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A 2-D fluid model is developed to study the pulsed discharges with pin--plane electrode in atmospheric pressure. A positive streamer forms at the pin electrode connecting to the applied voltage and then propagates toward to the ground plane electrode (cathode). Simulation results show if the streamer head is close enough to the cathode, in front of the original streamer a new streamer forms, and simultaneously a second positive current peak is observed, suggesting that the discharge mode transforms into glow mode. Otherwise, the discharge operates at corona mode. The characteristics of the two typical discharge modes are analyzed through the spatiotemporal evolution behaviors of conduction current, electron density, electric field, and electron flux. The transition between corona and glow modes depending on the discharge parameters such as applied voltage, curvature radii, and secondary electron emission coefficients are studied in this paper. It should be noted that no matter what discharge mode is, discharge with reversed direction appears at the falling edge of voltage pulse, which is caused by space charges [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an atmospheric pressure low-temperature plasma pencil generated in helium and helium/oxygen gas mixtures was characterized in detail for its discharge characteristics, plasma power, reactive plasma species produced, plasma density, and plasma temperatures using electrical and optical emission spectroscopy (OES) diagnostics, and its efficacy for biomedical application. A visible plasma plume length of approximately 27 mm was generated using a 60-kHz ac HV power supply. The OES results showed the most intensive plasma emission lines of OH transition A^2\Sigma^+(v=0,1)\toX^2\Pi(\Delta\nu=0) at 308 nm and OH transition A^2\Sigma^+(v=0,1)\toX^2\Pi(\Delta\nu=1) at 287 nm, O I transition 3p^5P\to 3s^5S^0 at 777.41 nm, O I transition 3p^3P\to 3s^3S^0 at 844.6 nm, and N2(C\-B) second positive system with electronic transition C^3\Piu{\to}B^3\Pig in the range 300–450 nm. The effects of controlled oxygen content on the plasma pencil and on various helium plasma emissions and electrical properties are studied. A spatial distribution of reactive plasma species produced by the plasma pencil is presented. The electron density of plasma jet was estimated to be in the order of 2.1\times 10^14~cm^-3 using Stark broadening line profile of the hydrogen alpha emission. The temperatures of afterglow plasma pencil were evaluated using OH rotational temperatures, and the results demonstrate temperatures of 316 and 362 K for pure He and He/ O2 gas mixtures (0.1% O2 ), respectively. Preliminary results on inactivation of Streptococcus pneumoniae on a solid surface and in liquid suspension were carried out using the plasma pencil for biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

It is well accepted that increasing the frequency and reducing the electrode gap are effective ways to enhance the discharge stability in atmospheric radio-frequency (rf) discharges. In this paper, we explore a 1-D fluid model to investigate the discharge characteristics when the \alpha-\gamma mode transition occurs. The differential equation satisfied at the \alpha-\gamma mode transition point is given based on the governing equations. From the theoretical analysis and computational data, with an increase in the electrode gap, the power density coupled to the plasmas decreases, and the critical electron density modestly increases at the transition point; the electron temperature both in the sheath and bulk plasma decreases as the sheath shrinks. On the other side, as the frequency is raised, just at the mode transition point, the applied voltage reduces, and the plasma density increases almost exponentially with a higher electron temperature in the sheath. From the view point of application, the discharge driven by a high frequency at a narrow gap is desirable to produce a stable and high-density atmospheric plasma with a large power density coupled. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]