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Cognitive dysfunction is the most common and important nonmotor symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD) and can occur at any stage. However, there is still a lack of effective biomarkers to evaluate the decline in cognitive function and predict the progression of the disease, especially in the early stage. At present, the cognitive scale is widely used to evaluate the cognitive function of patients with PD, but its sensitivity and accuracy are relatively limited, especially in the early identification of mild cognitive impairment. Eye movement tracking is an advanced neurophysiological measurement method that serves as a powerful means to study the relationship between behavior and neural mechanisms. In recent years, eye movement tracking has been found to provide a nonverbal and less cognitive method to measure the disease progress of patients with cognitive impairment. Moreover, there is a good correlation between eye movement tracking and the traditional cognitive assessment scale, indicating that eye movement tracking can be used to evaluate and monitor the cognitive status, disease severity, and disease progression of patients with PD. Compared to the traditional cognitive scale, the eye movement detected by the instrument has better objectivity and repeatability. Existing studies have found that executive dysfunction is one of the most important manifestations of cognitive dysfunction in patients with PD and is related to an increase in the error rate of the saccade, an increase in the disinhibition of the delayed saccade task, and a prolongation of the saccade reaction time. This suggests that eye movement measurement plays an important role in the early diagnosis, progression, and differential diagnosis of PD and may even help to predict the disease progression of patients with PD and cognitive impairment. In this article, we review the correlation between cognitive impairment and eye movement disorder in patients with PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glass fiber‐reinforced plastics (GFRP) tube‐concrete‐steel tube double‐skin tubular beam (DSTB) is composed of an outer GFRP tube and an inner steel tube, with concrete sandwiched between two tubes. It possesses numerous advantages, including excellent ductility and corrosion resistance, lightweight, and convenient construction. Current research on DSTBs is primarily focused on the GFRP tube with an approximate ±90° fiber angle (the angle between the fiber direction and the longitudinal axis of DSTB). An experimental study on DSTBs with ±45°, ±56°, ±68°, and ±80° fiber angles was conducted under bending load. Experimental results show that the ultimate bearing capacity and deformation ability of DSTBs increases with the increase of fiber angle, the ultimate moment capacity of DSTBs with ±56°, ±68°, and ±80° fiber angles were 2.61%, 6.69%, and 6.74% higher than that of DSTB with ±45° fiber angle, respectively, the deformation ability of DSTBs with ±56°, ±68°, and ±80° fiber angles were 23.03%, 32.04%, and 38.48% higher than that of DSTB with ±45° fiber angle, respectively. However, the cracking strain decreases with the increase of fiber angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the effects of apricot kernel skins (AKS) addition and ultrasound treatment were investigated on the rheological and texture properties of the dough, and the specific volume, texture, and sensorial properties of bread by a three‐factor Box–Behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM), so as to make full use of the by‐products of AKS in industry. The results indicate that the incorporation of AKS in bread making did have some negative influences on the physical properties of dough and the quality of bread. Interestingly enough, the adverse effects from AKS addition could definitely be decreased by ultrasound treatment, with which the specific volume, springiness, cohesiveness, and resilience of bread could be improved to an extent, resulting in a good taste and sensory acceptability of the bread. In a word, this research could provide a novel approach for the AKS utilization in processing industry of apricot kernels. Novelty impact statement: The acceptable amount of apricot kernel skins (AKS) added to bread ingredients is no more than 6%.The optimal parameters for ultrasonic treatment of dough to reduce the negative effects of AKS on bread are 350 W power and 40‐min processing time.Ultrasound could improve the specific volume, springiness, cohesiveness, and resilience of bread with AKS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a systematic investigation of the geometric and electronic properties of GaAun0/- and Ga2Aun0/- (n = 1–4) clusters based on density functional theory and wave function theory. Detailed orbital analyses, adaptive natural density partitioning, and electron localization function analyses are performed and relevant results are discussed. GaAun0/- (n = 1–4) clusters with n-Au terminals and Ga2Aun0/- (n = 1–4) clusters with bridged Au atoms possess geometric structures and bonding patterns similar to those of the corresponding gallium hydrides GaHn0/- and Ga2Hn0/-. Ga–Au interaction is predicted to occur through highly polar covalent bonds in monogallium aurides. In contrast to the highly symmetric ground states of C2v Ga2Au, C2v Ga2Au2, and D3h Ga2Au3, C3v Ga2Au4 is composed of strong interactions between a Ga+ cation and the face of a tetrahedral GaAu4− anion. The adiabatic and vertical detachment energies of the anions under study are calculated to facilitate their experimental characterization. Geometric and electronic structural comparisons with the corresponding gallium hydrides are conducted to establish an isolobal analogy between gold and hydrogen atoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]