Search

User behavior is one of the biggest challenges to cybersecurity in modern organizations. Users are continuously targeted by attackers and required to have sufficient knowledge to spot and avoid such attacks. Different training methods are suggested and used in the industry to support users to behave securely. The challenge remains, and improved methods for end-user cybersecurity training are needed. This paper introduces and evaluates user perception of a method called Context-Based Micro-Training (CBMT). This approach suggests that training should be delivered in short sequences when the information is of direct relevance. The intention is to provide training directly related to the user’s current situation while also providing an awareness-increasing effect. This notion is tested in a survey-based evaluation involving 1,452 respondents from Sweden, Italy, and the UK, comparing the perception of CBMT against the experience of traditional approaches. The results emphasize that current methods are not effective enough and show that CBMT is perceived positively by respondents in all sample groups. The study further evaluated how demographic aspects impact the perception of CBMT and found that a diverse group of users can appreciate it., CC BY 4.0Published online: 09 Jun 2023CONTACT Joakim KävrestadThe work was supported by VINNOVA under the grant [2019-05021].

INTRODUCTION: Poor usability is a barrier to widespread adoption of electronic health records (EHR). Providing good usability is especially challenging in the health care context, as there is a wide variety of patient users. Usability benchmarking is an approach for improving usability by evaluating and comparing the strength and weaknesses of systems. The main purpose of this study is to benchmark usability of patient portals across countries. METHODS: A mixed-methods survey approach was applied to benchmark the national patient portals offering patient access to EHR in Estonia, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. These Nordic countries have similar public healthcare systems, and they are pioneers in offering patients access to EHR for several years. In a survey of 29,334 patients, both patients' quantitative ratings of usability and their qualitative descriptions of very positive and very negative peak experiences of portal use were collected. RESULTS: The usability scores ranged from good to fair level of usability. The narratives of very positive and very negative experiences included the benefits of the patient portals and experienced usability issues. The regression analysis of results showed that very positive and negative experiences of patient portal use explain 19-35% of the variation of usability scores in the four countries. The percentage of patients who reported very positive or very negative experiences in each country was unrelated to the usability scores across countries. CONCLUSIONS: The survey approach could be used to evaluate usability with a wide variety of users and it supported learning from comparison across the countries. The combination of quantitative and qualitative data provided an approximation of the level of the perceived usability, and identified usability issues to be improved and useful features that patients appreciate. Further work is needed to improve the comparability of the varied samples across countries., CC BY 4.0 DEEDCopyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Corresponding author at: Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Konemiehentie 2, Espoo FI-00076, Finland. E-mail address: sari.kujala@aalto.fi (S. Kujala).This work was supported by NordForsk through the funding to Nordic eHealth for Patients: Benchmarking and Developing for the Future, NORDeHEALTH, (Project #100477), the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare (FORTE) through the funding to Beyond Implementation of eHealth (Project #2020-01229), the Strategic Research Council at the Academy of Finland (Project #352501 and #352503), and the Norwegian Centre for E-health Research.

Rapporten bygger på tre delstudier med olika datainsamlingstekniker: En bibliometristudie av svensk spelforskning baserad på data från Scopus respektive SwePub. En enkätstudie över svenska spelforskningsmiljöer. En intervjustudie om svenska spelforskarmiljöer. Bibliometristudiens ansats har varit bred. Materialet inkluderar därmed även poster som endast har en perifer koppling till spel, men returnerar i fallet SwePub färre än 3000 poster. Spelforskning bedrivs på många lärosäten i Sverige och publiceras inom många ämnesområden. Totalt 95 forskare har en publicering som omfattar 10 eller fler spelpublikationer1. Det finns starka lokala kluster av forskare som sampublicerar men sampubliceringen mellan svenska och nordiska lärosäten är inte så omfattande. Jämfört med Finland har Sverige färre publikationer med ett tydligt fokus på spelforskning. Enkätstudien visar att spelforskarmiljöerna oftast består av ett antal forskare med olika ämnesmässig bakgrund där de själva definierar sig som spelforskare snarare än att organisationen som sådan gör det. Miljöerna har sammantaget och högt räknat runt 30 aktiva doktorander men siffran är osäker. 94% av respondenterna anger att deras forskning ligger inom ”spel för andra områden än underhållning” och endast 6% anger ”spelteknikfokus”. 44% anger ”spelbranschen”. Det är tydligt att spel för just underhållning inte ligger fokus för svensk spelforskning. Detta är remarkabelt då den svenska datorspelsindustrin är en multimiljardindustri fokuserad på just spel som underhållning. Det finns alltså en mycket stor diskrepans mellan industri och svensk spelforskning. Intervjustudien ger en bild av att spelforskningen bedrivs inom splittrade miljöer, av forskare med olika ämnesmässig bakgrund. Det finns en tydlig upplevd brist på forskningsfinansiering inom adekvata områden och det finns brister i de finansieringsinstrument som finns idag. Detta påverkar såväl vilken typ av fo

Tabletop Role Playing Games (TRPG) are games that require players to become the characters they play through engaging in role-play. The challenge of training AI lies in the requirement of it not only understanding the explicitly stated game rules, but also the implicit ones that come with role-playing. Previous studies endeavouring said challenge allude to aspects of role-play, but do not emphasise its role in their methods, indicating that the definition of role-play and how it is to be employed remains unclear. This short paper aims to investigate a proposed definition of role-play based on previous research and employ its use on Large Language Model LLM, eliciting an understanding thereof through a novel prompting method dubbed Controlled Chain of Thought (CCoT). CCoT allows for the LLM to highlight absence of information in inputs given to it by generating questions, which become the template for its chain of thoughts when answered. This paper presents an initial pilot testing of CCoT as well as opens up the discussion of how a definition of role-play can be beneficial for future studies.

Understanding the intricate nature of human interactions relies heavily on the ability to discern and interpret inherent information. Central to this interpretation are the sensory features—visual, spatial, and auditory—collectively referred to as visuospatial in this thesis. The low-level (e.g., motion kinematics) and high-level (e.g., gestures and speech) visuospatial features significantly influence human perception, aiding in the deduction of intent, goals, emotions, and more. From a computational viewpoint, these features are crucial for interpreting events, from discerning body poses to evaluating action similarity, particularly for computational systems designed to interact closely with humans. This thesis examines the impact of visuospatial features on human event observation within an informatics context, concentrating on (1) Investigating the effect of visuospatial features on the observers’ perception; and (2) Aligning this investigation towards outcomes applicable to informatics. Taking a human-centric perspective, the thesis methodically probes the role of visuospatial features, drawing from prior cognitive research, underscoring the significance of features like action kinematics, gaze, turn-taking, and gestures in event comprehension. Balancing both reductionist and naturalistic perspectives, the research examines specific visuospatial features and their impact on the human's visual processing and attention mechanisms: - Visual Processing: It highlights the visual processing effects of action features, including kinematics, local-motion, and global form, as well as the role of factors like semantics and familiarity. These are demonstrated using human performance metrics in perceptual tasks and comparative analyses with selected computational models employing basic kinematic representations, revealing the adaptive nature of the visual system and enhancing Human Action Recognition models. - Visual Attention: Also highlights the attentional effects of in, Förståelse för den intrikata naturen hos mänskliga interaktioner beror i stor utsträckning på förmågan att urskilja och tolka inneboende information. Centralt i denna tolkning är de sensoriska aspekterna – visuella, rumsliga och auditiva – som tillsammans kallas visuospatiala i denna avhandling. De visuella särdragen på låg nivå (t.ex. rörelsekinematik) och hög nivå (t.ex. gester och tal) påverkar människans uppfattningsförmåga avsevärt och är till hjälp för att dra slutsatser om avsikter, mål, känslor och mer. Ur en beräkningssynpunkt är dessa egenskaper avgörande för att tolka händelser, från att utläsa kroppsställningar till att bedöma liket mellan handlingar, särskilt för beräkningssystem utformade för att interagera nära med människor. Denna avhandling undersöker effekten av visuospatiala särdrag på observation av händelser som involverar människor inom en informatikkontext, med fokus på att (1) Undersöka effekten av visuospatiala särdrag på observatörernas perception; och (2) Anpassa denna undersökning till situationer som är tillämpliga inom informatik. Med ett människocentrerat perspektiv undersöker avhandlingen metodiskt rollen av visuospatiala egenskaper, med utgångspunkt från tidigare kognitiv forskning, och understryker betydelsen av funktioner som aktionskinematik, ögonrörelser, turtagning och gester i händelseförståelse. Genom att balansera både reduktionistiska och naturalistiska perspektiv undersöker forskningen specifika visuospatiala egenskaper och deras inverkan på människans visuella bearbetnings- och uppmärksamhetsmekanismer: - Visuell bearbetning: Den belyser de visuella bearbetningseffekterna av handlingsaspekter, inklusive kinematik, lokal rörelse och global form, såväl som rollen av faktorer som semantik och förtrogenhet. Dessa demonstreras med hjälp av mänskliga prestationsmått i perceptuella uppgifter och jämförande analyser med utvalda beräkningsmodeller som använder grundläggande kinematiska representationer, vilket avslöjar det visuella, Tre av sex delarbeten (övriga se rubriken Delarbeten/List of papers):In addition to the papers listed under 'List of Papers,' the following journal manuscripts are included in the thesis. These manuscripts are not present in the online copy of the thesis. Upon acceptance of the papers, the online document, along with this entry, will be updated.Paper-I: Hemeren, P., Nair, V., & Drejing, K. (Submitted Manuscript). "Biological motion and attention: Interactions influenced by walking orientations, styles, and motion features". Submitted Manuscript for Scientific Journal, pp. 1-18. Paper-V: Nair, V., Bhatt, M., Suchan, J., Billing, E., & Hemeren, P. (Submitted Manuscript). "How do naturalistic visuo-auditory cues guide human attention?" Submitted Manuscript for Scientific Journal, pp. 1-48. Paper-VI: Nair, V., Bhatt, M., Suchan, J., Billing, E., & Hemeren, P. (Manuscript). "Human interaction scenarios: A naturalistic multimodal event dataset for behavioral research". Manuscript for Scientific Journal, pp. 1-28.In reference to IEEE copyrighted material which is used with permission in this thesis, the IEEE does not endorse any of The University of Skövde's products or services. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. If interested in reprinting/republishing IEEE copyrighted material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution, please go to http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/rights_link.html to learn how to obtain a License from RightsLink.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify whether there is a lower willingness to report a crime if a victim must hand in their mobile phone as evidence. If that is the case, the research seeks to examine whether privacy concerns and lower willingness correlate with one another and thereby investigate whether privacy concerns could lead to fewer crimes being reported and resolved. Design/methodology/approach A mobile phone survey was distributed to 400 Swedish adults to identify their hypothetical willingness to report certain crimes with and without handing in their mobile phones as evidence. The results were then analysed using inferential statistics. Findings The result suggests that there is no meaningful correlation between privacy attitudes and willingness to report crime when the handover of a mobile phone is necessary. The results of this study however show a significant lower willingness to report crimes when the mobile phone must be handed in. Research limitations/implications Because the chosen target group were Swedish adults, the research results may lack generalisability for other demographics. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test other demographics. Originality/value This paper’s contribution is the novel exploration of attitudes and behaviours regarding the combination of privacy, digital forensics, mobile phones and crime reportage. This research effort examined the problematic situation that can arise for victims of crime, the invasion of privacy when providing evidence by handing in a mobile phone to the police’s forensic unit for examination., CC BY 4.0Article publication date: 9 February 2023Corresponding author Joakim Kävrestad can be contacted at: joakim.kavrestad@his.se

The future is here with interconnected computers on four wheels - connected cars! Just like regular computers in networks, there is also a huge amount of cybersecurity challenges regarding vehicles. With the large amount of data transmitted between vehicles and other devices, a proper way of securing the connections is important. It is clear that the connected components and technologies in modern cars have a large amount of vulnerable points, and more research is needed for further studies. Several modern vehicle technologies such as electrical control units, over the air updates and lidar radars etc are discussed in this work. The most prominent way of securing the stored personal data and the constant flow of transmitted data is encryption, and with the use of blockchains. There are also suggestions on different types of new framework and standards to lock in an even keel for the cybersecurity environment. This work investigates the passive vulnerabilities existing in these connected vehicles systems.There will be a mapping of the most prominent and relevant surfaces vulnerable to for example cyber attacks. This will take the form of a literature study with thematic analysis. Scientific articles will be searched for in databases to find relevant data to code into different themes, answering the research question. The work aims to look at different sources describing ways of implementing cryptographic blockchains in order to achieve the level of security necessary. There will also be some proposals of future frameworks, and to put in standards to secure the future of vehicle cybersecurity. The purpose of this work is to gain a wide view of how the connected vehicles landscape looks like in the form of vulnerabilities, and how we could negate them in the future.

This paper aims to investigate the effect of AI-generated content (AIGC) when it starts to be applied in game development. AIGC in games refers to the generation of game content through artificial intelligence, a concept that has recently recieved a high level of attention due to the latest rapid developments in artificial intelligence, and in traditional research, AIGC can be categorized as an advanced approach to Procedural Content Generation (PCG), i.e., Deep Learning Method. Procedural Content Generation is the creation of game content through algorithms with limited or indirect user input. Its traditional approach has been widely used in games. Recently, however, the AIGC method has also started to be used by a large number of game companies, and its impact has exceeded expectations. A questionnaire survey of 40 game developers revealed a general interest in AIGC but also concerns. Further interviews explored the use of AIGC in game development and some of the problems it has encountered and predicted future trends in its development. The result of this study provide guidance on whether and how AIGC needs to be used in future game development.

Product returns are not only costly for e-tailers, but the unnecessary transports also impact the environment. Consequently, online retailers have started to formulate policies to reduce the number of returns. Determining when and how to act is, however, a delicate matter, since a too harsh approach may lead to not only the order being cancelled, but also the customer leaving the business. Being able to accurately predict which orders that will lead to a return would be a strong tool, guiding which actions to be taken. This paper addresses the problem of data-driven product return prediction, by conducting a case study using a large real-world data set. The main results are that well-calibrated probabilistic predictors are essential for providing predictions with high precision and reasonable recall. This implies that utilizing calibrated models to predict some instances, while rejecting to predict others can be recommended. In practice, this would make it possible for a decision-maker to only act upon a subset of all predicted returns, where the risk of a return is very high., ©2023 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.This research is a part of the industrial graduate research school in digital retailing (INSiDR) at the University of Borås, funded by The Swedish Knowledge Foundation, grants nr. 20160035, 20170215., INSiDR

With increased adoption and use of cloud-based software-as-a-service (SaaS) solutions from international providers many public sector organisations expose themselves to a dependency on specific providers and a range of different lock-in effects. The article reports from a case study which investigated how a large Swedish public sector organisation addressed licensing issues and lock-in effects during adoption and use of a SaaS solution (Microsoft 365). The study identifies problematic licensing issues and presents a legal analysis related to the organisational implementation of the SaaS solution in the specific organisation. Findings show that the organisation has failed to successfully obtain all necessary licences and all necessary rights which would allow for long-term maintenance of all its digital assets independently of the SaaS solution currently in use., Authors who publish with EJLT will retain copyright and moral rights in the underlying work but will grant all users the rights to copy, store and print for non-commercial use copies of their work. [further conditions, see:] https://ejlt.org/index.php/ejlt/article/view/861BILETA Special Issue

Implementation and use of an IT standard in software involves legal, technical and societal challenges. This paper addresses how an organisation can, and should, determine the conditions for implementation and use of the HEVC standard in software. The investigation considers the availability of the standard’s complete technical specification and the extent to which an organisation can access the information necessary to assess the licence conditions for standard essential patents impinging on the standard. Through an action case study approach the investigation analyses declarations in patent databases relevant to the standard and seeks to obtain patent licences from each declarant permitting implementation of the standard in software, where that software is to be provided under one (or several) of three specific open source software licences, and alternatively to be provided as an online service. Our analysis of legal and licensing conditions for use of the standard shows significant obstacles. We find that it is impossible to obtain licences from patent holders that would allow for implementation and use of the standard in open source software. The paper illuminates significant challenges related to conditions for use of the standard under (F)RAND terms and identifies that references to the standard in public procurement projects lead to anti-competitive effects., CC BY 4.0Published: 3-2-2023Corresponding author: bjorn.lundell@his.seThis research has been financially supported by the Swedish Knowledge Foundation (KK-stiftelsen) and participating partner organisations in the SUDO project.

The metaverse presents a new opportunity to construct personalized learning paths and to promote practices that scale the development of future skills and collective intelligence. The attitudes, knowledge and skills that are necessary to face the challenges of the 21st century should be developed through iterative cycles of continuous learning, where learners are enabled to experience, reflect, and produce new ideas while participating in a collective creativity process. In this paper, we propose an architecture to develop a metaverse-intensive learning experience (MiLEx) platform with an illustrative scenario that reinforces the development of 21st century career practices and collective intelligence. The learning ecosystem of MiLEx integrates four key elements: (1) key players that define the main actors and their roles in the learning process; (2) a learning context that defines the learning space and the networks of expected interactions among human and non-human objects; (3) experiential learning instances that deliver education via a real-life–virtual merge; and (4) technology support for building practice communities online, developing experiential cycles and transforming knowledge between human and non-human objects within the community. The proposed MiLEx architecture incorporates sets of technological and data components to (1) discover/profile learners and design learner-centric, theoretically grounded and immersive learning experiences; (2) create elements and experiential learning scenarios; (3) analyze learner’s interactive and behavioral patterns; (4) support the emergence of collective intelligence; (5) assess learning outcomes and monitor the learner’s maturity process; and (6) evaluate experienced learning and recommend future experiences. We also present the MiLEx continuum as a cyclic flow of information to promote immersive learning. Finally, we discuss some open issues to increase the learning value and propose some future work suggestions to f, CC BY 4.0(This article belongs to the Special Issue Software Engineering and Data Science II)Published: 30 January 2023

Denna litteraturanalys går igenom åtgärderna för de problem som förekommer vid skapandet av online pvp-spel. Några av de vanliga problem som kan stötas på innefattar fördröjning, paketförlust, fusk, skalbarhet, synkronisering, uppdateringsfrekvens och säkerhet. Dessa problem kan sedan negativt påverka andra aspekter av spelet, inte minst game feel. För att förhindra detta bör specifika åtgärder implementeras. Inom just online pvp-spel kan grunden till nätverkshanteringen skapas med en klient/server-uppsättning som skickar små och snabba datapaket med hjälp av nätverksprotokollet UDP. Ytterligare lösningar som “dumma klienter”, “client-side prediction”, “server reconciliation”, “interpolation”, historik och tidsstämplar i datapaketen kan användas för att förbättra spelupplevelsen. I kombination med varandra skapar dessa åtgärder en stabil nätverksinfrastruktur för ett online pvp-spel. Då vissa av dessa tekniker kan kräva en del prestanda både på klienten och servern kan framtida arbeten kring dessa lösningar fokusera på optimering.

I traditionella narrativ finns det oftast en förutbestämd berättelse, saker som ska hända och idéer för karaktärsutveckling. I rollspel kan lösa idéer och premisser finnas, men mycket växer fram under spelens gång när spelare interagerar med spelvärlden och med varandra. Detta fenomen kan beskrivas med begrepp som emergent narrativ och kollaborativt berättande, då det senare kommer användas för studien då fokuset ligger på samarbetet deltagare emellan. Denna studie ämnar undersöka hur kollaborativt berättande påverkar narrativet i rollspel, med fokus på bordsrollspel, lajv och textrollspel. Detta görs genom observationer, textanalys och intervjuer. Målet med studien är att hitta eventuella kopplingar till traditionella narrativ, hitta några faktorer som hjälper det gemensamma berättandet och skapandet, och öppna upp för vidare forskning om den stora värld som skapas om man bejakar och bygger på varandras idéer. Faktorerna som hittades var bland andra hanterandet av tid och rum, hur karaktärerna spelades, rollspelsformernas tillgångar och begränsningar och hur kommunikationen sköttes mellan deltagarna.

Games have proven themselves a capable storytelling medium. Some are known for their branching narratives, others for linear stories that make the player rethink how they view them. The software tools that enabled them should be studied. What might the future of dialogue tools look like? To answer this question one needs to assess the state of things. Keywords and explicit inclusion, exclusion and quality criteria were used in searches to ensure valid results with tools selected based on industry recommendations. Both literature and tools were then evaluated for common and unique elements.The future could well hold graph views with nodes dedicated to specific tasks with easily viewed and editable content, this is already happening. Animated timelines with generated content might form the baseline. Validation for the entire graph structure and variable integrity as well as saving traces. Future research could test elements raised here in, study writer backgrounds and investigate splitting of graphs into different views depending on developer need.

The video game industry is evolving day by day with new technologies being introduced to enhance the player experience. Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) in games can be seen as one of the major areas that many game companies focus on due to therapid technological development that it has seen in recent years. Even though the application and use of modern AI techniques such as deep learning can be rarely seenin the commercial video game industry in comparison to the area of academic research,we can see that many game developers use AI methodologies to overcome Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment (DDA) and enemy path-finding problems that persist in their games. This paper focuses on looking into how AI can be used in horror games to elevate tension inducing player experiences by researching on the work that has been done with regard to how tension and fear are created in the genre of horror, how to track and identify player emotions in game and finally, coming up with a hypothetic alsolution that can be used to track player emotions in order to create tension experiences in horror games with the help of AI, together with the physiological responses of the player. The findings of this paper give an idea on the feasibility of the solution system as well as the potential use of physiological responses in commercial video games as well as future work that is to be done to implement and test the solution system proposed in this paper.

This thesis investigates the genre classification of Vampire Survivors-like games, focusing on "Vampire Survivors" by Poncle (2021, poncle). The objective is to define their genre and explore the possibility of a new genre creation. The research comprehensively examines genre origins, classification approaches, and significance from design, marketing, and consumer perspectives. Vampire Survivors and similar games have gained prominence, but their genre remains uncertain. Elements align with Action Roguelike and Bullet Hell, yet definitive classification proves elusive. This study analyzes gameplay mechanics, design elements, and experiences to compare with established genres.The research provides insights for game developers seeking design patterns and helps players find suitable games. It contributes to the understanding of emerging game genres, promoting innovation in the gaming industry. Using a systematic methodology, this thesis establishes a coherent genre framework. Finding scontribute to genre discussions and inspire future research in this evolving field.

This study aims to answer the research question: How does the academic accounts of user profiling compare to how practitioners of game development use user profiling? Knowing one’s users is a key part of designing a product, so that you know which features to prioritise. This is of course also true for video games. One way to achieve this is to categorise the users based on key characteristics, such as their age or their motivations. This is also known as user profiling and is commonly discussed in academic literature. However, it is not known how user profiling is used within the industry of game development; if even at all. To research this, two UX/UI designers at a Swedish game development studio have been observed and interviewed, which has resulted in a list of differences in how the academic literature says about user profiling and how practitioners use user profiling. This can be used to bridge the gap between the two, which could aid in designing and researching for a better user experience in video games.

The personality traits of NPC characters are key elements in the complex interactions within games. This study, based on the Big Five personality theory, aims to explore how the perceived personality of NPC characters influences player choices. In the initial phase of the experiment, we designed two original NPC characters based on theories such as the Big Five personality model and presented them to the participants through textual stories and visual images. Subsequently, they were given imagined game tasks that we designed, and they had to choose the NPC character they were more inclined towards in each task. Through analysis, we found connections between certain Big Five personality traits of NPC characters and different tasks. We also discovered discrepancies between the intended personality design of the characters and their actual perceived personalities, with variations observed in the exhibited differences of each personality. In conclusion, the perceived personality traits of NPC characters have various influences and connections to player choice behavior.

Software reference implementations of ICT standards have an important role for verifying that a standard is implementable, supporting interoperability testing among other implementations, and providing feedback to the standard development process. Providing reference implementations and widely used implementations of a standard as Open Source Software also promotes wide deployment in software systems, avoidance of different lock-in effects, interoperability, and longevity of systems and associated digital assets. In this paper results are reported on the availability of reference implementations and widely deployed implementations provided as Open Source Software for standards issued by different standards setting organisations. Specifically, findings draw from observations and analyses related to software implementations for identified standards issued by ETSI, IEC, IEEE, IETF, ISO, ITU-T, OASIS, and W3C.

28 augusti Yttrandet skickat till följande fem utskott, samt ordf. och vice ordf. för dessa fem utskott, i Sveriges riksdag: EU-nämnden, Finansutskottet, Försvarsutskottet, Trafikutskottet & Utbildningsutskottet

Context and Background: As technology becomes increasingly integral to the automotive industry, Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) and suppliers face growing pressure to ensure the safety and security of their vehicle solutions, systems, and services. WP.29, a working party of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), plays a crucial role in developing and promoting the harmonization of vehicle regulations across countries. WP.29 has established regulations and standards for organizations to adhere to, including the use of the ISO 21434 standard for conducting Threat Analysis and Risk Assessment (TARA) to evaluate security risks associated with their product solutions. Objectives: This paper examines the challenges faced by agile teams in an automotive organization adopting the Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe) during the conduct of TARA during the product development life cycle of a vehicle. Method: A qualitative case study approach was utilized in this research, involving semi-structured interviews conducted with agile team members within the automotive organization to gather data from various perspectives. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data and identify themes and patterns related to the challenges. Results and conclusion: The conduct of TARA in the automotive industry, particularly within organizations adopting SAFe, presents challenges. The study identified six key themes that capture the challenges faced by agile teams in conducting TARA in the automotive sector, including Documentation and Organizational Challenges, Team Dynamics challenges, Implementation Impediments, Resource Constraints, and Quality Concerns. It is crucial for organizations to consider these challenges and take proactive steps to mitigate them to ensure the successful conduct of TARA.

Patients’ online access to their EHR together with the rapid proliferation of medical information on theInternet has changed the way patients use the information to learn about their health. It is welldocumented that patients often turn to the Internet to find information about their health and care.However, little is known about patients´ information seeking behaviour when using online EHRs. Byusing information horizons as an analytical tool this paper aims to investigate the informationbehaviour of cancer patients who have chosen to view their EHRs (readers) and to those who havenot made that option (non-readers). Thirty interviews were conducted with patients. Based oninformation horizons, it seems that non-reading is associated with living in a narrower informationworld in comparison to readers. The findings do not suggest that the smallness would be a result of anactive avoidance of information, or that it would be counterproductive for the patients., CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

During recent years a rise of small, independent game developers have become a large part of the global game industry. These indie developers are often distributing their games using digital distribution with a self-publishing business model. While the possibilities to reach a large global audience are expanding with digital distribution, there are also challenges for the developers, where the work tasks previously handled by a publisher now has to be handled by the developers themselves. One such work task directly related to the globalness of the game industry is localization, which is the process of altering a product in such ways it can be used by consumers in a specific target market. The main objective of the thesis project is to understand how indie game developers are working with game localization as a part of the development process. In this case, "indie" refers to developers with limited resources in terms of financing and manpower, using a self-publishing business model. The research has partly been carried out through participatory field studies in close connection to indie game developers and development clusters in Sweden, China, and India. In addition to this, the technical aspects of game localization have been scrutinized through studies of localization support in commonly used game engines and game development tools. The results of the thesis show that game localization is an important development task due to the global nature of the game industry, but that its complexity often is underestimated by the developers. To reach a large player base, localization is a must and should be planned for early in the process. Further, the results show that game localization is less resource demanding ifusing a localization friendly production pipeline, and that the tools to set up such production pipelines are available in all major game engines, Under de senaste åren har en ökning av små, oberoende spelutvecklare blivit en stor del av den globala spelindustrin. Dessa indieutvecklare distribuerar ofta sina spel med hjälp av digitala distributionskanaler och agerar ofta även utgivare för sina egna spel. Samtidigt som möjligheterna att nå en stor global publik ökat med digital distribution finns det även utmaningar. Ett exempel är de arbetsuppgifter som tidigare sköttes av en förläggare eller utgivare och som nu måste skötas av utvecklarna själva. En sådan arbetsuppgift är lokalisering, en arbetsuppgift som dessutom är av stor vikt för att kunna nå en global spelarbas. Huvudsyftet med denna avhandling är att förstå hur små, oberoende spelutvecklare, ofta kallade indiespelsutvecklare, arbetar med lokalisering som en del av spelutvecklingsprocessen. I det här fallet syftar "indie" på utvecklare med begränsade resurser vad gäller finansiering och arbetskraft och som använder en självpublicerande affärsmodell. Avhandlingsarbetet har delvis utförts genom deltagande fältstudier i nära anslutning till indiespelsutvecklare och spelutvecklingskluster i Sverige, Kina och Indien. Utöver detta har de tekniska aspekterna av spellokalisering granskats genom studier av lokaliseringsstöd i vanligt förekommande spelmotorer och spelutvecklingsverktyg. Resultaten från avhandlingen visar att spellokalisering är en viktig arbetsuppgift i spelutvecklingssammanhang. Detta på grund av att spelindustrin är global och att ett spel direkt har möjligheten att nå en stor internationell målgrupp. Däremot underskattas komplexiteten gällande lokaliseringsarbete vilket medför att lokaliseringsrelaterade frågor prioriteras ner i tidigt utvecklingsprocessen. Detta kan få stora konsekvenser i ett senare stadie, och resultaten från avhandlingen visar att lokalisering bör planeras tidigt i processen för att spara tid och resurser. Vidare pekar resultaten på att spellokalisering är mindre resurskrävande om man använder en lokaliseringsvänlig produ, Ett av sex delarbeten (övriga se rubriken Delarbeten/List of papers):Toftedahl, M. (2021). Towards a deeper understanding of localization as a game development process: Game studio studies in Sweden and China. Submitted to Entertainment Computing (in review).

Several Nordic and Baltic countries are forerunners in the digitalization of patient ehealth services and have since long implemented psychiatric records as parts of the ehealth services. There are country-specific differences in what clinical information is offered to patients concerning their online patient accessible psychiatric records. This study explores national differences in Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Estonia in patient access to their psychiatric records. Data was collected through a socio-technical data collection template developed during a workshop series and then analyzed in a cross-country comparison focusing on items related to psychiatry records online. The results show that psychiatric records online are offered to patients in all four countries, and provide the same functionality and similar psychiatry information. Overall, the conclusion is that experiences of various functionalities should be scrutinized to promote transparency of psychiatric records as part of the national eHealth services to increase equality of care and patient empowerment., CC BY-NC 4.0© 2022 European Federation for Medical Informatics (EFMI) and IOS PressCorresponding Author: Annika Bärkås; E-mail: annika.barkas@kbh.uuThis work was supported by NordForsk through the funding to Nordic eHealth for Patients: Benchmarking and Developing for the Future (NORDeHEALTH), project number 100477., NORDeHEALTH

Virtuellt simulerad utbildning har existerat länge och tillämpas i olika sammanhang, exempelvis vid utbildning av piloter genom flygsimulatorer - en väletablerad form av virtuell simulering. En mindre utforskad tillämpning av virtuell simulering i utbildningssyfte är inom räddningstjänsten. Räddningstjänsten löser dagligen krävandeoch varierade uppgifter som ställer stora krav på kompetens hos personalen. För att hålla en god kvalité på utbildningen är varierade och frekventa övningsmoment viktiga. Att flytta delar av övningsverksamheten som traditionellt sker på övningsfält och i klassrum till en virtuellt simulerad miljö kan ge fördelar som mer resurseffektiv och mer frekvent träning med högre variation i de olika övningsmomenten. Syftet med studien är att undersöka existerande tillämpningar av virtuellt simulerad utbildning inom räddningstjänsten. Intryck har samlats in från nyckelpersoner i räddningstjänstverksamheter som idag bedriver övningsverksamhet i virtuellt simulerad miljö. Genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer och icke-deltagande, ostrukturerade observationer använder denna studie en kvalitativ metod för att hitta bland annat framgångsfaktorer, utmaningar, och fördelar inom simulerad utbildning. Resultatet från denna studie visar på att det finns stora möjligheter inom tillämpningen av virtuellt simulerad utbildning för räddningstjänsten. En välfungerande implementering av virtuellt simulerad utbildning kan skapa bättre förutsättningar inom övningsverksamheten, samt förbättra bland annat verksamhetens förmåga att samverka med andra räddningstjänster och förutsättningarna för att utbilda styrkeledare. Både instruktörer och övande ser positivt på att simulera delar av utbildningen inom räddningstjänsten virtuellt.

With spatialized audio it lets developers create further experiences and provide accessibility options in video games and interactive media. The technology has evolved during the years, making it easier to use system such as Head-Related Transfer Functions in games. In this study the use of spatialized audio to navigate and locate smaller invisible objects in a larger area is explored, comparing spatialized audio panning with stereo panning., Det finns övrigt digitalt material (t.ex. film-, bild- eller ljudfiler) eller modeller/artefakter tillhörande examensarbetet som ska skickas till arkivet. / There are other digital material (eg film, image or audio files) or models/artifacts that belongs to the thesis and need to be archived.

This study has examined what design principles help make more understandable UI icons and what aspects are most important when understanding the functionality of UI elements. Prior to this study, 15 UI icons representing items and actions were drawn asstudy subjects together with a prototype game to provide game context to the testers.Through applying surveys, think-aloud, playtesting, and interviews, 10 participantswere included to see how their unique backgrounds impact their understanding ofvideo game icons. Their age; country of origin; gaming habits, genre, platform, andgame preferences; and game development experience were considered to see if therewas a connection between cultural backgrounds and icon understanding. The results showed that the group was fairly homogenous, yet still had a unique set of expectations, preferences, and understandings of the icons which indicates that background impacts how people understand UI icons in games. However, with a small sample, this was merely the beginning of a discussion on how interpretation and cultural differences can be used as a lens to study how people understand video game icons that are relevant to video games. Further, this could help UI/UX designers better understand universal and culture-specific references in order to understand how their users make assumptions about symbols which in turn could help improve the user experience.

In today's information technology-driven world, most criminal acts leave digital evidence. In such cases, cooperation from victims through the handover of digital devices such as the mobile phone isa success factor that enables evidence-seeking through digital forensics. Unfortunately, forensic examination of the victims' devices becomes a potential additional negative consequence for the victim who experiences an invasion of privacy. The privacy invasion can make victims of crime less cooperative and willing to report crimes, leading to a reduced number of criminals held accountable for their actions. To address this problem, 400 Swedish adults were surveyed to identify their hypothetical willingness to report certain crimes. The survey examined the impact a mobile phone handover made on the willingness to report a crime. The findings demonstrated significantly lower willingness to report a crime when a mobile phone was necessary as evidence. However, the data could not support privacy as a common tendency cause. The presented results can be used as a reference for further research on attitudes and behaviours regarding the subject.

What makes horror games different from other games is that they bring a special kind of emotion to the player and cause fear in the player. In horror games, players experience great emotional experiences and may experience different emotions such as anxiety, tension, and satisfaction. This paper aims to study and analyze how different players react to and emotionally experience fear, how players derive satisfaction and discomfort from horror games and the reasons that produce these factors. The study uses interviews and biometric data to examine the differences between players familiar with horror games and those who have less experience with this particular type of game. It was concluded that the number of experienced players with horror games also influences the comfort and discomfort, and mood changes players get from the games.

Game instructions play an important role in all games, as players always need them to help them understand the rules of the game. Constructivist learning theory and procedural rhetoric theory provide the theoretical basis for exploring unguided game instruction. This thesis aims to investigate two aspects of unguided game instruction, how it affects players' perceptions of the rules of the game, and how it affects players' perceptions of the message the game is trying to convey. An experiment was conducted with a control group and the results were analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively, based on objective data of the participants' performance during the game and their subjective answers in the post-game questionnaire. The main conclusion is that, unguided game instruction helps some players to construct an understanding of the rules, but it has no clear advantage in helping the player to understand the message the game is trying to convey.

The car has historically been one of mankind’s most important methods of transportation. During the last few years, that role has changed dramatically as carsbecome smarter and more connected. Modern cars rely on connections for several core functions, with these features ranging from controlling functionsthrough a mobile application to remote road assistance. As they have becomemore connected, they have also become potential targets for cyber attacks.The following report presents an interview study in which managers from severalauto workshops were interviewed about their relation, interest, and experiencewith cybersecurity-related to cars. They share the current solutions, how thesemay be utilized, and how well they would be able to deal with a cyberattackagainst a car in their possession.These interviews resulted in evidence that auto workshops are potential targets, but several solutions exist today. It also became evident that there is a gap between independent workshops and branded workshops in how they function andin what manner they approach problems and issues. Specifically new issues previously unencountered issues, where branded workshops rely a lot on theirmanufacturer while independent workshops are left to use whatever solutionthey can. The landscape is complex with no one side or silver bullet to all presented issues, neither current nor future

As a fairly new form of media that is currently increasing its number of LGBTQ characters, digital games and their queer representation is an interesting research are, in equal parts in order to see what potential stereotypes and tropes may be in play aswell as to compare it to what has been done before in other forms of storytelling. The question at hand for this thesis is regarding Queer representation in the commercial game The Last of Us Part II, released in 2020. The game was analyzed through the use of a textual analysis. The main, queer, characters were analyzed through their dialogue, their backstory, their progression as well as the way they were presented and received by the rest of the game-world inhabitants. In order to fully understand the characters, the research includes media representation in film and tv that may have contributed to the way their storylines as well as characterization was created, ranging from the horror-genre itself to LGBTQ representation in both film, tv and games. The research provided interpretations of the main characters and the ways theirq ueerness can be interpreted. The characters and their narrative was deemed to contain both positive and negative portrayals, while similarities to real-life experiences of LGBTQ individuals could be seen as mirrored in this post-apocalyptic game-worldfilled with zombies.

The number of recorded cybercrime incidents has skyrocketed over the last few years. A large part of this development is due to society’s increased reliance on the internet and the backbone that supports it. This in turn increases the profitability of cybercrime. Cybercrime has a broad definition, but in essence cybercrime are crimes that are assisted by technology, often taking place on the internet. The true impact cybercrime has on society is difficult to assess, since it has both financial and social impact, depending on what type of crime has been committed. This thesis examines how cybercrime and the Swedish police’s ability to combat cybercrime is portrayed by Swedish news media, as well as which demographics of the Swedish population are the most susceptible to cybercrime over the last ten years. This was achieved by performing a literature review, where both newspaper articles and reports from various law enforcement agencies were examined. A total of 54 news articles and 21 reports from various law enforcement agencies were used in the study. The included material was analyzed and divided into categories using thematic coding, and the results showed that news media does not always give an accurate depiction of the cybercrime landscape in Sweden. Cybercrime reporting in news articles was often found to be over-dramatized and shallow, which may negatively influence the reader's ability to understand the risks of cybercrime. The law enforcement's ability to combat cybercrime is portrayed as underfunded and in need of personnel with the expertise necessary to curb cybercrime. Although efforts to bolster the government's ability to fight cybercrime have been made during the last ten years, work still remains for law enforcement to catch up and keep pace with cybercriminals.

The research topic of this thesis is the perceptions and expectations of the LGBTcommunity in China and Sweden regarding LGBT-related content in games. With the development of games, the frequency and ways of LGBT content appearing ingames have become more and more diverse, but whether these are what the LGBT groupitself expects, and whether Chinese LGBT groups and Swedish LGBT groups in differentenvironments and policies are having a different view is the focus of my research. In this study, I will mainly conduct sample interviews and questionnaires with LGBTgroups in China and Sweden to collect their thoughts and make statistics on them.Therefore, the content of this research involves sociology, ethics, etc. In addition, this thesis will conduct homogeneous and differentiated discussions basedon the data and will be no subjective interferences to praise or disparage any of thepoints made in it.

The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate a methodological approach to explore a potential connection between player types and preferences in emotional character attachments. To do so, the thesis investigates connections between player types and emotional attachments to NPCs by conducting two studies. Study 1 provides general data about the audience of Detroit: Become Human (2018) through a survey about player types and how players feel about NPCs from the game, and forms three hypotheses. Study 2 tests the hypotheses through a second survey. The results demonstrate how to gather data regarding player types and preferences, indicates that Performers prefer to form relationships with NPCs that display traits related to a Close Friend attachment, and suggests that Explorers display a preference for pragmatic traits. However, future research must further examine other player types’ preferences to fully support the claim that player types affect preferences in emotional attachments to NPCs.

Spelifiering är ett koncept i relation till beteendepåverkande design, vilken har gagnat stor popularitet under de senaste åren. I den vetenskapliga litteraturen beskrivs spelifiering som en metod där spelmekaniker används i andra interaktiva kontexter än spelsystem, och anses därmed innebära implementation av bland annat poängsystem och topplistor i system med syftet att uppnå vissa mål. Det anses att det finns begränsat med forskning kring spelifiering, trots att det är ett hastigt ökande fenomen, och att effekterna kring det är förhållandevis okända. Spelifiering har implementerats i designer i relation till områden som hälsovård, utbildning och arbetsplatser, vilka har en stor impakt gällande folkhälsa. På grund av dessa faktorer har spelifiering blivit ämne för etiska debatter där mycket starka åsikter yttrats. Därmed anses det vara av stor vikt att bedriva forskning inom området. Hittills saknas det rapporter kring insikter som skulle kunna leda till att mer exakta forskningsområden uppdagas, därför ligger fokuset i denna studie på att undersöka existensen av sådana potentiella erfarenheter, vilka skulle kunna ligga till framtida grund för potentiella forskningsområden och regelverk. User Experience Design är något som har en stark koppling till interaktionsdesign, vilket låg till grund till att designers inom denna yrkesgrupp var de som valdes ut som fokusgrupp för denna studie. Studien utgår från en bred frågeställning för att ha en öppen ingång utan förväntningar, med anledning att även outforskade aspekter på detta vis kunde uppdagas. För att samla in analyserbar data granskades vetenskaplig litteratur kring ämnet, samt att en digital enkät genomfördes och kompletterades med fördjupande intervjuer med ett antal utvalda enkätdeltagare. Resultatet av studien visade på indikationer till att det förekommer tendenser till ett kunskapsgap kring spelifiering inom yrkesgruppen. En stor majoritet av de som deltog i studien antydde förekomsten av en utbredd neutrali, Gamification is a concept in relation to behavioral design, which has gained great popularity in recent years. In the scientific literature, gamification is described as a method where game mechanics are used in interactive contexts other than game systems, and is thus considered to involve the implementation of, among other things, point systems and leaderboards in systems with the aim of achieving certain goals. It is considered that there is a lack of research regarding gamification, despite the fact that it is a rapidly increasing phenomenon, and that the caused effects are relatively unknown. Gamification has been implemented in designs related to areas such as health care, education and workplaces, which have a major impact on societal health. Due to these factors, gamification has become the subject of ethical debates where strong opinions have been expressed. Thus, it is considered of great importance to conduct research in the field. To date, there are no reports of insights that could lead to more accurate research areas being discovered, the focus of this study is therefore examining the existence of such potential experiences, which could form the future basis for potential research areas and regulations. User Experience Design is considered having a strong connection to interaction design, which was the basis for designers in this professional group being the ones selected as the focus group for this study. The study is based on a formulated question with an open-ended nature with the purpose of having an open entrance without expectations, due to the fact that unexplored aspects were thought to be discovered more easily. In order to collect analyzable data, scientific literature on the subject was reviewed, and a digital survey was conducted and supplemented with in-depth interviews with a number of selected survey participants. The results of the study showed indications that there are tendencies towards knowledge gaps regarding gamification in the Us

CC BY 4.0Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)Copyright © 2022Correspondence: Maria Hägglund maria.hagglund@kbh.uu.se

The education of students to become competent user experience designers is a delicate matter as students need to obtain a multitude of knowledge, skills, and judgmental abilities. In this paper, our effort to manage this multiplicity in a bachelor’s program in user experience design is shared along with our experiences and teaching practices influenced by theories of situated and embodied cognition together with reflective teaching. The program was followed up through interviews with eight alumni and a company representative that employs user experience designers. The results show that the program overall works well, although some of the identified issues need to be addressed in the future. The interpretation is that our program curricula and teaching practices are fruitful, which hopefully can contribute to thoughts and discussions for other teachers in the field of user experience design and human-computer interaction., CC BY 4.0Correspondence: Beatrice Alenljung beatrice.alenljung@his.se

With the continuous development of the game industry, the research in the game field is also deepening. Many interdisciplinary knowledge areas and theories have been used to promote the development of the game industry. Business Intelligence (BI) has been applied in game development for game design and game optimization. However, few systematic research efforts focus on the game publishing side, especially for independent (indie) game publishing. From the game business side, with the development of the game industry, the traditional game value chain has been complemented by the mobile value chain and the online value chain. The mobile game value chain refers to a new situation where game developers can publish games directly through different distribution channels like App Store (2020) and Google Play (2022). The online value chain means developers can connect with players directly, for example, through their own websites. These new value chains make indie game developers publishing possible. However, how indie game developers conduct the game publishing business is unclear. In addition, as more and more indie game developers focus on the mobile platform, creating increasingly fierce competition for players' attention. Many indie game developers are good at game development, but most lack experience in game publishing. They have issues with user acquisition work and how to transfer users into loyal and paying players. This research plans to understand how game analytics can be used for indie mobile game publishing. In practice, a new method has been created and developed to guide indie game developers’ decision-making during free-to-play (F2P) mobile game publishing. This new method mainly focuses on addressing the main challenges of indie game developers during mobile game publishing. The new method facilitates indie mobile game publishing by providing guidance on how data collection and analysis can be conducted. Design Science Research (DSR) method is used to ful, Med den kontinuerliga utvecklingen av spelindustrin fördjupas också forskningen inom spelområdet. Många tvärvetenskapliga kunskapsområden och teorier har använts för att främja utvecklingen av spelindustrin. Business Intelligence (BI) har använts i spelutveckling för speldesign och speloptimering. Få systematiska forskningsinsatser fokuserar dock på spelpubliceringssidan, särskilt för oberoende (indie) spelpublicering. Från spelbranschens sida, med utvecklingen av spelindustrin, har den traditionella värdekedjan kompletterats med den mobila värdekedjan och online värdekedjan. Värdekedjan för mobilspel har skapat en ny situation där spelutvecklare kan publicera spel direkt genom olika distributionskanaler som App Store (2020) och Google Play (2022). Värdekedjan online innebär att utvecklare kan få kontakt med spelare direkt, till exempel via sin webbplats. Dessa nya värdekedjor gör det möjligt för utvecklare av indiespel att publicera sina spel själva. Hur indiespelutvecklare bedriver spelpubliceringsverksamheten är dock oklart. Dessutom, eftersom fler och fler indiespelsutvecklare fokuserar på den mobila plattformen, vilket skapar en allt hårdare konkurrens om spelarnas uppmärksamhet. Många indiespelsutvecklare är bra på spelutveckling, men de flesta saknar erfarenhet av spelpublicering. De har utmaningar när det gäller att nå potentiella spelare och även med att få dem att bli lojala och betalande spelare. Denna forskning syftar till att förstå hur spelanalys kan användas för indie-mobilspelspublicering. I praktiken har en ny metod utvecklats för att vägleda indiespelsutvecklare i free-to-play (F2P) mobilspelspublicering. Denna nya metod fokuserar främst på att ta itu med de största utmaningarna från indiespelsutvecklarens sida under deras mobilspelspublicering. Den nya metoden underlättar publicering av indie-mobilspel genom att ge vägledning till hur datainsamling och analys kan genomföras. Design Science Research (DSR) metod används för att uppfylla det övergrip

Purpose – Data from a national patient survey (N51,155) of the Swedish PAEHR “Journalen” users were analysed, and an extended version of the theory of technological frames was developed to explain the variation in the technological and informational framing of information technologies found in the data. Design/methodology/approach – Patient Accessible Electronic Health Records (PAEHRs) are implemented globally to address challenges with an ageing population. However, firstly, little is known about age-related variation in PAEHR use, and secondly, user perceptions of the PAEHR technology and the health record information and how the technology and information–related perceptions are linked to each other. The purpose of this study is to investigate these two under-studied aspects of PAEHRs and propose a framework based on the theory of technological frames to support studying the second aspect, i.e. the interplay of information and technology–related perceptions. Findings – The results suggest that younger respondents were more likely to be interested in PAEHR contents for general interest. However, they did not value online access to the information as high as older ones. Older respondents were instead inclined to use medical records information to understand their health condition, prepare for visits, become involved in their own healthcare and think that technology has a much potential. Moreover, the oldest respondents were more likely to consider the information in PAEHRs useful and aimed for them but to experience the technology as inherently difficult to use. Research limitations/implications – The sample excludes non-users and is not a representative sample ofthe population of Sweden. However, although the data contain an unknown bias, there are no specific reasons tobelieve that it would differently affect the survey’s age groups. Practical implications – Age should be taken into account as a key factor that influences perceptions of the usefulness of PAEHRs., CC BY 4.0Publication date: 19 February 2021Corresponding author Isto Huvila can be contacted at: isto.huvila@abm.uu.se

Occupancy Regulated Extension (ORE) är en algoritm som används för att procedurellt generera banor till spel. Detta arbete undersökte användning av ORE för att skapa byggnader med tätt packade rum, specifikt från ett prestandaperspektiv. Detta genomfördes med treimplementationer av olika varianter av ORE. Dessa varianter är rutnät, svepande linje, och AABB. För små rum var rutnät snabbast, med svepande linje därefter och AABB den långsammaste. Med större rum var svepande linje i stort sett oförändrad och därmed snabbast, medans de andra två visade en ökning i genereringstiden. Rutnätsgeneratorn påverkades mest av rumstorlek, men inte tillräckligt för att vara långsammare än AABB. Resultatet var inte betydligt nog för att definitivt utse en implementation som bäst, eftersom skillnaderna var för små för att utesluta problem med implementationerna. Ytterligare arbete krävs för att uppnå ett mer exakt resultat., Det finns övrigt digitalt material (t.ex. film-, bild- eller ljudfiler) eller modeller/artefakter tillhörande examensarbetet som ska skickas till arkivet.

Free-to-play gamers' spending habits are crucial for game developers to generate revenue in games. The unique thing about free-to-play business model games is that players don't have to pay to play the game, but need to make in-game purchases if they want a better gaming experience. The users are diverse，the trend to personalise services for users based on their diversity has become unavoidable, but identifying user needs is a large and complex problem, so an in-depth understanding of players' spending behaviour in games is essential. This thesis assists researchers in addressing this issue by constructing a game user profile based on player consumption patterns. In order to build a profile of a game's users, a great amount of data needs to be collected. However, simply providing raw data may not be of value to the development. For this reason, this thesis explores a methodology for effectively analysing and communicating survey data. This methodology collects data from user surveys, analyses the data using the author's proposed logic for creating user profiles based on consumer behaviour, and uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to create a realistic game user profile. On this basis, through the application of the proposed logic, four categories of player consumption archetypes could be identified: players with Positive attitude(POSA), Moderate attitude (MODA), Reluctance attitude (RELA), and Negative attitude (NEGA). Subsequently, these archetypes could then be used to establish design guidelines for creating game mechanics and services to better encourage in-game purchases. However, as these methods have not been put into practice, the effectiveness of using them is open to question.

How moral alignments are used in video games is an issue under discussion. This study looks at two methods of presenting it to the player. One is covert and tracks alignment behind the scenes, and the other shows how the score changes according to choices. 20 participants played either version of the artefact, an interactive text story, where the difference is the method for alignment tracking used. Survey responses are then used to establish the players’ perceived enjoyment and engagement with the story, as well as their engagement with moral dilemmas that were a part of the artefact., Det finns övrigt digitalt material (t.ex. film-, bild- eller ljudfiler) eller modeller/artefakter tillhörande examensarbetet som ska skickas till arkivet.

Information plays an essential role in supporting an organization's business; this information encounters any business's technology, people, and process aspects. In contrast, each aspect can risk an organization's information assets. Information traceability and accountability can play a significant role in controlling and protecting information assets. When individuals perceive accountability for each modification or change, they will behave systematically in their activities because they can expect their actions to impact others. A sense of information accountability increases the likelihood that people think about their behaviors in daily processes. However, if the accountability mechanism is insufficient, it can cause conflicts between information owners and employees. Previous works are based on the theories to increase the sense of information accountability and have efficient mechanisms. Moreover, improvement of the accountability mechanism is a concern because researchers rely on laboratory results, which is not enough to develop and have a systematic mechanism. Therefore, existing theories and explanations of information accountability tend to be unclear in practice.This study presents a qualitative case study focusing on information asset accountability among information owners and finding the practical tools and techniques to enforce the accountability. Data collection is carried out through ten semi-structured interviews among information owners who directly own information and make decisions related to classified information and controlling access levels. The interview questions were based on the increasing information asset accountability to reveal the influential factors that must be addressed. Data analysis discloses information owners’ requirements to increase the sense of accountability in an organization when it comes to information asset accountability. Key findings seem to be applying proper tools and processes such as verification and traceabil

Datavisualisering används för att sammanfatta data på ett sätt som oss människor kanförstå. I arbetet används ett dataset som innehåller schackdata i form av schackpartier.På grund av att schackdata är ett komplext dataformat samtidigt som det kan omfattastora mängder data kan det leda till problem vid datavisualisering. Detta beror påschackdatans komplexitet och datamängd vilket är två vanliga faktorer som kanresultera i långsamma utritningstider inom datavisualisering. För att visualisera data iwebben är det väldigt vanligt att använda sig av javascript bibliotek. I detta arbetetkommer biblioteken Heatmap.js och D3.js att jämföras i ett tekniskt experiment för attse vilket bibliotek som har snabbat utritningstid vid visualisering av schackdata medheatmaps. Resultatet av experimentet indikerar att det mestadels inte finns någonskillnad i utritningstid mellan biblioteken vid visualisering av schackdata. Framtidaarbeten borde undersöka hur heatmaps kan användas inom andraanvändningsområden än schack., Det finns övrigt digitalt material (t.ex. film-, bild- eller ljudfiler) eller modeller/artefakter tillhörande examensarbetet som ska skickas till arkivet

Denna studie har undersökt om betraktare kan urskilja att en animerad ansiktslös karaktär har negativa intentioner och försöker ljuga, enbart genom hur dess kroppsspråk animeras. Undersökningen genomfördes med kvantitativa enkäter, där testdeltagarna fick studera två olika animationer av en 3D-modell. Den ena uttryckte en karaktär med ”goda intentioner” och den andra en karaktär med ”negativa intentioner. Testdeltagarna fick i enkäten svara på hur de uppfattade karaktärernas intentioner. Insamlad data analyserades sedan utifrån tesdeltagarnas kön och erfarenhet kring icke-verbal kommunikation. Resultaten antyder på att det går att göra animationer med kroppsspråk som medför att karaktärer, trots att deras ansiktsmimik inte syns, uppfattas som mer eller mindre trovärdiga. Det framkom indikationer på skillnader i tolkningen mellan kvinnor och män, samt skillnad i tolkning mellan personer med mer och mindre erfarenhet av icke-verbal kommunikation. Studien bör anses som en förstudie och dessa resultat kan fungera som underlag för framtida undersökningar.

Dagens e-handelssektor samt möjligheten att utföra bokningar genom webben på diverse webbplatser gör webbapplikationer och databassystem till verksamhetskritiska komponenter i ett företags. Stora mängder användare belastar databaser av dessa företag genom att göra flertal bokningar samtidigt och med det ökar väntetiderna på operationer på webbapplikationerna. Med hjälp av PHP skapasen webbapplikationen som har tillgång till två databaser respektive är hanterad av varsin databashanterare nämligen MySQL och PostgreSQL. Med detta upplägg har studien i mål att mäta påverkning av belastning i form av hög samtidighet på databaserna och avgöra vilken av dem har bättre prestanda under de specifika omständigheterna. MySQL presterar mycket bättre med nästan 10 gånger snabbare throughput men det finns flertal frågetecken i studien som behöver besvaras med ytterligare forskning. En av dessa är varför MySQL presterar bättre under hög samtidighet i jämförelse med låg samtidighet., Det finns övrigt digitalt material (t.ex. film-, bild- eller ljudfiler) eller modeller/artefakter tillhörande examensarbetet som ska skickas till arkivet.