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[EN] Cardiovascular diseases currently have a major social and economic impact, constituting one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Personalized computational models of the heart are demonstrating their usefulness both to help understand the mechanisms underlying cardiac disease, and to optimize their treatment and predict the patient's response. Within this framework, the Spanish Research Network for Cardiac Computational Modelling (VHeart-SN) has been launched. The general objective of the VHeart-SN network is the development of an integrated, modular and multiscale multiphysical computational model of the heart. This general objective is addressed through the following specific objectives: a) to integrate the different numerical methods and models taking into account the specificity of patients; b) to assist in advancing knowledge of the mechanisms associated with cardiac and vascular diseases; and c) to support the application of different personalized therapies. This article presents the current state of cardiac computational modelling and different scientific works conducted by the members of the network to gain greater understanding of the characteristics and usefulness of these models., [ES] Las enfermedades cardiovasculares tienen en la actualidad un gran impacto social y económico y constituyen una de las principales causas de mortalidad y morbilidad. Los modelos computacionales personalizados del corazón están demostrando ser útiles tanto para ayudar a comprender los mecanismos subyacentes a las patologías cardiacas como para optimizar su tratamiento prediciendo la respuesta del paciente. En este contexto, se ha puesto en marcha la Red Española de Investigación en Modelización Computacional Cardiaca (V-Heart SN). El objetivo general de V-Heart SN es el desarrollo de un modelo computacional multifísico y multiescala integrado del corazón. Este objetivo general se aborda a través de los siguientes objetivos específicos: a) integrar los diferentes modelos numéricos teniendo en cuenta la especificidad de los pacientes; b) ayudar a avanzar en el conocimiento de los mecanismos asociados a las diferentes patologías cardiacas y vasculares; y c) apoyar la aplicación de terapias personalizadas. Este artículo presenta el estado actual de la modelización computacional cardiaca y los diferentes trabajos científicos desarrollados por los miembros de la red para favorecer una mayor comprensión de las características y utilidad de los modelos.

[EN] Cardiovascular diseases currently have a major social and economic impact, constituting one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Personalized computational models of the heart are demonstrating their usefulness both to help understand the mechanisms underlying cardiac disease, and to optimize their treatment and predict the patient's response. Within this framework, the Spanish Research Network for Cardiac Computational Modelling (VHeart-SN) has been launched. The general objective of the VHeart-SN network is the development of an integrated, modular and multiscale multiphysical computational model of the heart. This general objective is addressed through the following specific objectives: a) to integrate the different numerical methods and models taking into account the specificity of patients; b) to assist in advancing knowledge of the mechanisms associated with cardiac and vascular diseases; and c) to support the application of different personalized therapies. This article presents the current state of cardiac computational modelling and different scientific works conducted by the members of the network to gain greater understanding of the characteristics and usefulness of these models., [ES] Las enfermedades cardiovasculares tienen en la actualidad un gran impacto social y económico y constituyen una de las principales causas de mortalidad y morbilidad. Los modelos computacionales personalizados del corazón están demostrando ser útiles tanto para ayudar a comprender los mecanismos subyacentes a las patologías cardiacas como para optimizar su tratamiento prediciendo la respuesta del paciente. En este contexto, se ha puesto en marcha la Red Española de Investigación en Modelización Computacional Cardiaca (V-Heart SN). El objetivo general de V-Heart SN es el desarrollo de un modelo computacional multifísico y multiescala integrado del corazón. Este objetivo general se aborda a través de los siguientes objetivos específicos: a) integrar los diferentes modelos numéricos teniendo en cuenta la especificidad de los pacientes; b) ayudar a avanzar en el conocimiento de los mecanismos asociados a las diferentes patologías cardiacas y vasculares; y c) apoyar la aplicación de terapias personalizadas. Este artículo presenta el estado actual de la modelización computacional cardiaca y los diferentes trabajos científicos desarrollados por los miembros de la red para favorecer una mayor comprensión de las características y utilidad de los modelos.

[EN] Introduction: Focal atrial tachycardia is commonly treated by radio frequency ablation with an acceptable long-term success. Although the location of ectopic foci tends to appear in specific hot-spots, they can be located virtually in any atrial region. Multi-electrode surface ECG systems allow acquiring dense body surface potential maps (BSPM) for non-invasive therapy planning of cardiac arrhythmia. However, the activation of the atria could be affected by fibrosis and therefore biomarkers based on BSPM need to take these effects into account. We aim to analyze the effect of fibrosis on a BSPM derived index, and its potential application to predict the location of ectopic foci in the atria. Methodology: We have developed a 3D atrial model that includes 5 distributions of patchy fibrosis in the left atrium at 5 different stages. Each stage corresponds to a different amount of fibrosis that ranges from 2 to 40%. The 25 resulting 3D models were used for simulation of Focal Atrial Tachycardia (FAT), triggered from 19 different locations described in clinical studies. BSPM were obtained for all simulations, and the body surface potential integral maps (BSPiM) were calculated to describe atrial activations. A machine learning (ML) pipeline using a supervised learning model and support vector machine was developed to learn the BSPM patterns of each of the 475 activation sequences and relate them to the origin of the FAT source. Results: Activation maps for stages with more than 15% of fibrosis were greatly affected, producing conduction blocks and delays in propagation. BSPiMs did not always cluster into non-overlapped groups since BSPiMs were highly altered by the conduction blocks. From stage 3 (15% fibrosis) the BSPiMs showed differences for ectopic beats placed around the area of the pulmonary veins. Classification results were mostly above 84% for all the configurations studied when a large enough number of electrodes were used to map the torso. However, the pre

[EN] Introduction: Focal atrial tachycardia is commonly treated by radio frequency ablation with an acceptable long-term success. Although the location of ectopic foci tends to appear in specific hot-spots, they can be located virtually in any atrial region. Multi-electrode surface ECG systems allow acquiring dense body surface potential maps (BSPM) for non-invasive therapy planning of cardiac arrhythmia. However, the activation of the atria could be affected by fibrosis and therefore biomarkers based on BSPM need to take these effects into account. We aim to analyze the effect of fibrosis on a BSPM derived index, and its potential application to predict the location of ectopic foci in the atria. Methodology: We have developed a 3D atrial model that includes 5 distributions of patchy fibrosis in the left atrium at 5 different stages. Each stage corresponds to a different amount of fibrosis that ranges from 2 to 40%. The 25 resulting 3D models were used for simulation of Focal Atrial Tachycardia (FAT), triggered from 19 different locations described in clinical studies. BSPM were obtained for all simulations, and the body surface potential integral maps (BSPiM) were calculated to describe atrial activations. A machine learning (ML) pipeline using a supervised learning model and support vector machine was developed to learn the BSPM patterns of each of the 475 activation sequences and relate them to the origin of the FAT source. Results: Activation maps for stages with more than 15% of fibrosis were greatly affected, producing conduction blocks and delays in propagation. BSPiMs did not always cluster into non-overlapped groups since BSPiMs were highly altered by the conduction blocks. From stage 3 (15% fibrosis) the BSPiMs showed differences for ectopic beats placed around the area of the pulmonary veins. Classification results were mostly above 84% for all the configurations studied when a large enough number of electrodes were used to map the torso. However, the pre