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Summary: The heterostructural construction of metal disulfide/oxide is essential in the electrochemical performance as anode material for lithium‐ and sodium‐ion batteries (LIBs and SIBs). In this work, an integrated composite of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and hexagonal molybdenum dioxide (MoO2) together enwrapped in reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is synthesized under hydrothermal condition. In the pelletizing MoS2‐MoO2/rGO composite, rGO as substrate effectively prevents the restacking and pulverization of MoS2‐MoO2 during a long cycling process. Meanwhile, the synergistic effect among the MoS2, MoO2, and rGO components are responsible for abundant active sites and shorten ionic transport channels. When evaluating as anode material for LIB, MoS2‐MoO2/rGO sample presents excellent cyclic performance and still delivers a high capacity of 1062.3 mA h g−1 after 120 cycles at 0.2 A g−1; evaluating in a SIB at 0.04 A g−1, it presents excellent cyclic performance and delivers 430 mA h g−1 at the 80th cycle. The heterostructural composite MoS2‐MoO2/rGO is one of the candidate anode materials for high‐performance LIB and SIB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]