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Citation suggérée : Anses. (2022). Analyse des risques pour la santé humaine et animale liés aux tiques du genreHyalomma en France. (Saisine 2020-SA-0039). Maisons-Alfort : Anses, 300 p.; Les populations de tiques du genre Hyalomma sont considérées en augmentation sur unepartie de leur aire de répartition, qui semble s'étendre en Europe depuis la fin du XXe siècle.La tique Hyalomma marginatum est présente en Corse depuis plusieurs décennies (Grech-Angelini et al. 2016). Hyalomma marginatum est considérée comme une espèce de tique invasive en France continentale, de récentes publications confirmant son installation sur le littoral méditerranéen (Vial et al. 2016; Stachurski et Vial 2018; Bahet al. 2022). D’autres espèces de Hyalomma sont également présentes en France, H. scupense en Corse (Grech-Angelini , 2016) et sur le continent (Vial et Stachurski, comm. pers.), et des données récentes montrent que H. lusitanicum serait également installée en France continentale (Stachurski, comm. pers.).Cette évolution est préoccupante, car ces tiques sont vectrices de nombreux agents pathogènes responsables de maladies pour l’être humain (notamment du virus de la fièvre hémorragique de Crimée-Congo – FHCC – ou de Rickettsies) et de maladies animales (notamment Babesia caballi responsable de la piroplasmose équine).Le virus de la FHCC (CCHFV) est responsable, chez l’être humain, de flambées de fièvre hémorragique sévère, dont le taux de létalité varie de 5 à près de 30 % (Spengler, Bergeron,et Spiropoulou 2019). Une séroprévalence du CCHFV de l’ordre de 10 % aurait récemment été mise en évidence chez les ruminants domestiques en Corse, sans qu’aucun cas humain n’ait encore été observé (Grech-Angelini et al. 2020). En 2016, deux cas autochtones de FHCC ont été confirmés à Madrid (Negredo et al. 2017), pour la première fois en Europe de l’Ouest.Une étude rétrospective, menée en 2020, a montré qu'un cas de FHCC était survenu dans la même province en 2013 (Negredo et al 2021). Depuis, des cas de FHCC, dont certains mortels, sont rapportés quasiment tous les ans en Espagne (2018, 2020, 2021, 2022). De plus, la circulation du virus est en recrudescence dans la région des Balkans et en Turquie.Aussi, l’Anses s’est autosaisie le 4 mars 2020 pour analyser les risques pour la santé humaineet animale liés aux tiques du genre Hyalomma en France.

International audience; In France, the horsemeat market has been declining for about 50 years and has become a specialized market. Our study aims to understand this decline with regard to the drivers and practices of consumers and non-consumers of this meat, in order to estimate the potential for this market development. To study horsemeat consumption, we analyze two sets of data: two large-scale surveys carried out on the French general population, and one ad-hoc survey focusing more specifically on the representations of horses and horsemeat. Our results underline the potential for increasing horsemeat consumption from a sustainability perspective. The question of moral acceptance remains a determining factor in the consumption of this meat. Once this factor is taken into account, horsemeat appears relevant in the diversification of animal protein consumption because of its particular nutritional and environmental properties and similar culinary use to that of other red meats. Horsemeat can thus lay claim to becoming a sustainable alternative to beef consumption.

This narrative review was conducted by the ad hoc subgroup from the working expert group on the risks related to Hyalomma ticks at the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) commissioned by the French authorities.; International audience; Current and likely future changes in the geographic distribution of ticks belonging to the genus Hyalomma are of concern, as these ticks are believed to be vectors of many pathogens responsible for human and animal diseases. However, we have observed that for many pathogens there are no vector competence experiments, and that the level of evidence provided by the scientific literature is often not sufficient to validate the transmission of a specific pathogen by a specific Hyalomma species. We therefore carried out a bibliographical study to collate the validation evidence for the transmission of parasitic, viral, or bacterial pathogens by Hyalomma spp. ticks. Our results show that there are very few validated cases of pathogen transmission by Hyalomma tick species.

International audience

International audience; Heterogeneous photocatalysis has been increasingly investigated during the past years and has been recognized as a promising technique for clean and safe water purification. The current study exploits the advantage of this technique demonstrating that the removal of a biorefractory water pollutant named clofibric acid can be really improved by photocatalysis through a parametric comprehensive investigation and optimization study based on response surface methodology. Its novelty comes from the approach used to enhance the efficiency of the photocatalytic degradation of clofibric acid. A custom central composite design consisting of 49 trials was applied for process modeling and a quadratic robust model was derived based on the analysis of variance for the optimization of the process parameters. The effective removal of the target molecule with about 70% carbon mineralization was achieved under optimal photocatalytic conditions: 1.5 mg/L as the initial concentration of pollutant, 0.61 g/L catalyst, and an irradiation time of 190 min. Further, it was provided that nitrates play a positive role in the removal of this pollutant, while hydrogenocarbonates slow down its elimination. The ecotoxicity evaluation at different trophic levels confirmed the low toxicity of photodegradation by-products. Data analysis demonstrated that response surface methodology is a reliable approach for the optimization of the interactive effects of photocatalytic process parameters and is able to enhance their performance for the complete elimination of this hardly removed water pollutant.

International audience; In the context of interactive theorem provers based on a dependent type theory, automation tactics (dedicated decision procedures, call of automated solvers, ...) are often limited to goals which are exactly in some expected logical fragment. This very often prevents users from applying these tactics in other contexts, even similar ones. This paper discusses the design and the implementation of pre-processing operations for automating formal proofs in the Coq proof assistant. It presents the implementation of a wide variety of predictible, atomic goal transformations, which can be composed in various ways to target different backends. A gallery of examples illustrates how it helps to expand significantly the power of automation engines.

Atmospheric composition measurements taken at many high-altitude stations around the world, aim to collect data representative of the free troposphere and of an intercontinental scale. However, the high-altitude environment favours vertical mixing and the transportation of air masses at local or regional scales, which has a potential influence on the composition of the sampled air masses. Mixing processes, source-receptor pathways, and atmospheric chemistry may strongly depend on local and regional weather regimes, and these should be characterized specifically for each station. The Pic du Midi (PDM) isa mountaintop observatory (2850 m a.s.l.) on the north side of the Pyrenees. PDM is associated with the Centre de Recherches Atmosph{\'e}riques (CRA), a site in the foothills ar 600 m a.s.l. 28 km north-east of the PDM. The two centers make up the Pyrenean Platform for the Observation of the Atmosphere (P2OA). Data measured at PDM and CRA were combined to form a5-year hourly dataset of 23 meteorological variables notably: temperature, humidity, cloud cover, wind at several altitudes. The dataset was classified using hierarchical clustering, with the aim of grouping together the days which had similar meteorological characteristics. To complete the clustering, we computed several diagnostic tools, in order to provide additional information and study specific phenomena (foehn, precipitation, atmospheric vertical structure, and thermally driven circulations). This classification resulted in six clusters: three highly populated clusters which correspond to the most frequent meteorological conditions (fair weather, mixed weather and disturbed weather, respectively); a small cluster evidencing clear characteristics of winter northwesterly windstorms; and two small clusters characteristic of south foehn (south- to southwesterly large-scaleflow, associated with warm and dry downslope flow on the lee side of the chain). The diagnostic tools applied to the six clusters provided results in line with the conclusions tentatively drawn from 23 meteorological variables. This, to some extent,validates the approach of hierarchical clustering of local data to distinguish weather regimes. Then statistics of atmospheric composition at PDM were analysed and discussed for each cluster. Radon measurements, notably, revealed that the regional background in the lower troposphere dominates the influence of diurnal thermal flows when daily averaged concentrations are considered. Differences between clusters were demonstrated by the anomalies of CO, CO$_2$, CH$_4$, O$_3$ and aerosol number concentration, and interpretations in relation with chemical sinks and sources are proposed., Comment: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, In press

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International audience; The perinatal exposome can modify offspring metabolism and health later in life. Within this concept, maternal exercise during gestation has been reported modifying offspring glucose sensing and homeostasis, while the impact of such exercise during lactation is little-known. We thus aimed at evaluating short-and long-term effects of it on offspring pancreatic function, assuming a link with changes in breast milk composition. Fifteen-week-old primiparous female Wistar rats exercised during lactation at a constant submaximal intensity (TR) or remained sedentary (CT). Male offspring were studied at weaning and at 7 months of age for growth, pancreas weight, glycemia and insulin responses. Milk protein content was determined by the bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA colorimetric method), and lipid content and fatty acid composition by gas chromatography. Mature milk from TR rats contained significantly less saturated (-7%) and more monounsaturated (+18%) and polyunsaturated (PUFA +12%) fatty acids compared to CT rats, with no difference in total lipid and protein concentrations. In offspring from TR vs CT mothers, fasting glycemia was lower, pancreas weight was higher with a lower insulin content (-37%) at weaning. Such outcomes were correlated with milk PUFA levels and indices of desaturase or elongase activities. These effects were no longer present at 7 months, whereas a more efficient muscle insulin sensitivity was observed. Maternal training during lactation led to a specific milk phenotype that was associated with a short-term impact on glucose homeostasis and pancreatic function of the male offspring.

International audience; Background and AimsTOTUM-63, a fibre and polyphenol rich plant-based composition, has been demonstrated to significantly improve body weight and glucose homeostasis in animal models of obesity. Our study aimed at exploring whether the mechanisms include modulation of gut (glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), glucagon-like petide-1 (GLP-1), cholecystokinin (CCK), peptide YY (PYY)) and pancreatic (insulin, glucagon) hormones, all important regulators of glucose control, appetite and body weight.Methods and ResultsMale C57BL/6JRJ mice were assigned to either standard chow (CON), high fat diet (HF, 60% energy from fat) or HF-TOTUM-63 (HF diet 60% supplemented with TOTUM-63 2.7%) for 10 weeks. In vivo glucose homeostasis (oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), intraperitoneal pyruvate tolerance test (ipPTT)), glucose-induced portal vein hormone concentration, gut hormone gene expression and protein content as well as enteroendocrine cell contents were assessed at the end of the dietary intervention. The present study evidenced that TOTUM-63 reduced food intake, limited weight gain and improved glucose and pyruvate tolerance of HF-fed animals. This was associated with an increase in PYY content in the colon, an altered pattern of PYY secretion between fasted and glucose-stimulated states, and with a significant improvement in the portal vein concentration of GLP-1, insulin and glucagon, but not GIP and CCK, in response to glucose stimulation.ConclusionOverall, these data suggest that TOTUM-63 might have a specific impact on gut L-cells and on the expression and secretion of GLP-1 and PYY incretins, potentially contributing to the reduced food intake, body weight gain and improved glucose homeostasis.

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are the only gateways between the nucleus and cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells. They restrict free diffusion to molecules below 5 nm while facilitating the active transport of selected cargoes, sometimes as large as the pore itself. This versatility implies an important pore plasticity. Recently, cryo-EM and AI-based protein modeling revealed with acute precision how most NPC constituents are arranged. But the basket, a fish trap-like structure capping the nucleoplasmic side of the pore, remains the missing piece in this puzzle. Here by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) coupled to Single Molecule Localization Microscopy (SMLM) we revealed that the basket is very soft and explores a large conformational landscape: apart from its canonical shape, it dives into the central pore channel or opens, with filaments reaching to the pore sides. Our observations enlighten how this structure can adapt and let morphologically diverse cargoes shuttling through NPCs.

International audience

International audience

International audience

It is commonly accepted that public transportation is a sensitive space for public safety policies, which have paid increasing attention to these networks since the end of the 1970s. As talks of "insecurity" and the measures implemented against it kept increasing, the organizations and people formally involved into a daily implementation of policing have multiplied. The world of public transportation has not escaped this "pluralization of policing", and it's mechanisms and effects on the organizations involved remain insufficiently understood. How do the different policing actors interact and integrate? How are the requirements resulting from the multilateralization of this activity differently perceived, received, retranslated, and integrated by the workers responsible for their execution? In other words, what are the conditions of the division of policing labor in the contemporary age? Through the restitution of a long fieldwork carried out with various organizations responsible for safety in public transportation in the Lyon area, this thesis proposes to understand this space as being within a "local policing field", and to understand the consequences in terms of structural analysis of the activity.; Il est communément admis que les transports publics urbains constituent un espace sensible pour les politiques de sécurité publique, qui portent une attention croissante à ces réseaux depuis la fin des années 1970. Dans le cadre d’une progression continue des discours sur l’« insécurité » et des mesures pour y répondre, les organisations et personnes formellement impliquées dans la production sécuritaire au quotidien se sont multipliées. L’univers des transports en commun n’a pas échappé à cette « pluralisation du policing », dont les ressorts et les effets sur les organisations impliquées demeurent insuffisamment compris. Comment interagissent et s'intègrent les différents acteurs en charge de l’activité sécuritaire ? Comment les prescriptions issues de la multilatéralisation de cette activité sont-elles différemment perçues, reçues, retraduites, et intégrées par les personnels chargés de son exécution ? En d’autres termes, quelles sont les conditions de la division du travail sécuritaire à l’ère contemporaine ? Par la restitution d’un long travail de terrain mené auprès de différentes organisations chargées de la sécurité dans les transports en commun de l’agglomération lyonnaise, cette thèse propose de comprendre cet espace comme étant pris au sein d’un « champ sécuritaire local », et d’en tirer toutes les conséquences en termes d’analyse structurale de l’activité.

International audience

Volume coordonné par Anne Debrosse et Isabelle Jouteur; International audience

Les trois récits présentent des trajectoires de femmes depuis l’enfance (Le Freine, Emaré) jusqu’à la maternité (Emaré) et soulignent la dépendance des destins féminins par rapport aux trajectoires masculines : Le Freine se conçoit comme la maîtresse de Guroun, Heurodis se définit principalement comme l’épouse d’Orfeo et un enjeu du conflit entre Orfeo et le roi des fées, tandis qu’Emaré, entre deux errances, trouve son statut dans son rôle de fille, d’épouse, puis de mère. Les lais bretons présentent ainsi des figures d’enfermement dans lesquels les héroïnes endurent des formes de claustration parfois extrême, aux dimensions à la fois sociales, psychologiques et très concrètes (l’espace des femmes se restreint au couvent, au verger, à l’étroit espace du bateau). Dans l’ensemble des récits toutefois, le récit progresse et prend son sens par la mise en tension de ces enfermements, alors que les héroïnes font grincer la mécanique de la claustration et opposent des formes de résistance, souvent silencieuses ou discrètes, aux programmations conservatrices portées par la narration. Dans un genre qui se conçoit lui-même comme un genre clos, fermé sur lui-même, enserré dans le cercle de sa définition comme lai breton, affirmé tant au début qu’à la fin du récit, le cercle étroit tend ainsi à se faire spirale à l’ouverture ambiguë vers un ailleurs de la claustration.

Les trois récits présentent des trajectoires de femmes depuis l’enfance (Le Freine, Emaré) jusqu’à la maternité (Emaré) et soulignent la dépendance des destins féminins par rapport aux trajectoires masculines : Le Freine se conçoit comme la maîtresse de Guroun, Heurodis se définit principalement comme l’épouse d’Orfeo et un enjeu du conflit entre Orfeo et le roi des fées, tandis qu’Emaré, entre deux errances, trouve son statut dans son rôle de fille, d’épouse, puis de mère. Les lais bretons présentent ainsi des figures d’enfermement dans lesquels les héroïnes endurent des formes de claustration parfois extrême, aux dimensions à la fois sociales, psychologiques et très concrètes (l’espace des femmes se restreint au couvent, au verger, à l’étroit espace du bateau). Dans l’ensemble des récits toutefois, le récit progresse et prend son sens par la mise en tension de ces enfermements, alors que les héroïnes font grincer la mécanique de la claustration et opposent des formes de résistance, souvent silencieuses ou discrètes, aux programmations conservatrices portées par la narration. Dans un genre qui se conçoit lui-même comme un genre clos, fermé sur lui-même, enserré dans le cercle de sa définition comme lai breton, affirmé tant au début qu’à la fin du récit, le cercle étroit tend ainsi à se faire spirale à l’ouverture ambiguë vers un ailleurs de la claustration.

National audience; Nous présentons une nouvelle tactique Coq (snipe) permettant de prouver automatiquement des butsCoq en les envoyant à des prouveurs automatiques externes du premier ordre via des plugins. Pour ce faire, la tactique snipe réduit le but à un énoncé du premier ordre et enrichit le contexte local avec des énoncés explicitant pour le prouveur la sémantique du but. Nous combinons des transformations modulaires et indépendantes permettant chacune de réduire un aspect spécifique du langage de Coq au langage (plussimple) d’un prouveur automatique. A l’heure actuelle, snipe utilise des transformations simples mais cruciales qui explicitent des définitions et des types algébriques. Ceci permet de prouver automatiquementdes buts mêlant raisonnement au premier ordre, types de données et polymorphisme. Ce prototype de tactique automatique est un premier pas vers l’implantation et la combinaison de transformations plus complexes, qui rendront Coq plus facile d’accès.

International audience

International audience

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National audience

National audience; Afin de mieux connaître le profil, l’organisation, les besoins et les attentes des cavaliers «hors structure», la Fédération Française d’Equitation participe à un projet de recherche, en partenariat avec l’Institut Français du Cheval et de l’Équitation (IFCE) et l’Institut National de la Recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (INRAE).

Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick-borne disease caused by Babesia caballi and Theileria equi that is potentially emerging in non-endemic countries. We conducted a descriptive study to investigate EP prevalence and spatial distribution in an endemic region: the Camargue and the Plain of La Crau in France. In spring 2015 and 2016, we carried out sampling at stables (total n = 46) with a history of horses presenting chronic fever or weight loss. Overall, we collected blood from 632 horses, which were also inspected for ticks; these horses had been housed in the target stables for at least 1 year. We obtained 585 ticks from these horses and described land use around the stables. Real-time PCR was employed to assess T. equi and B. caballi prevalence in the horses and in the ticks found on the horses. For the horses, T. equi and B. caballi prevalence was 68.6% and 6.3%, respectively. For the ticks found on the horses, prevalence was 28.8% for T. equi and 0.85% for B. caballi. The most common tick species were, in order of frequency, Rhipicephalus bursa, R. sanguineus sl., Hyalomma marginatum, Haemaphysalis punctata, and Dermacentor sp. Horses bearing Rhipicephalus ticks occurred in wetter zones, closer to agricultural areas, permanent crops, and ditches, as well as in drier zones, in the more northern countryside. Compared to horses bearing R. bursa, horses bearing R. sanguineus sl. more frequently occurred near the Rhone River. Prevalence of T. equi in the ticks was as follows: Hyalomma marginatum (43%), Dermacentor sp. (40%), R. bursa (33%), R. sanguineus sl. (19%), and Haemaphysalis punctata (17%). In contrast, B. caballi only occurred in Dermacentor sp. (20%) and R. bursa (1%).

International audience; Imeglimin is an investigational first-in-class novel oral agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Several pivotal phase III trials have been completed with evidence of statistically significant glucose lowering and a generally favourable safety and tolerability profile, including the lack of severe hypoglycaemia. Imeglimin's mechanism of action involves dual effects: (a) amplification of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and preservation of β-cell mass; and (b) enhanced insulin action, including the potential for inhibition of hepatic glucose output and improvement in insulin signalling in both liver and skeletal muscle. At a cellular and molecular level, Imeglimin's underlying mechanism may involve correction of mitochondrial dysfunction, a common underlying element of T2D pathogenesis. It has been observed to rebalance respiratory chain activity (partial inhibition of Complex I and correction of deficient Complex III activity), resulting in reduced reactive oxygen species formation (decreasing oxidative stress) and prevention of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening (implicated in preventing cell death). In islets derived from diseased rodents with T2D, Imeglimin also enhances glucose-stimulated ATP generation and induces the synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) via the 'salvage pathway'. In addition to playing a key role as a mitochondrial co-factor, NAD+ metabolites may contribute to the increase in GSIS (via enhanced Ca++ mobilization). Imeglimin has also been shown to preserve β-cell mass in rodents with T2D. Overall, Imeglimin appears to target a key root cause of T2D: defective cellular energy metabolism. This potential mode of action is unique and has been shown to differ from that of other major therapeutic classes, including biguanides, sulphonylureas and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists.

La version équine de CAP’2ER® (Calcul Automatisé des Performances Environnementales pour des Exploitations Responsables) a été développée par l’IFCE, l’IDELE et l’INRAE en 2020. Basé sur la méthodologie de l’Analyse de Cycle de Vie, cet outil vise à : (1) sensibiliser à la prise en compte des impacts environnementaux d’une structure équine (positifs et négatifs), (2) évaluer l’empreinte environnementale (émissions de gaz à effet de serre, consommation d’énergie fossile…), (3) situer les structures par rapport à un groupe d’exploitations, et mettre en place un plan d’action personnalisé.Des tests sur le terrain, réalisés en 2021 sur 39 structures équines, permettent d’esquisser des premières tendances : un équidé émet en moyenne 1 482 kg eq. CO2 en un an, dont 62 % est dû au CO2 émis indirectement via l’achat d’intrants (fourrages, céréales, paille). Des leviers d’action peuvent être utilisés pour réduire ce poste d’émission, comme réaliser un bilan de la ration pour s’assurer qu’elle est équilibrée.

National audience; Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude qualitative menée auprès des professionnels de la filière équine pour mieux connaître leur point de vue concernant les pratiquants « Hors Structure » et les relations qui existent entre ces deux populations.

International audience; The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is expected to exceed 642 million people by 2040. Metformin is a widely used biguanide T2D therapy, associated with rare but serious events of lactic acidosis, in particular with predisposing conditions (e.g., renal failure or major surgery). Imeglimin, a recently approved drug, is the first in a new class (novel mode of action) of T2D medicines. Although not a biguanide, Imeglimin shares a chemical moiety with Metformin and also modulates mitochondrial complex I activity, a potential mechanism for Metformin-mediated lactate accumulation. We interrogated the potential for Imeglimin to induce lacticacidosis in relevant animal models and further assessed differences in key mechanisms known for Metformin's effects. In a dog model of major surgery, Metformin or Imeglimin (30-1000 mg/kg) was acutely administered, only Metformin-induced lactate accumulation and pH decrease leading to lactic acidosis with fatality at the highest dose. Rats with gentamycin-induced renal insufficiency received Metformin or Imeglimin (50-100 mg/kg/h), only Metformin increased lactatemia and H+ concentrations with mortality at higher doses. Plasma levels of Metformin and Imeglimin were similar in both models. Mice were chronically treated with Metformin or Imeglimin 200 mg/kg bid. Only Metformin produced hyperlactatemia after acute intraperitoneal glucose loading. Ex vivo measurements revealed higher mitochondrial complex I inhibition with Metformin versus slight effects with Imeglimin. Another mechanism implicated in Metformin's effects on lactate production was assessed: in isolated rat, liver mitochondria exposed to Imeglimin or Metformin, only Metformin (50-250 µM) inhibited the mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (mGPDH). In liver samples from chronically treated mice, measured mGPDH activity was lower with Metformin versus Imeglimin. These data indicate that the risk of lactic acidosis with Imeglimin treatment may be lower than with Metformin and confirm that the underlying mechanisms of action are distinct, supporting its potential utility for patients with predisposing conditions.

Rationale: Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is one of the main features of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Recent findings indicate that hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) promotes cardiomyocytes apoptosis during chronic IH, but the mechanisms involved remain to be elucidated. Here, we hypothesize that IH-induced ER stress is associated with mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) alteration and mitochondrial dysfunction, through HIF-1 activation. Methods: Right atrial appendage biopsies from patients with and without SDB were used to determine HIF-1α, Grp78 and CHOP expressions. Wild-type and HIF-1α+/− mice were exposed to normoxia (N) or IH (21–5% O2, 60 cycles/h, 8 h/day) for 21 days. Expressions of HIF-1α, Grp78 and CHOP, and apoptosis, were measured by Western blot and immunochemistry. In isolated cardiomyocytes, we examined structural integrity of MAM by proximity ligation assay and their function by measuring ER-to-mitochondria Ca2+ transfer by confocal microscopy. Finally, we measured mitochondrial respiration using oxygraphy and calcium retention capacity (CRC) by spectrofluorometry. MAM structure was also investigated in H9C2 cells incubated with 1 mM CoCl2, a potent HIF-1α inducer. Results: In human atrial biopsies and mice, IH induced HIF-1 activation, ER stress and apoptosis. IH disrupted MAM, altered Ca2+ homeostasis, mitochondrial respiration and CRC. Importantly, IH had no effect in HIF-1α+/− mice. Similar to what observed under IH, HIF-1α overexpression was associated with MAM alteration in H9C2. Conclusion: IH-induced ER stress, MAM alterations and mitochondrial dysfunction were mediated by HIF-1; all these intermediate mechanisms ultimately inducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis. This suggests that HIF-1 modulation might limit the deleterious cardiac effects of SDB.

Comment évaluer l’impact économique d’un événement équestre sportif ? Et comment optimiser ses retombées économiques, sociales et environnementales ? L’outil ImpactsEvénement permet de répondre à ces questions par l’évaluation de l’impact économique et par l’obtention de préconisations personnalisées. Cet outil a été construit sur la base des résultats d’un programme de recherche mené en partenariat entre l’IFCE, l’INRAE, le CDES de Limoges et le CCN. Son objectif est d’aider les organisateurs d’événements équestres sportifs dans l’organisation de leurs manifestations et dans la valorisation de leurs retombées auprès des partenaires privés et publics.

International audience; Objective: To provide national guidelines for the management of women with severe preeclampsia. Design: A consensus committee of 26 experts was formed. A formal conflict of interest (COI) policy was developed at the onset of the process and enforced throughout. The entire guidelines process was conducted independently of any industrial funding. The authors were advised to follow the principles of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE®) system to guide assessment of quality of evidence. The potential drawbacks of making strong recommendations in the presence of low-quality evidence were emphasized. Methods: The last SFAR and CNGOF guidelines on the management of women with severe preeclampsia was published in 2009. The literature is now sufficient for an update. The aim of this expert panel guidelines is to evaluate the impact of different aspects of the management of women with severe preeclampsia on maternal and neonatal morbidities separately. The experts studied questions within 7 domains. Each question was formulated according to the PICO (Patients Intervention Comparison Outcome) model and the evidence profiles were produced. An extensive literature review and recommendations were carried out and analyzed according to the GRADE® methodology. Results: The SFAR/CNGOF experts panel provided 25 recommendations: 8 have a high level of evidence (GRADE 1±), 9 have a moderate level of evidence (GRADE 2±), and for 7 recommendations, the GRADE method could not be applied, resulting in expert opinions. No recommendation was provided for 3 questions. After one scoring round, strong agreement was reached between the experts for all the recommendations. Conclusions: There was strong agreement among experts who made 25 recommendations to improve practices for the management of women with severe preeclampsia.

International audience; Background: Several viruses belonging to the family Poxviridae can cause infections in humans and animals. In Corsica, livestock farming (sheep, goats, pigs, and cattle) is mainly mixed, leading to important interactions between livestock, wildlife, and human populations. This could facilitate the circulation of zoonotic diseases, and makes Corsica a good example for studies of tick-borne diseases.Objectives: To gain understanding on the circulation of poxviruses in Corsica, we investigated their presence in tick species collected from cattle, sheep, horses, and wild boar, and characterized them through molecular techniques.Methods: Ticks were tested using specific primers targeting conserved regions of sequences corresponding to two genera: parapoxvirus and orthopoxvirus.Results: A total of 3555 ticks were collected from 1549 different animals (687 cattle, 538 horses, 106 sheep, and 218 wild boars). They were tested for the presence of parapoxvirus DNA on one hand and orthopoxvirus DNA on the other hand using Pangeneric real-time TaqMan assays. Orthopoxvirus DNA was detected in none of the 3555 ticks. Parapoxvirus DNA was detected in 6.6% (36/544) of ticks collected from 23 cows from 20 farms. The remaining 3011 ticks collected from horses, wild boars, and sheep were negative. The infection rate in cow ticks was 8.0% (12/148) in 2018 and 6.0% (24/396) in 2019 (p = 0.57). Parapoxvirus DNA was detected in 8.5% (5/59) of Hyalomma scupense pools, 8.2% (15/183) of Hyalomma marginatum pools, and 6.7% (16/240) of Rhipicephalus bursa pools (p = 0.73). We successfully amplified and sequenced 19.4% (7/36) of the positive samples which all corresponded to pseudocowpox virus.Conclusions: Obviously, further studies are needed to investigate the zoonotic potential of pseudocowpox virus and its importance for animals and public health.

Over the past decade, consumers have been increasingly concerned about the living and slaughter conditions of farm animals. Consequently, animal production sectors seek to adapt to these expectations. In this context, this exploratory study that aims at analysing consumer behaviour in relation to messages relating to animal welfare on meat packaging. The purpose of this study is to participate in understanding the determinants of meat products’ purchase by consumers, in particular with regards to animal welfare, in order to enable the sector to better meet market expectations. The study adopts a qualitative approach and employs a two-step method. In the first step, projection interviews were conducted with consumers apart from the purchasing act in order to understand their representations of animal welfare and to identify the relevant themes for the second part of the work. Based on the identified themes, interviews in supermarkets were then conducted with other consumers when buying in order to understand the impact of the mentions related to animal welfare on the purchases actually made. The results allow to identify five consumer profiles with regard to animal welfare and to give advices in marketing., Depuis une dizaine d’années, les consommateurs sont de plus en plus préoccupés au sujet des conditions de vie et de mort des animaux d’élevage et les filières cherchent à répondre à ces attentes. Dans ce contexte, cette étude exploratoire vise à analyser les comportements des consommateurs vis-à-vis des mentions relatives au bien-être animal (BEA) sur les emballages de viande. Le but de cette étude est de participer à la compréhension des déterminants d’achat de produits carnés par les consommateurs, en particulier vis-à-vis du BEA afin d’apporter un éclairage pour l’adaptation des filières de production. L’étude adopte une approche qualitative et emploie une méthode en deux temps. Il s’agit dans un premier temps de mener des entretiens de projection avec des consommateurs en dehors de l’acte d’achat afin de comprendre leur représentation du BEA et d’identifier les thèmes pertinents à aborder pour la deuxième partie de l’étude. Il s’agit ensuite, grâce aux thèmes identifiés, de mener des entretiens en grande surface généraliste avec d’autres consommateurs au moment de l’acte d’achat pour comprendre l’impact, sur les achats réellement effectués, des mentions relatives au BEA sur les emballages de viandes et produits transformés de porc et poulet proposés en libre service. Les résultats permettent de distinguer cinq profils de consommateurs construits sur la base de leur prise en compte du BEA dans leur décision d’achat et d’apporter des contributions managériales.

National audience; Les cavaliers dits « hors structure » sont pratiquants, propriétaires ou gardiens d’équidés en dehors de toute structure équestre professionnelle. La FFE participe à un projet de recherche, en partenariat avec l’IFCE et l’Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), pour mieux connaître leur organisation, leurs besoins et leurs attentes.

La Commission équine de l’EAAP (European Federation of Animal Science) et l’European Horse Network (EHN) ont souhaité faire un point sur le système actuel d’identification des équidés et l’utilisation ou non de la viande chevaline pour la consommation humaine, au niveau européen. Le principal problème est décrit dans le règlement UE 2015/262 à la deuxième page, point 5, de l’introduction. « Les enquêtes menées par les états membres ont révélé que le document d’identification des équidés fait l’objet de fraudes importantes. Le principal risque qui en découle est la réintroduction illégale dans la chaîne alimentaire d’équidés auparavant exclus d’un abattage pour la consommation humaine et traités avec des médicaments non autorisés pour la production de viande. Suite à l’adoption de la décision 2000/68/CE (1) de la Commission, des milliers d’équidés ont été irréversiblement exclus de l’abattage destiné à la consommation humaine. Le manque d’alternatives à la détention à vie d’équidés superflus et indésirables, qui ont été exclus de l’abattage pour la consommation humaine, a conduit à des négligences et abandons ayant de graves conséquences sur la santé et le bien-être d’équidés. Cette situation a été exacerbée par le contexte économique actuel qui, dans de nombreux cas, rend inabordable l’entretien d’équidés retraités jusqu’à la fin de leur vie ». Dans ce contexte, une enquête a été menée en 2021 au niveau européen pour mieux comprendre la situation réelle dans différents pays.

Comment évaluer l’impact économique d’un événement équestre sportif ? Et comment optimiser ses retombées économiques, sociales et environnementales ? L’outil ImpactsÉvénement permet de répondre à ces questions par un calcul d’impact économique et l’obtention de préconisations personnalisées. Son objectif est d’aider les organisateurs d’événements équestres sportifs dans l’organisation de leurs manifestations et dans la valorisation de leurs retombées auprès des partenaires privés et publics.