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The use of alternate fuels and raw materials in the cement manufacturing process has evolved substantially over the last two to three decades, along with approaches to acquire regulatory approval. Most recently, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has published new regulations as an overlay to what has been in place, having the potential to significantly impact this practice. Instead of dealing with the state agencies that usually have permitting authority, the new rules add another layer of regulatory hurdles by EPA. The new regulations also force a more significant overlap of the air permitting and solid waste rules. As a result, implementing an alternate material program and seeking approval has the potential to be considerably more challenging for the regulated community, in addition to adding complexity for the state agency permitting staff. This paper provides an update on the latest solid waste and air regulations applicable to alternative material use in cement plants, and potential implications for the U.S. industry. Early experiences will be explored, in addition to contemplating potential permitting and/or approval pathways expected to be encountered with the newest regulations in place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the development of Center of Excellence in radio frequency identification (RFID) technology at some educational institutions in the U.S. According to Marlin H. Mickle, Center of Excellence refers to the places recognized for their excellence in research, development, and testing of a particular technology. In addition, Mickle points that the Pitt's Center of Excellence focuses on the technologies that make RFID work. On the other hand, the University of Texas, in Arlington, Texas also established their own Center of Excellence in RFID, which focused on evaluating, developing, and bringing to market new radio frequency technologies.