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The analysis of thermal performance in second generation of nanofluids (hybrid nanofluids) attained much attention of the researchers, scientists, engineers, and industrialists. These fluids have ultra-high thermal characteristics due to which their broad applications could be found in many areas of technological world. Therefore, a novel analysis regarding the heat transfer is conducted over a stretched surface by considering combined convection, thermal radiations, and magnetic field. The hybrid nanofluid is synthesized by Cu-Al2O3 guest hybrid-nanomaterial and host liquid H2O. The hybrid flow model is solved numerically and decorated the results over the region of interest. It is drawn that the velocity drops by increasing the strength of Cu-Al2O3 fraction and applied Lorentz forces. Furthermore, the thermal performance of Cu-Al2O3/H2O augmented against stronger thermal radiations, volumetric fraction, and magnetic field effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanofluids are solid-liquid mixtures that have a dispersion of nanometer-sized particles in conventional base fluids. The flow and heat transmission in an unstable mixed convection boundary layer are affected by the thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity uncertainty of a nanofluid over a stretching vertical surface. There is time-dependent stretching velocity and surface temperature instability in both the flow and temperature fields. It is possible to scale the governing partial differential equations and then solve them using ordinary differential equations. Cu and Al2O3 nanofluids based on water are among the possibilities being investigated. An extensive discussion has been done on relevant parameters such as the unsteadiness parameter and the mixed convection parameter's effect on solid volume fraction of nanoparticles. In addition, alternative nanofluid models based on distinct thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity formulas are examined for their flow and heat transmission properties. On the basis of the comparison, it is concluded that the results are spot on for steady state flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]