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Extracting useful information from a large number of policy texts is a challenging and insufficiently discussed topic. Utilizing large sample policy texts and a method of machine learning, this study contributes to the research gap by systematically analyzing the temporal evolution and spatial differentiation of China's land policy from 1998 to 2018. A framework comprising six major themes of land policy, namely, "land development, land acquisition and demolition, cultivated land protection, land planning, land consolidation and utilization, and land confirmation and transfer" is first established, according to the theoretical and institutional background of land management. Based on this framework, the Latent Dirichlet Allocation analysis of more than 20,000 policy documents at different levels of government shows that, (1) temporally, the priority of land policy evolves with the spirit of the central document and the macropolitical and economic conditions and, (2) spatially, there are significant differences in land policies among provinces. Overall, the analysis of land policy documents shows the tradeoff between cultivated land protection and land development and also the emphasize on other topics, with the changes in land policy priorities in different periods and regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the unexpected output network SBM-DEA model, this study calculates the efficiency of marine science and technology, green efficiency of the marine economy, and comprehensive efficiency in 11 coastal provinces and cities in China from 2006 to 2017. The influencing factors of two-stage efficiency and comprehensive efficiency are tested by a panel tobit model. The results show that (1) the marine comprehensive efficiency in China from 2006 to 2017 is low, with an average of 0.581. The comprehensive efficiency has not achieved DEA effectiveness, because the efficiency of the first stage is less than 1. The green efficiency of the second stage is generally better than that of the first stage; and (2) among the influencing factors, the development level of the marine economy has a significant positive effect on the second-stage efficiency and comprehensive efficiency. Finally, the author suggests optimizing the input-output efficiency of marine scientific and technological resources, accelerating the transformation of marine scientific and technological achievements, and continuing to promote the development of the marine economy to improve the comprehensive efficiency of the marine economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language is a symbol reflecting ideas and is an important medium for people to realize information transfer and communication. Culture is all the material and spiritual wealth created during the historical development of human society. Language and culture are inseparable. When we learn a language, we must also understand the cultural content it contains. Learning English requires an understanding of the culture of British and American countries, and thus teachers must necessarily teach culture in the English classroom. At present, the software and hardware of Internet technology in our country have been developed in-depth, and the total amount of big data has been in the trend of growth, and China has officially entered the era of big data. This paper takes the reform of teaching mode of British and American culture courses as the main research object and explores how to build a diversified and blended teaching mode based on the existing teaching mode and integrating various online teaching resources under the premise of various technologies in the background of "big data." In order to accelerate the integration and optimization of such course resources, promote the development of theoretical teaching and practical teaching of such courses and improve students' professional ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous development of Internet of Things technology, this technology is not limited to the laboratory but is more and more applied in the process of commercialization. Large-scale machine communication is one of the three most important scenarios for 5G applications. Its features include larger uplink access, smaller data packets, higher device energy consumption requirements, lower device transmission speed, higher latency, and bursty communication. With the development of the Internet of Things in the 5G era, interpersonal interaction experience has been further optimized and welcomed by the market and adopt Qt/embedded multilayer menu design mode to improve our computer system interaction to facilitate the operation and Maintenance system. The software function of the human-computer interaction system has reached the expected result. By constructing the application of a human-computer interaction system in the analysis of regional tourism competitiveness, we analyze the temporal and spatial changes of tourism competitiveness in four major economic regions in China and combine multiple linear regression and geographic detector models to analyze China's tourism competitiveness. On this basis, we propose to further enhance the tourism competitiveness of areas with weak tourism development infrastructure and encourage potential tourism development areas to complement each other with high-quality resources between regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study of data collection and visualization application of VMware Workstation virtualization technology in university teaching management, data processing is performed by the SQLServer database processor using VMware Workstation virtualization technology, and finally the radial-based teaching comprehensive evaluation neural network index is used to calculate the quality of teaching management to China's teaching team is gradually balanced and the comprehensive quality of teaching team is improving; the academic atmosphere is more open; the fields and perspectives of academic research are richer; the distribution of teaching at all levels in China is more balanced, the comprehensive quality of teaching in China is improving, the system of education and scientific research in China's colleges and universities is improving, and the ecological management system of colleges and universities is improving, and so on. It is also proposed to improve the academic level and establish a strict institutional threshold for the teaching industry in colleges and universities; to effectively implement the policy of freedom and equality in academic and scholarly circles, and improve the system of teaching, principal appointment, and evaluation in higher education institutions; to insist on implementing the principle of academic fairness and optimizing the teaching evaluation system; to innovate and implement the incentive mechanism of teaching in colleges and universities according to the characteristics of talent training of teaching academic career ability; and to establish the access system of teaching career development in colleges and universities to promote academic career development and other suggestions of big data management of teaching in colleges and universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the number and scale of small, medium-sized, and micro enterprises have continued to increase, which is the main force to promote the development of China's national economy, the guarantee of China's rapid and stable economic development, and has a direct impact on social stability and people's livelihood. In China's economic growth, small, medium-sized, and micro businesses play a critical role. However, several limitations limit their current growth stage, preventing them from expanding their size, such as resource and environmental limits, an inappropriate industrial structure, and institutional issues, such as severe market rivalry. To address this issue, this paper develops a micro innovation service platform for small and medium-sized businesses, offers a variety of services to small and medium-sized businesses, fully realizes data sharing and transmission in all aspects using social perception and neural network algorithms, and effectively utilizes social attributes on mobile nodes to assist each node. Also, it investigates the impact of the innovation service platform for small and medium-sized micro firms in practice. After the construction of the innovation service platform for small and medium-sized micro enterprises in 2018, it analyzes the number of transaction projects of platform technology transfer, technology development, technical consultation, and technical services from 2018 to 2020 and analyzes the transaction volume of projects in four aspects. The results show that they have significantly improved, which plays an important role in realizing the transformation of achievements and improving the innovation ability of small and medium-sized micro enterprises in China. At the same time, according to the investigation and analysis of 8 innovative service platforms in the western region, 25% of them have developed well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the proposal of "One Belt One Road" initiative, more and more technology-driven enterprises in China are going abroad for foreign direct investment (FDI). But at the same time, due to the special geographical location of the countries along the "Belt and Road," the turbulent geopolitical pattern, weak economic growth, and constant conflicts between religious civilizations, all these will make Chinese technology-driven enterprises' investment in the countries along the "Belt and Road" face a nonnegligible risk. Thus, how to correctly assess and reasonably prevent OFDI risk has become urgent task for enterprises. This paper takes 20 countries along the "Belt and Road" as the research object and combines the characteristics of technology-oriented enterprises to determine the risk assessment indicators at all levels from four aspects: politics and policy, economy and finance, society and culture, and technological risks. Using fuzzy cluster analysis, the countries along the "Belt and Road" are classified into four groups: low, medium-low, medium-high, and high risks and corresponding countermeasures are proposed. Technology-oriented enterprises should raise their political risk awareness, comprehensively assess the economic and financial environment of host countries before making FDIs, implement "localized" operation and management, and pay attention to the protection of intellectual property rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important tool for local governments to implement regional development policies, the allocation of land resource plays an important role in promoting regional innovation and development. Based on the microdata of land transfer in 287 cities in China from 2007 to 2017, this study examines the relationship between land price distortion, regional financial development, and regional innovation ability. The results show that land price distortion promotes the improvement of regional innovation ability. There is a significant time-lag effect because it is mainly realized by increasing the fiscal revenue of local governments and providing implicit subsidies to enterprises. The larger the financial scale is, the better the financial structure is and the higher the financial efficiency will further strengthen such a positive effect. Further analysis shows that the impact of land price distortion on improving regional innovation ability is significantly different between central or western regions and the eastern regions. This study provides empirical evidence for promoting regional innovation ability by land price distortion, which is conducive to a better understanding of the importance of reasonable land resource allocation and financial market development in the process of high-quality economic development, providing a useful insight into China's future reform of land market and financial market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, China's industrial economy is facing a severe problem of green transformation, so the measurement of total-factor green efficiency has become one of the research hot spots. Combining Shephard's distance function and metafrontier model, this study constructs a parametric total-factor green efficiency model in consideration of technology heterogeneity. Stochastic metafrontier analysis, which controls individual effects, is used to estimate metafrontier green efficiency. This study calculates the green efficiency of Chinese industrial sectors. Results show that there are significant differences in metafrontier green efficiency between high- and low-emission groups, and the efficiency level of the low-emission group is systematically higher than that of the high-emission group. Compared with pooled green efficiency and existing studies without considering technology heterogeneity, the metafrontier green efficiency is more intuitive and realistic. In order to achieve green industrial growth, this study suggests that the government should implement heterogeneous energy conservation and emission reduction policies for high- and low-emission groups, especially to encourage carbon-intensive industries to improve the use of existing group technologies, and to promote technology diffusion and spillover between high- and low-emission groups. Based on the reliable measurement of green efficiency, green productivity might be reliably explored as well in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional marine pastures have made great contributions to human beings, but traditional marine pastures have also caused major harm to the marine natural environment. Modern technology represented by artificial intelligence has broad application prospects and significant potential and has the ability to innovate and enhance the conventional marine ranching business that is currently in recession. The particularity of China's marine ranching industry determines the combination of technologies such as underwater robots and the Internet of Things with the development of marine ranching to create a sustainable intelligent marine ranching industry in China. The growth of China's national economy is largely influenced by the development of the country's financial services industry. In order to better support the development of the real economy, it is necessary to establish a financial service system with controllable risks and complementary activities. This paper proposes to use the method of Internet of Things data collection combined with sensors to conduct economic analysis. By taking a number of data in recent years for research and analysis, the results show that financial service industry innovation has become an important part of improving the competitiveness of the industry and an important driving force for economic growth. The Internet of Things (IoT) business in China is a fast-growing industry with huge potential. From the perspective of international comparison, our country is currently in the early stage of the development of the Internet of Things, and a certain technology, industry, and application foundation has been established in the early stage of development. In the financial services business, the visual tracking provided by IoT technology has innovative potential. Introducing IoT technology into financial service business and identifying the driving force and process of financial innovation have practical significance for accelerating financial innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The universities' scientific and technological activities have become the key link of science and technology and economy, and the core of promoting the national innovation capability and competitiveness. To achieve high-quality development of China's science and technology, it is of great significance to measure the efficiency of universities' scientific and technological activities accurately and explore their regional differences. Based on the innovation value chain, we construct a two-stage efficiency measure index system of universities' scientific and technological activity, and then according to the universities' statistical data in China from 2010 to 2017, by taking provincial universities as the research object, we exploit a two-stage network DEA model with shared input to measure the provincial efficiency of universities' scientific and technological activities in China; what is more, we explore the provincial differences in efficiency of universities' scientific and technological activities. Finally, we extract the influencing factors on the efficiency of universities' scientific and technological activities using the dynamic panel data model. The results show that there are serious problems in the transformation between knowledge output and results in the universities' scientific and technological activities. The scientific and technological activities of regional universities in China are not balanced. For provincial universities' efficiency of scientific and technological activities, there exist great differences among different time and space, stages, and resource utilization modes. The endogenous factors such as policy system and technology service are much more important factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technical innovation is an important means to achieve sustainable development. Industry-university cooperation is a new form of technological innovation. Most of the existing researches on industry-university cooperation focus on the analysis of industry-university cooperation models, but there are few researches on the examination of the relationship between industry-university cooperation and economic development. Using the spatial autocorrelation and spatial measurement model, the relationship between China's industry-university cooperation and economic development was empirically investigated. The results indicate that, first, the nighttime light data could be used as a proxy variable for GDP data to characterize China's economic development. Second, industry-university cooperation had a positive effect on China's economic development. Third, industry-university cooperation affected China's economic development through technological innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the demand for safety and convenience in traveling, self-driving technology has developed very fast in the past decades. In this paper, a novel technology forecasting model is developed. The topic-based text mining and expert judgment approaches are combined to forecast the technology trends efficiently and accurately. To improve the reliability of the results, multidimensional information including scientific papers, patents, and industry data is considered. Then, the model is utilized to forecast the development trends of self-driving technology in China. Data ranging from 2002 to 2019 are adopted with proper data cleaning. Topic clustering for papers and patents is performed, and the hierarchical structures are constructed. On this basis, the results of technology's evolution based on papers and patents are compared and the development trends are obtained. With these results, it is speculated that technology on "Decision" will be the next hotspot in patents. The research results of this paper will provide reference and guidance for Chinese enterprises and government in decision-making on self-driving technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impacts of FDI (foreign direct investment) on the innovation of Chinese local enterprises have always been the focus of attention, but few studies have explored the impacts of foreign shareholding on enterprise innovation behaviors through the micro level. Based on the survey data regarding the manufacturing sector of China enterprises conducted by the World Bank in 2012, this paper conducts an empirical study on the relationship between foreign shareholding and enterprise innovation behaviors. The research findings include two aspects; that is, (1) foreign shareholding has significantly positive impacts on enterprise innovation behaviors; (2) technology introduction plays a complete mediating effect in foreign shareholding and enterprise innovation behaviors. On the basis of considering sample selective bias and endogenous problems, the propensity score matching (PSM) method is further applied to evaluate the impacts of foreign shareholding on enterprise innovation behaviors. After putting the endogenous problems and sample selective bias under control, the above conclusions are still robust. Thus, under the current complicated international situation, enterprises should be encouraged to attract foreign investment under moderate control, with a view to accelerating the promotion of enterprise innovation activities through the technology introduction brought about by foreign shareholding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]