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1. On-orbit Performance of the ISS-CREAM Calorimeter

Author

Ki Chun Kim, J P. Lundquist, L. Derome, T. Mernik, Min-Hyeok Kim, J. Wu, N. Anthony, H. B. Jeon, Jong Moon Park, HyoJung Hyun, Y. Amare, S. Jeong, L. Eraud, Hak Jun Kim, Y. S. Yoon, G.H. Choi, J. R. Smith, A. Gerrety, R. Takeishi, H.G. Huh, Z. Yin, H G. Zhang, L. Lutz, Ji Lee, M. Chung, L. Lu, J. F. Liang, I. H. Park, L. Hagenau, Y.S. Hwang, J. H. Han, J. A. Jeon, D. Angelaszek, B. Mark, A. Mechaca-Rocha, N. Picot-Clemente, O. Ofoha, M. H. Lee, R.P. Weinmann, Hun Kuk Park, M. Copley, S C. Kang, M. Nester, S. Rostsky, Hyeyoung Lee, P. Walpole, T. Tatoli, C. Lamb, C. Falana, Eun-Suk Seo, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and CREAM

Subjects
Materials science, Calorimeter (particle physics), Silicon, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, Scintillator, Tungsten, Tracking (particle physics), 7. Clean energy, Optics, chemistry, Fiber, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience; Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass for the International Space Station (ISS-CREAM) experi-ment is designed to study the composition and energy spectra of cosmic-ray particles from 10^12 to 10^15 eV. ISS-CREAM was launched and deployed to the ISS in August 2017. The ISS-CREAM payload employs a Silicon Charge Detector for charge measurements, Top and Bot-tom Counting Detector for electron-hadron separation and a low-energy trigger, a Boronated Scintillator Detector for additional electron-hadron separation, and a Calorimeter (CAL) for en-ergy measurements and a high-energy trigger. The CAL is constructed of 20 layers of tungsten plates interleaved with scintillating fiber ribbons read out by hybrid-photodiodes (HPDs) and densified carbon targets. Each CAL layer is made of 3.5 mm (1 X_0) thick tungsten plates alter-nating with fifty 0.5 mm thick and 1 cm wide scintillating fiber ribbons. Consecutive layers of fiber ribbons are installed orthogonal to each other. Energy deposition in the CAL determines the particle energy and provides tracking information to determine which segment(s) of the charge detectors to use for the charge measurement. Tracking for showers is accomplished by extrapolating each shower axis back to the charge detectors. The performance of the ISS-CREAM CAL during flight is presented.

Published
2019
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2. e/p Separation Study Using the ISS-CREAM Top and Bottom Counting Detectors

Author

B. Mark, M. Chung, M.H. Kim, R.P. Weinmann, M. Copley, M. Nester, Hyeyoung Lee, Jon Paul Lundquist, Y. Amare, S. Jeong, S. Rostsky, HyoJung Hyun, O. Ofoha, G.H. Choi, D. Angelaszek, Y.S. Hwang, A. Gerrety, L. Eraud, J. R. Smith, L. Hagenau, J. Wu, J.A. Jeon, R. Takeishi, Inkyu Park, M. H. Lee, C. Falana, H.G. Huh, J. H. Han, P. Walpole, Y. S. Yoon, L. Lutz, H. J. Kim, L. Derome, H. B. Jeon, S.C. Kang, Eun-Suk Seo, J. F. Liang, L. Lu, T. Mernik, Jong Moon Park, Z. Yin, Kwangmoo Kim, H G. Zhang, A. Mechaca-Rocha, N. Picot-Clemente, C. Lamb, T. Tatoli, H. Park, Joowon Lee, N. Anthony, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and ISS-CREAM

Subjects
Physics, Spacecraft, Proton, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Electron, Scintillator, 7. Clean energy, Photodiode, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, International Space Station, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience; Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass for the International Space Station (ISS-CREAM) is an experiment for studying the origin, acceleration, and propagation mechanisms of high-energy cosmic rays. The ISS-CREAM instrument was launched on the 14th of August 2017 to the ISS aboard the SpaceX-12 Dragon spacecraft. The Top and Bottom Counting Detectors (TCD/BCD) are parts of the ISS-CREAM instrument and designed for studying electron and gamma-ray physics. The TCD/BCD each consist of an array of 20 × 20 photodiodes on a plastic scintillator. The TCD/BCD can separate electrons from protons by using the difference between the shapes of electromagnetic and hadronic showers in the high energy region. The Boosted Decision Tree (BDT) method, which is a deep learning method, is used in this separation study. We will present results of the electron/proton separation study and rejection power in various energy ranges.

Published
2019
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3. On-orbit performance of the top and bottom counting detectors for the ISS-CREAM experiment on the international space station

Author

J.A. Jeon, Hyunghoon Kim, N. Picot-Clemente, Inkyu Park, R. Takeishi, R. Quinn, S. L. Nutter, Hyeyoung Lee, J. F. Liang, S. Morton, J.R. Smith, J. T. Link, Kwangmoo Kim, P. Walpole, O. Ofoha, L. Lutz, L. Eraud, S. I. Mognet, L. Hagenau, M. Nester, K. Cheryian, S. Im, G.H. Choi, J P. Lundquist, J. Wu, L. Derome, Y. Amare, Y. S. Yoon, S.C. Kang, M. H. Lee, Eun-Suk Seo, L. Lu, Arturo Alejandro Menchaca-Rocha, H. Park, Joowon Lee, S. Coutu, D. Angelaszek, M.H. Kim, HyoJung Hyun, R.P. Weinmann, N. Anthony, M. Copley, H.G. Huh, S. Jeong, John Mitchell, J. H. Han, H. B. Jeon, Y.S. Hwang, T. Mernik, Jong Moon Park, T. Anderson, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics::Medical Physics, Aerospace Engineering, Cosmic ray, Electron, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Acceleration, Computer Science::Hardware Architecture, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, International Space Station, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cosmic rays, Physics, Elemental composition, Calorimeter (particle physics), business.industry, Detector, TCD/BCD, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISS-CREAM, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Orbit (dynamics), General Earth and Planetary Sciences, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], CREAM
Abstract

International audience; The Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass (CREAM) instrument on the International Space Station (ISS) is an experiment to study origin, propagation, acceleration and elemental composition of cosmic rays. The Top Counting Detector (TCD) and Bottom Counting Detector (BCD) are parts of the detector suite of the ISS-CREAM experiment and are designed to separate electrons and protons for studying electron and gamma-ray physics. In addition, the TCD/BCD provide a redundant trigger to that of the calorimeter and a low energy trigger to the ISS-CREAM instrument. After launching, the TCD/BCD trigger was found to be working well. Also, the TCD/BCD have been stable and their hit positions were confirmed to be well matched with other detectors on board. We present the performance and status of the TCD/BCD in flight.

Published
2019
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4. The ISS-CREAM Silicon Charge Detector for identification of the charge of cosmic rays up to Z = 26: Design, fabrication and ground-test performance

Author

G. Hong, S.C. Kang, J. F. Liang, S. Morton, Kwangmoo Kim, J.R. Smith, Y. Amare, O. Ofoha, L. Derome, R. Quinn, N. Picot-Clemente, J. T. Link, L. Eraud, L. Hagenau, S. I. Mognet, John Mitchell, J. H. Han, H. J. Kim, G.H. Choi, T. Mernik, HyoJung Hyun, Inkyu Park, M. Nester, Jong Moon Park, S. L. Nutter, Y.S. Hwang, H. B. Jeon, D. Angelaszek, Hyeyoung Lee, Arturo Alejandro Menchaca-Rocha, T. Anderson, K. Cheryian, S. Im, J. Wu, H. Park, P. Walpole, M. H. Lee, Y. S. Yoon, Joowon Lee, J.A. Jeon, S. Jeong, N. Anthony, M.H. Kim, L. Lutz, R.P. Weinmann, M. Copley, H.G. Huh, Eun-Suk Seo, L. Lu, S. Coutu, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Silicon, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, International Space Station, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Silicon Charge Detector, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cosmic rays, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Charge (physics), ISS-CREAM, chemistry, business, Beam (structure), Space environment
Abstract

International audience; The Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass experiment for the International Space Station (ISS-CREAM) is a space-borne mission designed for the precision measurement of the energy and elemental composition of cosmic rays. The Silicon Charge Detector (SCD), placed at the top of the ISS-CREAM payload, consists of 4 layers. Each layer has 2688 silicon pixels and associated electronics arranged in such a fashion that its active detection area of 78.2 × 73.6 cm 2 is free of dead area. The foremost goal of the SCD is to efficiently and precisely measure the charge of cosmic rays passing through it. The 4-layer configuration was chosen to achieve the best precision in measuring the charge of cosmic rays within the constraints on the mass, volume and power allotted to it. The amount of material used for its support structure was minimized as well to reduce the chance of interactions of the cosmic ray within the structure. Given the placement of the SCD, its 4-layer configuration and the minimal amount of material in the cosmic-ray trajectory, the SCD is designed to measure the charge of cosmic rays ranging from protons to iron nuclei with excellent detection efficiency and charge resolution. We present the design and fabrication of the SCD as well as its performance during space environment tests which it underwent successfully. We also present its performance in charge measurement using heavy ions in a beam test at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research.

Published
2019
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5. The boronated scintillator detector of the ISS-CREAM experiment

Author

O. Ofoha, Arturo Alejandro Menchaca-Rocha, M.H. Kim, R.P. Weinmann, J.R. Smith, M. Copley, John Mitchell, N. Picot-Clemente, T. Anderson, Y. Amare, S. L. Nutter, Hyeyoung Lee, J. H. Han, Inkyu Park, S. Jeong, H. J. Kim, K. Cheryian, M. Nester, P. Walpole, H. B. Jeon, Y.S. Hwang, G.H. Choi, H. Park, J.A. Jeon, J. F. Liang, H.G. Huh, S. Morton, L. Eraud, L. Hagenau, Kwangmoo Kim, L. Derome, S. Coutu, J. Wu, HyoJung Hyun, D. Angelaszek, R. Quinn, S. I. Mognet, Y. S. Yoon, Joowon Lee, M. H. Lee, N. Anthony, L. Lutz, Eun-Suk Seo, L. Lu, S.C. Kang, S. Im, J.T. Link, T. Mernik, Jong Moon Park, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Hydrogen, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, Electron, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Nuclear physics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, 0103 physical sciences, International Space Station, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Boron, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation
Abstract

The Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass for the International Space Station (ISS-CREAM) instrument is a next-generation experiment for the direct detection and study of cosmic-ray nuclei and electrons. With a long exposure in low Earth orbit, the experiment will determine the particle fluxes and spectral details of cosmic-ray nuclei from hydrogen to iron, over an energy range of about 1 0 12 eV to > 1 0 15 eV, and of cosmic-ray electrons over an energy range of about 5 × 1 0 10 eV to > 1 0 13 eV. The instrument was deployed to the ISS in August 2017 on the SpaceX CRS-12 mission. We review the design, implementation and performance of one of the ISS-CREAM detector systems: a boron loaded scintillation detector used in discriminating electron-induced events from the much more abundant cosmic-ray nuclei.

Published
2019
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6. A simulation study of Top and Bottom Counting Detectors in ISS-CREAM experiment for cosmic ray electron physics

Author

J.A. Jeon, Joowon Lee, H. B. Jeon, Hyeyoung Lee, S. L. Nutter, Y.S. Hwang, L. Lutz, L. Derome, N. Anthony, I.J. Howley, Eun-Suk Seo, HyoJung Hyun, H.G. Huh, M.H. Kim, J. T. Link, D. Angelaszek, L. Eraud, R.P. Weinmann, S.C. Kang, M. Copley, J.R. Smith, Arturo Alejandro Menchaca-Rocha, Y. Amare, M. H. Lee, D.Y. Kim, H. Park, B. Yon, H. Arnold, N. Picot-Clemente, Hyunghoon Kim, Jong Moon Park, C. Ebongue, I. Faddis, M. Nester, S. Coutu, O. Ofoha, Inkyu Park, G.H. Choi, John Mitchell, P. Walpole, J. H. Han, S. Im, J. Wu, T. Anderson, S. Jeong, P. King, Y. S. Yoon, J. F. Liang, S. Morton, Kwangmoo Kim, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics::Medical Physics, satellite, cosmic radiation: energy, Aerospace Engineering, Cosmic ray, time-to-digital converter, Electron, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Nuclear physics, Time-to-digital converter, Acceleration, TDC/BCD, 0103 physical sciences, International Space Station, propagation, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, electron p, 010306 general physics, e/p Separation, Cosmic rays, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, energy: high, Detector, Gamma ray, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, electron: cosmic radiation, Astronomy and Astrophysics, showers, acceleration, ISS-CREAM, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, gamma ray, GEANT, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], CREAM
Abstract

International audience; The Cosmic Ray Energetics and Mass experiment at the International Space Station (ISS-CREAM) is developed for studying the origin, acceleration and propagation mechanism of high energy cosmic rays. The Top and Bottom Counting Detectors (TCD/BCD), sub-detectors of the ISS-CREAM instrument, are developed for electron/ γ -ray physics. The TCD/BCD help distinguish electrons from protons by comparing the hit and shower width distributions for electrons and protons. The e/p separation capability of the TCD/BCD is studied by using the GEANT3 simulation package, and optimal parameters for the e/p separation are obtained.

Published
2018
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7. Performance of the ISS-CREAM Calorimeter

Author

Joowon Lee, John Mitchell, R. Quinn, J. H. Han, Inkyu Park, N. Anthony, J. Wu, S. Jeong, H. B. Jeon, Hyeyoung Lee, Y. S. Yoon, S. Coutu, H. J. Kim, T. Mernik, J.R. Smith, G.H. Choi, HyoJung Hyun, L. Derome, H. Park, N. Picot-Clemente, M. Nester, Jong Moon Park, J. T. Link, M.H. Kim, Arturo Alejandro Menchaca-Rocha, O. Ofoha, L. Eraud, R.P. Weinmann, M. H. Lee, M. Copley, S.C. Kang, S. L. Nutter, D. Angelaszek, Eun-Suk Seo, Y.S. Hwang, J.A. Jeon, L. Lu, S. I. Mognet, L. Lutz, T. Anderson, K. Cheryian, H.G. Huh, L. Hagenau, J. F. Liang, S. Morton, Kwangmoo Kim, Y. Amare, S. Im, P. Walpole, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Large Hadron Collider, Materials science, Calorimeter (particle physics), business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, Tungsten, 7. Clean energy, Space launch, Optics, Pion, chemistry, International Space Station, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract

International audience; The Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass experiment for the International Space Station (ISS-CREAM) is scheduled for launch in 2017. It is designed to directly measure and identify theelemental composition of incident Galactic cosmic rays from a few hundred GeV to PeV energies.Such large energy range sensitivity is reached by using an electromagnetic sampling calorimeter(CAL) which measures the energy deposit of particle-induced showers. The CAL is composedof twenty layers of tungsten plates interleaved with scintillating fibers, and glued together usingepoxy-coated fiberglass to comply with space launch requirements. In August 2015, beam testmeasurements were performed at CERN to verify the performance of the CAL using layers ofepoxy-coated fiberglass placed between tungsten plates. The CAL response to electron and pionbeams and its performance are reported and compared with previous beam test configurations.

Published
2017
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8. Simulation Status of the Top and Bottom Counting Detectors for the ISS-CREAM Experiment

Author

J. T. Link, L. Derome, L. Hagenau, L. Eraud, T. Mernik, J. F. Liang, S. Morton, J. Wu, Y.S. Hwang, H. B. Jeon, Kwangmoo Kim, J.A. Jeon, M. H. Lee, Jong Moon Park, N Picot Clemente, Y. S. Yoon, S. L. Nutter, S. Coutu, H. Park, K. Cheryian, S. Im, Joowon Lee, HyoJung Hyun, N. Anthony, Eun-Suk Seo, Y. Amare, G.H. Choi, L. Lu, Inkyu Park, S. I. Mognet, P. Walpole, Hyeyoung Lee, John Mitchell, J. H. Han, O. Ofoha, S. Jeong, M.H. Kim, R.P. Weinmann, M. Copley, S.C. Kang, H.G. Huh, L. Lutz, T. Anderson, M. Nester, J.R. Smith, A Mechaca Rocha, H. J. Kim, D. Angelaszek, R. Quinn, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Proton, Calorimeter (particle physics), business.industry, Detector, Cosmic ray, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Photodiode, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, International Space Station, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Space environment
Abstract

International audience; The Cosmic-Ray Energetics And Mass (CREAM) instrument for the International Space Station (ISS) is a detector for studying the origin, acceleration and propagation mechanism of high-energy cosmic rays. The ISS-CREAM instrument is scheduled to launch in 2017 to the ISS. The Top and Bottom Counting Detectors (TCD/BCD) are designed for studying electron and gamma-ray physics. The TCD/BCD are composed of a plastic scintillator and an array of photodiodes The active detection areas of the TCD/BCD are 500 $\times$ 500 mm$^2$ and 600 $\times$ 600 mm$^2$, respectively. The TCD/BCD were completed in 2015 and passed the environmental tests for safety in a space environment. After finishing these tests, the TCD/BCD were integrated with the payload. The TCD is located between the carbon target of the ISS-CREAM instrument and the calorimeter, and the BCD is located below the calorimeter. The TCD/BCD can distinguish between electrons and protons by using the different shapes between electromagnetic and hadronic showers in the high-energy region. We study the TCD/BCD performance in various energy ranges by using GEANT3 simulation data. Here, we present the status of the electron and proton separation study with the TCD/BCD simulation.

Published
2017
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9. The Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass for the International Space Station (ISS-CREAM) Instrument

Author

Hyeyoung Lee, L. Hagenau, M.H. Kim, K. Cheryian, O. Ofoha, J. T. Link, N. Picot-Clemente, Eun-Suk Seo, R.P. Weinmann, M. Copley, L. Lu, J.A. Jeon, M. H. Lee, Joowon Lee, Arturo Alejandro Menchaca-Rocha, S. I. Mognet, S. Im, Inkyu Park, P. Walpole, N. Anthony, H. B. Jeon, J. Wu, Y. Amare, L. Lutz, Y. S. Yoon, T. Mernik, Laurent Derome, S. Coutu, Jong Moon Park, S. L. Nutter, J.R. Smith, T. Anderson, H. Park, H.G. Huh, H. J. Kim, L Eraud, G.H. Choi, D. Angelaszek, M. Nester, J. F. Liang, S. Morton, John Mitchell, J. H. Han, Kwangmoo Kim, S.C. Kang, Y.S. Hwang, HyoJung Hyun, S. Jeong, R. Quinn, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
electron, business.product_category, carbon: target, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, tungsten, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, satellite, Cosmic ray, Electron, Scintillator, nucleus: cosmic radiation, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, thermal, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, International Space Station, calorimeter, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, scintillation counter, Physics, Scintillation, Calorimeter (particle physics), cosmic radiation: spectrum, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, showers: spatial distribution, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, resolution, silicon, particle: interaction, electromagnetic, Rocket, interaction: length, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], CREAM, performance
Abstract

International audience; The Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass for the International Space Station (ISS-CREAM) instrument is designed and built to measure elemental spectra of cosmic-ray nuclei (1 ≤ Z ≤ 26) and electrons. It will measure energy of incident cosmic rays from 1011 to 10^15 eV with a tungsten/scintillator sampling calorimeter and densified carbon target with an interaction length of ~ 1 λL. A finely segmented, four-layer silicon charge detector will identify the elemental composition with a resolution of ~ 0.15e. The instrument is triggered by selectable, independent, and combined algorithms from the calorimeter and a scintillator-based counting detector on the top and bottom of the calorimeter. The counting detectors also provide separation of protons and electrons using differences in the shower shapes. A boronated scintillator detector provides additional e/p separation by looking at late scintillation light produced by a particle interacting in the calorimeter system. ISS-CREAM underwent vibrational, electromagnetic, thermal/vacuum, and telemetry systems tests at various NASA f acilities to qualify for rocket transportation and space operations. All testing and integration were completed and ISS-CREAM was delivered to NASA. It is now flight ready and waiting for launch on SpaceX-12 in 2017. ISS-CREAM integration, environmental qualification, and instrument performance will be presented.

Published
2017
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10. Proton and Helium Spectra from the CREAM-III Flight

Author

Hyeyoung Lee, J. A. Jeon, Tyler Anderson, Eun-Suk Seo, Antje Putze, K. C. Kim, J.T. Link, N. B. Conklin, Joowon Lee, Jian Wu, A. Barrau, S. Coutu, A. Menchaca-Rocha, S. I. Mognet, I. H. Park, M.H. Kim, Laurent Derome, Moo Hyun Lee, John Mitchell, J. H. Han, S. E. Lee, Y. S. Yoon, J. D. T. Smith, S. L. Nutter, N. Picot-Clemente, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie ( LPSC ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Proton, Silicon, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, charge: resolution, helium: energy spectrum, helium: spectrum, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Nuclear physics, Atmosphere, helium: nucleus, cosmic rays, 5/3, 0103 physical sciences, calorimeter, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Helium, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Range (particle radiation), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, silicon, Astronomy and Astrophysics, methods: data analysis, Calorimeter, cosmic radiation: primary, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, astroparticle physics, atmosphere, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], statistical, CREAM, balloons
Abstract

International audience; Primary cosmic-ray elemental spectra have been measured with the balloon-borne Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass (CREAM) experiment since 2004. The third CREAM payload (CREAM-III) flew for 29 days during the 2007–2008 Antarctic season. Energies of incident particles above 1 TeV are measured with a calorimeter. Individual elements are clearly separated with a charge resolution of ∼0.12 e (in charge units) and ∼0.14 e for protons and helium nuclei, respectively, using two layers of silicon charge detectors. The measured proton and helium energy spectra at the top of the atmosphere are harder than other existing measurements at a few tens of GeV. The relative abundance of protons to helium nuclei is 9.53 ± 0.03 for the range of 1 TeV/n to 63 TeV/n. This ratio is considerably smaller than other measurements at a few tens of GeV/n. The spectra become softer above ∼20 TeV. However, our statistical uncertainties are large at these energies and more data are needed.

Published
2017
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11. Design and construction of a Cherenkov imager for charge measurement of nuclear cosmic rays

Author

M. Marton, M. Brinet, D. Grondin, J.-P. Scordilis, Y. Sallaz-Damaz, B. Boyer, L. Lutz, Antje Putze, D. Fombaron, L. Derome, O. Bourrion, Y. S. Yoon, M. Buenerd, Jerome Bouvier, J.N. Périé, L. Eraud, J. L. Bouly, Eun-Suk Seo, A. Pelissier, Moo Hyun Lee, D. Bondoux, R. Foglio, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Ch. Bernard, S. Roudier, G. Damieux, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), CREAM, Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)

Subjects
Photomultiplier, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, Effective nuclear charge, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, CHERCAM, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), RICH, Mathematical Physics, Cherenkov radiation, Physics, Range (particle radiation), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Charge (physics), [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Radiator (engine cooling), business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, CREAM
Abstract

A proximity focusing Cherenkov imager called CHERCAM, has been built for the charge measurement of nuclear cosmic rays with the CREAM instrument. It consists of a silica aerogel radiator plane across from a detector plane equipped with 1,600 1" diameter photomultipliers. The two planes are separated by a ring expansion gap. The Cherenkov light yield is proportional to the charge squared of the incident particle. The expected relative light collection accuracy is in the few percents range. It leads to an expected single element separation over the range of nuclear charge Z of main interest 1 < Z < 26. CHERCAM is designed to fly with the CREAM balloon experiment. The design of the instrument and the implemented technical solutions allowing its safe operation in high altitude conditions (radiations, low pressure, cold) are presented., 24 pages, 19 figures

Published
2011
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12. CHERCAM: the Cherenkov imager of CREAM experiment

Author

B. Boyer, R. Bazer-Bachi, J. H. Han, O. Bourrion, Eun-Suk Seo, J.-P. Scordilis, L. Lutz, Y. Sallaz-Damaz, L. Eraud, M. Buénerd, L. Derome, J. Bouvier, M. Mangin-Brinet, R. Foglio, Y. S. Yoon, O. Ganel, S. Y. Zinn, A. Putze, A. Malinine, K. C. Kim, A. Barrau, M. H. Lee, L. Gallin-Martel, J. H. Yoo, Arturo Alejandro Menchaca-Rocha, P. Walpole, J.N. Périé, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), A. Bressan, S. Dalla Torre, B. Gobbo, F. Tessarotto, CREAM, Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Proton, Cherenkov detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Nuclear physics, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Cherenkov radiation, Physics, Range (particle radiation), Large Hadron Collider, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract

International audience; A Cherenkov imager, CHERCAM (CHERenkov CAMera), has been designed and built for the CREAM (Cosmic-Ray Energetic and Mass) balloon-borne experiment. The instrument will perform charge measurements of nuclear cosmic-ray over a range extending from proton to iron. It will achieve individual charge separation of the elements over this range [M. Buénerd, et al., in: 28th ICRC, Tsukuba, Japan, OG 1.5, 2003, p. 2157. [2]] (0:25 charge unit rms), allowing measurements of the energy spectra of individual elements by the CREAM instrument in the energy range from 1010 to 1015 eV. CHERCAM is a proximity focused imager, based on a dedicated mechanical structure, equipped with an n ¼ 1:05 silica aerogel radiator plane, separated by a 12 cm ring expansion gap from a photon detector plane consisting of a 1600 photomultiplier array, backed with dedicated front-end readout electronics. A prototype of the detector has been recently tested with 100 and 300 GeV/c Z ¼ 1 particle beams at CERN. The contribution reports on both the beam test results of the prototype, and of the counter performance in ground operation.

Published
2007
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13. Approaching the knee with direct measurements

Author

S. Coutu, S. Y. Zinn, Paolo Maestro, T. T. Brandt, Maria Grazia Bagliesi, A. Putze, S. P. Wakely, S. Minnick, Patrick Allison, Arturo Alejandro Menchaca-Rocha, P. J. Boyle, S. L. Nutter, Riccardo Zei, P. S. Marrocchesi, Eun-Suk Seo, N. B. Conklin, J. Wu, S. I. Mognet, Y. S. Yoon, O. Ganel, Michael DuVernois, Jeon Jin A, M. Buenerd, L. M. Barbier, S. W. Nam, A. Malinin, L. Derome, P. Walpole, S. P. Swordy, N. H. Park, M. Mangin-Brinet, J. H. Han, Gabriele Bigongiari, A. Barrau, Kwangmoo Kim, R. Bazer-Bachi, M. H. Lee, R. Sina, H. S. Ahn, L. Lutz, J. T. Childers, J. Yang, Y. Sallaz-Damaz, J. J. Beatty, Inkyu Park, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, K.S. Cheng, R. Engel, Y.Q. Ma, B. Pattison, Z.G. Yao and Q.Q. Zhu, and CREAM

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Payload, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Balloon, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Atmosphere, Particle acceleration, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Particle, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract

International audience; The Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass (CREAM) experiment was designed and constructed to push spectral measurements of individual cosmic-ray nuclei from H to Fe to energies approaching the “knee” in a series of balloon flights. A cumulative exposure of 70 days was achieved during two circumpolar flights in Antarctica in 2005 and 2006. Direct measurements at the top of the atmosphere allow event-by-event determination of the incident cosmic-ray particle charge and energy. The objective is to investigate whether and how the knee structure is related to the mechanisms of particle acceleration, propagation, and confinement. The recovered payload is being refurbished for its third flight, which is scheduled for launch in December 2007. The combination of sophisticated particle detectors and long duration balloon flight capabilities now promise high quality measurements over an energy range that was not previously accessible.

Published
2006
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