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The Urho Formation in the Lower Permian System at the Junggar Basin in China commonly develops zeolite cements. The presence of zeolite minerals in various states of occurrence and uneven distribution in glutenite reservoirs makes it indeterminate to interpret the well logging response characteristics such as acoustic, resistivity, radioactivity, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). This poses significant challenges for the evaluation of well loggings in glutenite reservoirs containing laumontite and the determination of oil and gas reserves. In this study, through petrophysics experiments such as whole-rock X-ray diffraction, conventional petrophysical properties, mercury injection, and electron microprobe analysis, the characteristics of glutenite reservoirs containing laumontite and the well logging response mechanisms were analyzed from the perspectives of mineral composition of rocks, geochemical characteristics, and principle of loggings. A multimineral optimization method was used to calculate the laumontite content. The results indicate that in the study area, the cementation of zeolite minerals dominated by laumontite suppresses the pore development in the reservoir, which is a crucial factor in the formation of complex pore structures and low-porosity low-permeability reservoirs. Since laumontite exhibits a water-bearing framework structure with numerous micropores and crystal water, the laumontite-bearing glutenite reservoirs are characterized by low natural gamma radiation, low density, high neutron porosity, and high electrical resistivity. The acoustic interval transit time shows no significant differences, while the NMR T 2 spectrum exhibits a short relaxation time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Work engagement and patient-safety outcomes in nursing practice are critically significant. However, most previous studies evaluating antecedents of work engagement and patient-safety outcomes have used cross-sectional designs. Aims. To investigate the effects of job resources (organizational support and leader empowerment) and core self-evaluation on nurses' work engagement and patient-safety outcomes. Methods. This longitudinal study surveyed 2,618 registered nurses from 17 public hospitals in XuZhou, China. Participants completed self-report questionnaires on organizational support, leader empowerment, and core self-evaluation at baseline. Work engagement and patient-safety outcomes were collected 18 months after the baseline. The mixed linear regression and Johnson–Neyman statistical analysis were used to analyze data. Results. Organizational support was an outsize predictor of nurses' work engagement, followed by core self-evaluation and leader empowerment. Organizational support and core self-evaluation were equally crucial for predicting patient-safety outcomes. Moreover, the positive impact of leader empowerment on patient-safety outcomes became significant when the core self-evaluation score was below 51. Conclusions. This study demonstrated that organizational support, leader empowerment, and core self-evaluation are important determinants of nurses' work engagement and patient-safety outcomes. Implications for Nursing Management. Hospital managers and nurse leaders should consider providing multiple supports to motivate staff nurses to engage in work. When nurses' core self-evaluation is low, empowering training for nurse leaders should be essential to reduce adverse patient events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical compositions of juice and peel from 37 cultivars of pomegranates grown in China were identified using UPLC-Q TOF MS. The total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of pomegranate juice and peel samples were also determined to make comparisons of their potential nutraceutical values. A total of 20 and 25 compounds were tentatively identified from the juice and peel samples. For the antioxidant activities of juice samples, No. 32 from Italy showed greatest abilities in scavenging DPPH and ABTS free radicals, and a registered novel cultivar No. 24 showed greatest value in scavenging oxygen radical. For the peel samples, No. 8 from Anhui Province of China showed generally greater values in all the three assays. All these results showed that different cultivars of pomegranate have different amounts of bioactive components and antioxidant activities, and development about the byproduct of these pomegranates after industrial processing should be focused in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circoviruses are a group of small circular, single-stranded DNA viruses that belong to the family Circoviridae. They are known to infect a wide variety of animals. Rhizomys sinensis is a species of rodent that is the reservoir of many zoonotic pathogens. Our previous study identified many sequencing reads mapped to the genome of viruses in Circoviridae in R. sinensis. However, little is known about the circulation and genetic characterization of circoviruses in R. sinensis. This study identified three different circoviruses in samples from 195 R. sinensis. First, the bamboo rat circovirus is widely prevalent in R. sinensis in Guangdong Province, and all strains could be divided into three clades based on nucleotide substitutions at specific sites. Second, and more important, porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) was isolated for the first time from R. sinensis, which expanded the host range of PCV2 and indicated extra procedures would be required to protect livestock from this virus. Finally, a novel circovirus phylogenetically close to the dromedary stool-associated circular ssDNA virus was detected in 86 (44.1%) samples, which may represent a new circovirus species. These results not only expand our understanding of the circovirus diversity in rodents, particularly in R. sinensis, but also underscore the importance of continued surveillance of viruses in wildlife populations, particularly in rodents, to prevent and control the spread of zoonotic pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The system of inherent defect insurance is an important measure to serve the real economy through financial means and improve the quality of construction projects, which is the future development direction of China's construction industry. However, the related research is not perfect due to the short implementation of the insurance. This could bring risks to the promotion of insurance for companies. Insurance ruin theory is an important method in risk management theory, so adopting it to manage the risk inherent defect insurance from the perspective of insurance companies is vital. The research starts with the classic insurance ruin theory and determines the coefficient of premium collection from the perspective of claim settlement distribution expectations. Furthermore, the approximate distribution of claim settlement is deduced, and a comprehensive risk assessment model is constructed. Finally, based on the data of insurance actuarial practice in Shanghai, both the ruin probability of inherent defect insurance in each insuring term and its average required initial reserve are calculated, which provides the analyses on the risks and main subitems of inherent defect insurance as well as relevant suggestions. Finally, the sensitivity analysis is used to further analyse the risk of different insurance stages of IDI, and the relevant measures are proposed. The research can provide theoretical assistances for insurance companies to carry out effective risk management and provide model tools to make scientific decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To establish risk factors for predicting preoperative ruptures in patients with acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) based on computed tomography angiography (CTA) imaging features alone. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed patients with ATAAD treated between January 2017 and December 2021 in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, China. The primary outcome was preoperative rupture after admission. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed based on basic characteristics and CTA imaging variables selected by the application of the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. Results. A total of 564 patients were enrolled. The rate of preoperative rupture was 14.2% (n = 80). Patients who experienced rupture were significantly older (P = 0.002) and had a higher rate of DeBakey II (P = 0.016), syncope (P = 0.003), ventilator-assisted ventilation (P = 0.008), preoperative shock (P = 0.040), hypotensive state (P = 0.009), hepatic insufficiency (P = 0.002), acute kidney injury (P = 0.045), and moderate or massive pericardial effusion (P = 0.007). Multivariate analysis identified the following independent risk factors for preoperative rupture based on CTA imaging features: DeBakey II (odds ratio (OR) = 1.988, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.211–3.676, P = 0.009), ascending aorta diameter (OR = 2.077, 95% CI 1.335–4.045, P < 0.001), ascending aorta false lumen diameter (OR = 2.988, 95% CI 2.055–4.291, P < 0.001), ascending aorta false lumen/true lumen diameter ratio >4 : 1 (OR = 3.129, 95% CI 2.031–6.225, P < 0.001), and number of branch arteries involved in dissection >6 (OR = 1.154, 95% CI 1.036–2.006, P = 0.036). Conclusions. CTA imaging features are one of the most convenient indicators for the early prediction of preoperative rupture in patients with ATAAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), which causes reproductive failure in sows and respiratory symptoms in piglets, poses a significant threat to the global pig industry. PRRS virus (PRRSV) variants continue to emerge and spread among pigs. NADC34-like PRRSV has been imported into China in recent years and has shown potential as an endemic strain, which is of great concern. In this study, a NADC34-like PRRSV, named HLJ13 strain, was isolated from a farm where pigs experienced respiratory symptoms and abortions. Genomic analysis revealed that the HLJ13 strain was a potential recombinant of NADC34-like and NADC30-like strains, and the restriction fragment length polymorphism of HLJ13 was a novel pattern that was not yet listed. In the PRRSV HLJ13-inoculated group, the piglets showed mild clinical symptoms, such as persistent fever, and showed histopathological lesions in the lungs, and the virus was detectable at 3 and 7 days postinoculation in anal and nasal swabs, respectively. Recombination analysis revealed that interlineage recombinant events were detected in 8 out of 27 Chinese NADC34-like PRRSVs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Chinese NADC34-like PRRSVs were distributed in two clades of lineage 1, and Chinese NADC34-like PRRSVs showed different N-glycosylation modifications in glycoproteins, especially in GP3 and GP5. These findings shed light on the genomic characteristics and pathogenicity of the NADC34-like PRRSV in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a widely used method for treating dengue fever in China. TCM improves the symptoms of patients with dengue, but there is no standard TCM prescription for dengue fever. This real-world study aimed to evaluate the effects of Chai-Shi-Jie-Du (CSJD) granules for the treatment of dengue fever and the underlying mechanisms. Methods. We implemented a multicenter real-world study, an in vitro assay and network pharmacology analysis. Patients from 5 hospitals in mainland China who received supportive western treatment in the absence or presence of CSJD were assigned to the control and CSJD groups between 1 August and 31 December 2019. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to correct for biases between groups. The clinical data were compared and analyzed. The antidengue virus activity of CSJD was tested in Syrian baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells using the DENV2-NGC strain. Network pharmacological approaches along with active compound screening, target prediction, and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were used to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Results. 137 pairs of patients were successfully matched according to age, sex, and the time from onset to presentation. The time to defervescence (1.7 days vs. 2.5 days, P < 0.05) and the disease course (4.1 days vs. 6.1 days, P < 0.05) were significantly shorter in the CSJD group than those in the control group. CSJD showed no anti-DENV2-NGC virus activity in BHK cells. Network pharmacology analysis revealed 108 potential therapeutic targets, and the top GO and KEGG terms were related to immunity, oxidative stress response, and the response to lipopolysaccharide. Conclusions. CSJD granules exhibit high potential for the treatment of dengue fever, and the therapeutic mechanisms involved could be related to regulating immunity, moderating the oxidative stress response, and the response to lipopolysaccharide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "chain chief system" is an institutional innovation that can enhance the responsibility of the industrial chain. Currently, various provinces and cities in China are adopting it to reap the benefits of resource combination. Traditional industrial synergy emphasizes "scale orientation," and research on industrial policy, involving government administrative power, needs to be thoroughly discussed from the perspectives of government behavior and industry characteristics. This study utilizes the evolutionary game method to analyze the behavioral strategies of the government, leading enterprises, and other enterprises in the industrial chain under different conditions based on the perspective of value synergy. Relevant parameters of revenue and cost are modified for numerical simulation. The results demonstrate that the evolutionary stability strategy is influenced by various factors such as the government's due diligence, subsidies, proportions allocated to different enterprises, benefits and costs, and industrial characteristics. Furthermore, the government can appropriately increase subsidies to leading enterprises and penalties for inaction, reduce barriers to data and scene sharing among enterprises in the industry, and lower industry concentration. These measures are more conducive to establish a "chain chief system" value synergy ecology in which all members actively participate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By taking the blasting excavation of a deeply buried karst tunnel in the North Tianshan Mountains in China as research objects, the damage induced by blasting excavation and seepage characteristics of deep rock under high seepage pressure was investigated. The COMSOL Multiphysics® software was adopted to establish a simulation model for the blasting excavation of a deeply buried tunnel. By embedding the stress-damage-seepage multifield coupled constitutive relationship, the mechanism of the influences of factors including blasting load, geostress, and hydraulic pressure of karst caves on the blasting excavation-induced damage to, and seepage characteristic of, the surrounding rocks of the tunnel. The results indicate that blasting excavation in the karst tunnel triggers the damage of surrounding rocks, which consists of blasting-induced damage and unloading damage. The time-history curve of the variable for surrounding rock damage rises and consequently tends to a constant value. With the increases in blasting load, geostress, and hydraulic pressure of karst caves, the degree of damage to surrounding rocks is intensified; an increase in geostress will weaken the effect of blasting-induced damage to rock while increasing rock damage arising from unloading. Meanwhile, the degree of damage to the surrounding rock can affect the seepage velocity of water in the surrounding rock to a certain extent. A strong damage and seepage coupled effect occur in the blasting excavation process of the karst tunnel. The such coupled effect is strengthened little by little with the increases in the degree of surrounding rock damage and hydraulic pressures. The results are expected to provide theoretical guidance for hazard prevention and control of blasting excavation in karst tunnels under high geostress conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. This study focuses on the identification of risk factors, classification of stroke level, and evaluation of the importance and interactions of various patient characteristics using cohort data from the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University. Methodology. Risk factors are identified by evaluation of the relationships between factors and response, as well as by ranking the importance of characteristics. Then, after discarding negligible factors, some well-known multicategorical classification algorithms are used to predict the level of stroke. In addition, using the Shapley additive explanation method (SHAP), factors with positive and negative effects are identified, and some important interactions for classifying the level of stroke are proposed. A waterfall plot for a specific patient is presented and used to determine the risk degree of that patient. Results and Conclusion. The results show that (1) the most important risk factors for stroke are hypertension, history of transient ischemia, and history of stroke; age and gender have a negligible impact. (2) The XGBoost model shows the best performance in predicting stroke risk; it also gives a ranking of risk factors based on their impact. (3) A combination of SHAP and XGBoost can be used to identify positive and negative factors and their interactions in stroke prediction, thereby providing helpful guidance for diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most genotype XII newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) were isolated from poultry, chickens, or geese, with the exception of one subtype, XIIa NDV, which was isolated from a peacock. Here, two subtype XIIb NDVs, francolin/China/GX01/2017 and francolin/China/GX02/2017 (GX01 and GX02 hereafter), were isolated from francolins, which are resident birds in southern China. GX01 and GX02 were characterized as velogenic NDVs. Based on the weaker pathogenicity of these viruses in chickens, the amino acid sequences of seven proteins from genotype XII NDVs were compared, which revealed 17, 40, 15, 7, 32, 25, and 31 variations in the NP, P, M, F, HN, L, and V proteins, respectively, some of which could be responsible for this decreased pathogenicity. Epidemiological and phylogenetic analyses suggest that subtype XIIb NDVs have multiple transmission chains, and that resident birds may be involved in this process as intermediate hosts in which viruses keep evolving. Because of the increased pathogenicity of subtype XIIb NDVs, the protective efficacy of GX01 as an inactivated vaccine was evaluated and compared with that of two commercial inactivated vaccines in chickens. The results showed that the subtype XIIb NDVs could be candidate genotype-matched vaccine strains against genotype XII NDVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main cause of cervical cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate HPV DNA detection and genotyping on paired genital and urine samples and to evaluate if urine samples could be used to monitor HPV infection. Methods. Study subjects were recruited from one local hospital in Guangdong of China from September 1, 2011, to June 30, 2012. They were invited to participate if they have taken an HPV genotyping assay for clinical diagnosis of the genital-urinary disease or for a health check-up 3–5 days ago. DNA was extracted from paired genital and urine samples; genotyping was performed with the GenoArray assay. Results. A total of 250 patients were recruited, which included 203 females and 47 males. Our results showed that the overall agreement on HPV status between the paired samples was 77.1% (155/201, 95% CI: 0.713–0.829) for females, with a kappa value of 0.523 (95% CI: 0.469–0.632), while the agreement was extremely low in the paired male samples. As to individual genotyping, the greatest agreement was found for HPV16 type-specific identification in females (96.02%, 0.933–0.987), followed by the other 12 high oncogenic risk (HR-HPV) types, while the agreement for low-risk HPV detection is poor (κ < 0.6). Agreement between paired samples showed that HPV detection had a significantly greater concordance in the samples obtained in females than males (p = 0.002). Moreover, the agreement for low-risk HPV detection was significantly lower as compared to HR-HPV detection (48.1% vs. 62.3%, p = 0.044). Conclusion. Despite reduced sensitivity, HPV detection in urine closely represents the same trend that is seen with genital sampling. Urine appears to be an appropriate surrogate sample for HPV DNA detection in women with very limited access to healthcare, while the utility of urine for HPV DNA detection in males is less certain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fructus Aurantii (FA) is the dry and immature fruit of Citrus aurantium L. and its rutaceous cultivars. FA has been widely used to treat digestive system diseases since ancient China, and it promotes gastrointestinal (GI) motility in functional dyspepsia (FD), but its potential therapeutic mechanisms remain unclear. We examined the effects of FA ethanol extracts in an iodoacetamide (IA)-induced FD rat model. Firstly, key FA therapy targets for FD were gathered using systematic pharmacology. Combined with systemic pharmacological analyses, plasma metabolomics based on UPLC-QTOF-MS were conducted. Then, MetaboAnalyst was used to jointly analyze systemic pharmacology targets and metabolomic metabolites to select key metabolic pathways. Finally, the key path is verified by experiments. FA exerted distinct therapeutic effects in anti-inflammation and promoting gastrointestinal motility in our IA-induced FD rat model. When compared with the model group, FA down-regulated the inflammatory factors interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. At the same time, FA up-regulated tight junction proteins in the intestinal epithelial barrier. Through the integrated analysis of metabolomics and systemic pharmacology, we conducted experimental verification on Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway. When compared with the model group, FA down-regulatedphospho-mitogen activated protein kinase, phospho-extracellular signal regulated kinase1/2, myosin light chain kinase, and phospho-myosin regulatory light chain protein levels. Thus, FA ameliorated FD by regulating the Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway. Our integrated strategy identified underlying FA mechanisms toward FD treatment and provided a foundation for FA development as a clinical agent for FD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Network public opinion represents public social opinion to a certain extent and has an important impact on formulating national policies and judgment. Therefore, China and other countries attach great importance to the study of online public opinion. However, the current researches lack the combination of theory and practical cases and lack the intersection of social and natural sciences. This work aims to overcome the technical defects of traditional management systems, break through the difficulties and pain points of existing network public opinion risk management, and improve the efficiency of network public opinion risk management. Firstly, a network public opinion isolation strategy based on the infectious disease propagation model is proposed, and the optimal control theory is used to realize a functional control model to maximize social utility. Secondly, blockchain technology is used to build a network public opinion risk management system. The system is used to conduct a detailed study on identifying and perceiving online public opinion risk. Finally, a Chinese word segmentation scheme based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network model and a text emotion recognition scheme based on a convolutional neural network are proposed. Both schemes are validated on a typical corpus. The results show that when the system has a control strategy, the number of susceptible drops significantly. Two days after the public opinion is generated, the number of susceptible people decreased from 1,000 to 250; 3 days after the public opinion is generated, the number of susceptible people stabilized. 2 days after the public opinion is generated, the number of lurkers increased from 100 to 620; 3 days after the public opinion is generated, the number of lurkers stabilized. The data demonstrate that the designed isolation control strategy is effective. Changes in public opinion among infected people show that quarantine control strategies played a significant role in the early days of Corona Virus Disease 2019. The rate of change in the number of infections is more affected when quarantine controls are increased, especially in the days leading up to the outbreak. When the system adopts the optimal control strategy, the influence scope of public opinion becomes smaller, and the control becomes easier. When the dimension of the word vector of emergent events is 200, its accuracy may be higher. This method provides certain ideas for blockchain and deep learning technology in network public opinion control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus is the major pathogen that causes fatal diarrhea in newborn piglets. In this study, a TGEV strain was isolated from the small intestine of diarrhea piglets in Sichuan Province, China, and designated SC2021. The complete genomic sequence of TGEV SC2021 was 28561 bp, revealing a new natural deletion TGEV strain. Based on phylogenetic analyses, TGEV SC2021 belonged to the Miller cluster and was closely related to CN strains. The newborn piglets orally challenged with TGEV SC2021 showed typical watery diarrhea. In addition, macro and micropathological changes in the lungs and intestines were observed. In conclusion, we isolated a new natural deletion virus strain and confirmed that the virus strain has high pathogenicity in newborn piglets. Moreover, macroscopic and microscopic lesions were observed in the lungs and intestines of all TGEV SC2021-infected piglets. In summary, we isolated a new natural deletion TGEV strain and demonstrated that the natural deletion strain showed high pathogenicity in newborn piglets. These data enrich the diversity of TGEV strains and help us to understand the genetic evolution and molecular pathogenesis of TGEV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of communication technology has accumulated a large amount of data in the field of finance, and analyzing this data can better portray the behavior of financial entities, which is crucial to the progress of corporate finance. Based on the theory of social network and the classic "prisoner's dilemma" model, this article finds that institutional investors will cooperate to participate in the governance of the listed companies. Then, by using the Louvain algorithm, institutional investor cliques have been derived from institutional investor networks based on nonfinancial listed companies in China between 2007 and 2020. The study uncovers the inhibition effect of the institutional investor clique on the tunneling behavior of the listed companies, and the higher the shareholding ratio and centrality of the institutional investor clique, the stronger its inhibitory strength. This paper extends the concepts and methods from the field of information communication to the analysis of financial institutional investors, offering a theoretical and empirical foundation for the interdisciplinary research of network algorithms and finance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal chemical enterprises have many risk factors, and the causes of accidents are complex. The traditional risk assessment methods rely on expert experience and previous literature to determine the causes of accidents, which has the problems such as lack of objectivity and low interpretation ability. Analyzing the accident report helps to identify typical accident risk factors and determines the accident evolution rule. However, experts usually judge this work manually, which is subjective and time-consuming. This paper developed an improved approach to identify safety risk factors from a volume of coal chemical accident reports using text mining (TM) technology. Firstly, the accident report was preprocessed, and the Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) was used for feature extraction. Then, the K-means algorithm and apriori algorithm were developed to cluster and for the association rule analysis of the vectorized documents in the TF-IDF matrix, respectively to quickly identify the hidden risk factors and the relationship between risk factors in the accident report and to propose targeted safety management measures. Using the sample data of 505 accidents in a large coal chemical enterprise in Western China in the past seven years, the enterprise accident reports were analyzed by text clustering analysis and association rule analysis methods. Through the analysis, six accident clusters and 13 association rules were obtained, and the main risk factors of each accident cluster were further mined, and the corresponding management suggestions were put forward for the enterprise. This method provides a new idea for coal chemical enterprises to make safety management decisions and helps to prevent safety accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Many patients with type 2 diabetes have an abnormal body mass index (BMI) and hypertension together, but few studies on the interaction of the two on the risk of T2DM are reported. We aim to explore the effect of the interaction between abnormal BMI and hypertension on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Uyghur residents. Methods and Results. Based on the physical examination data of 27,4819 Uygur residents in Moyu County, a logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between BMI abnormality, hypertension, and T2DM disease, and then, the effect of their interaction on the risk of T2DM was evaluated by an additive model and a multiplicative model. The results showed that the detectable rate of T2DM was 5.58%, the proportion of abnormal BMI was 59.49%, and the proportion of hypertension was 25.14%. The risk of T2DM in people with an abnormal BMI and hypertension was higher than that in people with a normal weight and without hypertension, and the difference was statistically significant P < 0.05 . The additive model showed that after adjusting for confounding factors such as gender, age, family history of diabetes, abdominal obesity, and alcohol consumption, abnormal BMI and hypertension had a synergistic effect on the risk of T2DM and the evaluation indicators RERI, AP, and S were 0.90 (0.32∼1.49), 0.20 (0.11∼0.30), and 1.36 (1.17∼1.57), respectively. But there was no multiplicative interaction between the two (OR = 0.97, (95% CI: 0.89∼1.06). 3). Conclusion. The interaction between abnormal BMI and hypertension can increase the risk of T2DM, and improving BMI and controlling blood pressure within the normal range can effectively reduce the risk of T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The market scale of electric shavers in China has reached ¥ 26.3 billion in 2021. Consumers currently place an increasing emphasis on the Kansei image conveyed by products rather than just concerning with functional satisfaction. To meet consumers' expectations, the emotional message conveyed by product design is essential under multisensory channels. This research first collected 230 electric shavers samples and 135 pairs of consumers' Kansei words, then reduced them into 34 representative samples using multidimensional scale and clustering analysis, with 4 groups of representative Kansei words selected via the expert group. Moreover, consumers' Kansei images were evaluated via questionnaire using the semantic differential scales, with 416 valid samples acquired in total. Meanwhile, design elements of the samples (including item and category) were classified by ways of morphological analysis and audio software. At last, the prediction models of the electric shavers were established between the overall design elements and user's Kansei evaluation under the multisensory channel of visual model and auditory audio taking advantage of Quantification Theory Type I , back propagation neural network, and genetic algorithm-based BPNN. The proposed models can provide defined design indexes and references in multisensory design, facilitating designers to design in a logical and scientific manner rather than designing as per experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. To evaluate the prevalence, causes, and risk factors of presenting visual impairment (PVI) and presenting blindness among adults in Suzhou, China. Methods. A total of 43927 subjects were included in this cross-sectional study. Each subject underwent ophthalmic examinations, including presenting visual acuity (PVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), slit-lamp examination, and fundus examination under the small pupils of each eye. Results. Using the World Health Organization (WHO) definition, the prevalence of bilateral PVI, bilateral presenting blindness, monocular PVI, and monocular presenting blindness was 1.59% (95% CI, 1.51–1.67), 0.002% (95% CI, 0.0019–0.0021), 3.87% (95% CI, 3.68–4.06), and 0.19% (95% CI, 0.18–0.20), respectively. Using the United States (US) definition, the prevalence of bilateral PVI, bilateral presenting blindness, monocular PVI, and monocular presenting blindness was 5.83% (95% CI, 5.54–6.12), 0.04% (95% CI, 0.038–0.042), 7.43% (95% CI, 7.06–7.80), and 0.45% (95% CI, 0.43–0.47), respectively. The prevalence of PVI was higher in females (WHO criteria, 2.06%, 95% CI, 1.96–2.16; US criteria, 7.27%, 95% CI, 6.91–7.63) than in males (WHO criteria, 1.2%, 95 CI%, 1.14–1.26; US criteria, 4.65%, 95% CI, 4.42–4.89). The leading cause of PVI is an uncorrected refractive error, followed by cataracts and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Multivariate analysis proved that the prevalence of visual impairment (PVA, better eye, WHO criteria) increased significantly with older age, higher mean arterial pressure (MAP), higher globulin level, and higher fasting blood glucose (FBG). In addition, it also increased significantly with lower hemoglobin, a lower body mass index (BMI), and a lower arterial stiffness index. In this study, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, triglycerides, and the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) showed no association with visual impairment. Conclusion. The leading causes of PVI in Suzhou were uncorrected refractive error and cataracts. The prevalence of PVI increased with females, older age, higher MAP, higher FBG, higher globulin, lower hemoglobin, lower BMI, and lower arterial stiffness index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gut microbiota dysbiosis is closely associated with intestinal carcinogenesis, but the oral microbiota of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who live in high-risk regions in China has not been fully characterized. In the current study, oral microbial diversity was investigated in 33 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and 35 healthy controls in Chongqing, China, by sequencing 16S rRNA of V3-V4 gene regions. There were statistically significant differences in oral microbiota between esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients and controls as determined via unweighted pair-group analysis with arithmetic means. At the phylum level, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients, there were comparatively greater amounts of Firmicutes (34.0% vs. 31.1%) and Bacteroidetes (25.3% vs. 24.9%) and lower amounts of Proteobacteria (17.0% vs. 20.1%). At the genus level, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients exhibited comparatively greater amounts of Streptococcus (17.3% vs. 14.5%) and Prevotella_7 (8.6% vs. 8.5%) and lower amounts of Neisseria (8.1% vs. 10.7%). Using a linear discriminant analysis effect size method, Planctomycetes and Verrucomicrobia were identified in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma group. 10 genera were higher abundances identified in the healthy control group, and different 10 genera were identified in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma group. In the present study, there were significant differences in oral microbial compositions of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients and healthy controls. Further longitudinal and mechanistic studies are needed to further characterize relationships between oral microbiota and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Previous studies have revealed that triglyceride-rich lipoprotein cholesterol (TRL-c) is closely related to diabetes mellitus (DM) in hypertensive patients. However, this relationship in stroke patients has not been reported. The aims of this study are to investigate the relationship between TRL-c and diabetes in adult Chinese stroke. Methods. Patients with stroke treated in the Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January 2019 to January 2021 were selected. TRL-c was calculated from total cholesterol minus (high-density and low-density lipoprotein). DM was diagnosed based on previous medical history (diagnosed by secondary hospitals or above) and/or current use of hypoglycemic drugs and/or intravenous blood glucose measurement (fasting blood glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L or nonfasting blood glucose > 11.1 mmol/L). The relationship between the TRL-c and DM was determined using multivariate logistic regression, smoothing curve fitting (penalized spline method), and subgroup analysis. Results. A total of 890 patients with stroke (age, 66.1 ± 11.8 years) were enrolled, including 329 females. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that TRL-c had a positive association with DM (OR 1.88; 95% CI: 1.22 to 2.89). Strong linear associations of TRL-c with DM were confirmed by restricted cubic spline analysis. And the association between TRL-c and DM was consistent in the different subgroups. Conclusion. Positive associations were found between TRL-c and DM in patients with stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To investigate the relationship between organizational support and nurse managers' burnout and the serial multiple mediating effects of leadership and resilience. Background: Nurse managers are at a high risk of burnout, especially during the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, no research has been done to examine the associations between nurse managers' organizational support, leadership, resilience and burnout. Methods: This cross‐sectional study recruited 458 nurse managers from 13 tertiary public hospitals in Jiangsu, China. They completed the Survey of Perceived Organizational Support, the Clinical Leadership Survey, the Resilience Scale and the Maslach Burnout Inventor‐Human Service Survey. The serial mediating effect of individual leadership and resilience was estimated using the structural equation modelling method via Mplus 7.0. Results: There were direct and indirect effects of organizational support on burnout, controlling for work variables. Leadership and resilience serially mediate the association between organizational support and burnout (β = −.051, 95% confidence interval: −0.093 to −0.020). Conclusions: Among nurse managers, organizational support may be sequentially associated with improved leadership first and then resilience, which in turn is related to decreased burnout. Implications for Nursing Management: We recommend that hospital administrators incorporate leadership, resilience and burnout assessment in the routine psychological screening of nurse managers and creatively apply the organizational interventions to decrease nurse managers' burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, E‐nose and GC‐MS combined with chemometric methods were used to analyze and identify the key aroma compounds of mutton during the electric roasting process. The results indicated that the mutton roasted for 0–20 min could be discriminated by E‐nose. A total of 47 volatile compounds were identified by GC‐MS, including 10 alcohols, 14 aldehydes, 6 ketones, 3 esters, 6 acids, 1 furan, and 7 other substances. Thirteen compounds were identified as the key aroma compounds by the odor activity values (OAVs). Significant increases in key aroma compositions and concentrations in samples roasted for 2–8 min were observed during the roasting process, in which hexanal and 1‐octen‐3‐ol had the highest concentration. In comparison with raw meat, the OAVs of eight key aroma compounds were maintained at high levels in mutton roasted for 12 min. Samples with different roasting time could not be discriminated by the concentration of the volatile compound except for roasting for 20 min. The linear model indicated that lower water content and water activity could contribute to the formation of hexanal and 1‐octen‐3‐ol in samples. Novelty Impact Statement: Tan sheep are raised in Ningxia of China, with a distinct flavor and silky texture. Thirteen key aroma compounds in roasted tan mutton such as hexanal and 1‐octen‐3‐ol were determined based on OAVs. Water content and water activity affected the formation of key aroma compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus (H9N2 AIV) has caused significant losses in chicken flocks throughout China. Our previous research has shown that field isolates of H9N2 underwent antigenic drift to evolve into distinct groups with significant antigenic divergence from the commercially available vaccines. The present study sought to identify which single mutations that have naturally appeared in isolates from the past 5 years have driven antigenic drift. Six high‐frequency mutation sites in/near the receptor binding site region were screened by comparing amino acid alignments of the H9N2 AIVs isolated from China between 2014 and 2019. Two substitutions (A168N and D201G) were demonstrated to have a significant impact on the antigenicity but did not change the growth kinetics of the virus. It is worth noting that the D201G substitution not only significantly changed the antigenicity but also caused immune escape against the parental virus. In conclusion, A168N and D201G substitution are newly discovered determinants that can significantly change the antigenicity of H9N2 AIV, which should be tracked during outbreaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Previous studies have shown that increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is an independent predictor for worse outcomes in coronary artery disease. However, as parameters to classify different types of anemia together with MCV, the relationship between mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and long-term outcomes in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains obscure. Moreover, few studies have compared the prognostic value of these red blood cell indices in anemic and nonanemic patients with ACS. Methods and Results. In this single-center observational cohort study, we enrolled 393 patients diagnosed with ACS, including 75 anemic and 318 nonanemic patients. The composite end points were defined as major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). After a median follow-up of 31.24 months, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that higher MCV and MCH but not MCHC were significantly associated with increased MACEs in nonanemic ACS patients. Among the enrolled ACS patients without anemia, Cox regression analysis revealed that high MCV and MCH were correlated with increased MACEs after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis further confirmed the predictive value of high MCV and MCH. In bivariate correlation and linear regression analysis, plasma homocysteine was positively correlated with MCV and MCH but not MCHC in the nonanemic group even after adjusting for age, male sex, BMI, SBP, DBP, smoking, and diabetes. However, MCV, MCH, and MCHC showed no predictive value for MACEs, and no correlation was found between these red blood cell indices and homocysteine in ACS patients with anemia. Conclusion. After adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors, this study showed that higher admission MCV and MCH but not MCHC were independent predictors for long-term MACEs and positively correlated with homocysteine levels in the blood among the nonanemic but not anemic patients with ACS in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study examined the effect on pediatric nursing handover quality and efficiency when a standardized e‐handover system was implemented. Background: Handover quality is an important aspect of nursing quality management; however, handover quality among nursing staff is poor. Methods: A prospective interventional study was carried out in a general pediatrics ward from December 2019 to November 2020. The tools included a standardized e‐handover system. The intervention strategies included workflow remodeling and employee training on oral handover using the standardized e‐handover system. Results: The omission frequency of critical handover elements decreased from 47.32% to 2.94% (p <.01), among which the omission frequencies of nine out of 16 key elements significantly decreased. Integrity also showed improvement. Specifically, the integrity of five types of critical information was significantly improved, including vital signs, signs and symptoms, laboratory test results, radiologic examination results, and treatment regimen (2.00 vs. 5.00, p <.01; 3.00 vs. 5.00, p <.01; 3.00 vs. 5.00, p <.01; 5.00 vs. 5.00, p =.009; 3.00 vs. 4.00, p <.01, respectively). Information accuracy was 100%. Workflow and efficiency significantly improved, communication duration with patient/family during work hours significantly increased (24.00 vs. 56.00, p <.01), and prehandover preparation duration significantly decreased (32.00 vs. 2.50, p <.01). Nurse handover satisfaction showed improvement (56.88 ± 15.08 vs. 74.31 ± 9.22, p <.01). Conclusion: The standardized e‐handover system effectively improved nurse handover quality, optimized workflow, increased work efficiency, and promoted teamwork. Implications for Nursing Management: Standardized e‐handover systems have great potential for ensuring the safety of pediatric patients and improving the quality of handover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective. The value of postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) in T1-2N1M0 breast cancer remains unclear. Our cohort study is aimed at evaluating the PMRT guiding value of the 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) pathological prognostic staging system in the era of modern systematic treatment in this disease. Methods and Materials. Patients diagnosed with pT1-2N1M0 breast cancer between 2008 and 2018 in West China Hospital, Sichuan University were included. Locoregional-free survival (LRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), disease-free survival (DFS), breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS), and overall survival (OS) were defined as endpoints. The propensity score matching (PSM), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the Kaplan-Meier analysis, and the Cox multivariable model were used for data analysis. Results. We identified 1,615 patients with T1-2N1M0 breast cancer, and 44.9% (n = 744) of them were treated with PMRT. With a median follow-up of 76 months, 46 (2.8%) recurrences, 96 (5.9%) deaths, and 80 (5.0%) breast cancer-related deaths occurred. The 5-year LRFS, DMFS, DFS, BCSS, and OS were 98.6%, 95.3%, 93.7%, 96.5%, and 96.0%, respectively. PMRT could not improve 5-year LRFS, DMFS, DFS, BCSS, and OS compared with non-PMRT neither before nor after PSM in the era of contemporary systemic treatment. ROC curve showed that the 8th pathological prognostic staging had better discriminative ability compared with the 7th anatomical staging [the area under the curve (AUC) 0.653 vs. 0.546, P < 0.001 ]. In the anatomical staging system, PMRT had comparable 5-year BCSS in comparison with non-PMRT both in stages IIA (97.4% vs. 96.8%, P = 0.799) and IIB (95.3% vs. 97.0%, P = 0.071). When stratified according to the pathological staging, PMRT was associated with better 5-year BCSS in stage IIB (97.1% vs. 90.7%, P = 0.039), while not in stages IA, IB, IIA, and IIIA. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that PMRT was a significantly protective factor for BCSS in stage IIB (HR 0.331, 95% CI: 0.100-0.967, P = 0.044). Conclusion. The new staging could better select high-risk patients with T1-2N1 breast cancer for radiotherapy compared with the 7th staging, and PMRT might be exempted except the 8th staging of IIB in the era of contemporary systemic therapy in this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Inflammatory bowel disease is difficult to cure, which seriously affects the physical and mental health of children and brings negative psychological stress to guardians. Uncertainty in illness of guardians reduces the ability of care and is not conducive to the treatment and recovery of children. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the related factors of uncertainty in illness. Objective. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between sense of disease uncertainty and family strength and mental resilience in guardians of children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Method. A total of 146 guardians of 88 children with inflammatory bowel disease were investigated. The guardians' sense of disease uncertainty, family strength, and mental resilience were evaluated by Mishel uncertainty in illness scale-family member (MUIS-FM), family hardiness index (FHI), and Connor–Davidson resilience sca1e (CD-RISC), respectively. Spearman correlation was used for analyzing the correlation between the guardian's sense of disease uncertainty and family resilience. Results. The guardian's MUIS-FM score from lowest to highest was complexity, unpredictability, lack of information, and uncertainty. The average scores of FHI and CD-RISC were lower than the average score of CD-RISC of the general community in China 65.4 (t = −4.36, P < 0.05). The score of MUIS-FM was significantly correlated with the scores of FHI and CD-RISC (P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the challenge score in the FHI scale and the fortitude score and the strength score in the CD-RISC scale were the main influencing factors of guardians' sense of disease uncertainty in children with IBD (P < 0.05). Conclusion. The guardians of children with IBD had a more serious sense of disease uncertainty, which was related to family strength and mental resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital transformation (DT) has been a key way for pharmaceutical companies to enhance innovation and R&D capabilities, improve product quality, reduce costs, and create competitive advantages. The external environment factors and the internal conditions' factors are the main factors affecting the DT of pharmaceutical companies. This research aimed to probe the effects of the external environment factors, the internal conditions' factors, firm size, and control variables on the DT of pharmaceutical companies based on synergetics. Purposive sampling and snowball sampling were used in this research. In addition, this research collected 395 valid data from Chinese pharmaceutical companies through online questionnaires. This research used quantitative analysis, and SPSS and Amos software were applied to data processing analysis. The results of structural equation modelling (SEM) and regression analysis showed that the external environment factors and the internal conditions' factors had a significantly positive correlation with the DT of pharmaceutical companies, and the effects of the internal conditions on the DT of pharmaceutical companies were greater than that of the external environment. In addition, firm size positively moderated the relationship between the external environment, internal conditions, and the DT of pharmaceutical companies. The results of this research not only can provide theoretical reference for scholars but also put forward implementation suggestions of DT for Chinese pharmaceutical company managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: We aim to explore the prevalence and potential facilitators and inhibitors of compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction among Chinese palliative care nurses. Background: Nurses with compassion fatigue may suffer from health‐related problems, causing decreased work efficiency and quality of care. Palliative care nurses are especially at risk of compassion fatigue due to close contact with terminal patients. Methods: A province‐wide cross‐sectional survey using convenience sampling was conducted among 318 palliative care nurses at 25 hospitals and healthcare institutions in Sichuan Province, China. Data were collected using demographic questionnaire and five scales: Professional Quality of Life Scale, General Self‐Efficacy Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, and Connor‐Davison Resilience Scale. Data analyses including descriptive statistics, t‐test, one‐way ANOVA, simple linear regression, and multiple linear regression. Results: Mean scores (SD) for burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion satisfaction were 25.42 (4.75), 26.08 (5.72), and 35.67 (5.77), respectively. Related factors predicted 40.30%, 27.10%, and 35.4% of the variance in the model of burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion satisfaction, respectively (all p <.001). Conclusions: The levels of burnout and secondary traumatic stress among Chinese palliative care nurses were higher than those among other types of nurses. Social support, resilience, positive coping, family recognition of work, and income satisfaction are inhibitors of compassion fatigue among palliative care nurses. Implications for Nursing Management: Nursing administrators and educators should consider providing effective and targeted strategies (e.g. ongoing training and psychological interventions) to decrease compassion fatigue among palliative care nurses based on the cultural and ethical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) is one of the most valuable aquaculture species in China. However, the rapid development of the aquaculture industry has caused problem of germplasm degeneration. It is important to carry out genetic improvement of economic traits for H. discus hannai. This study was conducted to estimate genetic parameters of growth traits in Pacific abalone to provide a database for selective breeding programs. Data of 10 growth‐related traits—shell length (SL), shell width (SW), shell height (SH), shell weight (SWT), wet weight (WW), foot muscle weight (MW), soft tissue weight (STW), visceral mass weight (VW), foot muscle weight/wet weight ratio (MWR) and soft tissue weight/wet weight ratio (SWR)—were collected from 1059 adults sampled from 115 families. Significant growth differences existed between abalone under different culture modes. Abalone with red shell colour presented poorer growth performance than the normal shell colour group, and their hybrids displayed mid‐parent heterosis. The heritability values of SL, SW, SH, SWT, WW, MW and STW were 0.65 ± 0.06, 0.63 ± 0.06, 0.51 ± 0.08, 0.59 ± 0.09, 0.54 ± 0.05, 0.43 ± 0.08 and 0.43 ± 0.08, respectively, indicating high heritability. The heritabilities of VW and MWR were moderate, with estimates of 0.36 ± 0.07 and 0.21 ± 0.06, respectively, and SWR had low heritability with value of 0.17 ± 0.06. Genetic and phenotypic correlations among the growth traits were positive, in the ranges 0.24–0.99 and 0.12–0.99 respectively. Genetic correlation coefficients among most of the growth traits were close to or higher than 0.9. The results of this study demonstrate the genetic improvement potential of Pacific abalone in selective breeding. Traits such as SL, SW, SH and WW could be selected and improved simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most medicines are coming with toxic and detrimental side effects. In addition, microbials are resisting the medicine. Therefore, alternative drugs with low toxic and side effects and low microbial resistance are needed. Plants offer good potential candidates due to a broad range of chemicals they contain. These chemicals have been studied, and research is still going on to probe chemical properties of plant chemicals. In China, traditional Chinese medicine is practised, whereby plant extracts are obtained, and then sold in packages for reasons like memory enhancement, cancer treatment, boosting immune system, and so on. Among the herbs cultivated in China is Polygonati rhizoma (PGR). This plant contains various bioflavonoids such as diosgenin, kaempferol, catechin, daidzein, and 3 ′ -methoxydaidzein. In this review, we discussed the pharmacological effects of these chemicals, including luteolin antimicrobial activity in a manner that it circumvents antibiotic resistance; rutin antivenom property; kaempferol as an agent that mitigates neuropathic pain; genistein anticancer property; isorhamnetin's ability to alleviate chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD); proanthocyanidins' ability to deal with diabetic neuropathy and analgesic property of catechin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industry 4.0, also known as the Fourth Industrial Revolution, is characterized by process automation and digitization and the use of technologies such as the Internet of things, cloud, big data, artificial intelligence (AI), and embedded systems, among others. The application of automation technology based on Industry 4.0 contributes to the realization of a sustainable food security regime. Based on the policy guidance of the "No.1 Document" of the Chinese government on seed industry innovation and the quantitative analysis of the application, authorization, research, and development data of new varieties of agricultural plants in China in recent years, as well as the data of food import and export, this paper studies the risks and challenges facing China's food security at present and explores the significance, existing problems, and specific countermeasures of resolving food security risks through seed industry innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. A rising trend in electronic use has increased the prevalence of myopia in adolescents, but the optimal approach to controlling myopia remains undetermined. Here, we explored the effects of common single vision (SV) spectacle lenses combined with 0.01% atropine eye drops (SV + A), orthokeratology (OK) lenses, and peripheral defocus (PD) spectacle lenses on myopia control in adolescents. Methods. Totally 150 myopic adolescent patients (300 eyes) receiving treatment at The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou City were enrolled. According to doctors' advice and guardians' wishes, the patients were divided into SV + A group, OK group, and PD group, with each group consisting of 50 cases (100 eyes). The spherical equivalent, axial length, accommodative response index (accommodative sensitivity and accommodative lag), and intraocular pressure were compared before and after 12 months of wearing lenses, and the complications were recorded. Results. Before wearing lenses, there was no statistical significance in baseline characteristics such as age, gender, and spherical equivalent among the three groups (P > 0.05). After wearing lenses, the increase in spherical equivalent and axial length in the SV + A and OK groups were lower than in the PD group (P < 0.05), and the SV + A group had the lowest axial length growth. Compared with the SV + A group, accommodative sensitivity was much higher and accommodative lag was significantly lower in the OK and PD groups (P < 0.01). In addition, there was no significant difference in intraocular pressure before and after wearing lenses among the three groups (P > 0.05). Though the OK group patients had more complications, the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion. SV + A, OK, and PD lenses can effectively control the progression of myopia in adolescents, but SV + A and OK lenses exhibited more significant effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most prominent ways of communication between people is through language, which plays a significant role in expressing thoughts. Different ways of expressing a language can be through speech, writing, signing, or gesture. Each country has their own traditional language and they are getting upgraded with technology in a complex environment. The country of China is termed as Chinese and they follow a dialect named Putonghua. Besides this Putonghua, the people follow different dialects, but this Putonghua is considered the official dialect. Also, the Putonghua Proficiency Test is to test the fluency of Chinese-speaking skills. In the traditional system, the test is conducted by the authorities manually. This process will be difficult when multiple people appear for the test, and in some circumstances, complex situations will arise. Hence, technological advancement can be leveraged to simplify the processes. In this research, Chinese language learning and the Putonghua Test were performed with the implementation of the Deep Learning (DL) model. This process involves the design of a DL model for mobile phones and training the model according to the application. Later, the concept is implemented through intelligent wireless network communication for learning and testing of the language. LIDA is implemented in this research work to train the system with DL. The main functionality of LIDA is template matching, which is required for testing the proficiency of the Chinese language by the candidate in PPT. When the new LIDA model is compared to the existing Vector Spaced Model (VSM), it is found that the LIDA achieves 98.67% of the test accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. This research aimed at better understanding the histopathological development of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PLGC) and organelle ultrastructure changes. Methods. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the model and control groups. Model rats drank N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine solution, while control rats drank pure water ad libitum. At 1, 3, 5, 6, and 8 months after the start of feeding, eight rats were randomly chosen from each group, and gastric mucosa tissues were removed for histopathological analysis. H&E staining was applied to analyze the pathological histological structure of the rat gastric mucosa via a light microscope, and the ultrastructural changes were observed via a transmission electron microscope. Results. Gastric mucosal pathologies of model rats such as mucosal atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, inflammatory lesions, and even intraepithelial neoplasia deteriorated over time. The endoplasmic reticulum gap widened, the mitochondrial endothelial cristae were disrupted, the nuclear membrane thickened, and chromatin condensed with heterotypic alterations in the main and parietal cells. Additionally, endothelial cell enlargement and thickening of the microvascular intima were seen. Conclusion. Our research showed that the PLGC progression of rats is correlated with the pathological alteration axis of "normal gastric mucosa-gastric mucosa inflammatory changes-intestinal metaplasia with mild dysplasia-moderate to severe dysplasia." Ultrastructure analysis of model rats is compatible with the structural changes in the gastric mucosa with spleen deficiency and blood stasis. The pathological evolutionary axis and ultrastructural analysis are helpful for evaluating potential novel herbal therapies for PLGC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advent of the era of artificial intelligence, a technological revolution has begun in the field of education, which has injected new momentum into moral education. Today, civic education is developing rapidly in countries around the world, while civic education in China is still relatively lagging behind. In China, we need to optimize civic education by building a comprehensive civic education system, implementing the concept of people-oriented, gathering the joint efforts of the whole society, expanding diversified civic education methods, and selecting and enriching the contents of civic education. Artificial intelligence technology enables higher education institutions to carry out civic education, enrich teaching contents, broaden teaching methods, and optimize teaching evaluation. However, technology-related innovations are dualistic in nature, with essential, technical, and value risks that hinder their effectiveness in civic education. This paper proposes strategies for optimization in terms of improving digital core risk response capabilities, establishing reliable technology risk response mechanisms, and maintaining a foundation for civic education response costs. Thus, weakening the risk factors of AI in civic education facilitates the transformation of AI and technology to the advantage of knowledge-based civic education. This paper discusses strategies and methods for optimizing smart education using AI devices and establishes a corresponding smart education platform to help students with their ideological education. Based on the analysis of actual cases, the paper discusses the effectiveness and advantages of the program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the release of the 13th Five-Year Plan, the construction plan of the smart city and Internet of Things (IoT) has once again pushed the sensors into the limelight. In the current situation, whether in China or around the world, the construction of smart communities has become an irreversible trend. In this environment, the sensor as a smart city "bridge" will certainly usher in an industrial explosion. "Smart city" is a new concept and model for urban development. Academics have also explored the concept and theoretical model of smart cities from different perspectives in different forms. With the gradual establishment of the national smart city system, the Internet of Things and other technologies are being widely used to serve other aspects of human social life, such as urban smart communities, intelligent transportation, and intelligent home security systems. The application of technology is gradually penetrating into the life of our human society. In the context of building a smart city, scholars have also brought an unprecedented broader idea. By seeking a reasonable balance between human and urban nature, the concept of "park city," which aims to create a good ecological habitat where people and nature can coexist and develop in harmony, has emerged as China's urbanization process accelerates and the conflict between people and land becomes more and more prominent. As an important factor to promote the harmonious development of humans and nature, the planning and construction of urban parks is an important means to meet the needs of people for a better life and to improve the ecological environment of cities; therefore, the planning and design of urban parks under the concept of "park city" is getting more and more attention. Qingdao, as a typical coastal city, has a mosaic of green areas and urban construction land, so urban ecological parks with the carrier of nonconstruction land exist in large numbers in the city and become a key link in the practice of the "park city" concept. However, while urban ecological parks provide ecological and social services to citizens, their special land use has also led to a series of problems. At present, there is not enough basis for the planning and management of such special parks in Qingdao, and it is not possible to guide the planning and construction of such parks with universal standards, so how to effectively protect and reasonably utilize them to promote the construction of "park city" is an urgent problem to be solved. Based on the above background, this study takes Qingdao urban ecological park as the research object and summarizes the typical problems in the process of planning, construction, and use of this kind of park through relevant data research and extensive studies. Based on this, we propose three aspects, namely, the location and layout of parks at a macro level, the construction of the park system at meso-level, and the design optimization of parks at a micro level. The specific research content includes the following aspects: the first part defines the background, purpose, and significance of the topic and the research object and summarizes and reviews the existing research results at home and abroad, and then proposes the overall idea and framework of the research. The second part analyzes the problems of Qingdao urban ecological parks with the concept of "park city." Based on the connotation and characteristics of the "park city" concept, the impact of the concept on urban parks is analyzed, and the significance of the "park city" concept on the planning and construction of urban ecological parks is clarified based on the special characteristics of urban ecological parks. Finally, we provide the basis for the proposed strategy by combining case studies at different levels. Finally, we propose a better spatial planning for the construction of a park city in Qingdao using smart detection sensors and other means of building a smart city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To describe the epidemiological characteristics and medication overview of HFMD in Guangzhou and analyze the factors of length of stay (LOS) based on TCM usage. Method. From January 1, 2014, to June 30, 2019, clinical data of HFMD (ICD-10 B08.401) as the initial diagnosis, based on HIS of five medical institutions for outpatient and inpatient cases, was collected. The inpatient cases of the five hospitals in Guangzhou were utilized for hospitalization analysis. Information extracted from the warehouse was standardized. Descriptive analysis was used for baseline characteristics, medication usage, and inpatient characteristics. Potential factors were analyzed by bivariate analysis. COX regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier analysis for calculating HRs and 95% CIs were adopted to determine the predictors of LOS. Stratified COX regression was applied to analyze the relationship between predictors and LOS and to calculate interaction. Results. A total of 14172 patients with HFMD were included. It showed that HFMD would occur in males, infants, and summer. Cause and symptoms are the two aspects of conventional Western medicine treatments, while TCM treatment of HFMD took clearing heat and detoxification as the basic principle. Inpatients with HFMD were divided into two groups by the use ratio of TCM. Age, season, and disease severity were possible correlated factors of LOS, extrapolating from their disparity in distribution. By stratified Cox regression, three factors following presented as possible contributions to shortening LOS, including TCM ≥ 0.1 (HR = 1.79, 95% CI (1.67–1.92), P < 0.01), winter (HR = 1.28, 95% CI (1.12–1.47)), P < 0.01), mild HFMD (HR = 1.93, 95% CI (1.69–2.22), P < 0.01). Additive interaction of TCM use and disease severity was significant (RERI = 1.014 (0.493–1.534), P < 0.01). Conclusion. Young children and high temperature were the risk factors of HFMD infection, which suggests that increasing surveillance for susceptible particular-age individuals and season is indispensable. Favorable factors to decrease LOS included a higher proportion of TCM use, mild HFMD, and onset in winter. The proportion of TCM use had additive interaction with disease severity, indicating that TCM may have antiviral and other biological effects on HFMD. Increasing the proportion of TCM use was probably beneficial to shortening LOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical overuse is the leading cause of high expenditure among healthcare systems worldwide, with the degree varying from region to region. There is increasing evidence to indicate that in China, National Healthcare Security Administration (NHSA) supervision plays the most crucial role in decreasing medical overuse. For medical overuse, traditional studies focus on empirical researches and qualitative analysis, most of which ignore how the two important participants, i.e., medical institutions and NHSA, affect the strategy of each other. To reduce the losses incurred by insufficient supervision, this study starts from bounded rationality, builds an evolutionary game model to study the relations between the NHSA and medical institutions, and reveals the dynamic evolution process of the supervision of NHSA and overuse of medical institutions. Through stable evolutionary strategy analysis, numerical simulation results, and sensitive experiments under diverse scenarios, we found that when profit gap of medical overuse is high or low, medical institution will adopt fixed strategy, which is medical overuse or appropriate medical use. Only when the profit gap is at a medium level will NHSA's choice affects medical institutions' strategy. Furthermore, NHSA's strategy is affected by the profit gap between medical use and supervision cost. Our work enriches the understanding of supervision for medical overuse and provides theoretical support for the NHSA to make decisions to reach an ideal condition, i.e., to supervise without exertion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To investigate the association of folic acid (FA) supplementation with hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (HDCP) and preeclampsia in Jiangsu Province, China. Materials and Methods. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 10,662 women with infants born between January 2017 and December 2018 were enrolled in Jiangsu Province, China. Maternal women with and without FA supplement intake were compared in this study. FA supplementation included 0.4 mg FA (0.4 FA), multivitamins with 0.4 mg FA (multivitamin (MV)+0.4 FA), and multivitamins with 0.8 mg FA (MV + 0.8 FA). Associations between FA intake, FA supplement dose or duration, (MV + FA) dosage per weight, and HDCP were analysed using ANOVA, the chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis. Results. Over the study follow-up period, the incidences of HDCP and preeclampsia were 3.5%, 1.4%, and 2.2%, 0.6% in the non-FA supplementation and FA supplementation groups, but only 1.5% and 0.1% in the MV + 0.8 FA group in early pregnancy. Compared with the non-FA group, HDCP and preeclampsia had the lowest risk in the MV + 0.8 FA group among the seven FA supplementation groups (HDCP: RR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.27-0.68, P = 0.001 ; preeclampsia: RR = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.03–0.33, P = 0.001) in early pregnancy. Compared with the 0.4 FA alone group, the risk of HDCP and preeclampsia in women taking MV + 0.8 FA was significantly reduced (RR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.41–0.87, P = 0.008 ; preeclampsia: RR = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.06–0.60, P = 0.005) in early pregnancy. (MV + FA)/BMI supplementation was associated with the risk of HDCP in early pregnancy (P trend = 0.002). Conclusions. MV supplement with 0.8 mg FA during early pregnancy may be effective in reducing HDCP and preeclampsia risk. The study provided the viewpoint that (MV + FA)/BMI could be used as a reference for FA intake in pregnant women of different weights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: We aim to determine workplace bullying in relation to the professional quality of life of nurses and the mediating role of resilience between workplace bullying and the professional quality of life. Background: Workplace bullying is an increasingly serious problem worldwide and deleteriously affects the occupational health and quality of life of nurses. However, it has not attracted adequate managerial attention. Method: A cross‐sectional study was conducted using a sample of 493 clinical nurses from two tertiary grade A hospitals in Guangzhou, China. Data were collected through an online questionnaire survey in July 2020 and analysed with structural equation modelling. Results: Workplace bullying had negative and direct effects on the professional quality of life of nurses. Resilience mediated the relationship between workplace bullying and the professional quality of life. Conclusion: Resilience is a protective factor that helps nurses cope with workplace bullying. Managers can improve the professional quality of life of nurses by reducing workplace bullying and strengthening the resilience of nurses. Implications for Nursing Management: Managers must take measures to prevent the workplace bullying of nurses. In addition, nurse supervisors should pay attention to the resilience of nurses and strengthen resilience training to help nurses withstand the pressure of workplace bullying and improve their professional quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The purpose of our study was mainly to explore the effect of different shift work on cognitive and executive performance in a real clinical environment among nurses from China. Background: Working in shifts can disrupt circadian rhythm, resulting in reduced sleep duration, which can have a detrimental effect on cognitive function. To provide continuous service for patient care, shift work is often a special requirement for nurses. The Stroop test can be used to measure selective attention and reaction time during executive function. However, there have been limited studies about the effect of shift work on the cognitive performance of nurses by Stroop tests. Additionally, no study has been conducted in nurses working in shifts from China. Methods: Registered nurses in general ward, Department of Neurology, from West China Hospital of Sichuan University, were eligible and consecutively included if they were simultaneously responsible for the day, evening and night shifts on the shift work schedule. A fatigue questionnaire and Stroop tests were performed for each subject separately before and after three working shifts (morning, evening and night shift) to measure changes in fatigue, reaction time and accuracy. Results: Eighteen registered nurses (4 males and 14 females) were included in our study, with a median age of 25 years old. The fatigue degree was significantly increased after day and evening shifts (p =.015 and <.001, respectively). Compared with those in the preshifts, the reaction time in the neutral task and incongruent task was significantly quicker after the day shift (p =.001, p <.001) and night shift (p =.008,.019). In contrast, the reaction time after the evening shift was mildly increased, although without significance. There was no significant difference in accuracy among the three different working shifts. In addition, there was a negative correlation between the fatigue score and reaction time on the incongruent task in the Stroop test before the day shift (r = −.542, p =.020). The fatigue score in the postday shift was found to be inversely related to working hours in the daytime (r = −.500, p =.034). Conclusions: Our study showed that increased fatigue was found in nurses after day and evening shifts, and shift work can affect the reaction time after the evening shift. However, there was no significant difference in accuracy and a high level of attention could be maintained among the three working shifts, suggesting a highly developed sense of responsibility in our nurses. Implications for Nursing Management: In addition to focusing on the common adverse effects of evening or night shifts on nurses, fatigue in the day shift should be paid special attention to by the leadership in the nursing management. Also, nurse managers can implement specific strategies to reduce fatigue after the day shift by shortening the working hours in the daytime appropriately, setting rest periods in the day shift or dividing nurses into morning and afternoon shifts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about the pattern, influencing factors of peer relationships, or their interplays amongst community‐dwelling older people. This qualitative study was undertaken to understand and present these issues under the guidance of existing Adams‐Blieszner‐Ueno integrative conceptual framework for friendship in the context of China. Semi‐structured interviews were undertaken with 20 older adults in Chongqing, China. Interview transcripts were then analysed by performing content analysis under the guidance of existing categories of Adams‐Blieszner‐Ueno integrative conceptual framework for friendship and developing separate categories inductively to ensure all data was captured. The results revealed four themes—context, individual characteristics, interactive motifs and peer relationship patterns—and 16 categories. Based on the original Adams‐Blieszner‐Ueno integrative conceptual framework for friendship, the revised framework for peer relationships modified two dimensions (from structural context to social context, friendship patterns to peer relationship patterns) and added two categories (natural context and health status) that emerge from the data. Besides, different dimensions in the modified framework for peer relationships are explicitly interrelated and not completely independent from each other. In conclusion, this study modified the pre‐existing Adams‐Blieszner‐Ueno integrative conceptual framework for friendship, especially identifying two additional categories, natural context and health status, to understand peer relationships amongst the Chinese community‐dwelling older people through careful examination of the data. All domains concerning the modified conceptual framework of peer relationship may serve as possible targets for developing peer‐involved programs and thus improving social health, well‐being and successful ageing of Chinese older people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current and long-term regional economic imbalance in China requires ongoing attention. To ensure the balanced development of China's renewable energy, it is therefore important to examine the causes of the differences in China's renewable energy from a variety of perspectives. The spatial distribution pattern and characteristics of China's per capita GDP (gross domestic product) from 2012 to 2021 were examined in this study using the exploratory spatial data analysis tool. In addition, it conducts an empirical investigation into the spatial spillover effect of RED and the manufacturing agglomeration in China (regional economic development). The findings indicate that in the eastern region, the total backward link value of the feedback effect of 17 industrial sectors is 0.8524, and in the central region, the value is 0.8139. The real per capita GDP of neighboring provinces will increase by 0.118% for every 1% increase in manufacturing agglomeration level. According to the overall ranking, China's RED level is very uneven due to a number of factors. We should direct and encourage the manufacturing industry to congregate in various regions, optimize the spatial pattern of manufacturing industry agglomeration, and fully exploit SSE in order to promote China's RED and reduce the difference in RE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The majority of research examines the relationship between finance and the environment empirically, but they lack a comprehensive theoretical framework. To shorten this gap, we develop an analytical framework dubbed "management in resource constraint settings" and elucidate the theoretical process of finance constraints influencing environmental performance. We explore the influence of finance constraints on environmental performance of China's enterprises, as well as their possible mechanism, using financial data from A-share listed companies on the Shanghai Stock Exchange from 2010 to 2019. Our findings suggest that financial constraints can drastically reduce China's firms' environmental performance, and that green management is a viable channel. These discoveries are crucial for China's ecological civilization and considerable economy to develop in a coordinated manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the oil and gas industry, traditional logging mostly deems that oil and gas reservoirs are characterized by high resistivity, whereas the water layer is often by low resistivity. However, a lot of exploration and development practices on shale gas reservoirs in Sichuan Basin, China, prove that it is hard to characterize a functional relation between resistivity and water saturation using the Archie equation. Therefore, to make clear the mechanism to form low resistivity in shale gas reservoirs, the matrix resistivity was calculated through the percolation network simulation based on pore structure characteristics and mineral compositional parameters. Moreover, the resistivity in low-resistivity laminations of shale was measured through the finite element simulation. In addition, the reasons for such low resistivity in shale were analyzed according to the resistivity-forming mechanism, and the effects of penetration degree, width, quantity, and spatial distribution of the laminations on the resistivity were worked out. Those may provide theoretical support for explaining the phenomenon of low-resistivity gas reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

State-owned enterprise (SOE) reforms may play a vital role in R&D investment. This paper investigates the impact of mixed ownership reform of SOEs in China on R&D investment. Using a large sample of Chinese SOEs for the 2009–2018 period, we find that the reform has a positive effect on R&D investment. The result is robust to a battery of robustness tests and more prominent for firms with non-state-owned large shareholders holding more shares relative to state-owned large shareholders, and for firms with less stress from local officials pursuing political promotion. Furthermore, we find that to compensate for the adverse impact of R&D on the political promotion of the CEO, non-state-owned large shareholders allow the CEO to increase perk consumption. Our study suggests that the ongoing mixed ownership reform in China improves the SOEs' efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]