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The biological effects of specific wavelengths, so-called “far-infrared radiation” produced from ceramic material (cFIR), on whole organisms are not yet well understood. In this study, we investigated the biological effects of cFIR on murine melanoma cells (B16-F10) at body temperature. cFIR irradiation treatment for 48 h resulted in an 11.8% decrease in the proliferation of melanoma cells relative to the control. Meanwhile, incubation of cells with cFIR for 48 h significantly resulted in 56.9% and 15.7% decreases in the intracellular heat shock protein (HSP)70 and intracellular nitric oxide (iNO) contents, respectively. Furthermore, cFIR treatment induced 6.4% and 12.3% increases in intracellular reactive oxygen species stained by 5-(and 6)-carboxyl-2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and dihydrorhodamine 123, respectively. Since malignant melanomas are known to have high HSP70 expression and iNO activity, the suppressive effects of cFIR on HSP70 and NO may warrant future interest in antitumor applications.

This is the first study to investigate the biological activities of fermented extracts ofRhodiola roseaL. (Crassulaceae) andLonicera japonicaThunb. (Caprifoliaceae).Alcaligenes piechaudiiCC-ESB2 fermented and ethanol extracts ofRhodiola roseaandLonicera japonicawere prepared and the antioxidative activities of different concentrations of samples were evaluated usingin vitroantioxidative assays. Tyrosinase inhibition was determined by using the dopachrome method with L-DOPA as substrate. The results demonstrated that inhibitory effects (ED50values) on mushroom tyrosinase of fermentedRhodiola rosea, fermentedLonicera japonica, ethanol extract ofLonicera japonica,and ethanol extract ofRhodiola roseawere 0.78, 4.07, 6.93, and >10 mg/ml, respectively. The DPPH scavenging effects of fermentedRhodiola rosea(ED50= 0.073 mg/ml) and fermentedLonicera japonica(ED50= 0.207 mg/ml) were stronger than effects of their respective ethanol extracts. Furthermore, the scavenging effect increases with the presence of high content of total phenol. However, the superoxide scavenging effects of fermentedRhodiola roseawas less than effects of fermentedLonicera japonica. The results indicated that fermentation ofRhodiola roseaandLonicera japonicacan be considered as an effective biochemical process for application in food, drug, and cosmetics.