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[EN] At present, many detectors installed on both urban and interurban roads are capable of extracting information from vehicles such as speed, length or direction of traffic. However, very few sensors are currently able to communicate and exchange information with vehicles in real time. For this reason and due to the existing need for vehicle-infrastructure communication in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), this paper proposes the use of Radio-Frequency-Identification cards together with the magnetic loops already in operation on the road to extract and exchange information about different vehicles through bidirectional communication. This usage will lead to many applications. Therefore, different RFID cards and their operating mode and the electrical circuits necessary for accurate system operation will be presented and analyzed

[EN] At present, many detectors installed on both urban and interurban roads are capable of extracting information from vehicles such as speed, length or direction of traffic. However, very few sensors are currently able to communicate and exchange information with vehicles in real time. For this reason and due to the existing need for vehicle-infrastructure communication in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), this paper proposes the use of Radio-Frequency-Identification cards together with the magnetic loops already in operation on the road to extract and exchange information about different vehicles through bidirectional communication. This usage will lead to many applications. Therefore, different RFID cards and their operating mode and the electrical circuits necessary for accurate system operation will be presented and analyzed

[EN] In this paper, a detailed study about the value, in any point of space P(x, y, z), of the magnetic field generated by a rectangular loop that carries a current I has been made. The analysis focuses on the study of rectangular magnetic loops that are used as sensors in traffic control systems. The inductance of magnetic loops is calculated numerically in three different ways, and the optimal way of performing the numerical summation is derived, which takes into account the magnetic field singularity on the conductor itself. The calculations also take into account the distance between the different turns in the loop. Later, the results are compared with the most commonly used empirical methods for inductance calculation. This paper shows the great similarity between empirical and numerically calculated results and concludes with the experimental verification and validation of the obtained theoretical results. Thus, both the system to evaluate the results and the proposed numerical methods for inductance calculation can be used in other loops geometries. This methodology can also be used for the mutual inductance calculation that appears between a buried loop and any kind of vehicle geometry, whose oscillation frequency variation determines the magnetic signature. The mutual inductance calculation can be used to determine the signal level that can be exchanged between the loops on the pavement and those on the vehicle, which in turn can be used as a short-range communication system between vehicles and infrastructures, with applications such as vehicles classification, speed measurements, or communication between vehicles.

[EN] The set of applications and technological systems created to improve safety and efficiency in land transport (road and rail), that facilitate the control, management and monitoring are known as Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). ITS systems incorporate the new technologies for traffic control and management, which integrate information and communication systems between users and infrastructure, vehicles and others (pedestrians, authorities, concessionaire's service ...). To move efficiently through any mode of land communication one needs an integrated system. This system requires ton identify the type of vehicles which are on the road and to share information between these vehicles and infrastructure. To establish communication between vehicles and infrastructure, wireless communication is required. But incorporating a mobile communication system is expensive. Another possibility is using a dedicated short-range communication system, which is exempted from service payment but requires a high initial investment for the installation. This thesis presents a communication system between infrastructure and vehicles, using magnetic coils as antennas. Magnetic coils are world-wide used devices for vehicles detection due to its low maintenance and high durability. In the first part of this work the study of the magnetic field generated by rectangular coils and their validation with experimental data is proposed. For this analysis a simulating software was developed. It allows to know the distribution of the magnetic field generated by a magnetic loop. The second part consists in analyzing and proposing a model to calculate the voltage level that could be transmitted between two coils; the first coil is a transmitter and the other coil is a receiver. The simulation results were compared with experimental values. The mentioned results are used for the design of coils. This tool allows handling variables such as size, number of turns, supply current, separation distanc, [ES] El conjunto de aplicaciones informáticas y sistemas tecnológicos creados para mejorar la seguridad y eficiencia en el transporte terrestre (carreteras y ferrocarriles), facilitando la labor de control, gestión y seguimiento por parte de los responsables se conoce como Sistemas Inteligentes de Transporte (ITS por sus siglas en inglés). Los sistemas ITS incorporan las nuevas tecnologías para el control y la gestión de la circulación, que integran los sistemas de información y comunicación de los usuarios con la infraestructura, con los vehículos y con el resto los actores del tráfico (peatones, autoridades, empresas concesionarias de servicios,¿). Para poder desplazarse de manera eficiente a través de cualquier vía de comunicación terrestre, es necesario un sistema integral. Este sistema requiere identificar el tipo de vehículos que se encuentran sobre la vía y compartir información entre dichos vehículos y la infraestructura. Para establecer la comunicación entre vehículos e infraestructura, es necesaria una comunicación inalámbrica. Incorporar como medio de comunicación los sistemas móviles, implica un coste relativamente alto debido al cobro del tiempo aire. La otra posibilidad es la utilización de sistemas de comunicación de corto alcance dedicados, que están exentos del cobro de tiempo aire, pero que requieren una inversión inicial relativamente alta en la instalación del sistema. Este trabajo de tesis plantea una alternativa de comunicación entre infraestructura y vehículos, utilizando como antenas las espiras magnéticas. Las espiras magnéticas son dispositivos ampliamente utilizados en el mundo para la detección de vehículos, debido a su bajo coste de mantenimiento y su gran durabilidad. La primera etapa del trabajo plantea el estudio del campo magnético generado por espiras rectangulares y su validación con datos experimentales. Para este análisis se desarrolló un simulador que permite conocer la distribución del campo magnético generado por una espira ma, [CA] El conjunt d'aplicacions informàtiques i sistemes tecnològics creats per millorar la seguretat i eficiència en el transport terrestre (carreteres i ferrocarrils), per tal de facilitar la tasca de control, gestió i seguiment per part dels responsables, es coneix com a Sistemes Intel·ligents de Transport (ITS per les seues sigles en anglès). Els sistemes ITS incorporen les noves tecnologies per al control i la gestió de la circulació, les quals integren els sistemes d'informació i comunicació dels usuaris amb la infraestructura, amb els vehicles i amb la resta dels actors del tràfic (vianants, autoritats, empreses concessionàries de serveis¿). Per poder desplaçar-se de manera eficient a través de qualsevol via de comunicació terrestre, és necessari un sistema integral. Aquest sistema requereix identificar el tipus de vehicles que es troben sobre la via i compartir informació entre aquests vehicles i la infraestructura. Per a establir la comunicació entre vehicles i infraestructura, és necessària una comunicació sense fil. Incorporar com a mitjà de comunicació els sistemes mòbils, implica un cost relativament alt com a conseqüència del cobrament del temps aire. L'altra possibilitat és la utilització de sistemes de comunicació de curt abast dedicats, què estan exempts del cobrament de temps aire, però que requereixen una inversió inicial relativament alta en la instal·lació del sistema. Aquest treball de tesi planteja una alternativa de comunicació entre infraestructura i vehicles, utilitzant com a antenes les espires magnètiques. Les espires magnètiques són dispositius àmpliament utilitzats en el món per a la detecció de vehicles, a causa del seu baix cost de manteniment i la seua gran durabilitat. La primera etapa del treball planteja l'estudi del camp magnètic generat per espires rectangulars i la seua validació amb dades experimentals. Per aquesta anàlisi es va desenvolupar un simulador que permet conèixer la distribució del camp magnètic generat per una espira