Search

Objectives. The aims of this study were to assess the morphologic features of peri-implant defects, as measured on 2D intraoral radiographs, and to investigate the possible correlation between such morphology and other parameters related to the position and characteristics of the implant or the implant-supported prosthesis. Materials and Methods. Implants with peri-implantitis were included in this retrospective study. Data collected were related both to the patients and to the position/characteristics of the implants and the implant-supported prosthesis. Measurements of the morphologic defects were performed by two operators on digitalized intraoral periapical radiographs. Results and Conclusion. In total, 73 implants in 27 patients were included. The measurements of the periapical radiograph suggested that the most common defect conformation was crateriform, with both intraosseous and horizontal components. An inverse correlation was found between the extension of the peri-implant lesion and the time between the radiographic assessment and the implant placement. The total lesion area was strongly correlated to oral hygiene levels. No correlations between lesion extension and smoking, diabetes, history of periodontal were found. In conclusion, the results from this 2D radiographic study showed the prevalence of crateriform peri-implant defects, with a hygiene-correlated extension, perceptible on the mesial and distal aspects; 3D imaging could be used when available for further research and clinical investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The kidney's microstructure, which comprises a highly convoluted tubular and vascular network, can only be partially revealed using classical 2D histology. Considering that the kidney's microstructure is closely related to its function and is often affected by pathologies, there is a need for powerful and high-resolution 3D imaging techniques to visualize the microstructure. Here, we present how cryogenic contrast-enhanced microCT (cryo-CECT) allowed 3D visualization of glomeruli, tubuli, and vasculature. By comparing different contrast-enhancing staining agents and freezing protocols, we found that the preferred sample preparation protocol was the combination of staining with 1:2 hafnium(IV)-substituted Wells-Dawson polyoxometalate and freezing by submersion in isopentane at −78°C. This optimized protocol showed to be highly sensitive, allowing to detect small pathology-induced microstructural changes in a mouse model of mild trauma-related acute kidney injury after thorax trauma and hemorrhagic shock. In summary, we demonstrated that cryo-CECT is an effective 3D histopathological tool that allows to enhance our understanding of kidney tissue microstructure and their related function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgroud. The results of the Fontan operation, depending on the anatomy of the pulmonary arteries, have been studied quite well. Various indices have been proposed to assess the degree of hypoplasia of the pulmonary arterial bed (Nakata, Reddy, and McGoon indexes). At the same time, an obstruction of pulmonary venous blood return may be considered as a contraindication to Fontan operation. Aim of the Study. To present an optimal method for pulmonary venous index (PVI) calculation based on computed tomography angiography (CTA) enhancement of the heart data in patients with a functional single ventricle. Materials and Methods. 63 patients with a functional single ventricle (SV) underwent CTА (Philips, Brilliance iCT) before the Fontan operation. Axial sections were reconstructed to a thickness of 0.75–3 mm using soft tissue and lung filters, followed by postprocessing of the data (Horos and OsiriX software) and construction of multiplanar and 3D images. The diagnoses were presented by various types of SV of the heart. The age of the patients ranged from 3 to 30 years (median 7 years). Comparison of PVI was carried out in patients of two groups: those who survived the intervention (n = 55 patients) and those who died (n = 8). The evaluation of the pulmonary veins (PV) and the calculation of the pulmonary venous index (PVI) were carried out based on the measurement of each pulmonary vein at 2 levels (at the level of the orifices and bifurcation). The calculation of the PVI was carried out according to the formula: the sum of the cross-sectional area of the main pulmonary veins, related to the body surface area. 3 variants of PVI calculation were compared: taking into account the values of the PV areas at the level of the orifices, the bifurcation, and the sum of the minimum areas of each of the PVs. Results. In the group of survived patients, the median PVI at the level of the PV orifices was 292 mm/m2, and in the group of deceased, it was 242 mm/m2 p = 0.0326 ; at the level of PV bifurcation in the group of survivors, it was 299 mm/m2, and in the group of dead patients, it was 281 mm/m2 p = 0.0776 ; the minimum PVI was 257 mm/m2 in the survivor group and 218 mm/m2 in the deceased group p = 0.006 . An ROC analysis performed to determine the critical value of the minimum PVI affecting survival after Fontan operation revealed that PVI measured taking into account the minimum dimensions of the areas of the PV is a significant risk factor for death after Fontan operation p = 0.00015 , with its value (cutoff) <233.5 mm2/m2. Conclusion. The value of the minimum PVI can be an important morphological indicator of the state of PV blood return and serve as an additional criterion in determining indications for the Fontan operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. The present study evaluated the therapeutic effects of luteolin in alleviating pulpitis of dental pulp- (DP-) derived microvesicles (MVs) via the inhibition of protein kinase R- (PKR-) mediated inflammation. Methodology. Proteomic analysis of immortalized human dental pulp (DP-1) cell-derived MVs was performed to identify PKR-associated molecules. The effect of luteolin on PKR phosphorylation in DP-1 cells and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in THP-1 macrophage-like cells were validated. The effect of luteolin on cell proliferation was compared with that of chemical PKR inhibitors (C16 and 2-AP) and the unique commercially available sedative guaiacol-parachlorophenol. In the dog experimental pulpitis model, the pulps were treated with (1) saline, (2) guaiacol-parachlorophenol, and (3) luteolin. Sixteen teeth from four dogs were extracted, and the pulp tissues were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to analyze the expression of phosphorylated PKR (pPKR), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and CD68. Experimental endodontic-periodontal complex lesions were established in mouse molar through a silk ligature and simultaneous MV injection. MVs were prepared from DP-1 cells with or without pretreatment with 2-AP or luteolin. A three-dimensional microcomputed tomography analysis was performed on day 7 (n = 6). Periodontal bone resorption volumes were calculated for each group (nonligated–ligated), and the ratio of bone volume to tissue volume was measured. Results. Proteomic analysis identified an endogenous PKR activator, and a protein activator of interferon-induced PKR, also known as PACT, was included in MVs. Luteolin inhibited the expressions of pPKR in DP-1 cells and TNF-α in THP-1 cells with the lowest suppression of cell proliferation. In the dog model of experimental pulpitis, luteolin treatment suppressed the expression of pPKR-, MPO-, and CD68-positive cells in pulp tissues, whereas guaiacol-parachlorophenol treatment caused coagulative necrosis and disruption. In a mouse model of endodontic-periodontal complex lesions, luteolin treatment significantly decreased MV-induced alveolar bone resorption. Conclusion. Luteolin is an effective and safe compound that inhibits PKR activation in DP-derived MVs, enabling pulp preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The 3D T1W turbo field echo sequence is a standard imaging method for acquiring high-contrast images of the brain. However, the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) can be affected by the turbo factor, which could affect the delineation and segmentation of various structures in the brain and may consequently lead to misdiagnosis. This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of the turbo factor on image quality and volumetric measurement reproducibility in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods. Brain images of five healthy volunteers with no history of neurological diseases were acquired on a 1.5 T MRI scanner with varying turbo factors of 50, 100, 150, 200, and 225. The images were processed and analyzed with FreeSurfer. The influence of the TFE factor on image quality and reproducibility of brain volume measurements was investigated. Image quality metrics assessed included the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of white matter (WM), CNR between gray matter/white matter (GM/WM) and gray matter/cerebrospinal fluid (GM/CSF), and Euler number (EN). Moreover, structural brain volume measurements of WM, GM, and CSF were conducted. Results. Turbo factor 200 produced the best SNR (median = 17.01) and GM/WM CNR (median = 2.29), but turbo factor 100 offered the most reproducible SNR (IQR = 2.72) and GM/WM CNR (IQR = 0.14). Turbo factor 50 had the worst and the least reproducible SNR, whereas turbo factor 225 had the worst and the least reproducible GM/WM CNR. Turbo factor 200 again had the best GM/CSF CNR but offered the least reproducible GM/CSF CNR. Turbo factor 225 had the best performance on EN (-21), while turbo factor 200 was next to the most reproducible turbo factor on EN (11). The results showed that turbo factor 200 had the least data acquisition time, in addition to superior performance on SNR, GM/WM CNR, GM/CSF CNR, and good reproducibility characteristics on EN. Both image quality metrics and volumetric measurements did not vary significantly (p > 0.05) with the range of turbo factors used in the study by one-way ANOVA analysis. Conclusion. Since no significant differences were observed in the performance of the turbo factors in terms of image quality and volume of brain structure, turbo factor 200 with a 74% acquisition time reduction was found to be optimal for brain MR imaging at 1.5 T. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomechanics researchers often experimentally measure static or fluctuating dynamic contact forces, areas, and stresses at the interface of natural and artificial joints, including the shoulders, elbows, hips, and knees. This information helps explain joint contact mechanics, as well as mechanisms that may contribute to disease, damage, and degradation. Currently, the most common in vitro experimental technique involves a thin pressure-sensitive film inserted into the joint space; but, the film's finite thickness disturbs the joint's ordinary articulation. Similarly, the most common in vivo experimental technique uses video recording of 3D limb motion combined with dynamic analysis of a 3D link-segment model to calculate joint contact force, but this does not provide joint contact area or stress distribution. Moreover, many researchers may be unaware of older or newer alternative techniques that may be more suitable for their particular research application. Thus, this article surveys over 50 years of English-language scientific literature in order to (a) describe the basic working principles, advantages, and disadvantages of each technique, (b) examine the trends among the studies and methods, and (c) make recommendations for future directions. This article will hopefully inform biomechanics investigators about various in vitro and in vivo experimental methods for studying the contact mechanics of joints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional inclination measurement method usually measures one-dimensional or two-dimensional inclinations of power transmission towers. This research proposed a method, which is feasible to measure three-dimensional (3D) inclinations using the stereo images of power transmission towers. The main work of this method is the 3D reconstruction of power transmission tower model using stereo images and the calculation of 3D inclinations. As for the 3D reconstruction, a method of calculating the matching cost using a combination of multichannel red–green–blue stereo pairs and Sobel edge detection stereo pairs is proposed to obtain accurate matching cost, and a method of invalid disparity judgment is proposed to detect the invalid disparities in small closed areas; as for the calculation of 3D inclinations, a 3D inclination calculation method is put forward to measure 3D inclinations by rotation and translation of different 3D reconstruction models. The experiment shows that the 3D reconstruction quality is good and the results of the 3D inclinations are accurate, which is of great value in the static or dynamic measurement of 3D inclinations of power transmission towers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In ophthalmology, optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a widely used imaging modality, allowing visualisation of the structures of the eye with objective and quantitative cross-sectional three-dimensional (3D) volumetric scans. Due to the quantity of data generated from OCT scans and the time taken for an ophthalmologist to inspect for various disease pathology features, automated image analysis in the form of deep neural networks has seen success for the classification and segmentation of OCT layers and quantification of features. However, existing high-performance deep learning approaches rely on huge training datasets with high-quality annotations, which are challenging to obtain in many clinical applications. The collection of annotations from less experienced clinicians has the potential to alleviate time constraints from more senior clinicians, allowing faster data collection of medical image annotations; however, with less experience, there is the possibility of reduced annotation quality. In this study, we evaluate the quality of diabetic macular edema (DME) intraretinal fluid (IRF) biomarker image annotations on OCT B-scans from five clinicians with a range of experience. We also assess the effectiveness of annotating across multiple sessions following a training session led by an expert clinician. Our investigation shows a notable variance in annotation performance, with a correlation that depends on the clinician's experience with OCT image interpretation of DME, and that having multiple annotation sessions has a limited effect on the annotation quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital rock twins are widely used to obtain hydraulic properties of porous media by simulating pore-scale fluid flow. Multifractal characteristics of pore geometry and flow velocity distribution have been discovered with two-dimensional (2D) images and three-dimensional (3D) models, whereas the dependency of results on the resolution is not well known. We investigated resolution-dependent multifractal properties of 3D twin models for a sandstone sample with originally 3 μm resolution images. 3D pore-scale water flow was simulated with the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). As indicated by multifractal analyses, the generalized dimension spectra, the Hölder exponent spectra, and singularity spectra of the flow velocity are similar to that of the pore geometry but different in ranges and sensitivities to the change in the model resolution. Nonlinear dependencies of 2D/3D porosity, holistic/slice permeability, equivalent pore radius squared, and multifractal parameters on the resolution were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of computer science has led to the rapid development of new media technology. Among them, VR technology is sought after by the vast market for its multidimensional experience and immersive model. VR technology plays an important role in today's art exhibition and presentation. However, in the process of transforming 2D images into 3D models, traditional VR technology has some problems, such as long loading time, low model decision-making efficiency, and chaotic operation process, which often lead to visual interference when viewers watch art. Based on this background and the interactive page algorithm based on traditional VR technology, this paper studies and improves the visual interference in immersive multimedia art design by using task technology perception matching model (TTF). The results show that the improved task technology perception matching model reduces the visual and auditory interference by 10% in the process of virtual reality art display and viewing, and the model layout is more reasonable, and the utilization rate is higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reflection acoustic logging is a new technology for identifying geological structures around the well. It can be used to describe the geological structure, such as formation interface, fracture, and limestone cave. Based on the acoustic logging tool composed of the source and array receiver, the method can be used to image the geological structure around the well. Through migration imaging, the section crossing the well can be obtained in any azimuth. In the current three-dimensional (3D) display technology of reflection acoustic logging, the reflection plane around the well is always displayed as a reflection arc. The arc surface correction method can correct the arc surface in 3D imaging into a plane. According to the similarity criterion in a physical experiment and the need for practical research, we designed a scale model well experiment of dipole reflection acoustic logging. We obtained the 3D display of the reflection structure around the well by the experiment and realized the arc surface correction of the 3D display in reflection acoustic logging. The application shows the method can qualitatively describe the lateral extension length of the geological structure around the well. After the arc surface correction, the geological structure can be more accurately described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of three-dimensional (3D) facial scans for facial analysis is increasing in maxillofacial treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the consistency of two-dimensional (2D) and 3D facial analyses performed by multiple raters. Six men and four women (25–36-year-old) participated in this study. The 2D images of the smiling and resting faces in the frontal and sagittal planes were obtained. The 3D facial and intraoral scans were merged to generate virtual 3D faces. Ten clinicians performed facial analyses by investigating 14 indices of 2D and 3D faces. Intra- and interrater agreements of the results of 2D and 3D facial analyses within and among the participants were evaluated. The intrarater agreement between the 2D and 3D facial analyses varied according to the indices. The highest and lowest agreements were found for the dental crowding index (0.94) and smile line curvature index (0.56) in the frontal plane, and Angle's classification (canine) index (0.98) and occlusal plane angle index (0.55) in the profile plane. In the frontal plane, the interrater agreements were generally higher for the 3D images than for the 2D images, while in the profile plane, the interrater agreements were high in the Angle's classification (canine) index however low in the other indices. Several occlusion-related indices were missing in the 2D images because the posterior teeth were not observed. Esthetic analysis results between 2D and 3D face images can differ according to the evaluation indices. The use of 3D faces is recommended over 2D images to increase the reliability of facial analyses, as it can fully assess both esthetic and occlusion-related indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the quality of multimedia teaching in higher education, this article analyzes the problems existing in multimedia education in higher education, improves the multimedia teaching system, and proposes a three-dimensional multimedia image surface extraction method based on crease. Moreover, this article uses the level set method to segment the Gaussian smoothed multimedia data to obtain the preliminarily divided target fault area and then extracts the fault surface as the feature of the target area. The analysis demonstrates that the multimedia teaching system of higher education based on the artificial intelligence model can effectively enhance the multimedia teaching mode and promote its further development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The instability of high rock slopes with tunnel structures increases under the effects of earthquakes and rainfall. Limited studies have been conducted on the long-term effect analysis of high rock slopes with tunnels. Field electrical measurements on rock slopes have been conducted to study the response of high rock slopes with large cross-section tunnels during rainfall and seismic loading. The material threshold was determined using the resistivity probability density statistical method, and a three-dimensional geological visualization model was obtained. A three-dimensional mesh reconstruction method consisting of material segmentation, cluster filtering, mesh generation, and material attribute mapping modules was proposed. The three-dimensional model of high-cutting rock slope was reconstructed, and the three-dimensional finite element model of the rock slope with tunnel was obtained. The response analysis of the slope was performed during rainfall and seismic loading by employing the El-Centro wave. The results demonstrated that plastic strain was generated in the fracture zone of the upper part of the tunnel during rainfall, and the strain value was 8.135 × 10−4. In the subsequent stages, it had a tendency to expand into the tunnel under continuous rainfall. The maximum principal strain was 3.324 × 10−2 under the effect of a strong earthquake. A large strain was generated in the fracture zone at the upper part of the tunnel. It had a tendency to expand under long-term load, which significantly affected the safety of the tunnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. This study is aimed at investigating the alterations in cerebellar volumes and intrinsic cerebellar network in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) in comparison with healthy controls. Methods. Patients newly diagnosed with JME and healthy controls were enrolled. Three-dimensional T1-weighted imaging was conducted, and no structural lesions were found on brain magnetic resonance imaging. Cerebellar volumes were obtained using the ACAPULCO program, while the intrinsic cerebellar network was evaluated by applying graph theory using the BRAPH program. The nodes were defined as individual cerebellar volumes and edges as partial correlations, controlling for the effects of age and sex. Cerebellar volumes and intrinsic cerebellar networks were compared between the two groups. Results. Forty-five patients with JME and 45 healthy controls were enrolled. Compared with the healthy controls, the patients with JME had significantly lower volumes of the right and left cerebellar white matter (3.33 vs. 3.48%, p = 0.009 ; 3.35 vs. 3.49%, p = 0.009), corpus medullare (0.99 vs. 1.03%, p = 0.04), and left lobule V (0.19 vs. 0.22%, p = 0.002). The intrinsic cerebellar networks also showed significant differences between the two groups. The small-worldness index in the patients with JME was significantly lower than that in the healthy controls (0.771 vs. 0.919, p = 0.04). Conclusion. The cerebellar volumes and intrinsic cerebellar network demonstrated alterations in the patients with JME when compared with those of the healthy controls. Our study results provide evidence that the cerebellum may play a role in the pathogenesis of JME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the concept of quality education put forward, students' sports activities have received extensive attention from society. As a result, sports injuries among students during sports have also aroused widespread concern, so it is an irreversible trend to detect sports injuries. The development of multimedia intelligent 3D image technology also provides technical support for sports injury detection, which makes it possible to automatically detect sports injuries. In this paper, an automatic detection system for sports injuries was designed based on multimedia intelligent three-dimensional image technology, and the related content was evaluated. In the investigation of the parts of students' sports injuries, it was concluded that the injury rate of the students' ankle joints was the highest; in the investigation of the types of sports injuries among students, it was concluded that students were more likely to suffer from joint sprains; in the project investigation of students' sports injuries, it was concluded that students were more prone to sports injuries in ball games with a large amount of exercise; in the investigation of the causes of students' sports injuries, it was concluded that the main reasons for students' sports injuries were physical insufficiency and a bad venue environment; in terms of the performance evaluation of the sports injury detection system, it was concluded that the accuracy, effectiveness, authenticity, and efficiency of the sports injury automatic detection system based on multimedia intelligent three-dimensional image processing technology had been improved to different degrees compared with the traditional sports injury detection methods. Therefore, the detection efficiency of the sports injury automatic detection system proposed in this paper was improved by 5.7% compared with the traditional sports injury detection method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Techniques used for breast cancer detection usually incorporate Infrared Thermography (IRT) to locate abnormal hotspots or asymmetry in a thermal texture map. This can be unreliable due to various individual differences from one person to another. In this paper, a detection method that is independent of the aforementioned limitations is proposed. This technique is a combination of thermal imaging and high-frequency excitation. This technique is based on the fact that the differences in electromagnetic and thermal properties of abnormal (malignant) tissue and the surrounding normal tissue will result in a noticeable difference in temperature increase after exposure to high-frequency excitation. A three-dimensional (3-D) finite-element method (FEM) has been used to simulate the thermal behavior of breast tissue exposed to antenna excitations. Finally, the effectiveness of this technique was tested in a series of experiments using a life-sized breast phantom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate image feature point detection and matching are essential to computer vision tasks such as panoramic image stitching and 3D reconstruction. However, ordinary feature point approaches cannot be directly applied to fisheye images due to their large distortion, which makes the ordinary camera model unable to adapt. To address such a problem, this paper proposes a self-supervised learning method for feature point detection and matching on fisheye images. This method utilizes a Siamese network to automatically learn the correspondence of feature points across transformed image pairs to avoid high annotation costs. Due to the scarcity of the fisheye image dataset, a two-stage viewpoint transform pipeline is also adopted for image augmentation to increase the data variety. Furthermore, this method adopts both deformable convolution and contrastive learning loss to improve the feature extraction and description of distorted image regions. Compared with traditional feature point detectors and matchers, this method has been demonstrated with superior performance on fisheye images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this project is to write a program in the C++ language that can recognize motions made by a subject in front of a camera. To do this, in the first place, a sequence of distance images has been obtained using a depth camera. Later, these images are processed through a series of blocks into which the program has been divided; each of them will yield a numerical or logical result, which will be used later by the following blocks. The blocks into which the program has been divided are three; the first detects the subject's hands, the second detects if there has been movement (and therefore a gesture has been made), and the last detects the type of gesture that has been made accomplished. On the other hand, it intends to present to the reader three unique techniques for acquiring 3D images: stereovision, structured light, and flight time, in addition to exposing some of the most used techniques in image processing, such as morphology and segmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Degenerative mitral valve (MV) regurgitation (DMR) shows significative mitral annulus (MA) alterations; mitral valve repair (MVR) seeks to restore annular geometry and function, and the current use of flexible band seams to respect most annular mobility reducing parietal stress. Parameters of MV geometry obtained by 3D transesophageal echocardiography (3D‐TTE) analysis are crucial for surgical planning and postoperative success. The aim of this study was to assess, by means of a dedicated software, the variations of MA geometry and function in patients affected by DMR compared to controls and after MVR with flexible band. Methods: We enrolled 32 patients (cases) with severe DMR who underwent MVR using flexible band; we compare this group with 20 controls. The TEE with 3D MV images acquisition was performed in both groups and then analyzed in postprocessing by using a dedicated software. Results: There were no anthropometrics differences between cases and controls, both presented normal left ventricular ejection fraction. DMR group showed a significant increase of annulus dimensional parameters (p =.001) and alteration of nonplanarity comparing to controls (p <.05). The annuloplasty with flexible band induces a considerable reduction of MV dimensions comparing to preoperative data and restores physiological mobility and nonplanarity. There were no statistical differences between postoperative DMR and controls data, except for nonplanarity parameters (p ~.05), maybe influenced by hemodynamic settings. Conclusions: MVR with annuloplasty using flexible band appears able to reinstate a more physiological anatomic conformation of the MA, without compromising its dynamic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study describes the clinical workflow for occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) increase in patients showing extensive tooth wear and mild teeth misalignment/crowding. A patient affected by dental erosion and occlusal abnormalities was treated to improve her situation. After ascertaining sound condyle and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) conditions, an OVD increase was sought to provide enough inter-occlusal space for the restorations. The use of TMJ three-dimensional imaging throughout the clinical procedures allowed to objectively track the condyle and disk position and confirm a steady condyle–glenoid cavity relationship before definitive restorations placement. Sectional clear aligner therapy prior to totally additive prosthetic rehabilitation allowed obtaining slight derotation and movements of anterior teeth, thus maximizing sound tissue preservation. Adhesively luted restorations were finally delivered on both anterior and posterior sectors. At the end of the treatment, the pre-operative TMJ balance appeared successfully preserved, and the patient was satisfied with the aesthetic and function achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Few studies have been conducted to examine the displacement characteristics of both-column acetabular fractures (BCAFs). The goal of this study was to investigate the displacement pattern of anterior column (AC) and posterior column (PC) fragments in BCAFs using 3D virtual software. Materials and Methods. BCAFs were retrospectively reviewed, and 81 patients were enrolled. Computed tomography (CT) images were imported into Mimics software. A 3D model of each pelvis was generated. Four marked points and the rotation angle of each of the injured ACs and PCs were identified. The fracture fragments were reduced virtually using the software, and the change in coordinates of the marked points after reduction was recorded while the rotation angle was measured. The measurements of positional and directional displacement were analysed using the Mann–Whitney U test and the binomial test, respectively. Results. There was a propensity for AC fragments to shift superomedially and to rotate externally (p < 0.001). Additionally, the posteroinferior fracture area of AC fragments showed the greatest displacement (p < 0.05). PC fragments moved superomedially (p < 0.001) and moved more at the proximal end than the distal end (p < 0.001). PC displacement was always accompanied by internal rotation (p < 0.001). Greater AC displacement was observed in the fracture area further away from the acetabulum (p < 0.05). Greater rotation was observed for the AC than the PC (p < 0.001). Conclusion. After a BCAF occurs, there are regular patterns regarding the direction and distance of AC and PC fragment displacement. Information on these patterns may provide insight into the injury mechanism and fracture morphology and facilitate surgical decision-making for orthopaedic trauma surgeons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study to explore strategies for reducing cement leakage during cement-augmented pedicle screw fixation, we compared the cement distribution patterns and biomechanical strengths of different types of cement-augmented fenestrated screws and traditional cement-augmented techniques. We compared five screw groups in this study: (1) Cannulated screws (Cann); (2) distal one-hole screws (D1); (3) distal two-hole screws (D2); (4) middle two-hole screws (M2); and (5) traditional screws with a traditional cement injection technique (Trad). The screws were inserted into cancellous bone blocks using a controlled, adequate cement injection pressure (1.6–2.0 kg), and an appropriate cement viscosity. Center to screw tip distance, three-dimensional distribution, and pull-out strength for cement were compared between groups. The average distance between the cement center and the screw tip was highest in the M2 group, suggesting a higher risk of cement leakage into the spinal canal. The Trad group had the highest migration distance in the z-axis, also reflecting a higher risk of leakage into the spinal canal. The D1 group had the highest pull-out strength (253 ± 48.82 N and 797 ± 58.31 N) in bone blocks representing different degrees of osteoporosis, and the D2 group had the second highest pull-out strength in the severe osteoporosis model. Overall, D1 screws appeared to be the best option for optimizing biomechanical function and minimizing the risk of cement leakage into the spinal canal in patients with osteoporotic bone undergoing spinal surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurogenic intestinal care is currently a major research topic in the medical field. In order to improve the accuracy of neurogenic intestinal care and simplify the process of neurogenic intestinal care, this paper adopts a three-dimensional analysis theory to extract the key indicators in neurogenic intestinal care. Through the analysis and calculation of the test data, the calculation results of neurogenic intestinal care under the effect of three-dimensional reconstruction technology were obtained. Through the analysis of the results, the calculation law under the action of the optimization model can be obtained. Based on the three-dimensional reconstruction theory, the contents of neurogenic intestinal care were analyzed by the three-dimensional reconstruction de-highlighting algorithm. The three-dimensional curve was used to screen the key indicators of neurogenic intestinal care, so as to obtain the optimized heavy weight model, and the three-dimensional reconstruction model can analyze the indicators of neurogenic intestinal care. It can be seen from relevant studies that different indicators have different trends in their range of change in the curve projection diagram of the 3D curve screening method. Among them, the curve shadow and curve point have obvious downward changes, while the curve deviation has U-shaped changes. The range of curve weights is relatively large. The variation rule between different data in the 3D curve segment can be obtained through the cost function. Among them, the cost function index and the cost model parameter have the same change trend, and the overall fluctuation range is relatively small through the space index. In the calculation results of neurogenic intestinal care, different factors will have a great influence on the calculation results. Neurons and intestinal peristalsis have the same change trend, while the linear characteristics of nerve endings are relatively obvious, and the fluctuation characteristics of gastrointestinal digestion are good. The health standard decreases linearly with the increase of the sample, and the dynamic reconstruction has a positive effect on the data. This study can provide research ideas for the analysis of neurogenic gut. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rise of manufacturing informatization, many transactions are conducted on the Internet, but the final form of transaction completion is the transaction of actual products, which makes the logistics industry emerge as the times require. How to achieve the optimal allocation scheme and the fastest efficiency in the supply chain has become an urgent problem to be solved. This paper considers the characteristics and advantages of 3D image processing technology, describes the characteristics of 3D image processing supply chain (SC), and analyzes the channels that 3D image technology affects SC. Combining the respective characteristics of fuzzy theory and grey theory, the two theories are combined to develop strengths and circumvent weaknesses to form grey fuzzy theory. Comprehensive evaluation of supply chain logistics capability can achieve better evaluation results. The application of grey theory in this chapter includes constructing the factor set of the evaluation index system and determining the weight matrix of the factor set with the game method. The grey fuzzy evaluation weight matrix (i.e., single index evaluation result) is determined with the grey theory, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation result is finally calculated. This paper studies the supply chain logistics capability evaluation and optimization system from the aspects of system analysis, system function module design, and system architecture design and analyzes the overall goal, demand, feasibility, system business process, and data flow of the system construction. At the same time, this paper designs the supply chain logistics capability evaluation and optimization system and shows some functional interfaces. It is of great significance to improve the responsiveness, total inventory level, total cost level, supply chain performance, agility, and flexibility of the supply chain in the new environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, deep learning has made successful applications and remarkable achievements in the field of medical image registration, and the method of medical image registration based on deep learning has become the current research hotspot. However, the performance of convolutional neural networks may not be fully exploited due to neglect of spatial relationships between distant locations in the image and incomplete updates of network parameters. To avoid this phenomenon, MHNet, a multiscale hierarchical deformable registration network for 3D brain MR images, was proposed in this paper. This network was an unsupervised end-to-end convolutional neural network. After training, the dense displacement vector field can be predicted almost in real-time for the unseen input image pairs, which saves a lot of time compared with the traditional algorithms of independent iterative optimization for each pair of images. On the basis of the encoder-decoder structure, this network introduced the improved Inception module for multiscale feature extraction and expanding the receptive field and the hierarchical forecast structure to promote the update of the parameters of the middle layers, which achieved the best performance on the augmented public dataset compared with the existing four excellent registration methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problems of the traditional 3D simulation system of indoor soft decoration, such as the lack of effective enrichment, rendering means, and poor authenticity when selecting the geometric modeling method to simulate the effect of indoor soft decoration, this paper proposes a 3D simulation system of indoor soft decoration based on OpenGL and Direct3D. The system uses 3DMAX software to establish the indoor model, imports the model into the OpenGL 3D graphics standard library module, draws the indoor soft decoration scene elements using the basic geometric elements, and constrains the scene elements through the wall, overlap, and size constraint functions, so as to ensure the reasonable layout of the indoor soft decoration agent area and enrich the indoor model. After enrichment, the indoor model is transmitted to the Direct3D rendering engine module transformation unit to implement the soft decoration layout, and the lighting unit and rasterization unit are used to render the indoor after layout so as to obtain the optimal indoor soft decoration effect and output the 3D simulation image of indoor soft decoration. The experimental results show that the favorability, operation sensitivity, design portability, design satisfaction, and soft fitting effect score of the system are higher than those of the Untiy3D system and Smart3D system. The average score of this system is about 95, while the average score of the Untiy3D system is lower than 89, and the average score of the Smart3D system is lower than 85. Conclusion. The three-dimensional simulation effect of indoor soft decoration of this system is good, the design is convenient, the operation is sensitive, and the user satisfaction is high, which provides a reliable analysis basis for indoor design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food waste utilization using technological innovations can aid in addressing food waste issues. Thus, this study aimed to develop functional biscuits enriched with apple, amla, and apple–amla mix pomace (Industrial waste). The knowledge of the rheological properties of dough was considered during biscuit development. Besides, the effect of various combinations of apple, amla, and the mix pomace (5%–20% with 5% increment) on physical, textural, sensory, and microstructural characteristics of the functional biscuit was investigated. X‐ray microcomputed tomography (X‐ray μCT) scanning coupled with image analysis was used for microstructural characterization. The textural attributes and color characteristics of the functional biscuits were significantly different compared to the control sample. The dough formulation (pomace) and variation in microstructure properties significantly affected the physical, textural, and sensory properties. Furthermore, a remarkable reduction in the total volume (up to 25.4%) and total surface area of pores (up to 45.5%) of functional biscuit was noted. The volume fraction of solid phase showed an increasing trend as the composition of pomace rises and the porosity reduced drastically from 37.24% in control sample to 17.48% in apple–amla mix 20% sample. Three‐dimensional images of biscuits analyzed by an X‐ray μCT system also supported the quantitative results. The functional biscuit prepared by partial replacement of wheat flour by 10% amla pomace is best in dough rheology, microstructural, textural, and sensory attributes. In conclusion, amla, apple, and mix pomace biscuits enhance the nutritional, functional, and overall characteristics of the sample. The results of this study aid in utilizing waste (pomace) of the amla and apple industry into a valuable dietary product. Novelty impact statement: The study is one of the few studies on apple and amla pomace and their utilization for functional food product development. Also, the effect of amla and apple pomace composite on biscuit preparation is a novel work. The replacement of apple and amla pomace up to 10% for biscuit preparation was desirable. At 20% replacement, the color, texture, internal structure, rheological properties, and sensory characteristics of developed biscuits were not desirable. X‐ray microcomputed tomography (X‐ray μCT) coupled with image analysis technology is novel in food processing. The internal structure analysis of biscuits prepared was very helpful in correlating various properties. The development of functional food from waste generated by the fruit processing industries can improve the economy of the industry at the same time, the environmental pollution problem can also be tackled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. To investigate the value of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with 3D-image-guided afterloading intracavitary radiotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). Methods. Patients with cervical cancer admitted to our hospital from January 1, 2020 to January 1, 2021 were retrieved and analyzed. Cases treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 3D-image-guided afterloading intracavitary radiotherapy were assigned into the observation group (OG), while cases with neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone were assigned into the control group (CG). The short-term effects were determined by RECIST 1.1. Total effective rate TR = complete remission CR + partial remission PR . The serum levels of squamous epithelial cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag), glycoantigen 125 (CA125), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were assessed. In view of the difference between tumor markers and diameters before and after treatment, the correlation between them was analyzed by Pearson test. The adverse events were compared, and the amount of operative bleeding and operation time were evaluated. Cox regression analysis was conducted to assess the influencing factors of 1-year disease-free survival time. Results. Sixty-seven patients were retrieved, including 30 cases in the OG and 37 cases in the CG. There were no significant differences in age, pathological type, tumor size, FIGO stage, past medical history, or smoking history between the two groups (P > 0.05). The TR of patients in the OG was higher than that in the CG (P < 0.05). The SCC-Ag, CA125, CEA, and VEGF levels in the OG decreased markedly after treatment (P < 0.001). The difference in SCC-Ag, CA125, CEA, and VEGF was positively correlated with the difference in tumor diameter before and after treatment (P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse events revealed no obvious difference between the OG and CG (P > 0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that FIGO stage and treatment regimens were independent prognostic factors for 1-year disease-free survival (P < 0.05). Conclusion. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with 3D-image-guided afterloading intracavitary radiotherapy can improve the TR rate and 1-year disease-free survival of LACC patients without increasing the incidence of adverse events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When we examine the development history of visual transmission design, we can see that media technology application and visual transmission design innovation are frequently intertwined. The relevant work outcomes attained during the process of art design practice typically exhibit the traits of dynamic and dynamic performance with a clear degree of expression, against the backdrop of the practical advancement and widespread use of developing media technology. In light of the influence of new media art, it is essential to understand the development trend of art design in order to perform well in visual transmission design. The audience will be given access to more varied and richer visual transmission information thanks to the wise deployment of multimedia techniques. This work develops a three-dimensional picture reconstruction algorithm based on the visual transmission phenomenon. The relative error, matching degree, and signal-to-noise ratio were chosen as evaluation indices. Three sets of tests were conducted to determine how noiseless image, noisy image, and various sampling frequencies affected the quality of the reconstructed image. The testing results demonstrate that the three-dimensional picture rebuilding system has a 22.34% higher antinoise ability and has a significantly superior overall effect than the conventional three-dimensional image rebuilding system. It offers greater practical application value and does a decent job of keeping image details and edges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imaging image acquisition and display has always been an important application field of visual communication art. A good imaging acquisition and display system can give the audience an excellent visual experience. However, conventional imaging image acquisition equipment is too bulky and expensive. At the same time, the existing imaging acquisition technology is generally only suitable for two-dimensional plane design. It is difficult to construct the three-dimensional and realistic sense of actual objects, which makes the development of the entire imaging system slow. Existing imaging acquisition technologies have difficulty keeping pace with the technological age. In this paper, according to the actual needs, a three-dimensional imaging technology was proposed to improve the efficiency of imaging image acquisition. And the principle of imaging information display was used to enhance the visual communication effect. Then, at the algorithm level, virtual reality technology was combined with convolutional neural network-related algorithms to improve the overall accuracy of the algorithm and control the error well. The experimental results showed that the optimized VR technology leads the whole stage in terms of mean square error. Among them, after testing 400 samples in the two experiments, the error performance is controlled below 0.32, and the best error control performance is 0.07; the unoptimized virtual reality technology error control is not ideal. The minimum error failed to break below 0.2, and the optimized algorithm had a high accuracy of 99.3%, which greatly improved the feasibility of the imaging information acquisition and display system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The whip leg technique is an indispensable offensive action for high-level Sanda athletes in the competition. In order to improve the effective guidance of the action of Wushu Sanda whip leg, based on wavelet transform, the three-dimensional image analysis of Sanda whip leg technical action characteristics, to explore the movement speed of each link of the attacking leg, the contraction form, and force sequence of major muscles or muscle groups and put forward correct and reasonable movement techniques, is expected to provide theoretical basis and reference for coaches and athletes in the training of Sanda whip leg movement. Based on this, this paper attempts to use the three-dimensional image analysis system and surface electromyography acquisition system from the perspective of wavelet transform to collect the speed of the attacking leg movement and the parameters related to muscle discharge and to quantitatively analyze and evaluate its movements. The sequence of activities of the whip leg strike is hip joint-knee joint-hip joint-knee joint-ankle joint. It is suggested to strictly follow the principle of link movement in practice, and the completion of the whole movement should be relaxed and natural. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of computer vision technology in the medical field provides more accurate technical support for oral disease detection. The research proposes the CT image denoising algorithm based on wavelet and bilateral filtering. Through the study of the imaging principle of CT image and the CT image acquisition scene, the CT image data is filtered by wavelet and bilateral filtering algorithm, and the algorithm is proposed from the peak signal-to-noise ratio, structural similarity, and the effective detection of three-dimensional image construction of the image. The test results show that the proposed algorithm has excellent performance in the aspects of peak signal-to-noise ratio, structural similarity, and error of mean square. When the proportions of Gaussian noise are 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%, the MSE error values of the proposed algorithm are 0.002, 0.004, 0.006, and 0.007, respectively, and the performance is the best in the comparison of multiple algorithms. The contents of the research provide an important theoretical reference for the treatment of clinical oral diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The application of medical image three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technology can provide intuitive 3D image data support for accurate preoperative evaluation, surgical planning, and operation safety. However, there is still a lack of high-quality evidence to support whether 3D reconstruction technology is more advantageous in liver resection. Therefore, this study systematically evaluated the clinical effects of 3D reconstruction and two-dimensional (2D) image-assisted hepatectomy. Methods. Databases were searched to collect published clinical studies on 3D reconstruction technology and 2D image-assisted liver resection. Data were extracted from the database construction to March 2022 and the risk of bias in the included studies was evaluated. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.3 software. Results. A total of 13 clinical studies were included, including 1616 patients, 795 in the 2D group and 819 in the 3D group. The meta-analysis showed that the incidence of postoperative complications was lower in the 3D group than in the 2D group (OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.49–0.83, P = 0.001) and also reduced operation time (SMD = −0.51, 95% CI = −0.74∼−0.27, P < 0.0001), decreased intraoperative blood loss (SMD = −63.85, 95% CI = −98.66–29.04, P = 0.0003), decreased incidence of postoperative liver failure (OR = 2.42, 95% CI = 0.99–5.95, P = 0.05), decreased postoperative recurrence rate (OR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.16–0.53, P < 0.0001), and increased postoperative survival rate (OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.49–3.23, P < 0.0001). Conclusions. Current data suggest that 3D reconstruction-assisted hepatectomy can reduce intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, and recurrence, and improve postoperative survival. Therefore, the 3D reconstruction technique is worthy of application and promotion in assisted liver resection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the vigorous development of computer, two-dimensional data acquisition technology and massive data dynamic visualization information technology, two-dimensional geographic information system (GIS) has gradually matured, and has been transferred from the initial visual expression to thematic application. Because 3D geographic information system has the characteristics of multidimensional data processing, classification, and presentation of information, it breaks through the confinement of monotonously displayed information on the traditional two-dimensional plane and has made breakthroughs in government assisted decision-making, national resource investigation, intelligent transportation, and other fields. E-commerce has been widely used in the field, and it is also very obvious in the field of spatial information socialization, playing an irreplaceable intergenerational effect. The visualization of landscape design is one of the key technologies to construct 3D GIS. Based on the combination of basic research and practical application, this paper deeply analyzes the openness of the garden 3D visualization system using artificial intelligence technology and completes the overall structure design of the 3D visualization system on the basis of studying the practical value and feasibility. Combined with the construction of the system, it is true to determine the acquisition method and construction method of three-dimensional landscape architecture model data, classify the landscape architecture information, and establish geometric model type libraries and texture model libraries. At the same time, the system adopts the object-oriented spatial relational database management mode to organize and manage the three-dimensional landscape building data efficiently and quickly. Determine the corresponding software and hardware configurations, carry out the interface design of the system and the division of functional modules, and establish a three-dimensional terrain visualization system for landscape architecture. In order to improve the operational efficiency of the system, the data is rationally organized and managed while taking optimization measures for the 3D model. Finally, the system adopts AI technology and uses component technology to realize the research of the intelligent terminal application system of landscape architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 21st century witnesses innovative concepts in the field of technology and multimedia integrated with networking. The new concept is referred to as Virtual Reality, which is a combination of multimedia and networking. Virtual Reality is wholly different from other advanced technologies that are visually appealing. The main features of virtual reality are identified as spatial conception, perception comprehensiveness, and information interaction. Apart from the above, other specialties of virtual reality are the generation of 3D images and presenting information in a unique way. These features are generally applied across different fields, such as environmental design, architecture, public art design, and other industries. Virtual Reality processes the precise data calculation and then optimises the display experience of the users/customer. It also fulfills customers' needs and enhances user satisfaction by exchanging valuable information. The entire gaming industry applies Virtual Reality, and thus, the world looks more mature. Even the tourism industry has started using Virtual Reality which has the potential to bring novel experiences and vitality to the audience. Therefore, it can be confirmed that the application of Virtual Reality will undergo continuous development and advancement, adjusting to the needs of the industries. The primary aim of this study is to gain an in-depth understanding of the Virtual Reality concept and the application of Virtual Reality in art design and to examine the impact of Virtual Reality on public art design. This article also reviews the features of Virtual Reality and its application in art designs. The advantages of Virtual Reality will also be discussed broadly. At last, this study proposes a feasibility model of Virtual Reality that can be applied in public art design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To model and compare the stress variation and distribution of the implant and its supporting components under two types of loading with the abutment in the axial and coronal lingual augmentation positions by means of the 3D finite element method. Method. 15 all-ceramic crowns completed by the same technician between the years 2014 and 2015 were randomly selected. A high precision laser scanner was used to scan the specimen models of all-ceramic crowns and then converted and imported into the promapping software to create 15 solid models each in the axial position of the crown and the lingual augmentation position of the crown. Results. We showed that the abutments were significantly more stressed in the bone cortex than in the bone cancellous under both loads when the abutments were in the long axis position and in the lingual ridge position of the dentition. The distribution of stresses in the bone tissue was mainly concentrated in the cortical bone. The stresses induced by oblique forces were greater than those induced by vertical forces. When comparing the abutment in the long axis position of the dentition with the lingual ridge position of the dentition, the peak stresses obtained from the stress analysis of the abutment in the lingual ridge position were all increased to different degrees under both loads, and the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05) suggesting that the design of the abutment in the direction of the long axis of the dentition is less stressful than that of the crown in the lingual augmentation position, and the risk of alveolar ridge resorption and screw fracture is less. Conclusion. In this paper, we proposed a dental 3D scanning system, which is less stressful based on a 3D reconstruction algorithm using Fourier transform contouring that achieved a speed dental 3D scanner with Fourier transform contouring by projecting a raster pattern onto a dental impression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GIS technology can provide reasonable and sustainable data support for landscape planning and ecological development and make wetland landscape planning consider the spatial layout of landscape and the optimal allocation of resources more. The key technologies of cross media intelligence mainly focus on intelligent information retrieval, analysis and reasoning, knowledge map construction, and intelligent storage. Convolutional neural network (CNN), as one of the representative algorithms of deep learning, plays an important role in retrieving landscape data and extracting image and text features across media. Further retrieval of media data, in-depth text processing, and image feature data extraction are realized by using deep learning technology, and comprehensive in-depth analysis is carried out by combining landscape plane images, three-dimensional images, and vector information in GIS technology. Provide quantitative information for the evaluation system of human landscape, economy, history, and region, so as to formulate a scientific and reasonable performance evaluation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image stitching in 3D film production synchronizes multiple independent frame images as a single high-resolution output. The stitching process is common for displaying a large coverage or shot in a single frame containing distinct images. For improving the realistic accuracy of 3D film images, this manuscript introduces an Itinerant Pixel-Matching-based Stitching Process (IPMSP). The proposed stitching process relies on cross-sectional pixels identified in merging two or more images. Based on the linear cumulative distribution in augmenting images, the homogeneity feature is identified. If the homogeneity is high then the stitching for linear pixels occurs increasing the frame resolution and size. The cumulative distribution is determined using the recurrent neural network in verifying homogeneity and contrast. For the contrast pixels identified, the cross-sectional matching is performed for substituting similar pixels in the missing sections. The process is repeated until the stitching region is the same based on the homogeneity feature and increased dimensions. Therefore, this process is capable of improving accuracy, precision, substitution, and reducing errors and complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problems of inaccurate information collection, incomplete information collection, and inconsistency of collected images in traditional sports injury collection methods, an application method of moving target information perception technology in intelligent supervision system is proposed. By judging and analyzing the potential motion damage posture of the motion posture intelligent tracking images, the collected motion intelligence tracking images are judged. The intelligent tracking image matrix can make up for the shortcomings of traditional images that are not connected, complete the identification, detect potential damage in time, and take targeted preventive measures and means. Finally, according to the target detection algorithm and target tracking algorithm, combined with OpenCV computer vision library and QT image library, an intelligent video surveillance target tracking simulation system is developed. The algorithm studied in this paper is to realize the target tracking function of the intelligent video surveillance system. Through the comparison of experimental results, the design method can accurately collect damage attitude information, without calculating continuous values, and the use of three-dimensional images in the positioning process can analyze the damage attitude from multiple angles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endoscopic spine surgery (ESS) advances the principles of minimally invasive surgery, including minor collateral tissue damage, reduced blood loss, and faster recovery times. ESS allows for direct access to the spine through small incisions and direct visualization of spinal pathology via an endoscope. While this technique has many applications, there is a steep learning curve when adopting ESS into a surgeon's practice. Two types of navigation, optical and electromagnetic, may allow for widespread utilization of ESS by engendering improved orientation to surgical anatomy and reduced complication rates. The present review discusses these two available navigation technologies and their application in endoscopic procedures by providing case examples. Furthermore, we report on the future directions of navigation within the discipline of ESS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of artificial intelligence technology not only realizes the transformation of people's production and lifestyle but also promotes the transformation of the clothing industry. At present, the proportion of artificial intelligence in the clothing industry is becoming larger and larger. Using its advanced methods and technologies of information display and data analysis, this study is worth transforming and optimizing the clothing graphic design system under the artificial intelligence environment, so as to promote the intelligent development of the clothing industry. This study proposes to use three-dimensional image analysis algorithm technology to guide the integration of garment graphic design process and computer network, which is helpful to analyze and solve the imbalance between the singularity of traditional garment pattern design and people's aesthetic appreciation at present. Using the technology and principle of artificial intelligence for reference, the intelligent clothing graphic design system is constructed and analyzed. In the analysis of the clothing graphic design system of a group, the group applied artificial intelligence technology to the customized clothing in the production workshop of the company. Although the efficiency of the adjustment system is not as good as that of mass production, it eliminates inventory, and its net profit can reach 20–30%, which is much higher than that of traditional clothing. In contrast, the industry reported a net profit of 12% of the highest level. Therefore, it is urgent to analyze the intelligent garment graphic design system through artificial intelligence technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of imparting knowledge, faculty should give more emphasis to the acquisition of students' direct experience. Vivid three-dimensional visualization resources should be used for classroom teaching to help students better understand and grasp the visualization of knowledge. Based on this, this paper aims to study the English language intelligent translation system based on 3D visualization technology. In recent years, 3D application technology is transforming into multiuser applications supporting network environments. This transformation also promotes the application and development of 3D GIS technology. Transformer is a universal and efficient feature extractor. This paper proposes a design scheme for constructing 3D interactive visualization resources in teaching scenes. It is designed for specific disciplines and produces visual resources. Then, it analyzes and evaluates the actual effect of the application in teaching, to provide ideas for English translation education experts and teaching staff. It also builds a translation system based on B/S architecture, connects the server model and the client, and realizes the visualization and interaction of translation functions. In the experiments, 5% and 20% of the parallel corpus with a total of 12 M sentence pairs were used for pretraining of the translation model. Then, the number of monolingual corpus is gradually increased to train the model. Experiments show that when using the same amount of monolingual corpus, the translation model can achieve a more obvious effect on the pretrained model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of the new generation of technological revolution, the manufacturing industry has entered the era of intelligent manufacturing, and people have higher and higher requirements for the technology, industry, and application of product manufacturing. At present, some factories have introduced intelligent image recognition technology into the production process in order to meet the needs of customers' personalized customization. However, the current image recognition technology has limited capabilities. When faced with many special customized products or complex types of small batch products in the market, it is still impossible to perfectly analyze the product requirements and put them into production. Therefore, this paper conducts in-depth research on the improved model of product classification feature extraction and recognition based on intelligent image recognition: 3D modeling of the target product is carried out, and various data of the model are analyzed and recorded to facilitate subsequent work. Use the tools and the established 3D model tosimulate the parameters of the product in the real scene, and record them. Atthe same time, various methods such as image detection and edge analysis areused to maximize the accuracy of the obtained parameters, and variousalgorithms are used for cross-validation to obtain the correct rate of the obtaineddata, and the standard is 90% and above. Build a data platform, compare simulated data with display data by software and algorithm, and check by cloud computing force, so that the model data can be as close to the parameters of the real product as possible. Experimental results show that the algorithm has high accuracy and can meet the requirements of different classification prospects in actual production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weighted MR images of 421 patients with nasopharyngeal cancer were obtained at the head and neck level, and the tumors in the images were assessed by two expert doctors. 346 patients' multimodal pictures and labels served as training sets, whereas the remaining 75 patients' multimodal images and labels served as independent test sets. Convolutional neural network (CNN) for modal multidimensional information fusion and multimodal multidimensional information fusion (MMMDF) was used. The three models' performance is compared, and the findings reveal that the multimodal multidimensional fusion model performs best, while the two-modal multidimensional information fusion model performs second. The single-modal multidimensional information fusion model has the poorest performance. In MR images of nasopharyngeal cancer, a convolutional network can precisely and efficiently segment tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the problem of low precision in feature segmentation of biological images with large noise, a microfeature segmentation algorithm for biological images using improved density peak clustering was proposed. First, the center pixel and edge information of a biological image were obtained to remove some redundant information. The three-dimensional space of the image is constructed, and the coordinate system is used to describe every superpixel of the biological image. Second, the image symmetry and reversibility are used to obtain the stopping position of pixels, other adjacent points are used to obtain the current color and shape information, and more vectors are used to express the density to complete the image pretreatment. Finally, the improved density peak clustering method is used to cluster the image, and the pixels completed by clustering and the remaining pixels are evenly distributed into the space to segment the image so as to complete the microfeature segmentation of the biological image based on the improved density peak clustering method. The results show that the proposed algorithm improves the segmentation efficiency, segmentation integrity rate, and segmentation accuracy. The time consumed by the proposed biological image microfeature segmentation algorithm is always less than 2 minutes, and the segmentation integrity rate can reach more than 90%. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can reduce the missing condition and the noise of the segmented image and improve the image feature segmentation effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem of heavy workload of landscape plant modeling, the lack of efficient auxiliary or automatic methods for establishing three-dimensional models for various landscape plants, and the general three-dimensional models of landscape plants which cannot reflect the natural growth of plants and the interaction between the environment, this paper proposes a method of three-dimensional simulation of landscape design based on image sensors. This method includes the construction of three-dimensional image simulation landscape feature analysis function and rationality judgment model, so as to provide theoretical support for landscape design. The experimental results show that the matching number and matching rate of landscape feature points obtained by the traditional deep evaluation method are lower than those obtained by the 3D image simulation method used in this paper, and the steps of image feature points matching are relatively simple. With the gradual expansion of the scope, the accuracy of the three-dimensional image simulation judgment method used in this paper is gradually improved, up to 89%, while the traditional method is always maintained at about 40%. Conclusion. The 3D simulation landscape design method based on image sensor has higher accuracy and wider application prospect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the application value of three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound (3D-PDU) in fetal growth restriction (FGR) is explored. The retrospective cohort study enrolled pregnant women (with a gestational week of 11–13 + 6 weeks) who received routine health care in the obstetrics and gynecology clinic of our hospital from January 2020 to January 2021. The placentae were scanned using 3D-PDU, and the subjects were followed up until delivery. The fetuses were divided into the control group (n = 322) and FGR group (n = 44) according to their birth weight. There was no significant difference in nuchal translucency (NT), crown-rump length (CRL), and placental volume (PV) during the first trimester between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, the FGR group showed significantly lower levels of vascularisation index (VI), flow index (FI), and vascularisation flow index (VFI) and a higher incidence of fetal distress and neonatal asphyxia (P < 0.05). The FGR group showed a longer gestational week at birth, a higher probability of cesarean section, and a lower 5-minute Apgar score than the control group (P < 0.05). The VI, FI, and VFI of the control group were significantly higher than those of the FGR group. Pearson analysis showed that birth weight was positively correlated with VI and FI (P < 0.05). 3D-PDU assesses the blood perfusion of the fetus and placenta in the first trimester and predicts the pregnancy outcome, which shows great potential in the early diagnosis of FGR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image classification and recognition has a very wide range of applications in computer vision, which involves many fields, such as image retrieval, image analysis, and robot positioning. Especially with the rise of brain science and cognitive science research, as well as the increasing diversification of imaging means, three-dimensional image data mainly based on magnetic resonance image plays an increasingly important role in image classification and recognition, especially in medical image classification and recognition. However, due to the high dimensional characteristics of human magnetic resonance images, human readability is reduced. Therefore, classification and recognition of 3-dimensional images is still a challenge. In order to better extract local features from images and effectively use their spatial information, this paper improved the "feature bag" and "spatial pyramid matching" algorithms on the basis of 3D feature extraction algorithm and proposed an image classification framework based on 3D feature extraction algorithm. Firstly, the multiresolution "3D spatial pyramid" algorithm, the multiscale image segmentation and image representation method, and the SVM classifier and feature fusion method are described. Secondly, the gender information contained in the magnetic resonance images is classified and recognized on the three databases selected in the experiment. Experimental results show that this method can effectively utilize the spatial information of three-dimensional images and achieve satisfactory results in the classification and recognition of human magnetic resonance images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical 3D image reconstruction is an important image processing step in medical image analysis. How to speed up the speed while improving the accuracy in 3D reconstruction is an important issue. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a 3D reconstruction method based on image feature point matching. By improving SIFT, the initial matching of feature points is realized by using the neighborhood voting method, and then the initial matching points are optimized by the improved RANSAC algorithm, and a new SFM reconstruction method is obtained. The experimental results show that the feature matching rate of this algorithm on Fountain data is 95.42% and the matching speed is 4.751 s. It can be seen that this algorithm can shorten the reconstruction time and obtain sparse point clouds with more reasonable distribution and better reconstruction effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]