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To satisfy the adaptability of forecasting the short-term and abrupt volume of the initial metro network, we build the multiple enter linear regression (MELR) model to explore the determinants and forecast the intensity during the twice expansion of the initial metro network in Xi'an. We further compare the prediction of the metro transport capacity between the MELR models with exponential smoothing and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models. Results show that the passenger intensity significantly fluctuates with the months and days, and MELR model is more adapted for the short-term prediction of the abrupt volume than the ARIMA model during the new metro line opening and the old line expands, which avoids the drawback of time series models that need a huge database. This study provides a guide for the prediction of initial metro network volume and accurate purchase of the rail vehicles during the metro planning and expends stages., Author(s): Tao Lyu [1]; Mingfei Xu [1]; Jia Zhang [2]; Yuanqing Wang (corresponding author) [1]; Liu Yang [3]; Yanan Gao [1,4] 1. Introduction With the rapid development of urbanization, the [...]

It is well accepted that IFN-[gamma] is important to the development of acquired resistance against murine schistosomiasis. However, the in vivo role of this immunoregulatory cytokine in helminth infection needs to be further investigated. In this study, parasite burden and host immune response were observed in IFN-[gamma] knockout mice (IFNg KO) infected with Schistosoma japonicum for 6 weeks. The results suggested that deficiency in IFN-[gamma] led to decreased egg burden in mice, with low schistosome-specific IgG antibody response and enhanced activation of T cells during acute infection. Microarray and qRT-PCR data analyses showed significant upregulation of some cytotoxicity-related genes, including those from the granzyme family, tumor necrosis factor, Fas Ligand, and chemokines, in the spleen cells of IFNg KO mice. Furthermore, CD8+ cells instead of NK cells of IFNg KO mice exhibited increased transcription of cytotoxic genes compared with WT mice. Additionally, Schistosoma japonicum-specific egg antigen immunization also could activate CD8+ T cells to upregulate the expression of cytotoxic genes in IFNg KO mice. Our data suggest that IFN-[gamma] is not always a positive regulator of immune responses. In certain situations, the disruption of IFN-[gamma] signaling may up-regulate the cytotoxic T-cell-mediated immune responses to the parasite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]