Qaidam Basin, and provenance analysis using detrital zircon geochronological and heavy mineral contents. Seismic reflections and isopach maps demonstrate that sustained strike-slip motion along the ATF during the early to late Jurassic induced the formation of transtensional basins. Further away from the main ATF (eastern parts of the Qilian Shan and the northern Qaidam Basin), transtension also occurred along major faults, although local transpression developed in relay zones. Rotation in the regional stress field induced compression and basin inversion during the late Jurassic - Cretaceous. The Cenozoic sedimentary rocks in these regions display widespread growth strata and angular unconformities characteristic of compression. This is consistent with topographic changes marked by sediment source variation evidenced by detrital zircon geochronology and heavy mineral analysis. We propose that the mechanism driving the Jurassic extension/transtension in North Tibet could be related to far-field effects of subduction processes along the southern margins of the continent.

Published
2019
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38. Pourquoi les étudiants de bas statut socioéconomique ont un sentiment d’appartenance à la communauté universitaire plus faible que ceux de statut socioéconomique plus élevé ? Le rôle de la reconnaissance d’autrui

Author

Jury, Mickaël, Aelenei, Cristina, Chen, Chen, Céline, Darnon, Elliot, Andrew J., Activité, Connaissance, Transmission, éducation (ACTé ), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale Menaces et Société (LPS - EA 4471), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Nanjing University (NJU), Laboratoire de psychologie sociale et de psychologie cognitive (LAPSCO), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Rochester [USA], Jury, Mickaël, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Activité, Connaissance, Transmission, éducation - Clermont Auvergne (ACTé ), and Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)

Subjects
[SHS.PSY] Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [SHS.EDU] Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology
Abstract

International audience; Un nombre important de recherches a montré que les étudiants de bas statut socioéconomique (SSE) font face à de multiples obstacles dans le contexte universitaire (voir Goudeau, Autin, & Croizet, 2017 ; Jury et al., 2017). Parmi ceux-ci, il apparaît notamment que ces étudiants ont un sentiment d’appartenance à la communauté universitaire plus faible que les étudiants de SSE plus élevé (Rubin, 2012). Etant donné les conséquences positives associées au fait de posséder un sentiment d’appartenance élevé (par ex., un bien-être subjectif élevé, Pittman & Richmond, 2007, motivation intrinsèque pour les études, Freeman, Anderman, & Jensen, 2007), identifier les raisons qui sous-tendent l’existence de ce lien est particulièrement important. Or les travaux actuels proposent que les individus de bas SSE diffèrent des individus de haut SSE non seulement sur la quantité de ressources dont ils disposent pour réussir mais également sur le rang qui leur est assigné et la valeur qui y est associée (Kraus, Piff, Mendoza-Denton, Rheinschmidt & Keltner, 2012). Dans cette recherche, nous faisons l’hypothèse que le manque de reconnaissance par autrui (Cheng, Tracy, & Helmrich, 2010) pourrait agir comme un médiateur de ce lien. Pour tester cette hypothèse, nous avons réalisé trois études auprès d’étudiants américains (N = 235 dans l’étude 1, N = 339 dans l’étude 2) et chinois (N = 394 dans l’étude 3). Dans celles-ci, les participants ont complété une mesure de statut socioéconomique subjectif (Adler, Epel, Castellazzo, & Ickovics, 2000), de perception de reconnaissance par autrui (Cheng et al., 2010) et de sentiment d’appartenance à la communauté universitaire (Walton & Cohen, 2007). Les résultats de ces trois études confirment la présence d’un effet indirect de la reconnaissance par autrui. Autrement dit, les étudiants de faible SSE estiment se sentir moins appartenir à la communauté universitaire que les étudiants de SSE plus élevé car ils se sentent moins reconnus par les autres. Ainsi, la valeur qu’un étudiant pense que les autres lui attribuent peut jouer indirectement un rôle clé dans son sentiment d’appartenir ou non à la communauté universitaire. Les implications de ces résultats pour l’accompagnement des étudiants seront discutées.

Published
2019

39. The response function of Fujifilm BAS-TR imaging plates to laser-accelerated titanium ions

Author

Erhard Gaul, G. Revet, Todd Ditmire, Hiroshi Sawada, Gilliss Dyer, Michael E Donovan, Julien Fuchs, E. McCary, Joseph Strehlow, M. Spinks, S. Zhang, T. S. Daykin, Gregory Kemp, P. Forestier-Colleoni, J. Peebles, Drew Higginson, Mikael Martinez, Farhat Beg, Harry McLean, C. McGuffey, Mathieu Bailly-Grandvaux, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Center for Ultrafast Optical Sciences (CUOS), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Laboratory for lasers energetics - LLE (New-York, USA), University of Rochester [USA], Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander], Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of California (UC)

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Materials science, Detector, Radiation, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Charged particle, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Ion, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Atomic number, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Atomic physics, Luminescence, Particle beam, Instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Calibrated diagnostics for energetic particle detection allow for the systematic study of charged particle sources. The Fujifilm BAS-TR imaging plate (IP) is a reusable phosphorescent detector for radiation applications such as x-ray and particle beam detection. The BAS-TR IP has been absolutely calibrated to many low-Z (low proton number) ions, and extending these calibrations to the mid-Z regime is beneficial for the study of laser-driven ion sources. The Texas Petawatt Laser was used to generate energetic ions from a 100 nm titanium foil, and charge states Ti10+ through Ti12+, ranging from 6 to 27 MeV, were analyzed for calibration. A plastic detector of CR-39 with evenly placed slots was mounted in front of the IP to count the number of ions that correspond with the IP levels of photo-stimulated luminescence (PSL). A response curve was fitted to the data, yielding a model of the PSL signal vs ion energy. Comparisons to other published response curves are also presented, illustrating the trend of PSL/nucleon decreasing with increasing ion mass.

Published
2019
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40. Adaptive inverse ray-tracing for accurate and effcient modeling of cross beam energy transfer in hydrodynamics simulations

Author

John Palastro, I. V. Igumenschev, Arnaud Colaïtis, V. N. Goncharov, Russell Follett, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory for lasers energetics - LLE (New-York, USA), University of Rochester [USA], and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)

Subjects
Permittivity, Coupling, Physics, Physical model, Field (physics), Adaptive mesh refinement, Acoustic wave, Tracing, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Computational physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Ray tracing (graphics), 010306 general physics
Abstract

International audience; Integrated hydrodynamics simulations of inertial confinement fusion rely on reduced physics models. To reproduce experimental trends, these models often feature tuning parameters, but this comes with a risk: over-tuning of one model can hide physics inadequacies in another. Ray-based models of cross-beam-energy transfer (CBET) represents one of these risks. Here we present an accurate and efficient model of CBET suitable for inline implementation in 3D hydrodynamics simulations. Inverse Ray Tracing (IRT) is used to compute the ray field in a 3D permittivity profile described on an unstructured tetrahedral mesh using the IFRIIT framework (Inline Field Reconstruction and Interaction using Inverse Tracing). CBET is accounted for through perturbations to the permittivity associated with ion acoustic waves driven by the overlapped fields. Large gradients in the permittivity are resolved by coupling the IRT to a recursive Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) algorithm. The use of AMR also allows for the resolution of caustics, with accurate field reconstruction performed using the Etalon integral method. Comparisons of the model with wave-based solutions from the Laser Plasma Simulation Environment (LPSE) demonstrate its ability to control energy conservation and gain convergence through AMR depth only, without the use of ad hoc physical models or artificial tuning parameters.

Published
2019
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41. Video clip assessment of a salivary gland ultrasound scoring system in Sjögren’s syndrome using consensual definitions: an OMERACT ultrasound working group reliability exercise

Author

Lene Terslev, Stavros Chrysidis, Daryl K. MacCarter, Florence Gatineau, Mohamed Mortada, Frédérique Gandjbakhch, Georgios Filippou, Annamaria Iagnocco, Stephanie Finzel, Alen Zabotti, Isabelle Chary-Valckenaere, Cristina Hernández-Díaz, Maria Antonietta D'Agostino, Daniel Hammenfors, Juan José de Agustín, Marina Backhaus, Wolfgang A. Schmidt, George A W Bruyn, Martin H Stradner, Céline Nicolas, Giorgio Tamborrini, Ghada El Mardenly, Ralf G. Thiele, Alojzija Hočevar, Sandrine Jousse-Joulin, Zarrin Alavi, Sarah Ohrndorf, Cornelia Glaser, Petra Hanova, Christian Dejaco, Esperanza Naredo, Paz Collado, Lymphocyte B et Auto-immunité (LBAI), Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO), CHRU Brest - Service de Rhumatologie (CHU - BREST - Rhumato), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Service de Rhumatologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Ambroise Paré [AP-HP], CIC Brest, Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Rheumatology Severo Ochoa University Hospital, Madrid, Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, Service de Rhumatologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research,Copenhagen (Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases), Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Severo Ochoa Hospital, Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Laboratory, Mexico, Service de rhumatologie [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière] (GRC-08 EEMOIS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction - Maternité [CHU Tenon], CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Medical Centre for Rheumatology, Berlin, Rheumatology Unit [Siena], Rheumatology, Medical University Graz, Rheumatology and Immunology, Graz, Rheumatology Zagazig, Department of Rheumatology (Dep Rheumato - Ljubljana - SLOVENIE), University Medical Centre Slovenia, Rheumatology, Esbjerg, Rheumatology Department, Cairo, Rheumatology, Barcelona, Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University of Rochester [USA], Rheumatology, North Valley Hospital, Whitefish, Montana, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Institute of rheumatology, Rheumatology, Hana CB spol sro, Ceske Budejovice, Rheumatology Clinic, Academic Hospital S.M. Della Misericordia, Udine, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC - Brest), Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Clinical Science and Department of Rheumatology, Bergen, and MC Groep Hospitals, Lelystad

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Scoring system, Consensus, Settore MED/16 - REUMATOLOGIA, Delphi Technique, salivary glands, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, education, Sensitivity and Specificity, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Computer-Assisted, Rheumatology, Major Salivary Gland, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, CLIPS, Image Interpretation, Reliability (statistics), computer.programming_language, Ultrasonography, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, Salivary gland, business.industry, ultrasound, Ultrasound, OMERACT, primary sjögren syndrome, reliability exercise, Reproducibility of Results, medicine.anatomical_structure, Sjogren's Syndrome, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Radiology, Sjogren s, business, computer, Kappa
Abstract

ObjectiveTo develop ultrasound (US) definitions and a US novel scoring system for major salivary gland (SG) lesions in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) and to test their intrareader and inter-reader reliability using US video clips.MethodsTwenty-five rheumatologists were subjected to a three-round, web-based Delphi process in order to agree on (1) definitions and scanning procedure of salivary gland ultrasonography (SGUS): parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands (PG, SMG and SLG); (2) definitions for the elementary SGUS lesions in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome; (3) scoring system for grading changes. The experts rated the statements on a 1–5 Likert scale. In the second step, SGUS video clips of patients with pSS and non-pSS sicca cases were collected containing various spectrums of disease severity followed by an intrareader and inter-reader reliability exercise. Each video clip was evaluated according to the agreed definitions.ResultsConsensual definitions were developed after three Delphi rounds. Among the three selected SGs, US assessment of PGs and SMGs was agreed on. Agreement was reached to score only greyscale lesions and to focus on anechoic/hypoechoic foci in a semiquantitative matter or, if not possible on a qualitatively (present/absent) evaluation of fatty or fibrous lesions. Intrareader reliability for detecting and scoring these lesions was excellent (Cohen’s kappa 0.81) and inter-reader reliability was good (Light’s kappa 0.66).ConclusionNew definitions for developing a novel semiquantitative US score in patients with pSS were developed and tested on video clips. Inter-reader and intrareader reliabilities were good and excellent, respectively.

Published
2019
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42. The B-Star Exoplanet Abundance Study: a co-moving 16–25 M Jup companion to the young binary system HIP 79098

Author

Carbillet, M., Maurel, D., Origné, A., Rigal, F., Sevin, A., De Boer, J., van Holstein, R. G., Dohlen, K., Snik, F., Keller, C. U., Ginski, C., Stam, D. M., Wahhaj, Z., Kasper, M., Rabou, P., Hugot, E., Perret, D., Martinez, P., Pragt, J., Coroller, H. Le, Dominik, C., Turatto, M., Udry, S., Beuzit, J. -L., Le Coroller, H., Mennesson, B., Bailey, V., Kasdin, J., Trauger, J., Absil, O., Akeson, R., Armus, L., Baudoz, P., Bellini, A., Bennett, D., Berriman, B., Calchi-Novati, S., Carpenter, K., Chen, C., Danchi, W., Debes, J., Defrere, D., Ertel, S., Frerking, M., Gelino, C., Girard, J. H., Groff, T., Kane, S., Helou, G., Kalirai, J., Krist, J., Kruk, J., Hasegawa, Y., Laine, S., Lowrance, P., Malhotra, S., Mandell, A., Marshall, P., McElwain, M., Meshkat, T., Millan-Gabet, R., Moustakas, L., Nemati, B., Paladini, R., Postman, M., Pueyo, L., Quintana, E., Ramirez, S., Rhodes, J., Riggs, A. J. E., Rizzo, M., Soummer, R., Stapelfeldt, K., Stark, C., Turnbull, M., van der Marel, R., Ygouf, M., Wyatt, M., Zhao, F., Zimmerman, N., Loh, Alan, Messina, Sergio, Brandner, Wolfgang, Buenzli, Esther, Daemgen, Sebastien, Lagadec, Eric, Mouillet, David, Peretti, Sébastien, Janin-Potiron, Pierre, Salter, Graeme, Roux, Alain, Llored, Marc, Buey, Jean-Tristan, Pavlov, Alexei, Petit, C., Pawellek, Nicole, Moór, Attila, Milli, Julien, Kóspál, Ágnes, Olofsson, Johan, Ábrahám, Péter, Keppler, Miriam, Kral, Quentin, Pohl, Adriana, Augereau, Jean-Charles, Choquet, Elodie, Engler, Natalia, Lee, Eve J., Thebault, Philippe, Lee, Eve, Podio, L., Bacciotti, F., Antoniucci, S., Codella, C., Dougados, C., Nisini, B., Schmid, H. M., Stolker, T., Baudino, J. L., Biller, Beth, Bonavita, M., Galicher, R., Grandjean, A., Lagrange, Anne-Marie, Lannier, Justine, Maire, Anne-Lise, Perrot, Clément, Delboulbé, A., Mignant, D. Le, Fantinel, D., Moeller-Nilsson, O., Weber, Luc, Sauvage, J. -F., Le Mignant, D., Möller-Nilsson, O., Mesa, Dino, Garufi, A., D'Orazi, V., Flasseur, O., Barbieri, M., Benisty, M., Henning, Thomas, Ligi, R., Sissa, Elena, Zurlo, Alice, Boccaletti, Anthony, Cantalloube, F., Cheetham, Anthony, De Caprio, V., Feldt, Markus, Fusco, T., Gluck, L., Hagelberg, J., Lagrange, A. -M., Lazzoni, C., Madec, F., Maire, A. -L., Ménard, F., Meyer, M., Ramos, J., Rickman, E. L., Rouan, D., Schmidt, T., van der Plas, G., D’Orazi, V., De Caprio, V, Lagrange, A-M, Maire, A-L, Van der Plas, G, Janson, Markus, Asensio-Torres, Ruben, André, Damien, Bonnefoy, Mickaël, Delorme, Philippe, Reffert, Sabine, Desidera, Silvano, Langlois, M, Chauvin, G., Gratton, Raffaele, Bohn, Alexander J., Eriksson, Simon C., Marleau, Gabriel-Dominique, Mamajek, Eric E., Vigan, Arthur, Carson, Joseph C., Bohn, Alexander, Eriksson, Simon, Mamajek, Eric, Carson, Joseph, Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Aerospace Engineering [Delft], Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Department of International Development, University of Oxford [Oxford], Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), JET PROPULSION LABORATORY CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY PASADENA USA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Space Sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research Institute (STAR), Université de Liège, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), European Southern Observatory (ESO), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma (OAR), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Axe 4 : céramiques sous contraintes environnementales (SPCTS-AXE4), Science des Procédés Céramiques et de Traitements de Surface (SPCTS), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Céramique Industrielle (ENSCI)-Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Céramique Industrielle (ENSCI)-Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (LAOG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Landessternwarte Königstuhl [ZAH] (LSW), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Stockholm University, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de Ingeniería Matemática [Santiago] (DIM), Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Leiden, Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik [Tübingen] (IAAT), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Rochester], University of Rochester [USA], College of Charleston, ANR-10-LABX-0056,OSUG@2020,Innovative strategies for observing and modelling natural systems(2010), and European Project: 678194,H2020,ERC-2015-STG,FALCONER(2016)

Subjects
planets and satellites: detection, Proper motion, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stellar mass, Brown dwarf, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Astronomy and Astrophysics, Mass ratio, stars: early-type, Exoplanet, Stars, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Circumbinary planet, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, brown dwarfs
Abstract

Wide low-mass substellar companions are known to be very rare among low-mass stars, but appear to become increasingly common with increasing stellar mass. However, B-type stars, which are the most massive stars within ~150 pc of the Sun, have not yet been examined to the same extent as AFGKM-type stars in that regard. In order to address this issue, we launched the ongoing B-star Exoplanet Abundance Study (BEAST) to examine the frequency and properties of planets, brown dwarfs, and disks around B-type stars in the Scorpius-Centaurus (Sco-Cen) association; we also analyzed archival data of B-type stars in Sco-Cen. During this process, we identified a candidate substellar companion to the B9-type spectroscopic binary HIP 79098 AB, which we refer to as HIP 79098 (AB)b. The candidate had been previously reported in the literature, but was classified as a background contaminant on the basis of its peculiar colors. Here we demonstrate that the colors of HIP 79098 (AB)b are consistent with several recently discovered young and low-mass brown dwarfs, including other companions to stars in Sco-Cen. Furthermore, we show unambiguous common proper motion over a 15-year baseline, robustly identifying HIP 79098 (AB)b as a bona fide substellar circumbinary companion at a 345+/-6 AU projected separation to the B9-type stellar pair. With a model-dependent mass of 16-25 Mjup yielding a mass ratio of, 9 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2019
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43. Level-set modelling of Laser Beam Melting process applied onto ceramic materials – Comparison with experimental results

Author

L. Moniz da Silva Sancho, Marie-Hélène Berger, Christophe Colin, Charles-André Gandin, Michel Bellet, Jean-Dominique Bartout, Gildas Guillemot, Qiang Chen, Biomechanics Laboratory, Division of Orthopedic Research, University of Rochester [USA], Edifices PolyMétalliques (E-POM), Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux (CEMEF), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Work (thermodynamics), Marangoni effect, Materials science, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Process (computing), Mechanical engineering, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Surface tension, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], visual_art, Fluid dynamics, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Laser power scaling, Ceramic, 0210 nano-technology, Material properties, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 021102 mining & metallurgy
Abstract

Laser Beam Melting (LBM) processes benefit from significant progress in recent years. Currently, manufacturing of ceramic parts for applications at high temperature in aeronautical industries can be planned. However, understanding of defect formation is required in order to optimize manufacturing strategy. In this work, level-set modelling is proposed to simulate tracks development during LBM processes. Thermo-mechanical solution is performed in both powder and dense domains. Fluid flow is computed considering the surface tension and Marangoni forces. In addition mechanical resolution is achieved to investigate stress evolution in the rear part of the track. Applications are developed on alumina material. The influence of laser power, scanning velocity and physical properties are investigated and discussed. Validations of the heat source model are proposed by comparisons of melt pool dimensions and shapes with experimental measurements. A coherent evolution of the track morphology is shown when varying process parameters or material properties.

Published
2019
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44. Berlioz comme monument : géographie, commémoration et canonicité

Author

Matthieu Cailliez, Jacek Blaszkiewicz, Laboratoire Universitaire Histoire Cultures Italie Europe (LUHCIE ), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), University of Rochester [USA], Alban Ramaut, Emmanuel Reibel, Cédric Segond-Genovesi, and Cailliez, Matthieu

Subjects
monumentalité, monde, canon, odonymes, FANTOIR, toponymes, Berlioz, Debussy, Google Maps, Ravel, voies de communication, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, noms d'écoles, [SHS.MUSIQ]Humanities and Social Sciences/Musicology and performing arts, Lieu de mémoire, Messiaen, Rameau, timbres, monument, Ngram Viewer, canonicité, géographie, [SHS.MUSIQ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Musicology and performing arts, commémoration, billet de banque, La Côte-Saint-André, toponymie, noms de rues, France, Histoire culturelle, espaces publics
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

45. Early-life microbiota exposure restricts myeloid-derived suppressor cell-driven colonic tumorigenesis Running Title: Early-life microbiota restricts colonic tumorigenesis

Author

Harusato, Akihito, Viennois, Emilie, Etienne-Mesmin, Lucie, Matsuyama, Shingo, Abo, Hirohito, Osuka, Satoru, Lukacs, Nicholas, Naito, Yuji, Itoh, Yoshito, Li, Jian-Dong, Merlin, Didier, Gewirtz, Andrew, Denning, Timothy, Génétique, Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Microbiologie Environnement Digestif Santé (MEDIS), INRA Clermont-Ferrand-Theix-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine [Kyoto, Japon], Department of Microbiologie and Immunologie, Univ. Rochester, University of Rochester [USA], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])

Subjects
myeloid-derived suppressor cell, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], colitis-associated cancer, microbiota, chemokines
Abstract

International audience; Gut microbiota and their metabolites are instrumental in regulating homeostasis at intestinal and extraintestinal sites. However, the complex effects of prenatal and early postnatal microbial exposure on adult health and disease outcomes remain incompletely understood. Here, we showed that mice raised under germ-free conditions until weaning and then transferred to specific pathogen-free (SPF) conditions harbored altered microbiota composition, augmented inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression, and were hyper-susceptible to colitis-associated tumorigenesis later in adulthood. Increased number and size of colon tumors and intestinal epithelial cell proliferation in recolonized germ-free mice were associated with augmented intratumoral CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL5 expression and granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell (G-MDSC) accumulation. Consistent with these findings, CXCR2 neutralization in recolonized germ-free mice completely reversed the exacerbated susceptibility to colitis- associated tumorigenesis. Collectively, our findings highlight a crucial role for early-life microbial exposure in establishing intestinal homeostasis that restrains colon cancer in adulthood.

Published
2019
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46. Simultaneous Measurement of Multiple Parameters of a Subwavelength Structure Based on the Weak Value Formalism

Author

Anthony Vella, Stephen T. Head, Miguel A. Alonso, Thomas G. Brown, University of Rochester [USA], MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), École Centrale de Marseille (ECM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Quantum Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Weak value, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, Formalism (philosophy of mathematics), Wavelength, Optics, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Postselection, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Structure based, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 010306 general physics, business, Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract

International audience; A mathematical extension of the weak value formalism to the simultaneous measurement of multiple parameters is presented in the context of an optical focused vector beam scatterometry experiment. In this example, preselection and postselection are achieved via spatially varying polarization control, which can be tailored to optimize the sensitivity to parameter variations. Initial experiments for the two-parameter case demonstrate that this method can be used to measure physical parameters with resolutions at least 1000 times smaller than the wavelength of illumination.

Published
2019
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47. Real and complex valued geometrical optics inverse ray-tracing for inline field calculations

Author

I. V. Igumenschev, Arnaud Colaïtis, John Palastro, V. N. Goncharov, Russell Follett, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratory for lasers energetics - LLE (New-York, USA), University of Rochester [USA], and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Diffraction, Permittivity, Geometrical optics, Eikonal equation, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Computational physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Dissipative system, Radiative transfer, Caustic (optics), 010306 general physics, Gaussian beam
Abstract

A 3-D ray based model for computing laser fields in dissipative and amplifying media is presented. The eikonal equation is solved using inverse ray-tracing on a dedicated nonstructured 3-D mesh. Inverse ray-tracing opens the possibility of using Complex Geometrical Optics (CGO), for which we propose a propagation formalism in a finite element mesh. Divergent fields at caustics are corrected using an etalon integral method for fold-type caustics. This method is successfully applied in dissipative media by modifying the ray-ordering and root selection rules, thereby allowing one to reconstruct the field in the entire caustic region. In addition, we demonstrate how caustics in the CGO framework can disappear entirely for sufficiently dissipative media, making the complex ray approach valid in the entire medium. CGO is shown to offer a more precise modeling of laser refraction and absorption in a dissipative medium when compared to Geometrical Optics (GO). In the framework of Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF), this occurs mostly at intermediate temperatures or at high temperatures close to the critical density. Additionally, GO is invalid at low temperatures if an approximated expression of the permittivity is used. The inverse ray-tracing algorithm for GO and CGO is implemented in the IFRIIT code, in the framework of a dielectric permittivity described in 3-D using a piecewise linear approximation in tetrahedrons. Fields computed using GO and CGO are compared to results from the electromagnetic wave solver Laser Plasma Simulation Environment. Excellent agreement is obtained in 1-D linear and nonlinear permittivity profiles. Good agreement is also obtained for ICF-like Gaussian density profiles in 2-D. Finally, we demonstrate how the model reproduces Gaussian beam diffraction using CGO. The IFRIIT code will be interfaced inline to 3-D radiative hydrodynamic codes to describe the nonlinear laser plasma interaction in ICF and high-energy-density plasmas.

Published
2019
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48. Gaussian mode families from systems of rays

Author

Mark R. Dennis, Miguel A. Alonso, MOSAIC (MOSAIC), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Centrale de Marseille (ECM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), University of Rochester [USA], University of Bristol [Bristol], University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
structured light, Gaussian, Mathematics::Classical Analysis and ODEs, Physics::Optics, Ellipse, 01 natural sciences, Gaussian beams, 010309 optics, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, WKB approximation, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, Optical path length, Physics, Hamiltonian optics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Geometrical optics, [PHYS.PHYS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics], Mathematical analysis, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Cardinal point, geometric phase, symbols, Laguerre polynomials, Structured light
Abstract

International audience; Gaussian mode families, including Laguerre-Gaussian, Hermite-Gaussian and generalized Hermite-Laguerre-Gaussian beams, can be described via a geometric optics construction. Ray families crossing the focal plane are represented as one-parameter families of ellipses, parametrized by curves on an analog Poincaré sphere for rays. We derive the optical path length weighting the rays, and find it to be related to the Pancharatnam-Berry connection on the Poincaré sphere. Dressing the rays with Gaussian beams, the approximation returns the Laguerre-, Hermite-and generalized Hermite-Laguerre-Gaussian beams exactly. The approach strengthens the connection between structured light and Hamiltonian optics, opening the possibility to new structured Gaussian beams.

Published
2019
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49. Initial deformation of the northern Tibetan plateau: insights from deposition of the Lulehe Formation in the Qaidam Basin

Author

Marc Jolivet, Daowei Zhang, Zhaojie Guo, Feng Cheng, Changhao Zhang, Carmala N. Garzione, Qiquan Zhang, University of Rochester [USA], Institute of Earth Environment [Xi’an], Chinese Academy of Sciences [Xi’an], Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Key Laboratory for Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Peking University [Beijing], EAR-1348005, National Science Foundation, SKLLQG1701, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2017ZX05008-001, National Science and Technology Major Project of China, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, geography, Plateau, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, 15. Life on land, Structural basin, Deformation (meteorology), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology, Sedimentary basin analysis, Paleogene, Deposition (chemistry), Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; The Paleogene Lulehe Formation marks the onset of deposition in the Qaidam basin and preserves evidence of the initial topographic growth of northern Tibet. However, limited outcrops impede understanding of the sedimentary features of the Lulehe Formation as well as the tectonic relationship between the basin and surrounding topography. To fill this gap, we investigated core samples along the basin margin and conducted flexural modeling to estimate the topographic load of the Qilian Shan and Eastern Kunlun Shan during the deposition of the Lulehe Formation. Core samples reveal that the Lulehe Formation mainly consists of distal fluvial to marginal lacustrine deposits and proximal fluvial deposits along the southern margin of the basin while characterized by proximal alluvial fan deposits along the northern margin of the basin. Together with evidence for faulting shown on the seismic profiles, we infer that simultaneous deformation within the Qilian Shan and Altyn Tagh Shan during the Paleogene resulted in accumulation of coarse detrital deposits in the northwestern and northeastern Qaidam basin. The simultaneous deformation within the Altyn Tagh Shan and Qilian Shan since the Paleogene supports the idea that deformation in these two regions is kinematically linked. One‐load and two‐load beam flexural modeling indicate that the topographic load generated by both the Eastern Kunlun Shan and the Qilian Shan is responsible for the subsidence of the Qaidam basin during deposition of the Lulehe Formation. Our results highlight the initial relative high topography in the northern Tibetan plateau during the early Cenozoic

Published
2019
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50. Response to Comment on 'Insulator-metal transition in dense fluid deuterium'

Author

Russell J. Hemley, R. Stewart McWilliams, Nathan Meezan, Paul Loubeyre, Marius Millot, Sebastien Le Pape, Gilbert Collins, Jon Eggert, J. Luc Peterson, Dayne Fratanduono, Raymond Jeanloz, Stephanie Brygoo, Peter M. Celliers, J. Ryan Rygg, Alexander F. Goncharov, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University of Edinburgh, University of Rochester [USA], Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], University of California [Berkeley], University of California, Georgetown University [Washington] (GU), U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344], Carnegie Institution for Science, University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), and University of California (UC)

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Isentropic process, Insulator (electricity), 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Metal, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Deuterium, visual_art, 0103 physical sciences, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Temperature drop, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

In their comment, Desjarlais et al . claim that a small temperature drop occurs after isentropic compression of fluid deuterium through the first-order insulator-metal transition. We show that their calculations do not correspond to the experimental thermodynamic path, and that thermodynamic integrations with parameters from first-principles calculations produce results in agreement with our original estimate of the temperature drop.

Published
2019
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