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1. The Geological, Isotopic, Botanical, Invertebrate, and Lower Vertebrate Surroundings of Ardipithecus ramidus

Author

William K. Hart, Giday WoldeGabriel, Laurent Bremond, Doris Barboni, Raymonde Bonnefille, Brian S. Currie, Marie-Claude Jolly-Saad, Tim D. White, David DeGusta, Alison M. Murray, Stanley H. Ambrose, Paul R. Renne, Kathlyn M. Stewart, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Biotope, Geologic Sediments, Geological Phenomena, 010506 paleontology, Taphonomy, Ardipithecus ramidus, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Carbonates, Flowers, Environment, Oxygen Isotopes, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Paleontology, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Animals, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Invertebrate, Carbon Isotopes, geography, Multidisciplinary, Rift, geography.geographical_feature_category, Fossils, ved/biology, Temperature, Hominidae, Plants, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Invertebrates, Alluvial plain, Pedogenesis, Volcano, Vertebrates, Ethiopia, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Geology
Abstract

Sediments containingArdipithecus ramiduswere deposited 4.4 million years ago on an alluvial floodplain in Ethiopia’s western Afar rift. The Lower Aramis Member hominid-bearing unit, now exposed across a >9-kilometer structural arc, is sandwiched between two volcanic tuffs that have nearly identical40Ar/39Ar ages. Geological data presented here, along with floral, invertebrate, and vertebrate paleontological and taphonomic evidence associated with the hominids, suggest that they occupied a wooded biotope over the western three-fourths of the paleotransect. Phytoliths and oxygen and carbon stable isotopes of pedogenic carbonates provide evidence of humid cool woodlands with a grassy substrate.

Published
2009
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2. Asa Issie, Aramis and the origin of Australopithecus

Author

Stan Ambrose, Giday WoldeGabriel, Elisabeth S. Vrba, Raymond L. Bernor, Henry Gilbert, Yohannes Haile-Selassie, Antoine Louchart, Haruo Saegusa, Thomas Lehmann, Berhane Asfaw, Yonas Beyene, C. Owen Lovejoy, Gen Suwa, Brian S. Currie, Reiko T. Kono, Paul R. Renne, Hank Wesselman, William K. Hart, Leslea J. Hlusko, F. Clark Howell, Tim D. White, Jean-Renaud Boisserie, Autorité pour la recherche et la conservation du patrimoine culturel éthiopien Département d'archéologie et d'anthropologie, Musée national d'Éthiopie, Laboratoire de paléontologie, évolution, paléoécosystèmes, paléoprimatologie (PALEVOPRIM ), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Warwick Mathematics Institute (WMI), University of Warwick [Coventry], Laboratoire de géobiologie, biochronologie et paléontologie humaine (LGBPH), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of St Andrews [Scotland], Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, Yale University [New Haven], Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Paléobiodiversité et paléoenvironnements, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), PaleoEnvironnements et PaleobioSphere (PEPS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Time Factors, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Ardipithecus ramidus, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Zoology, Environment, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, Ardipithecus, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Chronospecies, Animals, Dentition, 0601 history and archaeology, Femur, History, Ancient, Phylogeny, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 060101 anthropology, Multidisciplinary, biology, Australopithecus anamensis, Geography, ved/biology, Fossils, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Paleontology, Hominidae, 06 humanities and the arts, biology.organism_classification, Biological Evolution, Australopithecus, Ethiopia, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Australopithecus afarensis, Sahelanthropus, Orrorin
Abstract

International audience; The origin of Australopithecus, the genus widely interpreted as ancestral to Homo, is a central problem in human evolutionary studies. Australopithecus species differ markedly from extant African apes and candidate ancestral hominids such as Ardipithecus, Orrorin and Sahelanthropus. The earliest described Australopithecus species is Au. anamensis, the probable chronospecies ancestor of Au. afarensis. Here we describe newly discovered fossils from the Middle Awash study area that extend the known Au. anamensis range into northeastern Ethiopia. The new fossils are from chronometrically controlled stratigraphic sequences and date to about 4.1–4.2 million years ago. They include diagnostic craniodental remains, the largest hominid canine yet recovered, and the earliest Australopithecus femur. These new fossils are sampled from a woodland context. Temporal and anatomical intermediacy between Ar. ramidus and Au. afarensis suggest a relatively rapid shift from Ardipithecus to Australopithecus in this region of Africa, involving either replacement or accelerated phyletic evolution.

Published
2006
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3. Stratigraphic, Chronological and Behavioural Contexts of Pleistocene Homo Sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia

Author

Shigehiro Katoh, Yonas Beyene, William K. Hart, Gen Suwa, Giday WoldeGabriel, Paul R. Renne, J. Desmond Clark, Henry Gilbert, Alban Defleur, Kenneth R. Ludwig, Berhane Asfaw, Tim D. White, Jean-Renaud Boisserie, Department of Integrative Biology & Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Department of Integrative Biology, Laboratoire de géobiologie, biochronologie et paléontologie humaine (LGBPH), and Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Primates, Pleistocene, Bouri Herto, Pléistocène moyen, Middle Awash, archéozoologie, Afar, Ruminantia, géochronologie, 03 medical and health sciences, Paleontology, Afrique, Homo sapiens idaltu, 0601 history and archaeology, éthologie, Ungulata, Middle Stone Age, Cetartiodactyla, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Perissodactyla, 030304 developmental biology, Vertebrata, 0303 health sciences, 060101 anthropology, Multidisciplinary, Crania, biology, Hominoidea, archéologie, Bouri Formation, Metazoa, 06 humanities and the arts, biology.organism_classification, taphonomie, Geography, Eukaryotae, Homo sapiens, Hippopotamus, Mammalia, Hippopotamidae, Afrique orientale, Cénozoïque, Néogène, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Acheulean, Ethiopie, (paléo)environnement
Abstract

Clarifying the geographic, environmental and behavioural contexts in which the emergence of anatomically modern Homo sapiens occurred has proved difficult, particularly because Africa lacked adequate geochronological, palaeontological and archaeological evidence. The discovery of anatomically modern Homo sapiens fossils at Herto, Ethiopia, changes this. Here we report on stratigraphically associated Late Middle Pleistocene artefacts and fossils from fluvial and lake margin sandstones of the Upper Herto Member of the Bouri Formation, Middle Awash, Afar Rift, Ethiopia. The fossils and artefacts are dated between 160,000 and 154,000 years ago by precise age determinations using the 40Ar/39Ar method. The archaeological assemblages contain elements of both Acheulean and Middle Stone Age technocomplexes. Associated faunal remains indicate repeated, systematic butchery of hippopotamus carcasses. Contemporary adult and juvenile Homo sapiens fossil crania manifest bone modifications indicative of deliberate mortuary practices.

Published
2003
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