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This paper proposes fault-tolerant (FT) operation of a single-switch dc-dc converter under a switch failure. In order to improve the reliability in critical applications, FT operation is mandatory to guarantee service continuity. The FT operation of a power system can be performed in three steps: fault diagnosis (detection and identification) and remedial actions. In the case of a switch failure, suitable fault detection is essential to avoid its propagation to the whole system. This study is based on a fast and efficient open- and short-circuit switch fault diagnosis. Both types of switch failure can be detected, identified, and handled in real time by implementing fault diagnosis and reconfiguration strategies on a field-programmable gate array target. No additional sensor is required to perform the fault detection. A redundant switch and a bidirectional switch are needed for converter reconfiguration in postfault operation. The results of hardware-in-the-loop and experimental tests, which all confirm the good performances of the proposed approach, are presented and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performances of wind energy conversion systems (WECS) heavily depend on the accurate current sensing. A sudden failure in one of the current sensors decreases the system performances. Moreover, if a fault is not detected and handled quickly, its effect leads to system disconnection. Hence, to reduce the failure rate and to prevent unscheduled shutdown, a real-time fault detection, isolation, and compensation scheme could be adopted. This paper introduces a new field-programmable-gatearray (FPGA)-based grid-side-converter current sensor fault-tolerant control for WECS with doubly fed induction generator. The proposed current sensor fault detection is achieved by a predictive model. "FPGA-in-the-loop" and experimental results validate the effectiveness and satisfactory performances of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the design, implementation, experimental validation, and performances of a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based real-time power converter failure diagnosis for three-leg fault tolerant converter topologies used in wind energy conversion systems (WECSs). The developed approach minimizes the time interval between the fault occurrence and its diagnosis. We demonstrated the possibility to detect a faulty switch in less than 10 μs by using a diagnosis simultaneously based on a "time criterion" and a "voltage criterion." To attain such a short detection time, an FPGA fully digital implementation is used. The performances of the proposed FPGA -based fault detection method are evaluated for a new fault tolerant back-to-back converter topology suited for WECS with doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). We examine the failure diagnosis method and the response of the WECS when one of the power switches of the fault tolerant back-to-back converter is faulty. The experimental failure diagnosis implementation based on "FPGA in the loop" hardware prototyping verifies the performances of the fault tolerant WECS with DFIG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]