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Postprandial hyperlipemia is recognized as a major cardio-metabolic risk factor, recently linked to the co-absorption of pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharides with dietary lipids. This causes endotoxemia that is involved in the pathophysiology of obesity and insulin resistance, but to date the impact of food formulation is unknown. We tested a novel concept that endotoxin absorption can be modulated by fat emulsified structure in the meal, and potentially differently in obese vs. lean men. In a randomized controlled crossover study, eight normal-weight and eight obese age-matched healthy men ingested two isocaloric, isolipidic breakfasts of identical composition including 40 g of milk fat that was emulsified or unemulsified. Plasma- and chylomicron-endotoxemia and chylomicron-triglycerides were measured during 8 h after breakfast ingestion. After emulsion consumption, parallel to an enhanced chylomicronemia, obese subjects presented an early and sharp increase in chylomicron-endotoxemia at 60 min (P time = 0.02), which was higher than (i) after spread fat in obese subjects (P

Metabolic diseases of nutritional origin, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, are characterized by disordered lipid metabolism including postprandial hyperlipemia. Recent works suggest that the composition of dietary fat can modulate the kinetics of postprandial lipemia. In this context, polar lipids (PL) are of utmost importance in food formulation because of their multifunctionality and excellent emulsifying properties. Recently, interest has developed on potential beneficial metabolic effect of dietary PL, among which is improved lipid metabolism. In the present study, we hypothesized that (i) PL from different sources (vegetal vs animal) could have a different impact on postprandial lipemia and (ii) this could be linked to different digestive lipolysis due to emulsion interface. For this purpose, mice were administrated an oral gavage of triacylglycerols (TAG) emulsified with soybean PL or milk PL. The two emulsions presented similar initial lipid phase surface area (i.e. ~24m 2/g of lipid). After gavage, blood samples were collected. We observed higher plasma TAG and Free Fatty Acids (FFA) concentration s at 1 h in mice fed with the milk PL emulsion. Noteworthy, at 4 h plasma TAG and FFA concentrations were significantly lower for these mice suggesting that the kinetics of TAG-rich lipoproteins in plasma depends on the type of emulsifier. Additionally, the two emulsions were digestedin vitro using a static model of human digestion (gastric a nd intestinal phases of 60 minutes using simulated digestive fluids and porcine enzymes mainly). In the gastric phase, the hydrolysis kinetics of TAG were comparable however in the intestinal phase, the kinetics of lipolysis of the milk PL emulsion were faster than thesoybean PL emulsion. All together, these data suggest that the quality of PL have an impact on digestivelipolysis and postprandial lipemia