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The article is the first step of a research project aimed at investigating new perspectives and aspects of Morgagni's role and work. His activities as a medical examiner and forensic doctor are yet to be truly discovered. Manuscripts, written by Morgagni when he was a forensic expert for the Health Magistrate of Venice, currently preserved at the City Library in Forli (Italy), shed light on a new aspect of his cultural background. As a forensic doctor, he also helped push an increase in "social medicine" in Italy, when physicians began to collaborate with the administrative and political institutions in order to plan environmental and urban regulations to control air quality. While reading his reports, his contribution to the primordial medical Hygiene and Public Health emerges. Among his reports, the authors focused on the one concerning the Beatification of Gregorio Barbarigo, which clearly highlights his pathological approach, as well as his knowledge and application of embalming systems and mummiology. Moreover, this report could be considered as an issue in the history of paleopathology.

The Order of St. Augustine (Ordo Eremitarum Sancti Augustini) was the first religious community in Rijeka. The monastery of St. Jerome, founded by the noble families of Devin and Walsee, existed from the 14th century till 1788, when it was dissolved by Joseph II. Unfortunately, the past of the Augustine Monastery of St. Jerome is mostly unknown. On the basis of largely unexplored sources in Croatia and overseas, the author reveals several facts about the relation between Rijeka's Augustinian community and medicine. The paper includes an important piece of information concerning the existence of a hospital on the lo-cation of Andrejšćica in Rijeka, founded in the 15th century, which has so far been unknown. Augustinian's sources (16th and 18th century) show the presence of several shaver-surgeon (barbitonsorius) and other various relevant topics for the history of medicine in Rijeka - pharmacopola, aromatarius etc.

In 1933 the Professors of Genoa School of Medicine V. Maragliano, GB. Cardinale, and A. Vallebona proposed to designate Saint Michael the Archangel as Patron Saint and Protector of Radiologists. The proposal of Italian radiology scientists was immediately accepted by colleagues with great enthusiasm. A petition was then sent to Pope Pius XII to obtain official recognition by the Catholic Church. The choice of the Holy Archangel Michael was argued by the Professors because he is the Saint who, in religious iconography, is the one who wears armor, is the guardian of paradise, and leads souls to God. Moreover, the Saint represents the triumph of the Light of Good against the darkness of evil. On January 15, 1941, the Sacred Congregation of Rites issued the decree that constituted: "Sanctus Michael, Archangelus pro radiologis et radiumtherapeuticis patronus et protector declaratus".

Plague epidemics have remained in the collective consciousness until nowadays remembered as the deadliest. Therefore, it is not surprising that the answers to them throughout history have been not only medical but also religious. The previously mentioned will be analyzed in this paper through the cults of the protector saints against the plague epidemics that have developed in two Croatian cities of comparable size, Rijeka and Osijek, but with the diametrically opposed geographical positions and, accordingly, quite different historical developments. On the one hand, a more detailed overview of the development of the cults of various saints present in the mentioned cities will be presented. On the other hand, based on their presentation in the sacral heritage of these cities, the broader context of the time and space in which they have developed will be lightened. Particular attention will be paid to their medical connotations.

Human urine is currently the subject of biomedical investigations as a potential therapeutic resource and it continues to be used in remedies in different cultures and societies, including the Spanish culture. In this study we gather etnomedical knowledge about urotherapy and determine their associated symbolisms in Spain. A literature overview and a case study were carried out to compile urine-based remedies and as a direct analysis of symbolic systems. Urotherapy is widespread in Spanish folk medicine. Among the 204 collected remedies, those related to treatment of diseases or skin conditions predominate (63%). Remedies have been reported for the treatment of skin diseases such as eczema, chloasma, alopecia, etc. to treat or alleviate burns, chilblains, wounds or skin chapping, and as a treatment of venomous bites. Most of the collected remedies have an associated naturalist symbolism, based on local traditions and the transmission of empirical initial knowledge. The use of urine in Spain is a result of the interaction of two types of practice: a local and traditional urotherapy, rural and with a utilitarian purpose, and a technical urotherapy, limited to an urban environment and a naturopathic medicine.

For some reason, the sacral heritage of Lovran and its surroundings has escaped the eye of medical historians, until now. seeing that the Parish Church of st George in Lovran holds a central position in this heritage, the authors provide an analysis of medical elements in the church. The analysis has focused on three aspects. The first aspect are medical elements, especially the anthropological features of characters depicted on the frescoes, which belong to the earliest and most representative of the whole region. The second are Glagolithic inscriptions relevant for the history of medicine and health culture. The third is the iconography of patron saints against a variety of diseases (featured on paintings, altars or sculptures), paying particular attention to relevant medical imagery of st George as the church's patron saint. relying on a well developed method for analysing medical elements in the sacral heritage of Croatia and abroad, the authors seek to fill the gaps in this medical historical mosaic by investigating the parish church of Lovran.

This article follows in the footsteps of oral tradition and literary sources, Blessed Ottone of Pola by O. Zvonko Zlodi in particular. It presents in broad lines the hagiography of an Istrian charismatic and Franciscan friar Ottone of Pola, one of the early disciples of St Francis of Assisi to arrive in Istria. Scarce sources about his origin and life evidence that he lived in Pola (Pula) in the first half of the 13th century, where he was buried in the Church of St Francis. Tradition has it that in addition to exceptional goodness and absolute virtue he also performed fourteen healing miracles that have been described in detail by several church chroniclers. Even though he was not officially beatified, the Church approved of his worship.

In inland Croatia, Franciscan friars had been scattered across three multi-national provinces - the Croatian and Carniolan province in the west, the province of St Ladislaus in the north, and the province of St John Capistrano in the east. The three provinces united into a single Croatian Franciscan province of St Cyrill and Methodius in 1900. As the monastery in Zagreb, the Croatian capital, was the number one in the province of St Ladislaus, it is quite likely that the way of living and the laws of this province influenced the other two inland provinces. The legislation in these two provinces was not as advanced as St Ladislaus' that was based on the so called Constitutiones Sambucanae, drawn up by Franciscan General Michele Buongiorno of Sambuca in 1663, which are best reflected in the four editions of St Ladislaus Province statutes (1687, 1749, 1768, and 1806). They provide a wealth of information about the Franciscan life and activities of that province. This article focuses on the provisions regulating the health care of the ill brethren. It also includes ample information from the monastery of Virovitica and from the archives of the Province of St John of Capistrano to give the reader an idea about Franciscan health care in these monasteries.

Fra Ambroz Testen (1897-1984) is undoubtedly one of the most intriguing self-taught painter in modern Croatian art. His work if full of contrasted colours, light and dark, blurred and clear shapes. What do his pieces tell us about his personality? Relying on the psychodynamic analytical model, we can identify manifestations of unconscious psyche in creative expression. This article describes the use of psychodynamic analysis to interpret Fra Testen's paintings.

Manuscripts containing collections of folk recipes for treatment of deseases were written mostly by Catholic priests especially Franciscians in Croatia in the past centuries. They were used as manuals for preparation of remedies and gave directions for their use. These writtings provide valuble data for etnographers and historians of ethnomedicine. The paper describes the manuscript "Many different remedies for headache treatment" written by unknown author probably in 18. century in Sinj, Dalmatia. The manuscript was found in the archives of Sinj Friary. The collection contains 16 recipes for headache treatment. Materia medica of the manuscript is composed of drugs of plant origin. Valuable information is given about the folk names for medicinal plants as well as descriptions of the ways of preparing remedies. Latin as well as contemporaly croatian names are attributed to the plants species mentioned in the manuscript. Use of the plants for treatment of the specific deseases were compared with their use in modern fitotherapy.

Vladimir Hudolin was born in Ogulin in 1922 and died in Zagreb in 1996. He was one of the best students of the Susak grammar school and distinguished himself in a Catholic youth association Domagoj. In 1940, he moved to Zagreb to study medicine. In 1948 he graduated, and in 1951 specialised in psychiatry. His field of expertise was social psychiatry, alcohology in particular. In developing his own original preventive and remedial programmes, he much relied on the concepts of Community Psychiatry and alike, and managed to encourage their implementation on a variety of community levels, from local to national. His concept was recognised in a number of countries around the world; over 650 articles speak about how successful it was. This article focuses on Vladimir Hudolin's grammar school years in Susak, proposing that particular circumstances and figures from his formative years played a key role in his humanistic and scientific development. Early on it was his social activity in the Catholic youth association Domagoj and Bonifacije Perović, a theologist-sociologist who was a member of the Croatian Catholic Movement. The key figures who made him aware of the alcoholism issue were Fran Gudrum, Mirko Cunko, Maksimilijan Benković, Andrija Stampar, Josip Silović, and the Bishop of Senj Josip Marusić. Regardless of the controversies and controversial activities of some of the members of the Croatian Catholic Movement between the two world wars, there is no doubt that this movement has played a major role in the development of one of the most distinct figures in world alcohology, Vladimir Hudolin.