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The aim of this project is to fabricate a highly stable Fe3O4-OA-MWCNT composite and its colloidal suspension in polyalphaolefin (PAO) base fluid for heat transfer applications. The nanocomposite was produced in three mass ratios (0.5 : 1, 1 : 1, and 1.5 : 1) to explore the concentration effects on the stability of the nanocomposite. XRD analysis and FTIR spectroscopy were conducted to inspect the phase and composition of the synthesized nanocomposite. The crystallite sizes (3.75 nm, 7.74 nm, and 7.52 nm) and dislocation densities of each composite were calculated, and it was revealed that the samples with high concentration of iron oxide nanoparticles showed small defects in their lattices. Dispersion stability of ferrofluids was also examined by natural deposition method for 365 days. The ferrofluids displayed high stability for more than one year with no sign of sedimentation. Thermal conductivity of the nanofluid was also measured via. A transient plane source method and a linear trend with slight deviation were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prime objective of the current study is to examine the effects of third-grade hybrid nanofluid with natural convection utilizing the ferro-particle Fe 3 O 4 and titanium dioxide TiO 2 and sodium alginate (SA) as a host fluid, flowing through vertical parallel plates, under the fuzzy atmosphere. The dimensionless highly nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations are computed adopting the bvp4c numerical approach. This is an extremely effective technique with a low computational cost. For validation, it is found that as the volume fraction of Fe 3 O 4 + TiO 2 hybrid nanoparticles rises, so does the heat transfer rate. The current and existing results with their comparisons are shown in the form of the tables. The present findings are in good agreement with their previous numerical and analytical results in a crisp atmosphere. The nanoparticles volume fraction of Fe 3 O 4 and TiO 2 is taken as uncertain parameters in terms of triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs) [0, 0.05, 0.1]. The TFNs are controlled by α − cut and the variability of the uncertainty is studied through triangular membership function (MF). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study especially concerns the investigation of the Couette flow and heat transfer with thermal radiation through an inclined channel. Single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and multiple-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) are nanoparticles embedded in the host fluid. The dimensionless highly nonlinear differential equations (DEs) are solved via numerical scheme bvp4c. The effects of the physical parameters on heat transfer are presented in the form of graphs. The results demonstrate that the heat transfer is enhanced by using solid particle frictions (SWCNT and MWCNT). The large estimation of a magnetic parameter declines the velocity component. The current and existing results with their comparisons are shown in the tabular form for the validation of our code. The current results are in good agreement with their existing results. Generally, fuzziness or uncertainty is inherent in modeling, analysis, and experimentation. Due to the uncertain environmental conditions, fuzziness broadly exists in various engineering heat transfer problems. In this work, the nanoparticles' volume fraction of the SWCNT and MWCNT is taken as uncertain parameters in terms of triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs). The TFNs are controlled by the α − cut which has less computational effort for analyzing the fuzziness or uncertainties. Also, a comparison between the SWCNT and MWCNT through the membership function and the variability of the uncertainty is studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]