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This paper develops new models and concepts for incorporating the effect of protection system failures into power system reliability evaluation. The two types of protection failures, i.e., undesired-tripping mode and fail-to-operate mode, and their impact on reliability modeling are discussed. A complete Markov model for current-carrying components is established and its simplified form appropriately describes the overall reliability situation of individual components. Concepts of self-down state and induced-down state are introduced and used to build the composite unit model for quantitatively assessing the influence of protection failures on modeling system states. Finally, a Markov model of power systems with protection failures is proposed for system reliability evaluation. The proposed methodology is then illustrated in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Appropriate wind speed modeling is an important requirement in the reliability evaluation of wind integrated electric power systems. This paper examines and illustrates the effects on the generating capacity adequacy indices of a small test system of using different wind speed modeling procedures in Monte Carlo simulation and analytical reliability assessment. Wind speed data for a number of different time periods at two quite diverse locations in Canada are used in the studies. Wind speed is represented using hourly observed data, hourly mean wind speed data, autoregressive moving average (ARMA) time series, moving average (MA) time series, Normal distribution, and Markov chain models. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]