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Railway transport becomes a more popular transportation in many countries due to its large transport capacity, low energy consumption, and benign environment. The passenger train service planning is the key of the rail operations system to balance the transport service and the passenger demand. In this paper, we propose a mixed binary linear programming formulation for the passenger train service planning to optimize the train route, frequency, stop schedule, and passenger assignment simultaneously. In addition, we analyze the computational complexities of the model and develop a Benders decomposition algorithm with valid inequalities to solve this problem. Finally, our model and algorithm are tested on a real-world instance of the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway line. The computational results show that our approach can solve these problems within reasonable solution time and small optimality gaps (less than 2.5%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the bus network, key bus station failure can interrupt transfer lines, which leads to the low effectiveness of the whole network, especially during peak hours. Thus, identifying key stations in the bus network before the emergency occurs has a great significance to improve the response speed. In this paper, we proposed a new method considering station hybrid influence and passenger flow to identify key stations in the whole bus network. This method aims to measure the influence of bus stations while combining the topological structure of the bus network and dynamic bus stations passenger flow. The influence of bus stations was calculated based on the local structure of the network, which refines from finding the shortest paths with high computational complexity. To evaluate the performance of the method, we used the efficiency of the network and vehicle average speed at the station to examine the accuracy. The results show that the new method can rank the influence of bus stations more accurately and more efficiently than other complex network methods such as degree, H-index, and betweenness. On this basis, the key stations of the bus network of Beijing in China are identified out and the distribution characteristics of the key bus stations are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delays at bus stops have seriously affected the efficiency of bus operation and the improvement of level of services of public transportation and greatly influenced the preferences of passengers to choose bus services. In this paper, the analysis on arriving, dwell and leaving process of buses and the method to calculate bus delays at stops are proposed according to survey data from three bus routes in Beijing. Statistical analysis is then adopted respectively to evaluate average times that buses are docking at curbside and bay-style stops. Moreover, it is noted that different load factors of passengers in buses have significantly influenced the average boarding and alighting time per person. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed methods is illustrated through case studies. This study is crucial and helpful for the planners and operators to evaluate the efficiency and level of service of urban public transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]